“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見(jiàn)，建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知，現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。
【33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (這些觀察結(jié)果現(xiàn)在超過(guò)了來(lái)自物理標(biāo)本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而且由于我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化，我想知道：它們有用嗎?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于觀察數(shù)據(jù)，即人們通過(guò)移動(dòng)應(yīng)用記錄的物種觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 這是有道理的，因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。)”可知，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當(dāng)。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的研究結(jié)果來(lái)告知用戶(hù)樣本過(guò)多的地區(qū)，并將他們引導(dǎo)到樣本不足的地方，甚至是物種。為了提高觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶(hù)讓專(zhuān)家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。
2.（2024年新高考II卷C篇閱讀理解）We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，還有一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通過(guò)云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。
3.（2024年新高考II卷D篇閱讀理解）Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (變革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代碼) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一書(shū)。該書(shū)作為應(yīng)對(duì)AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實(shí)用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強(qiáng)調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機(jī)。
【12題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代碼) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (這樣一本書(shū)可能會(huì)像驅(qū)動(dòng)人工智能的計(jì)算機(jī)代碼一樣復(fù)雜，但值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專(zhuān)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實(shí)際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫(xiě)了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾撰寫(xiě)的這本書(shū)是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的話(huà)可能就不是這樣了，推測(cè)劃線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)表示 “如果是由能力較差的人寫(xiě)的”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專(zhuān)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實(shí)際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫(xiě)了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾在書(shū)中將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容，這本書(shū)的特點(diǎn)是通俗易懂，推測(cè)它采用了接地氣的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。故選B項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她說(shuō)，我們必須保持對(duì)人工智能的控制，否則就有被邊緣化甚至更糟的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我們需要考慮我們希望人工智能的未來(lái)如何發(fā)展。這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的思維，加上全球監(jiān)管，將使我們走向偉大，而不是走向衰敗)”可知，坎貝爾敦促人們保持對(duì)人工智能的控制，考慮人工智能的未來(lái)應(yīng)如何發(fā)展，所以關(guān)于人工智能的發(fā)展，坎貝爾敦促人們共同努力將其控制住。故選C項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (變革). (考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力，我們都需要采取行動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的未來(lái)，這正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地?？ㄌ乩飱W娜·坎貝爾撰寫(xiě)的這本引人入勝的新書(shū)是一本實(shí)用的路線(xiàn)圖，旨在應(yīng)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的人工智能革命帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn))”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能將影響我們所有人，如果你只讀一本關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的書(shū)，那就是這本書(shū))”可知，本文主要介紹了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一書(shū)，該書(shū)作為應(yīng)對(duì)AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實(shí)用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強(qiáng)調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機(jī)，所以作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是推薦一本關(guān)于人工智能的書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)。
2024年高考模擬真題
（2024·新疆烏魯木齊·三模）Duble rainbws are ne thing, but a duble aurra (極光)? They can happen, thugh sme kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurra is especially cnfusing. Nw, images taken by amateur astrnmers may help reveal its secrets.
Citizen scientists living in Canada and Finland used cameras t dcument an unusual cmbinatin f aurras in the night sky. Physicists have studied thse images t learn what may have caused the unusual light shw.
Alan Dyer was utside his hme in Strathmre, Canada, when the dancing Nrthern Lights caught his attentin. He grabbed his camera and started filming. "I knew I had smething interesting," says Dyer. At first glance, the duble aurra lks like a flating slice f watermeln. The green aurra is well-understd. The fruity lking red st rip is mre mysterius. Scientists have knwn abut these red aurras fr decades. But there's n agreement n hw they frm. One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas f the atmsphere. That heat culd knck particles (粒子) arund, like in prtn (質(zhì)子) rain.
Researchers had seen these tw types f aurras ccur tgether befre. But it was always mysterius, says Tshi Nishimura, a space physicist at Bstn University. After lking at satellite bservatins alng with the images taken by Dyer and thers, Nishimura and his team cncluded hw the tw phenmena might be related. The key is the thin rays in the red aurra. They mark the paths f electrns falling thrugh the Earth's magnetic field. That means electrn rain appears t cause the red aurra, just as prtn rain causes the green ne. Bth get pwered by the slar wind. But the electrns carry less energy than the prtns, s they make fr a mre reddish clr.
Electrn rain might nt be the nly way t prduce the stable red aurras, thugh. The results shw that what's ging n is mre cmplicated than researchers had thught. The aurras Dyer saw culd be danger znes fr radi cmmunicatin and GPS systems, says Nishimura.
The citizen scientists wh tk the phts were a critical part f the new findings, Nishimura says.
1．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt n astrnmic discveries.
B．A blg abut sky phenmena.
C．A review f aurra research.
D．A brchure f aurra turs.
2．What can be inferred abut red aurras?
A．They are fully understd by scientists.
B．They were first sptted by Alan Dyer.
C．They are related t Earth's magnetic field.
D．They are generated frm prtn rain.
3．What may affect the clr f the aurra?
A．The path it travels alng.B．The energy particles carry.
C．The wavelength f rays.D．The surce f slar wind.
4．What des the authr indicate by mentining Alan Dyer's example?
A．Phtgraphy drives scientific research.
B．The duble aurra is a threat t GPS system.
C．Satellite bservatins lead t aurra discveries.
D．Citizen scientists help explain the duble aurra.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了雙重極光的現(xiàn)象，特別是紅色和綠色極光的形成原因，以及公民科學(xué)家如何通過(guò)拍攝圖片幫助科學(xué)家研究這一現(xiàn)象。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duble rainbws are ne thing, but a duble aurra（極光 )? They can happen, thugh sme kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurra is especially cnfusing. Nw, images taken by amateur astrnmers may help reveal its secrets.”（ 雙彩虹是一回事，但雙極光呢？這種情況可能會(huì)發(fā)生，盡管有些類(lèi)型很少見(jiàn)。一種特殊的紅綠極光尤其令人困惑?，F(xiàn)在，由業(yè)余天文學(xué)家拍攝的圖像可能有助于揭示它的秘密。）主要介紹了雙重極光的現(xiàn)象，特別是紅色和綠色極光的形成原因，以及公民科學(xué)家如何通過(guò)拍攝圖片幫助科學(xué)家研究這一現(xiàn)象。所以這是一篇關(guān)于天文發(fā)現(xiàn)的新聞報(bào)道。故選A項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas f the atmsphere.”（一種觀點(diǎn)是地球的磁場(chǎng)可以加熱大氣的某些區(qū)域。）可推知，紅色極光與地球的磁場(chǎng)有關(guān)。故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“But the electrns carry less energy than the prtns, s they make fr a mre reddish clr.”（但是電子攜帶的能量比質(zhì)子少，所以它們產(chǎn)生更紅的顏色。）可知，粒子攜帶的能量影響極光的顏色。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The citizen scientists wh tk the phts were a critical part f the new findings, Nishimura says.”（Nishimura說(shuō)，拍攝這些照片的公民科學(xué)家是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵部分。）可推知，作者提到艾倫·戴爾的例子是想說(shuō)明公民科學(xué)家通過(guò)拍攝圖片幫助解釋雙重極光。故選D。
（2024·湖北襄陽(yáng)·三模）Medicine is nt exclusively a human inventin. Many ther animals, frm insects t birds t nnhuman primates, have been knwn t self-medicate with plants and minerals fr infectins and ther cnditins.
