
Unit 7 Natural Disasters 知識講解
目錄:
一、單元思維導(dǎo)圖
二、考點清單解讀
I.單詞背記及拓展
II詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
1.discuss(v.) (n.) 2prmte(v.) (n.)
3.smg(n.) (adj.) 4.pllute (v.) (n.)
5.rain.(n.) (adj.) 6.change(v.) (adj.)
7.frequently(adv.) (adj.) 8.activity(n.) (adj.)
9.lvely (adj.) (v.) 10.imptance(n.) (adj.)
11.agree(n.) (反義詞) 12.naturally(adv.) (adj.) (n.)
13.develpment(n.) (adj.) (v.) 14.lucky(adj.) (n.) (adv.)
1.discuss(v.)discussin(n.) 2prmte(v.) prmtin (n.)
3.smg(n.) smggy (adj.) 4.pllute (v.) pllutin (n.)
5.rain.(n.) rainy (adj.) 6.change(v.)changeable (adj.)
7.frequently(adv.) frequent(adj.) 8.activity(n.)active(adj.)
9.lvely (adj.) lve(v.) 10.imptance(n.)imprtant (adj.)
11.agree(n.) disagree (反義詞) 12.naturally(adv.) natural (adj.) nature (n.)
13.develpment(n.) develped develping (adj.) develp (v.)
14.lucky(adj.) luck (n.) luckily (adv.)
III.重點短語
1. frce sb . t d sth .強迫某人做某事; 2.prevent frm 阻止;
3.prtect frm 保護(hù): 4.make a change 做出改變
5.t much 太多; 6.decide t d sth .決定去做某事;
7.agree with 同意; 8.pay attentin t 注意;
9.be enugh t d 足夠……; 10.t … t d 太……而不能……;
11.as well as 同……一樣; 12.lead t 通向,導(dǎo)致
13.heat waves 熱浪 14.acid rain.酸雨
15.electric car 電車
IV.句型整理
1. My flight is delayed due t the flds .我的航班因為水災(zāi)取消了。
1)delay 延遲、推遲,在句中作謂語,采用一般現(xiàn)在時和被動語態(tài);
withut delay毫不耽擱 ; 立即 ; Flight Delay班機(jī)延誤 delay ding sth 延遲做某事,
D it withut (any) delay! 馬上做, 不得延誤!
Dn't delay t lng. 別拖太長時間。
2)due t 由于,因為:表示某事發(fā)生的原因或原因結(jié)果關(guān)系。t 是介詞
Many f the natural disasters are due t the envirnmental damages caused by human activities. 許多自然災(zāi)害是由于人類活動造成的環(huán)境破壞。
詞義辨析
thanks t, because f, due t “由于”,
thanks t 突出一種感激之情,含“多虧”意味。
Thanks t yur help,we can finish the task in time。
because f 著重某種原因的理由,在句中通常作狀語。應(yīng)用最廣,也更口語化。
Because f his wife’s being there,I said nthing abut it.
因為他妻子在場,我對此事只字未提。
due t 用于較莊重的書面語中,側(cè)重“起因于”,在句中多作表語,有時作狀語。
做狀語時一般不置于句首,也可以做表語和定語。
Yur failure is due t negligence.你的失敗是由于疏忽所造成的。
2.These natural disasters have caused great damage t ur life .
這些自然災(zāi)害給我們的生活造成了的很大損失。
cause damage t …對…造成損壞,帶來損害。
cause great damage t 給造成了很大的損失
The strm caused great damage t the crps. 這場風(fēng)暴給莊稼造成了很大的損害。
are caused by human activities是由人類活動導(dǎo)致的
3.It ' s lucky that peple have decided t make a change .幸運的是,人類決定作出改變。
It is lucky that humans have realized the imprtance f sustainable develpment as well as the envirnmental prtectin , and things are getting better .幸運的是,人類已經(jīng)意識到可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性,情況也正在好轉(zhuǎn)。
1) It ' s lucky that …幸運的是……
that 引導(dǎo)主語從句,it是形式主語。it’s lucky that 做某事是幸運的
2)make a change 進(jìn)行改變,做出改變
we shuld make sme changes t the envirnment, and the number f such disasters is sure t reduce.
