新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空滿分攻略考點(diǎn)5 生活常識(shí)和文化背景練考點(diǎn) 熟能生巧（2份打包，原卷版+教師版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
32. D考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們無助地坐在那里時(shí)，一個(gè)漁夫停了下來，扔給我們一根繩子并把我們拖了回來。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. dubtfully懷疑地；D. helplessly無助地。根據(jù)上文“We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.”可推知，此處指在天氣惡劣的情況下船無法啟動(dòng)了，作者與家人十分無助地坐著。故選D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rlled.
29. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
29. A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：狂風(fēng)大作，雷聲隆隆。A. wind風(fēng)；B. nise噪音；C. temperature溫度；D. speed速度。根據(jù)上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知，此處指大風(fēng)刮了起來。故選A。
3.【2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel affrdable.
22．A．gameB．serviceC．vacatinD．prcedure
22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這聽起來像是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而昂貴的假期，但這對(duì)夫婦有一種不同尋常的方式讓他們的旅行負(fù)擔(dān)得起。A. game游戲；B. service服務(wù)；C. vacatin假期；D. prcedure手續(xù)。結(jié)合上文可知Jessica在環(huán)球旅行，所以是假期。故選C。
【提示】25歲進(jìn)行為期2年的旅行，根據(jù)常識(shí)應(yīng)該是度假。不然25歲的年輕人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ】They’re part f a new frm f the sharing ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in strangers’ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
26．A．favrB．defenseC．hnrD．a(chǎn)bsence
26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們免費(fèi)住在陌生人家里的過程中，他們會(huì)在房主不在的時(shí)候喂寵物、給植物澆水。A. favr幫助；B. defense防御；C. hnr榮譽(yù)；D. absence缺席。根據(jù)上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的時(shí)候喂寵物、給植物澆水。故選D。
【提示】根據(jù)常識(shí)，只有主人不在家時(shí)，才能給他們澆花、為寵物。故選absence。
5.【2022·全國(guó)甲卷】Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
41. C它們的陪伴幾乎足以讓我遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。A. wnership所有權(quán)；B. membership會(huì)員；C. cmpaninship陪伴；D. leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文中的“Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. 多年來，我喜歡和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴著作者，讓作者遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。故選C。
【提示】養(yǎng)狗作伴遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)是常識(shí)。
6.【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny ( 兔子 ) cakes fr all its 42 thrughut Cleveland.
42．A．stresB．familiesC．schlsD．citizens
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stres商店；B. families家庭； C. schls學(xué)校；D. citizens市民。根據(jù)“thrughut Cleveland”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知這里指的是這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選A。
7.【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】Dad 53 . The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
53．A．criedB．smiledC．hesitatedD．refused
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：父親笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated猶豫； D. refused拒絕。根據(jù)“The sn f a grcer, he'd spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知父親看到我在第一次掙錢的經(jīng)歷中有所感悟和收獲，聯(lián)想到自己童年時(shí)類似的經(jīng)歷，父親會(huì)心的笑了。故選B。
8.【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】This was the srt f wrk that made yu 55 the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
55．A．withdrawB．dnateC．receiveD．a(chǎn)ppreciate
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，這種工作能讓你感激得到的報(bào)酬，并尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. dnate捐贈(zèng)； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)“the dllars yu earned”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知孩子們會(huì)感激并且非常珍惜自己勞動(dòng)得到的報(bào)酬。故選D。
9.【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.
21．A．studyingB．stayingC．lkingD．packing
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Burchill出差，當(dāng)時(shí)正在酒店收拾行李，準(zhǔn)備去拜訪當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┡笥?。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. lking看；D. packing包裝。根據(jù)“Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.”及生活常識(shí)可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，準(zhǔn)備去拜訪當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┡笥?，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故選D。
10.【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t 33 at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn, It was a real mess.