Behaviral eclgist Helen Mrrgh-Bernard f the Brne Nature Fundatin has spent decades studying the island’s rangutans (猩猩) and says she has nw fund evidence they use plants in a previusly unseen medicinal way.
During mre than 20, 000 hurs f frmal bservatin, Mrrgh-Bernard and her clleagues watched 10 rangutans ccasinally chew a particular plant (which is nt part f their nrmal diet) int a famy lather (泡沫) and then rub it int their fur. The apes spent up t 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture nt their upper arms r legs. The researchers believe this behavir is the first knwn example f a nnhuman animal using a tpical painkiller.
Lcal peple use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-lking plant with stalked leaves-t treat aches and pains. Mrrgh-Bernard’s c-authrs studied its chemistry. They added extracts (提出物) frm the plant t human cells that had been grwn in a dish and had been artificially stimulated t prduce cytkines, an immune system respnse that causes inflammatin (炎癥) and discmfrt. The plant extract reduced the prductin f several types f cytkines, the scientists reprted the finding in a study published last Nvember in Scientific Reprts.
The results suggest that rangutans use the plant t reduce inflammatin and treat pam. Such findings culd help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful fr human medicatins.
In creatures such as insects, the ability t self-medicate is almst certainly innate: wlly bear caterpillars infected with flies seek ut and eat plant substances that are pisnus t the flies. But mre cmplex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discvery by ne member f their grup.
Fr example, an rangutan may have rubbed the plant n its skin t try t treat parasites and realized that it als had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavir may then have been passed n t ther rangutans. Because this type f-self-medicatin is seen nly in suth-central Brne, Mrrgh-Bernard says, it was prbably learned lcally.
5．What d we knw abut Dracaena cantleyi?
A．It can serve as a pain killer.B．It is rangutans nrmal diet.
C．It is a plant with a famy lather.D．L can functin as building materials.
6．Hw did Mrrgh-Bernard’s team prve the plant’s healing prperties?
A．By studying the plant’s chemistry.B．By bserving apes eating the plant.
C．By extracting cytkines frm the plant.D．By watching lcal peple using the plant.
7．What is the significance f the findings?
A．Btanists can better understand plants.
B．Scientists can find a new way t study apes.
C．Dctrs may have the pwer t cure mre diseases.
D．Drug cmpanies may find new materials fr medicine.
8．What can we learn accrding t the passage?
A．Medicine is a human unique inventin.B．Plant extracts are the best t treat-pain.
C．Humans and animals have a lt in cmmn.D．Insects have the natural ability t self medicatin.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，藥物并不是人類(lèi)的獨(dú)家發(fā)明，研究人員通過(guò)觀察猩猩用一種植物進(jìn)行自我治療，發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多其他動(dòng)物都會(huì)用植物和礦物質(zhì)來(lái)自我治療感染和其他疾病。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lcal peple use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-lking plant with stalked leaves-t treat aches and pains.(當(dāng)?shù)厝擞猛瑯拥闹参顳racaena cantleyi（一種長(zhǎng)著莖狀葉子的普通植物）來(lái)治療疼痛)”可知，Dracaena cantleyi可以用來(lái)止疼，故選A。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Mrrgh-Bernard’s c-authrs studied its chemistry.(Mrrgh-Bernard的合著者研究了它的化學(xué)成分)”可知，Mrrgh-Bernard團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過(guò)研究這種植物的化學(xué)性質(zhì)證明了它的藥物療效，故選A。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Such findings culd help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful fr human medicatins.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助識(shí)別可能對(duì)人類(lèi)藥物有用的植物和化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義是制藥公司可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的藥物材料。故選D。
8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“In creatures such as insects, the ability t self-medicate is almst certainly innate(在昆蟲(chóng)等生物中，自我治療的能力幾乎肯定是天生的)”以及“But mre cmplex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discvery by ne member f their grup.(但更復(fù)雜的動(dòng)物可能會(huì)在群體中的一個(gè)成員最初發(fā)現(xiàn)后學(xué)會(huì)這些技巧)”可知，一些昆蟲(chóng)的自我治療能力是天生的，而更多的動(dòng)物是后天學(xué)習(xí)而得，故選D。
（2024·江西上饒·二模）Digital reading appears t be destrying habits f “deep reading”. Amazing numbers f peple with year f schling are in effect illiterate (不識(shí)字的). Admittedly, sme peple have been cmplaining abut new media since 1492, but tday’s cmplaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifest says, “The digital area may lead t mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many attractins t read in a shallw and scattered (碎片化的) manner — r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
Digital literacy has changed reading. When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrbing hundreds f pages t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. Recently, a bright 11-year-ld tld me I was wasting time n bks: he absrbed mre infrmatin faster frm Wikipedia. He had a pint. But digital readers als absrb mre misinfrmatin. And they seldm, absrb nuanced (微妙的) ideas.
In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifest, experts catalgue the passive parts f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f... critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” In the 2021 internatinal PISA survey, 49 percent f students agreed that “I read nly if I have t”, 13 percentage pints higher than in 2000.
As prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英的) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts — despite mre peple spending lnger in educatin and bk sales remaining rbust.
Peple wh lse higher-level reading skills als lse thinking skills. That’s hrrible, because “higher-level reading” has been essential t civilizatin. It enabled the Enlightenment, and an internatinal rise in sympathy fr peple wh aren’t like us.
9．What is the advantage f the digital reading?
A．It makes mre peple start t read widely.
B．It makes mre peple begin t think deeper.
C．It helps the yung t make use f the Internet.
D．It helps peple take advantage f their spare time.
10．What is Maryanne Wlf’s attitude twards digital reading?
A．Supprtive.B．Oppsed.C．Objective.D．Uncncerned.
11．What can be inferred abut the teens nw accrding t paragraph 3?
A．Teens shuld change the critical and cnscius reading.
B．Nearly half f the teens never read at all.
C．They dn’t believe what the experts indicate.
D．The trend f reading bks is increasingly declining.
12．Which statement is fit fr the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A．Mre and mre bks are purchased.
B．It’s unnecessary fr peple t buy bks.
C．Mre and mre peple like t visit the bkstres.