3)" as well as "意為"和……一樣"。
3.It is what we shuld d right nw . 我們現(xiàn)在的確應(yīng)該行動起來。
" It ' s what we shuld d right nw "是由" what "關(guān)系代詞所引導(dǎo)的表語從句;
what we shuld d 我們所應(yīng)該做的事,我們所應(yīng)該做的
4.And the mst imprtant thing is hw we can have mre peple jin us .
而且,最重要的是如何才能讓更多的人加入我們。
1)hw we can have mre peple jin us "是由" hw "連接副詞所引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
2)jin us 加入我們,聯(lián)系我們 jin in 參加
jin up 聯(lián)合起來 ; 聯(lián)結(jié)起來
5. If mre peple wrk tgether , it ' ll be pssible fr us t prtect ur earth and make it a safe and lvely place t live in .
如果更多的人一起努力,我們就可以保護(hù)我們的地球,讓它成為一個安全又可愛的居所。
1) it is pssible t d sth 有可能做……,
2) it is pssible fr sb t d sth 對某人而言有可能做……。
3)If mre peple wrk tgether, if引導(dǎo) 條件狀語從句,“主將從現(xiàn)”
6.I thught yu were ging t Thailand this mrning.
我意為你今天上午去泰國了。
7. It seems there have been mre flds these years than befre.
這些年水災(zāi)似乎比以前發(fā)生得更多了。
It seems (that )意思是 “看起來好像”,例如:
It seems that he is nt quite himself tday. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。
也可以寫成 He seems t be nt quite himself tday.
8.I agree with yu. 我同意你的看法。
辨析:
agree with ,agree t ,agree n
agree with + 人:同意某人的話
I wn't agree with yu.
也可加“意見,觀點”,但是不承擔(dān)后面的具體動作。
如: I agree with what he said.
I agree with yu in thinking that the plan is unpractical.
我同意你的看法:這個計劃不實際。 這里的“我”都與后面的動作/事無關(guān)。
另外,agree with還可以表示符合,適合:
Spicy fd des nt agree with me. 辛辣食物不合我的胃口。(吃了不舒服。)
His wrds d nt agree with his actin.他的言行不一致。
agree t + 動詞:同意做...
I agree t tell him the truth. He has agreed t cme.
加意見看法時,暗指同意并且會承擔(dān)后面的動作:
We agreed t the new plan.
我們同意這個新計劃。(而且我們還要實施這個計劃。)
agree n + n. 對...意見一致。
We agree n this cunt. 在這一點上,我們的意見一致。
9. It is knwn that sandstrms are caused naturally by strng winds blwing ver lse sil r sand .眾所周知,沙塵暴是由強風(fēng)吹過松散的土壤或沙子引起的自然現(xiàn)象。
1) it is knwn that …眾所周知",
同類句子還有 it is said / believed/reprted/thught that …;
2)blwing ver 在此句中為動名詞,而非現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。
10. Experts tie the prblem t the rapid urban develpment , and cutting dwn trees is anther reasn which is largely due t human activities .
專家們認(rèn)為這個問題與城市的快速發(fā)展有密切的關(guān)系。另一個原因是砍伐樹木,也是由人類活動造成的。
" cutting dwn trees "為動名詞短語作主語," which "所引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾" reasn "。
11. Tday we are grwing t fast t remember the imprtance f sustainable develpment fr bth nature and ur human wrld .如今,我們發(fā)展得太快,以至于忘記了可持續(xù)發(fā)展對自然和人類世界的重要性。
" t … t …"意為"太……而沒有……",表示否定。
I am t tiered t say a wrd。 我累的一句話都不想說了。
The bag is t heavy fr her t carry it。這個袋子太重了她拿不動。
12. Peple are advised t use electric cars and public transprtatin.
建議人們使用電動汽車和公共交通工具。(典型的被動語態(tài))
Be advised t d sth 被建議做某事
Advise sb t d sth 建議某人做某事
Advise ding sth 建議做某事
13.We are prmting the use f green energy , planting mre trees and trying t stp glbal warming .