33．A．wake upB．get utC．take ffD．break in
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：它們沖到窗口，30或40只鳥都想同時(shí)出去，到處都是意大利香腸。A. wake up醒來；B. get ut出去；C. take ff起飛；D. break in闖入。根據(jù)“They rushed t the windw”及生活常識(shí)可知，鳥看到人類很害怕，想同時(shí)從窗戶逃出去。故選B。
11.【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】Older and wiser nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin (莽撞).
“I have matured and I admit respnsibility f my actins,” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 37 , t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
37．A．hands in pcketB．nse in the air
C．hat in handD．feet n the grund
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：我來找你，恭恭敬敬地，為我間接造成的傷害道歉并請(qǐng)求您重新考慮我被終身禁止入住酒店的決定。A. hands in pcket手放在口袋里； B. nse in the air目中無人；C. hat in hand畢恭畢敬地；D. feet n the grund腳踏實(shí)地。根據(jù)“t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”及生活常識(shí)可知，向別人道歉，應(yīng)該表明自己是畢恭畢敬地。故選C。
12. 【2021年1月浙江高考】But n the last night we were caught in a thunderstrm. I wke up at midnight t find a swimming pl in my tent. The temperature was clse t 31 . I had t spend the rest f the night trembling in the nly dry part f my tent.
31．A．bilingB．a(chǎn)verageC．nrmalD．freezing
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：溫度接近零度。A. biling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. nrmal正常的；D. freezing冰凍的。根據(jù)下文“trembling”得知溫度很低。故選D。
13. 【2020·海南卷】Pulling up t the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shting ut f a secnd-flr windw. Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines appraching Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
On the secnd flr, he 45 every apartment dr. "Get ut!" Grant shuted, N ne respnded and he assumed that peple had already escaped.
45. A. lcked B. kicked C. cunted D. repaired
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在二樓，他踢了每個(gè)公寓的門。A. lcked鎖；B. kicked踢；C. cunted計(jì)算；D. repaired修。根據(jù)上文可知，大樓著火了。格蘭特沖上樓去救火，所以踢門符合題意，是為了看里面是否有人。故選B。
14. 【2020·山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)】 The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek shelter during the daytime. He turned t the 29 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there.
29．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他向森林部門求助，但被告知那里什么也不長(zhǎng)。A. labr勞動(dòng)；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance財(cái)政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的”The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要種樹，所以他應(yīng)該向”森林”部門求助。故選C。
15. 【2020·浙江卷】Lamb and mther reunited , I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me. This was s unexpected because I had put the handbrake n when I jumped ut. Obviusly Dn had smehw made the 42 mve.
42．A．lambB．vehicleC．seatD．fence
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，Dn以某種方式使車子動(dòng)了起來。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle車輛；C. seat座位；D. fence柵欄。根據(jù)I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me.可知我轉(zhuǎn)過身去看拖拉機(jī)，卻看見它突然離開了我。所以這里指的是Dn開走了我的車。故選B。
16. 【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】It was just after sunrise n a June mrning. “Nicl,” whse real name cannt be 41 t the public because f Italy’s privacy laws, finished wrking the whle night at a factry in Turin.
41．A．a(chǎn)ttachedB．a(chǎn)llcatedC．expsedD．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Nicl完成了一整夜在Turin一家工廠的工作，他的真實(shí)名字因意大利的隱私法不能暴露給公眾。A. attached參加；B. allcated分配；C. expsed暴露；D. submitted上交。根據(jù)下文的because f Italy's privacy可知此處用be expsed t“暴露”符合語境，故選C。
17. 【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】They’ll have ut half the 45 in the shp, and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a particular clur. I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them（售貨員） t keep smiling.
45. A. fdsB. catalguesC. belngingsD. gds
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會(huì)試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。A. fds食物；B. catalgues目錄；C. belngings所有物；D. gds商品。結(jié)合后文in the shps可知此處指的是商店里的商品。其它選項(xiàng)不符合語境。故選D。
18. 【2019·全國(guó)II】Ehlers eventually succeeded in caxing the animal（the dg） t him. Nervusness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It（the dg） just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
49. A. surpriseB. jyC. hesitatinD. anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)空格前面的Nervusness and fear were replaced緊張不安和恐懼被取代了，以及后面的It just started licking (舔)Ehlers’ face這條狗添著Ehlers的臉，因此說明它感到了快樂。hesitatin猶豫；anxiety焦慮。
19. 【2018·全國(guó)II】Tw weeks earlier. my sn . Ben ,had gt in tuch , he’d mved t England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him . S imagine my ___42___ when he emailed me saying he wanted t cme t visit me.