D．The sales f bks keep still fr a really lng time.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了數(shù)字閱讀對(duì)深度閱讀習(xí)慣的破壞性影響，以及深度閱讀在文明和人類(lèi)發(fā)展中的重要性。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Admittedly, sme peple have been cmplaining abut new media since 1492, but tday’s cmplaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifest says, “The digital area may lead t mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many attractins t read in a shallw and scattered (碎片化的) manner— r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” (誠(chéng)然，自1492年以來(lái)，有些人一直在抱怨新媒體，但今天的抱怨是有根據(jù)的，《盧布爾雅那閱讀宣言》說(shuō)，“數(shù)字領(lǐng)域可能會(huì)帶來(lái)比歷史上任何時(shí)候都多的閱讀，但它也提供了許多吸引人的膚淺和分散的閱讀方式——甚至根本不閱讀。這越來(lái)越危及更高水平的閱讀?！?”可知，數(shù)字領(lǐng)域可能會(huì)帶來(lái)比歷史上任何時(shí)候都多的閱讀，即數(shù)字閱讀讓人們開(kāi)始廣泛閱讀。故答案為A。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrbing hundreds f pages t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. (當(dāng)你閱讀一本紙質(zhì)書(shū)時(shí)，你可以完全沉浸在其中，吸收數(shù)百頁(yè)的內(nèi)容來(lái)捕捉世界的復(fù)雜性。UCLA的瑪麗安·沃爾夫說(shuō)，在網(wǎng)上，我們“略讀、瀏覽、滾動(dòng)”。媒介就是信息：在手機(jī)上進(jìn)行深度閱讀就像用手機(jī)打網(wǎng)球一樣困難。)”可知，瑪麗安·沃爾夫?qū)τ跀?shù)字化閱讀持反對(duì)態(tài)度，她并不看好數(shù)字化閱讀。故答案為B。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifest, experts catalgue the passive parts f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f... critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” In the 2021 internatinal PISA survey, 49 percent f students agreed that “I read nly if I have t”, 13 percentage pints higher than in 2000. (在《盧布爾雅那閱讀宣言》的白皮書(shū)中，專(zhuān)家們列舉了數(shù)字閱讀的被動(dòng)部分:“最近的各種研究表明……批判性和有意識(shí)的閱讀，慢速閱讀，非戰(zhàn)略性閱讀和長(zhǎng)篇閱讀。”在2021年的國(guó)際學(xué)生評(píng)估項(xiàng)目調(diào)查中，49%的學(xué)生同意“我只在必要的時(shí)候閱讀”，比2000年高出13個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。)”可知，學(xué)生們閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍的趨勢(shì)逐年下滑。故答案為D。
12．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“As prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英的) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts —despite mre peple spending lnger in educatin and bk sales remaining (正如西北大學(xué)的教授們?cè)?005年所預(yù)見(jiàn)的那樣，我們正在回到只有精英“閱讀階層”才會(huì)閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章的時(shí)代——盡管越來(lái)越多的人在教育上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，圖書(shū)銷(xiāo)售也保持……)”可知，越來(lái)越多的人在教育上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，所以圖書(shū)銷(xiāo)售也保持強(qiáng)勁，即圖書(shū)的銷(xiāo)售呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢(shì)，劃線(xiàn)詞的含義為“購(gòu)買(mǎi)的書(shū)越來(lái)越多”。A. Mre and mre bks are purchased購(gòu)買(mǎi)的書(shū)越來(lái)越多；B. It’s unnecessary fr peple t buy bks人們沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)書(shū)；C. Mre and mre peple like t visit the bkstres越來(lái)越多的人喜歡去書(shū)店；D. The sales f bks keep still fr a really lng time書(shū)籍的銷(xiāo)售量在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定。故答案為A。
（2024·新疆烏魯木齊·三模）Orienteering (定向越野) invlves running, jgging r walking, and using a map and cmpass t mve between places. It’s a great way t have fun utdrs with friends and family. The aim is t mve between pints, called cntrls, in a certain rder in the quickest time. Events are usually held in parks, fields r frests but they can als happen in twns and cities and even schl playgrunds. Peple can take part either as individuals r as a team.
Beginners’ events will have easier cntrls t find and cver less distance — perhaps a mile r tw. Fr experienced rienteers, the length f the curse culd be much lnger and take in hills and rugh grund.
Orienteers are given a “cntrl descriptin sheet” t help them find each pint. This sheet has details f features t lk fr, like paths and rivers, and a cde that must match the cde at each cntrl. Yu will either mark yur sheet at each cntrl r check in with an electrnic card.
When yu start rienteering, yu will learn map-reading skills. A helpful tip is t keep yur thumb n the spt that shws yur lcatin n the map. Keep it the right way rund: the features in frnt f yu n the grund shuld be in frnt f yu n the map.
Orienteering maps can have five r six clrs. Black areas shw human features, like buildings; brwn shws the cntur (輪廓) lines (height f the land); and blue shws water, such as lakes and rivers. White and green tgether shw wdlands; yellw areas represent grass and pen areas. On rienteering maps, a curse cnsists f a triangle, circles, a duble circle and smetimes cnnecting lines. The triangle is the start, the duble circle is the finish, and all the circles in between are checkpints.
As yu run between pints by what yu hpe is the quickest rute, yu can take in the scenery arund yu and have a great time chsing yur path and trying t finish in a fast time.
13．What can we learn abut rienteering at the beginning f the text?
A．Its rute is randm.B．Its result is distance-based.
C．It grups rienteers by age.D．It integrates varius skills.
14．Which aspect f rienteering des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．Tricks f saving time.B．The use f cntrl descriptin sheet.
C．Methds f checking in.D．The imprtance f cdes.
15．Why d rienteers keep their thumb n their lcatin n the map?
A．T track prgress.B．T mark the finish pint.
C．T maintain directin.D．T highlight checkpints.
16．What d the clrs n an rienteering map represent?
A．Gegraphical features.B．Difficulty levels.