我們正在推廣使用綠色能源,種植更多的樹木,從而嘗試阻止全球變暖。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
" prmting "" planting "和" trying "在句中和 be 動詞一起作謂語。
14.There are mre and mre discussins n natural disasters in recent years.
近年來,關(guān)于自然災(zāi)害的討論越來越多。
15.Experts tie the prblem t the rapid urban develpment, and cutting dwn trees is anther reasn which is largely due t human activities.
專家將這個問題與城市的快速發(fā)展聯(lián)系起來,而砍伐樹木是另一個主要由人類活動造成的原因。
16.Glbal cncern abut natural disasters is prbably at an all-time high.
全球?qū)ψ匀粸?zāi)害的關(guān)注可能達(dá)到了空前的高度
17.One area that needs t change is transprtatin.
需要改變的一個領(lǐng)域是交通。
that needs t change是One area的定語從句。
V.語法要點 名詞性從句 (主語從句和表語從句)
一、名詞性從句的三類連詞
名詞性從句包括主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句和同位語從句。根據(jù)這些從句的共同特性,名詞性從句的連詞主要可以分成三類:that, if/ whether和wh-(疑問詞)。
1.如果一個陳述句被用來作為另一個句子的主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那么我們一般要用that作為連詞。that本身在句子中沒有意思,只起連接作用。
eg. 陳述句:Science is develping very fast.
主語從句:It is knwn t all that science is develping very fast.
表語從句:The fact is that science is develping very fast.
賓語從句:Everyne knws that science is develping very fast.
同位語從句:The fact that science is develping very fast is knwn t all.
2.如果一個一般疑問句被用來作為另一個句子的主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那么我們要用whether或if作為連詞。whether/ if在句子中的意思是“是否”。變成名詞性從句后,原來的疑問句的詞序要改成陳述句的詞序(主語+謂語)。
eg. 一般疑問句:Shall we have a meeting this afternn?
主語從句:Whether we shall have a meeting this afternn hasn’t been decided yet.
或:It hasn’t been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternn.
表語從句:The questin is whether we shall have a meeting this afternn.
賓語從句:D yu knw whether we shall have a meeting this afternn?
同位語從句:Nne f us can answer the questin f whether we shall have a meeting this afternn.
注意:原來的疑問句詞序在從句中都被改變成陳述句的詞序,
復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點符號由主句的句型決定。
3.語序問題:如果一個特殊疑問句被用來作為另一個句子主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那么我們就保留原來的疑問詞作為連詞,這些疑問詞的意思也保留在從句中。變成名詞性從句之后,原來的疑問句的詞序要改成陳述句的詞序(主語+謂語)
eg. 特殊疑問句:Why did the water becme smelly?
主語從句:Why the water became smelly must be fund ut immediately.
表語從句:The prblem is why the water became smelly.
賓語從句:Scientists are trying t find ut why the water became smelly.
同位語從句:Scientists are trying t slve the prblem f why the water became smelly.
此外,還要注意,當(dāng)特殊疑問句問的主語時,句子的詞序就是陳述句的詞序,如“Wh helped yu at that time?”“What happened t him later?”"What’s the matter with yu?”"What’s wrng with the cmputer?”,所以這些句子如充當(dāng)名詞性從句時,詞序就不用再變了。
eg. I dn’t knw what’s wrng with the cmputer.
二、主語從句
eg. That she will g with us is certain.
Whether he’s cming desn’t matter t much.
Wh will d the wrk makes n difference.
Is what he said really true?
It’s very clear that we’ll win this time.
1.連接主語從句的連詞that一般不能省略。
2.一般只能用whether,而不用if連接主語從句。
3.主語從句經(jīng)??梢杂胕t當(dāng)形式主語,而把從句放到后面。
4.用whever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句,與wh, what, which引導(dǎo)的從句的比較。
三、表語從句
eg. The truble is that I have frgtten her telephne number.
The questin is whether it is wrth ding.
That is what I am wrried abut.