42. A. delightB. reliefC. angerD. wrry
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，13年沒有見到自己的兒子，突然收到兒子的電子郵件，并且說要來看自己。由此可以推知，我很快樂、開心。A. delight高興，愉快；B. relief (痛苦、憂慮等的)解除，減輕；C. anger怒，忿怒；D. wrry擔(dān)心。故選A。
20. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III】Of curse, we ntice it when the sun is shining," says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is ___43___, but dwn in the valley it’s darker — it’s like n a cludy day.”
43. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue藍(lán)色的；C. high搞得；D. wide寬的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，有太陽的時(shí)候，天空是藍(lán)色的，故選B。
21. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III】 The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer that directs them t turn alng with the sun thrughut the ___50___ and t clse during windy weather.
50. A. dayB. nightC. mnthD. year
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. mnth月；D. year年。根據(jù)文章可知，太陽光出現(xiàn)在白天，故選A。
練模擬--熟能生巧
I.微型完形填空
1.【2022屆江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期5月階段檢測(cè)】
15 years ag, when I was playing basketball in ne f Australia’s premier basketball leagues, I remember a sprts psychlgist we had fr the seasn. As yung prfessinal athletes with high egs (自我價(jià)值感), the team were nt quite cnvinced the techniques f psychlgy wuld imprve perfrmance, especially when it didn’t invlve using the physical strength and endurance needed t __22__ the weeks f training and games. I, n the ther hand, was interested.
22．A．cmpensate frB．prepare frC．tugh utD．shw up
22．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：作為一群年輕又自視甚高的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，大家都不太相信心理技術(shù)可以提高成績(jī)，特別是當(dāng)它不需要?jiǎng)佑蒙眢w力量和耐力來挺過數(shù)周的訓(xùn)練和比賽時(shí)。A. cmpensate fr補(bǔ)償；B. prepare fr為……準(zhǔn)備；C. tugh ut挺過去，生活艱難；D. shw up露面。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，日復(fù)一日的訓(xùn)練和打比賽需要強(qiáng)大的體力和耐力才能支撐下來，然而文中的心理學(xué)家讓這些隊(duì)員們使用心理學(xué)的辦法來應(yīng)對(duì)。tugh ut意為“勇敢地承受，挺過去”，符合語境。故選C。
2.【江蘇南通如皋中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三5月模擬】He has been wrking straight fr days. Every day, he arrives at the wrk statin at 7:30 in the mrning and begins ____23____, srting, checking addresses and lading gds nt his three-wheeled mtrcycle. After that, he begins his shift f rughly 10 hurs.
23．A．disturbingB．cmplainingC．readingD．unlading
23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每天早上7點(diǎn)半到工位，開始卸貨、分類、核對(duì)地址，把貨物裝上三輪摩托車。A. disturbing打擾；B. cmplaining抱怨；C. reading閱讀；D. unlading卸載。根據(jù)下文“srting, checking addresses and lading gds nt his three-wheeled mtrcycle”及常識(shí)可知，快遞員會(huì)先卸載貨物，然后分類、核對(duì)、進(jìn)行派送。故選D。
3.【江蘇南通如皋中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三5月模擬】“I deliver gds t arund 80 husehlds each day during the crnavirus utbreak, abut 20 percent less than average because a large prtin f migrant wrkers are still____26____in their hmetwns.”