C．Rutes fr cmpetitin.D．Stages f the rienteering race.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了定向越野這種戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，該運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合跑步、慢跑或步行，參與者使用地圖和指南針在不同地點(diǎn)間移動(dòng)。參與者使用檢查點(diǎn)描述表和地圖技巧導(dǎo)航，地圖顏色和符號(hào)指示地形和路線(xiàn)，需以最短時(shí)間按順序訪(fǎng)問(wèn)檢查點(diǎn)，地點(diǎn)多樣，可個(gè)人或團(tuán)隊(duì)參與。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Orienteering (定向越野) invlves running, jgging r walking, and using a map and cmpass t mve between places. (定向越野涉及跑步、慢跑或步行，并使用地圖和指南針在地方之間移動(dòng)。)”可推知，定向越野融合了各種技能。故選D項(xiàng)。
14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Orienteers are given a “cntrl descriptin sheet” t help them find each pint. This sheet has details f features t lk fr, like paths and rivers, and a cde that must match the cde at each cntrl. Yu will either mark yur sheet at each cntrl r check in with an electrnic card. (定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員得到一張“檢查點(diǎn)描述表”來(lái)幫助他們找到每個(gè)點(diǎn)。此工作表包含要查找的特征的詳細(xì)信息，例如路徑和河流，以及必須與每個(gè)點(diǎn)標(biāo)上的代碼相匹配的代碼。你可以在每個(gè)檢查點(diǎn)標(biāo)記你的表格，或者用電子卡簽到)”可知，本段主要介紹了定向越野中檢查點(diǎn)描述表的使用，包括其用處、內(nèi)容以及使用方式。故選B項(xiàng)。
15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“A helpful tip is t keep yur thumb n the spt that shws yur lcatin n the map. Keep it the right way rund: the features in frnt f yu n the grund shuld be in frnt f yu n the map. (一個(gè)有用的建議是把拇指放在地圖上顯示你所在位置的地方。保持正確的方向：地面上在你前面的特征應(yīng)該在地圖上也在你前面)”可知，定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員將拇指放在地圖上的位置是為了保持方向。故選C項(xiàng)。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Orienteering maps can have five r six clrs. Black areas shw human features, like buildings; brwn shws the cntur (輪廓) lines (height f the land); and blue shws water, such as lakes and rivers. White and green tgether shw wdlands; yellw areas represent grass and pen areas. (定向越野地圖可以有五到六種顏色。黑色區(qū)域表示人類(lèi)特征，比如建筑物；棕色表示等高線(xiàn)(地面高度)；藍(lán)色表示水，如湖泊和河流。白色和綠色一起表示林地；黃色區(qū)域代表草地和開(kāi)放區(qū)域)”可知，定向越野地圖上的顏色代表地理特征。故選A項(xiàng)。
（2024·陜西寶雞·三模）Eurpean wildcats culd be reintrduced t England mre than 200 years after they became extinct in the cuntry. The prject has been annunced by UK wildlife charity Wildwd Trust.
Eurpean wildcats are ne f the UK’s rarest mammals. The nly wild ppulatin, numbering fewer than 300 individuals, lives in the Scttish Highlands but they are n the verge f extinctin, partly because they have bred with lcal feral cats (wild-living dmestic cats).
Supprters hpe t save the species in the UK by reintrducing them t England and Wales, where they died ut arund 200 years ag because f hunting and lss f habitat. T bring back the species, Wildwd Trust is planning t build 10 new breeding facilities n tw sites in Kent and Devn. Kittens bred in captivity but away frm humans will then be released int the wild. The University f Exeter is researching places where the animals culd be reintrduced.
Eurpean wildcats are arund the same size as a large dmestic cat, but at up t eight kilgrams they are slightly adult heavier. They have a tabby-like pattern with thick black stripes n their bdies and a bushy tail and like t live in frests but near pen grassland. They’re als famusly shy and keep their distance frm humans. Laura Gardner, directr f cnservatin at Wildwd Trust, tld The Times newspaper that peple shuld nt be wrried by the thught f wildcats returning t the wild. “We’re nt talking abut wlves,” she said.
Wildwd Trust says that its prject can benefit bth the wildcats and the habitats where they live. They are ne f the few native predatrs left in the UK, s a healthy ppulatin f wildcats culd help t cntrl the numbers f animals they prey n, such as rabbits and rdents. By cmpeting fr the same fd as fxes, they will als help t reduce fx numbers and restre a balance t nature.
17．What is the aim f the prject?
A．T save wildcats frm dying ut.B．T ensure wildcats’gd habitats.
C．T raise mney t prtect wildcats.D．T build sme new breeding facilities.
18．What des the authr indicate by mentining Laura Gardner in paragraph 4?
A．Wildcats are very shy animals.B．Wildcats are nt as fierce as wlves.
C．Eurpean wildcats are unique animals.D．Wildcats cannt pse a threat fr humans.
19．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Wildcats will threaten the number f ther animals.
B．Wildcats and its habitats will be well prtected.
C．Wildcats can cntribute t eclgical balance.
D．Wildcats are ne f the few predatrs left in the UK.
20．What is the best title f the text?
A．Wildwd Trust Annuncing a Plan.
B．Rare Wildcats Making a Cmeback.
C．Reintrducing Wildcats Benefiting Us.
D．Wildcats Disappearing Frm the Wrld.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了由英國(guó)野生動(dòng)物慈善機(jī)構(gòu)Wildwd Trust宣布的，歐洲野貓?jiān)跍缃^200年后，可能被重新引進(jìn)英國(guó)的計(jì)劃。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Supprters hpe t save the species in the UK by reintrducing them t England and Wales, where they died ut arund 200 years ag because f hunting and lss f habitat.”（支持者希望通過(guò)將它們重新引入英格蘭和威爾士來(lái)拯救英國(guó)的這一物種，大約200年前，由于狩獵和棲息地的喪失，它們?cè)谀抢餃缃^了。）可知，這個(gè)計(jì)劃希望將歐洲野貓這一物種重新引入英國(guó)，以拯救它們免于滅絕。故選A。
18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Laura Gardner, directr f cnservatin at Wildwd Trust, tld The Times newspaper that peple shuld nt be wrried by the thught f wildcats returning t the wild. “We’re nt talking abut wlves,” she said.”（Laura Gardner是Wildwd Trust的保護(hù)主管，她告訴《泰晤士報(bào)》，人們不應(yīng)該為野貓回歸野外的想法而擔(dān)心?！拔覀冋f(shuō)的不是狼，”她說(shuō)。）可知，該段提到Laura Gardner是為了告訴人們，野貓和狼不一樣，它們不會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)造成威脅，所以不用擔(dān)心。故選D。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“They are ne f the few native predatrs left in the UK, s a healthy ppulatin f wildcats culd help t cntrl the numbers f animals they prey n, such as rabbits and rdents. By cmpeting fr the same fd as fxes, they will als help t reduce fx numbers and restre a balance t nature.”（它們是英國(guó)為數(shù)不多的本土食肉動(dòng)物之一，所以一個(gè)健康的野貓種群可以幫助控制它們捕食的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量，比如兔子和嚙齒動(dòng)物。通過(guò)與狐貍爭(zhēng)奪同樣的食物，它們也將有助于減少狐貍的數(shù)量，恢復(fù)自然的平衡。）可知，野貓有助于控制其捕食的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量，以及狐貍之類(lèi)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的數(shù)量，從而保持生態(tài)平衡。故選C。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Eurpean wildcats culd be reintrduced t England mre than 200 years after they became extinct in the cuntry.”（歐洲野貓?jiān)谟?guó)滅絕200多年后，可能會(huì)被重新引入英國(guó)。）和第二段“Eurpean wildcats are ne f the UK’s rarest mammals.”（歐洲野貓是英國(guó)最稀有的哺乳動(dòng)物之一。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了英國(guó)的稀有動(dòng)物——?dú)W洲野貓即將被重新引入英國(guó)、卷土重來(lái)的計(jì)劃。故選B。
（2024·陜西寶雞·三模）A shadwy figure sits alne in a rm, his face dimly lit by a cmputer screen. With a grin, he types in a series f cmputer cmmands, and in the blink f an eye, smene’s bank accunt is drained t zer.