1.連接表語從句的連詞that一般不省略。
2.一般只能用whether,而不用if連接表語從句。
3.表語從句有時也可以用as if, 或because引導(dǎo)。
eg. The girl lks as if she is ging t cry.
This is because everything that is wrth ding is wrth ding well.
注意,用because 引導(dǎo)表語從句,句子的注意一般是it, this, that等,
如果用The reasn作主語,那么后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。
eg. The reasn why he is absent tday is that he is ill.
四、賓語從句
eg. They pretended that they knew hw t weave the wnderful material.
I dn’t knw whether/ if he will attend the meeting.
Please tell me where yu bught this reference bk.
1.連接賓語從句的連詞that常省略。
2.可以用whether,也可以用if引導(dǎo)原本是一般疑問句的從句。但如果后面有r...或者r nt,還是選用whether。
3.如果賓語從句后面還有賓語補足語,經(jīng)常要用it作形式賓語,而把賓語從句放到補語的后面。
eg. All his friends thught it strange that he shuld be absent frm the pening ceremny.
We have made it a rule that we’ll clean ur rms every Saturday mrning.
4.如果主句動詞是過去時態(tài),那么賓語從句中的時態(tài)要作相應(yīng)的變化,特別是在間接引語中,除非從句中的內(nèi)容是“真理”,那就不用變化,保持現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
cg. He always thinks it is his duty t keep the huse clean.
He thught it was his duty t keep the huse clean.
The teacher tld us that water is cmpsed f xygen and hydrgen.
五、同位語從句
eg. The news that we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true.
He came t the decisin that he must act at nce.
I still have my dubt whether the business will d well.
N ne can answer the questin f wh first began t use fire.
1.同位語從句經(jīng)常跟在fact, news, hpe, truth, idea, suggestin, thught, questin, rder, prblem, belief, dubt, fear, questin, prblem等名詞之后,用來表明具體的內(nèi)容。
2.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:定語從句:對先行詞是修飾限制作用,同位語從句和先行詞是互相解釋的關(guān)系,同位語從句可以改寫成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
A) The infrmatin that the film star is seriusly ill is nt reliable. (同位語從句)
The infrmatin that yu gt frm the internet is nt reliable. (定語從句)
B) The news that she tld me is t gd t believe. (定語從句)
The news that I have been admitted int the university is t gd t believe. (同位語從句)
(The news isthat I have been admitted int the university。)
The infrmatin that the film star is seriusly ill is nt reliable. (同位語從句)
(The infrmatin is that the film star is seriusly ill .)
單詞聽寫表
Unit 7 Natural Disasters
1臺風(fēng) 2干旱
3洪水;水災(zāi) 4沙塵暴
5侵襲;撞擊 6頻繁地
7力量 8污染
9取消;撤銷 10損壞,傷害
11保護(hù) 12防止;阻止
13霧霾 14松的;不牢固的
15土地;土壤 16促進(jìn);提升
17城市的 18火山
19討論 20(風(fēng))吹
21將……聯(lián)結(jié) 22車輛;交通工具
23全球的 24可持續(xù)的
25認(rèn)識到 26確定地
27熱浪 28作出改變
29酸雨 30電動汽車
Unit 7 Natural Disasters
1.typhn 2.drught
3.fld 4.sandstrm
5.strike 6.frequently
7.frce 8.pllute
9.cancel 10.damage
11.prtect 12.prevent
13.smg 14.lse
15.sil 16.prmte
17.urban 18.vlcan
19.discussin 20.blw
21.tie 22.vehicle
23.glbal 24.sustainable
25.realize 26.definitely
27.eat waves 28.make a change
29.acid rain 30.electric car 單元思維導(dǎo)圖
知識講解
考點清單解讀
單詞背記及拓展
重點單詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
重點短語
句型整理
語法要點 名詞性從句
單詞聽寫表
Unit 7
Natural Disas-
ters
話題
Express attitudes t disasters;express pints f view
詞匯
strike,frequently,frce .damage .prtect .prevent .smg lse
sil,prmte .urban .vlcan .discussin .blw .tie .vehicle .glbal .
sustainable .realize .definitely
短語
heat waves .make a change .acid rain.electric car , frce sb . t d sth .
prevent frm ,t much ,decide t d sth ., agree with ,
pay attentin t ,; be enugh t d ,t … t d ,; as well as ,lead t
句式
1.I thught yu were ging t Thailand this mrning.