In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. Hwever, nt all hackers are villains.
Sme hackers, called white hat r ethical hackers, are individuals wh make the mst f their hacking skills t identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, sftware and netwrks. Their jb is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive infrmatin. The term “white hat” riginated frm ld cwby mvies, where heres wre white hats and villains wre black nes. Like the heres in cwby mvies, white hats seek t stp the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers nly seek vulnerabilities legally, ften wrking n pen-surce sftware r with authrized access t systems. Once these weak spts are identified, cmpanies r individuals can take steps t prevent serius breaches and lsses. White hat hackers use a variety f different techniques t keep the internet safe. Penetratin testing, fr example, allws them t mimic cyberattacks and uncver system weaknesses. Security scanning tls allw white hats t identify hles in a netwrk’s security systems. Simulating denial-f-service attacks (DS attacks) helps cmpanies prepare fr attacks against their websites.
Many f the wrld’s tp white hat hackers began their jurneys n the wrng side f the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This ntrius hacker nce held the title f “mst wanted hacker” in the U. S. due t his cybercriminal activities in 1995. Hwever, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life tk a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided t use his hacking skills fr ethical purpses, eventually establishing his wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpany.
If yu aspire t be a white hat hacker, start by building a strng fundatin in cmputer and netwrk fundamentals. Gd luck, cmputer cwby!
21．What des the underlined wrd “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-ders.B．heres.C．a(chǎn)ttackers.D．victims.
22．What can we learn abut white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cwby mvies.
B．They d everything t safeguard peple’s infrmatin.
C．They legally use their prfessinal skills t help peple.
D．They find vulnerabilities fr persnal gain withut ding harm.
23．Peple skilled in cmputer and netwrk can’t be tp white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they bey the law
B．they identify security weak pints
C．they take measures t stp serius lsses
D．they build their wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpanies
24．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T teach us hw t stay secure nline.
B．T tell us hw t be tp white hackers.
C．T warn us f the dangers f cyberattacks.
D．T intrduce defenders f the digital wrld.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是在數(shù)字時(shí)代充分利用黑客技能來(lái)捍衛(wèi)數(shù)字世界安全的“白帽黑客”。
21．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞前的“In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. (在當(dāng)今的數(shù)字時(shí)代，這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊每天都會(huì)發(fā)生數(shù)千次。黑客可以從世界任何地方竊取金錢(qián)、信息，或者完全控制一臺(tái)機(jī)器。)”可知，在當(dāng)今數(shù)字時(shí)代，很多黑客從世界的任何期房竊取金錢(qián)、信息或者是控制一臺(tái)機(jī)器，由此可知，黑客作者一些不好的事情，結(jié)合hwever可知，劃線(xiàn)單詞所在的句子表示的內(nèi)容與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以此處表示的是不是所有的黑客都是做不好的事情的人，由此可知，劃線(xiàn)單詞的意思與“做不好事情的人”的意義相近，A項(xiàng)“evil-ders”（作惡者）與其意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“White hat hackers nly seek vulnerabilities legally, ften wrking n pen-surce sftware r with authrized access t systems. Once these weak spts are identified, cmpanies r individuals can take steps t prevent serius breaches and lsses. (白帽黑客只通過(guò)合法途徑尋找漏洞，他們通常利用開(kāi)源軟件或獲得系統(tǒng)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)權(quán)限。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些弱點(diǎn)，公司或個(gè)人就可以采取措施防止嚴(yán)重的違規(guī)和損失。)”可知，白帽黑客一般都是采用合法的途徑進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，去發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的弱點(diǎn)，以便采取措施防止嚴(yán)重的違規(guī)和損失，由此可知，白帽黑客是合法地使用他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能來(lái)幫助人們。故選C項(xiàng)。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many f the wrld’s tp white hat hackers began their jurneys n the wrng side f the law.(世界上許多頂級(jí)的白帽黑客都是從違法開(kāi)始他們的旅程的。)”可知，很多頂級(jí)的白帽黑客都是從違法開(kāi)始自己的旅程，由此可知，精通計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人不可能成為頂級(jí)白帽黑客的前提是要遵守法律，否則就會(huì)成為違法者。故選A項(xiàng)。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. (在當(dāng)今的數(shù)字時(shí)代，這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊每天都會(huì)發(fā)生數(shù)千次。黑客可以從世界任何地方竊取金錢(qián)、信息，或者完全控制一臺(tái)機(jī)器。)”可知，在當(dāng)今數(shù)字時(shí)代，黑客經(jīng)常攻擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，做一些危害世界人們的事情，結(jié)合下文中的“”Hwever, nt all hackers are villains.(然而，并非所有黑客都是壞人。)以及下文介紹的白帽黑客的特點(diǎn)以及在保護(hù)數(shù)字世界安全方面的作用可知，本文的目的是介紹數(shù)字世界安全的捍衛(wèi)者——白帽黑客。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·四川達(dá)州·二模）With the cean cvering mre than 70% f the Earth’s surface, the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended n snar (聲吶) technlgies t understand and map the sea flr which had charted nly abut 10% f the wrld’s cean. Fr the cean and castal waters in the US, the number is just arund 35%.
We knw less abut ur planet’s cean than what we knw abut the far side f the mn r the surface f Mars. Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships t recharge cameras r bserved with a camera tied t a ship t slve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable fr lng-term bservatins.
Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken a majr step t irn ut this prblem by develping a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that culd harvest energy underwater n its wn fr lng perids.
T keep pwer cnsumptin as lw as pssible, the researchers used ff-the-shelf, ultra-lw-pwer imaging sensrs. The device takes clr phts, even in dark underwater envirnments, and sends image data wirelessly thrugh the water.
The camera is pwered by sund. It changes mechanical energy frm sund waves traveling thrugh water int electrical energy that pwers its imaging and cmmunicatins equipment. After getting and encding image data, the camera als uses sund waves t send the data t a receiver that recnstructs the image. Thse sund waves culd cme frm any surce, like a passing ship r marine life. As it desn’t need a pwer surce, the camera culd run fr weeks n end befre getting it back, enabling scientists t search remte parts f the cean fr new species.
Nw that researchers have demnstrated a wrking prttype (原型), they plan t enhance the device s it is practical in real-wrld settings. Fr future applicatin, these cameras may be used t take images f cean pllutin and create mre accurate mdels t mnitr climate change t better understand hw climate change impacts the underwater wrld, and advance varius undersea scientific fields.
25．What d the data in paragraph 1 mainly shw?
A．Undersea explratin is pr in the US.
B．Much f the planet’s cean remains unexplred.
C．The mapping f the sea flr is time-cnsuming.
D．Technlgy develpment matters a lt t sea bservatin.
26．What limits the researchers’ undersea explratin accrding t the text?
A．The cmplexity f the sea envirnment.
B．The cncern abut ptential sea pllutin.
C．The shrtage f investment in cean explratin.
D．The inability t effectively pwer underwater cameras.
27．What des the underlined phrase “irn ut” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Overcme.B．Face.
C．Analyze.D．Illustrate.
28．Which f the fllwing can best describe the MIT underwater camera?
A．Secure and stable.B．Expensive but effective.
C．Impractical but advanced.D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)了一種將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力的無(wú)線(xiàn)水下相機(jī)。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段“With the cean cvering mre than 70% f the Earth’s surface, the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended n snar (聲吶) technlgies t understand and map the sea flr which had charted nly abut 10% f the wrld’s cean. Fr the cean and castal waters in the US, the number is just arund 35%.(由于海洋覆蓋了地球表面的70%以上，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局表示，科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制海底地圖，而海底地圖只占世界海洋面積的10%左右。對(duì)于美國(guó)的海洋和沿海水域，這一數(shù)字僅為35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面積的70%，而科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制的海底地圖只占10%左右，美國(guó)海域，這一數(shù)字也只占35%左右，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故選B項(xiàng)。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera.(缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。)”可知，缺乏對(duì)海洋觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難，由此可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索。故選D項(xiàng)。
27．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera.(缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。)”可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索，結(jié)合畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken a majr step(最近，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步)”可知，就這個(gè)問(wèn)題麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步。結(jié)合畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)后的“by develping a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that culd harvest energy underwater n its wn fr lng perids.(他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種無(wú)需電池的無(wú)線(xiàn)水下相機(jī)，這種相機(jī)可以在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量。)”可知，他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種無(wú)需電池的無(wú)線(xiàn)水下相機(jī)，這種相機(jī)能在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員應(yīng)該是在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題方面邁出了重要的一步，所以畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)與“解決”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The camera is pwered by sund. It changes mechanical energy frm sund waves traveling thrugh water int electrical energy that pwers its imaging and cmmunicatins equipment.(這臺(tái)攝像機(jī)是由聲音驅(qū)動(dòng)的。它將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。)”可知，該攝像機(jī)將聲波轉(zhuǎn)化成電能為成像和通信提供動(dòng)力，由此可知，該相機(jī)可以自給自足，結(jié)合下文中的“As it desn’t need a pwer surce, the camera culd run fr weeks n end befre getting it back, enabling scientists t search remte parts f the cean fr new species.(由于它不需要電源，相機(jī)可以連續(xù)運(yùn)行數(shù)周才返回，使科學(xué)家能夠在海洋的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)尋找新物種。)”可知，這種攝像機(jī)不需要電源，所以可以節(jié)約能源。綜合以上信息，該攝像機(jī)既可以自給自足又能節(jié)約能源。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·山東泰安·二模）When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight int language evlutin, linguists say.
Fr instance, “Vams de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “l(fā)et’s g and party”, but it’s nt a phrase yu’ll find in any dictinary. It’s a remix f Spanish and English wrds seasned with an in-jke abut punching the air as yu dance.
“Our language has always been a very big indicatr f ur cultural pride,” says Munz, whse parents migrated frm Mexic t San Antni, Texas, in the 1990s. Arund 66% f the city's ppulatin identify as Hispanic r Latin/Latina. Fr Munz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but als in mixing the languages int the hybrid knwn as Spanglish.
The evlutin f Spanglish has been dcumented fr decades, with each generatin adding its unique twist. Nw a grwing bdy f research, as well as the experiences f bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的) speakers like Munz, shws just hw deeply English and Spanish are influencing each ther in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish, but als, transfrming the underlying languages.
Fr the past decade, Carter and his clleagues have studied language change in Miami, a city where sme 72% identify as Latin r Hispanic and which is strngly shaped by histrical migratin frm Cuba. Their research dcuments the emergence f a distinct “Miami English” dialect as a result f that Spanish-language heritage.
The Spanish influence has als shwn up in ways peple may nt immediately ntice, such as sunds like the “” in “bt” being prnunced in a mre Spanish-style way in Miami, mre like the Spanish “u” vwel, accrding t separate research by Carter, Lydda Lpez Valdez at the University f Miami and Nandi Sims at Ohi State University.
“This is the wrk f language change, this is the wrk f dialect frmatin, this is hw it happens. It happens in things that are really nticeable, like the phrase ‘get dwn frm the car’, but it als happens in really slight ways,” he says.
29．Why is an example intrduced in Paragraph 2?
A．T illustrate the language innvatin.
B．T explain the advantage f Spanish.
C．T highlight the mix f Spanish and English.
D．T prve the enrichment f English vcabulary.
30．What can be inferred frm Munz and her friends?
A．Spanish and English are interrelating.
B．Mixing tw languages is cmplicated.
C．Languages dminate cultural develpment.
D．Bilingualists tend t bserve their wn culture.
31．What des Carter intend t cnvey?
A．Dialects evlve flexibly and frequently.
B．Spanish pssesses mre sunds than English.
C．Phrases are changing mre slwly than befre.
D．Language change is prgressive and dynamic.
32．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Researchers are Studying Languages.
B．Hw Mdem English is Changing Glbally.
C．Hw a Generatin is Reinventing Spanglish.