2.My flight is delayed due t the flds.
3. It seems there have been mre flds these years than befre.
4.These natural disasters have caused great damage t ur life.
5.It’s lucky that peple have decided t make a change.
6. It’s what we shuld d right nw.
7.I agree with yu.
8.If mre peple wrk tgether, it’ll be pssible fr us t prtect ur earth and make it a safe and lvely place t live in.
9.It is knwn that sandstrms are caused naturally by strng winds blwing ver lse sil r sand.
語法
名詞性從句-主語從句和表語從句
能力
能夠用英語表達(dá)自己對環(huán)境保護(hù)的積極態(tài)度。
重點單詞
詞匯拓展
strike v. 侵襲;撞擊
過去式: struck 過去分詞: struck/stricken 現(xiàn)在分詞: striking
第三人稱單數(shù): strikes
strike back : 回?fù)簦? strike in : 插嘴;
Typhns and flds strike mre frequently and with greater frce than befre.臺風(fēng)和洪水的襲擊比以前更頻繁,力量也更大。
frequently adv. 頻繁地;
frequent adj. 頻繁的;經(jīng)常的 vt. 常到;常去
frce n. 力量,軍隊;
v. 迫使;強迫;強制;
cme int frce 開始生效 =take effect
put int frce 生效,開始執(zhí)行
frce sb t d sth 強迫某人做某事
pllute v. 污染,弄臟
pllutin n. 污染;污染物 pllute sth with sth 污染,毀壞
pllute the envirnment 污染環(huán)境
cancel v. 取消;撤銷
cancel ut (使)平衡或抵消
The match had t be cancelled due t the bad weather.
比賽因天氣不好只得取消。
damage n.損壞,傷害
vt. 損害;毀壞
These natural disasters have caused great damage t ur life.
這些自然災(zāi)害對我們的生活造成了極大的破壞。
prtect v. 保護(hù),守護(hù),
prtectin n. 保護(hù);防衛(wèi)
prtect sb/sth against〔frm〕 sb/sth 保護(hù),保衛(wèi)
Yu shuld prtect the children frm the cld.
你們應(yīng)該保護(hù)孩子不讓其受凍。
prmte v. 促進(jìn);提升,
Prmtin n.提升
We are prmting the use f green energy, planting mre trees and trying t stp glbal warming.
我們正在推廣使用綠色能源,種植更多的樹木,從而嘗試阻止全球變暖。
urban adj. 城市的
urban areas 市區(qū) rural areas 鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)
discussin n. 討論
discuss v. 討論;論述;商量
discussin abut〔n, f〕 對某事進(jìn)行的討論
have a discussin 進(jìn)行討論 hld a discussin 進(jìn)行討論
blw v. (風(fēng))吹
現(xiàn)在分詞 blwing 過去式 blew 過去分詞 blwn
blw away 吹走;驅(qū)散 blw dwn 炸毀;吹倒
blw ver 平息;被淡忘;消散;停止
tie v. 將……聯(lián)結(jié),捆綁;
n. 繩;領(lǐng)帶;
tie sb/sth t sth 使被…束縛; 聯(lián)系
tie tgether (使)捆在一起; (使)聯(lián)系在一起
vehicle n. 車輛;交通工具
mtr vehicle 汽車;機(jī)動車輛 electric vehicle 電動車輛
glbal adj. 全球的,總的;球狀的
glbe n. 地球;地球儀;球體;世界
glbal village 地球村 glbal warming 全球氣候變暖...
glbal event 全球運動
sustainable adj. 可持續(xù)的
sustainable develpment 可持續(xù)發(fā)展
sustainable grwth 持續(xù)增長
realize v. 認(rèn)識到,實現(xiàn);了解;意識到;
realize aim 實現(xiàn)目標(biāo) realize danger 意識到危險
realize errr 認(rèn)識到錯誤
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