D．Hw Spanglish is Influencing American Culture
【答案】29．A 30．A 31．D 32．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Spanglish（西班牙語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的混合語(yǔ)）的形成和演變，特別是新一代人是如何重新創(chuàng)造Spanglish的。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight int language evlutin, linguists say.(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家說(shuō)，當(dāng)西班牙語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)相遇時(shí)，新的方言就會(huì)出現(xiàn)，讓我們實(shí)時(shí)了解語(yǔ)言的演變。)”和文章第二段“Fr instance, “Vams de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “l(fā)et’s g and party”, but it’s nt a phrase yu’ll find in any dictinary. It’s a remix f Spanish and English wrds seasned with an in-jke abut punching the air as yu dance.(例如，“Vams de punches punches punches”，Yamilet Munz給她在得克薩斯州奧斯汀的朋友們發(fā)了這條短信。這句話(huà)的意思是“讓我們?nèi)ヅ蓪?duì)”，但這不是你在任何字典里都能找到的短語(yǔ)。這是西班牙語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)單詞的混合體，并帶有一個(gè)關(guān)于跳舞時(shí)揮拳的玩笑。)”可知，第二段中引入一個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng)新。故選A。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Fr Munz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but als in mixing the languages int the hybrid knwn as Spanglish. (對(duì)于穆尼奧斯和她的朋友們來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)是一件很驕傲的事，但同時(shí)也為將兩種語(yǔ)言混合成一種被稱(chēng)為西班牙式英語(yǔ)的混合體而感到自豪。)”和文章第四段“Nw a grwing bdy f research, as well as the experiences f bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的) speakers like Munz, shws just hw deeply English and Spanish are influencing each ther in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish, but als, transfrming the underlying languages.(現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的研究，以及像穆尼奧斯這樣的雙語(yǔ)使用者的經(jīng)歷，表明英語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)在美國(guó)是多么深刻地相互影響，產(chǎn)生了像西班牙式英語(yǔ)這樣的混合方言，同時(shí)也改變了基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)言。)”可推知，Munz和她的朋友們?cè)谡f(shuō)話(huà)中混合使用西班牙語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)，這表明兩種語(yǔ)言是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選A。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““This is the wrk f language change, this is the wrk f dialect frmatin, this is hw it happens. It happens in things that are really nticeable, like the phrase ‘get dwn frm the car’, but it als happens in really slight ways,” he says.(“這是語(yǔ)言變化的成果，這是方言形成的成果，這就是它是如何發(fā)生的。它會(huì)發(fā)生在一些非常明顯的事情中，比如‘從車(chē)?yán)锵聛?lái)’，但它也會(huì)以非常輕微的方式發(fā)生，”他說(shuō)。)”可推知，Carter想要傳達(dá)的是語(yǔ)言變化是漸進(jìn)的和動(dòng)態(tài)的。故選D。
32．主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了Spanglish（西班牙語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的混合語(yǔ)）的形成和演變，特別是新一代人是如何重新創(chuàng)造Spanglish的。文章中提到，當(dāng)西班牙語(yǔ)遇到英語(yǔ)時(shí)，新的方言就會(huì)出現(xiàn)，這為我們提供了語(yǔ)言演變的實(shí)時(shí)洞察。文章還通過(guò)Yamilet Munz的例子，展示了Spanglish是如何在年輕人中流行的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種語(yǔ)言混合現(xiàn)象在文化和身份認(rèn)同中的重要性。因此，文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)“Hw a Generatin is Reinventing Spanglish”，即“一代人是如何重新創(chuàng)造Spanglish的”。故選C。
（2024·山東泰安·二模）A new frm f real estate is ppping up alng the beaches f Suth Africa, which are just big enugh t fit a family f African penguins. Their unique selling pint: a safe and cl place fr penguins t breed (繁殖).
Histrically, the penguins dug hles in layers f guan (鳥(niǎo)糞), but in the 19th century, traders started selling guan as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly expsed t predatrs (捕食者) and the burning sun. This has caused African penguin ppulatins t decrease. That’s why cnservatinists have cme t the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Prject (APNP), which aims t emply artificial nests t prvide penguin parents a safe and shaded place t raise their chicks.
While guan trade petered ut by the late 1800s, recreating the layers that accumulated ver thusands f years isn’t an ptin, because seabird ppulatins have declined s much ver time and it wuld take arund 600 years t prduce ne usable guan layer. Hence, the prject decided t build artificial nests. At first glance, they lk fairly simple--a dmed structure made frm tw mlded shells f fabric cated in ceramic slurry (陶瓷漿料),with a small entrance measuring abut 20 centimeters wide.
Getting the right temperature and dampness inside the nest was the tughest and mst crucial part. The tw-layer design and ventilatin hles (通風(fēng)孔) create an air cnditining effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping t maintain an interir temperature f less than 35 degrees Celsius.
The prject started t use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter f minutes, penguins were running int them,” says Graham, crdinatr f APNP. “That tells yu hw desperate they are fr any pprtunity t find a safe place t nest. Hwever, ppulatin recvery relies n mre than merely giving African penguins a safe place t breed. It’s nt simply a case f ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has t be mre.”
33．What d we knw abut artificial nests?
A．They functin better than natural nests.
B．They are designed and built scientifically.
C．They are unique attractins f Suth Africa.
D．They are equipped with mini air-cnditiners.
34．What is the gal f APNP?
A．T raise mney t preserve penguins.
B．T prmte the sale f artificial nests.
C．T help penguins fight against diseases.
D．T prvide habitable shelters fr penguins.
35．What des the underlined phrase “petered ut” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．turned upB．dried utC．faded awayD．fell apart
36．Which f the fllwing statements might Graham agree with?
A．Penguins breed mre chicks in safer places.
B．Varius cnservatin effrts need be cmbined.
C．Artificial nests have achieved the desired effect.
D．Artificial nests shuld be applied t ther species.
【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在南非海灘上為非洲企鵝建立的人工巢穴項(xiàng)目，旨在通過(guò)科普的方式闡述該項(xiàng)目的背景、人工巢穴的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)及其對(duì)企鵝保護(hù)的意義。文中包含了對(duì)現(xiàn)象的描述、項(xiàng)目目的的說(shuō)明、設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)的解釋以及項(xiàng)目實(shí)施效果的簡(jiǎn)要反饋。
33．推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“The tw-layer design and ventilatin hles (通風(fēng)孔) create an air cnditining effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping t maintain an interir temperature f less than 35 degrees Celsius. (雙層設(shè)計(jì)和通風(fēng)口創(chuàng)造了空調(diào)效果，而白色油漆反射陽(yáng)光，有助于保持室內(nèi)溫度低于35攝氏度。)”可知，它們是經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和建造的。故選B項(xiàng)。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“That’s why cnservatinists have cme t the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Prject (APNP), which aims t emply artificial nests t prvide penguin parents a safe and shaded place t raise their chicks. (這就是為什么自然資源保護(hù)主義者發(fā)起了非洲企鵝巢項(xiàng)目（APNP），該項(xiàng)目旨在利用人工鳥(niǎo)巢為企鵝父母提供一個(gè)安全、陰涼的地方來(lái)?yè)狃B(yǎng)他們的孩子。)”可知，APNP的目標(biāo)是為企鵝提供可居住的庇護(hù)所。故選D項(xiàng)。
35．詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三段中的“recreating the layers that accumulated ver thusands f years isn’t an ptin, because seabird ppulatins have declined s much ver time and it wuld take arund 600 years t prduce ne usable guan layer. (重建幾千年來(lái)積累的鳥(niǎo)糞層是不可能的，因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移，海鳥(niǎo)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了很多，而產(chǎn)生一個(gè)可用的鳥(niǎo)糞層需要大約600年的時(shí)間。)”可知，重新創(chuàng)造歷史上積累了幾千年的鳥(niǎo)糞層是不可能的，因?yàn)檫@需要大約600年的時(shí)間才能產(chǎn)生一層可用的鳥(niǎo)糞層。鳥(niǎo)糞貿(mào)易在19世紀(jì)后期逐漸消失，petered ut應(yīng)該指的是“逐漸減少或消失了”。A. turned up出現(xiàn)；B. dried ut干涸；C. faded away逐漸消失；D. fell apart分崩離析。故選C項(xiàng)。
36．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“The prject started t use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter f minutes, penguins were running int them,” says Graham, crdinatr f APNP. “That tells yu hw desperate they are fr any pprtunity t find a safe place t nest. Hwever, ppulatin recvery relies n mre than merely giving African penguins a safe place t breed. It’s nt simply a case f ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has t be mre.” (該項(xiàng)目于2018年底開(kāi)始使用這些巢穴?！皫追昼娭畠?nèi)，企鵝就撞上了它們，”APNP協(xié)調(diào)員格雷厄姆說(shuō)?！斑@告訴你它們是多么渴望找到一個(gè)安全的地方筑巢。然而，數(shù)量的恢復(fù)不僅僅依賴(lài)于給非洲企鵝一個(gè)安全的繁殖場(chǎng)所。這不是簡(jiǎn)單的‘我們給它們一個(gè)巢穴，這個(gè)物種就得救了’。必須有更多?！?”可知，Graham認(rèn)為僅僅為非洲企鵝提供安全的繁殖地并不足以恢復(fù)其種群數(shù)量，還需要更多的保護(hù)措施。因此，Graham可能會(huì)同意的觀點(diǎn)是選項(xiàng)B“Varius cnservatin effrts need be cmbined. (各種保護(hù)努力需要結(jié)合在一起)”。故選B項(xiàng)。
（2024·湖北武漢·三模）Scientists have fund a way t decde (解碼) a stream f wrds in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system recnstructs the main pint f what a persn hears r imagines, rather than trying t cpy each wrd, a team reprts.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the wrds, the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an authr f the study.”
Previus effrts t decde language have relied n sensrs placed directly n the surface f the brain. The sensrs detect signals in areas invlved in expressing wrds. But the Texas team’s apprach is an attempt t “decde mre freefrm thught,” says Marcel Just, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University.
The new study came abut as part f an effrt t understand hw the brain prcesses language. Researchers had three peple spend up t 16 hurs each in a functinal MRI scanner which detects signs f activity acrss the brain. Participants wre headphnes that streamed audi frm the Internet. Thse streams f wrds prduced activity all ver the brain, nt just in areas assciated with speech and language. After participants listened t hurs f stries in the scanner, the MRI data was sent t a cmputer. It learned t match specific patterns f brain activity with certain streams f wrds. Then came a paraphrased versin f what a participant heard.
The MRI apprach is currently slwer and less accurate than an experimental cmmunicatin system being develped fr paralyzed peple, where peple get a sheet f electrical sensrs implanted directly n the surface f the brain. With an MRI-based system, n ne has t get surgery.
But future versins f MRI scans culd raise mral questins. “What if yu can read ut the wrd that smebdy is just thinking in their head? That’s ptentially a harmful thing.” Huth says. This technlgy can’t really read minds uncntrllably, thugh. It nly wrks when a participant is actively cperating with scientists. Still, systems that decde language culd smeday supprt peple wh are unable t speak because f a brain injury r disease. They are als assisting scientists in understanding hw the brain prcesses wrds and thughts.
37．What is special abut the Texas team’s study?
A．Brain can be recnstructed.B．Expressin can be perfected.
C．Meanings can be cmprehended.D．Sensr signals can be imprved.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f an experiment.B．Patterns f brain activity.
C．Steps f wrd matching.D．The way f speech decding.
39．What can be implied abut MRI scans frm the last paragraph?
A．They are a duble-edged swrd.B．They are ptentially harmful t life.
C．They are helpful t treat brain disease.D．They are well wrth researching.
40．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Decder That Can Read Yur MindB．MRI Scanner: Raise a mral questin
C．MRI Scanner: Still a Lng Way t GD．A Decder That Can Cnvey Meaning
【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家通過(guò)核磁共振掃描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大腦中的單詞流，這項(xiàng)新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言。
37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中““It’s getting at the ideas behind the wrds, the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an authr f the study.” (該研究的作者之一亞歷山大·胡特說(shuō)：“這是在理解單詞背后的意思?！?”和第二段“Previus effrts t decde language have relied n sensrs placed directly n the surface f the brain. The sensrs detect signals in areas invlved in expressing wrds. But the Texas team’s apprach is an attempt t “decde mre freefrm thught,” says Marcel Just, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University. (以前解碼語(yǔ)言的努力依賴(lài)于直接放置在大腦表面的傳感器。傳感器檢測(cè)與表達(dá)單詞有關(guān)的區(qū)域的信號(hào)。但卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授馬塞爾·賈斯特說(shuō)，德克薩斯團(tuán)隊(duì)的方法是試圖“解碼更多自由形式的思想”)”可知，德克薩斯研究小組的研究的特別之處是：?jiǎn)卧~背后的意思可以被理解。故選C。
38．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“The new study came abut as part f an effrt t understand hw the brain prcesses language. Researchers had three peple spend up t 16 hurs each in a functinal MRI scanner which detects signs f activity acrss the brain. Participants wre headphnes that streamed audi frm the Internet. Thse streams f wrds prduced activity all ver the brain, nt just in areas assciated with speech and language. After participants listened t hurs f stries in the scanner, the MRI data was sent t a cmputer. It learned t match specific patterns f brain activity with certain streams f wrds. Then came a paraphrased versin f what a participant heard. (這項(xiàng)新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言。研究人員讓三個(gè)人每人花16個(gè)小時(shí)在功能性核磁共振掃描儀上，以檢測(cè)大腦活動(dòng)的跡象。參與者戴著耳機(jī)，播放來(lái)自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的音頻。這些單詞流在整個(gè)大腦中產(chǎn)生活動(dòng)，而不僅僅是與語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)言相關(guān)的區(qū)域。參與者在掃描儀中聽(tīng)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的故事后，核磁共振成像數(shù)據(jù)被發(fā)送到電腦上。它學(xué)會(huì)了將特定的大腦活動(dòng)模式與特定的詞匯流相匹配。然后是參與者聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容的釋義版本)”可知，第三段的描寫(xiě)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程。故選A。
39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Still, systems that decde language culd smeday supprt peple wh are unable t speak because f a brain injury r disease. They are als assisting scientists in understanding hw the brain prcesses wrds and thughts. (盡管如此，解碼語(yǔ)言的系統(tǒng)有一天可能會(huì)幫助那些因腦損傷或疾病而無(wú)法說(shuō)話(huà)的人。它們還幫助科學(xué)家了解大腦是如何處理文字和思想的)”可知，核磁共振掃描非常值得研究。故選D。
40．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“Scientists have fund a way t decde (解碼) a stream f wrds in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. (科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，通過(guò)核磁共振掃描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大腦中的單詞流)”可知，文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家通過(guò)核磁共振掃描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大腦中的單詞流，這項(xiàng)新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“A Decder That Can Read Yur Mind (一個(gè)能讀懂你的心的解碼器)”最符合題意。故選A。

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