26．A．hiredB．mnitredC．bservedD．stuck
26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在冠狀病毒爆發(fā)期間，我每天給大約80戶家庭送貨，比平均水平低約20%，因?yàn)榇蟛糠洲r(nóng)民工仍被困在家鄉(xiāng)。A. hired雇傭；B. mnitred監(jiān)控；C. bserved觀察；D. stuck卡住。根據(jù)上文“during the crnavirus utbreak”及常識(shí)可知，由于疫情，很多人可能被封控在了家鄉(xiāng)。故選D。
4.【江蘇省海安市2021-2022學(xué)年高三年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中】
Finkel invented a unique name fr every piece in the palace set. Then she spent cuntless hurs typing building instructins in Braille (盲文) that spelled ut hw t 24 them all tgether.
24．A．fitB．fixC．mixD．gather
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她花了無數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)用盲文輸入拼裝說明，用來解釋如何將它們拼裝在一起。A. fit適合；B. fix安裝；C. mix混合；D. gather聚集。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，有了盲文的拼裝說明盲人才知道如何將這些積木安裝在一起。故選B。
5. 【2022屆江蘇省南通市新高考基地學(xué)校高三第四次大聯(lián)考】Just then I heard the man at the machine next t mine cmplaining. He nly had a few items but every time he put his ____29____ twenty dllar bill int the machine it spit it back ut. I quickly grabbed a newer twenty ut f my wallet and gave it t him. He thanked me with a warm smile.
29．A．frzenB．fldedC．brkenD．wrinkled
29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他只有幾樣?xùn)|西，但每次他把那張皺巴巴的20美元鈔票放進(jìn)機(jī)器里，機(jī)器就把鈔票吐出來。A. frzen結(jié)冰的；B. flded折疊的；C. brken破碎的；D. wrinkled有皺紋的。由第12空后的“his ld twenty”和常識(shí)可知，塞進(jìn)自助結(jié)帳機(jī)的錢如果是皺的，它就會(huì)把錢吐出來。故選D。
6.【2022屆江蘇省如東高級(jí)中學(xué)、姜堰中學(xué)、沭陽高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期4月份階段性測(cè)試聯(lián)考】But my jaw drpped t the flr when I fund Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same dress as I did. I kept my head dwn and tipted t my seat, but the first day meant ____46____ in frnt f the class, and sn enugh it was my turn. I made it thrugh my minute speech, until Hutfilz std up, jkingly adding she liked my style.
46．A．intrductinsB．perfrmancesC．lecturesD．debates
46．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直低著頭，躡手躡腳地走到座位上，但第一天意味著要在全班同學(xué)面前做自我介紹，很快就輪到我了。A. intrductins介紹；B. perfrmances表現(xiàn)；C. lectures演講；D. debates辯論。根據(jù)上文“but the first day meant”以及常識(shí)，上學(xué)第一天要做自我介紹。故選A。
7.【江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月學(xué)情調(diào)研】She started pumping Simmns's ___33___ with her interlcked fingers and breathing int her friend's muth in hpes f filling her lungs with the kiss f life. And then, Simmns began cughing and gasping fr air. The CPR had wrked!
33．A．stmachB．chestC．backD．leg
33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始用交叉的手指按壓西蒙斯的胸部，并向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能讓她的肺里充滿生命之吻。A. stmach胃；B. chest胸部；C. back后背；D. leg腿。由“pumping Simmns's_____ with her interlcked fingers”及常識(shí)可知，CPR是用交叉的手指按壓病人的胸部，即心臟所在的位置，故選B。
8.【2022屆江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高三第二次模擬】I was the kid that tried never t cmplain. I was kay with enduring a six-hur drive in a(n) small car with my knees t my chest. I was kay with eating burnt r under cked fd. But this allergy finally let me feel _____50_____ saying “n”. I finally felt free t refuse t g places r d things where my allergies wuld act up.
50．A．cmfrtableB．prudC．a(chǎn)wkwardD．a(chǎn)shamed
50．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但過敏終于讓我放心地說“不”了。A. cmfrtable舒適的；B. prud驕傲的，自豪的；C. awkward尷尬的，笨拙的；D. ashamed羞愧的。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，用自己的過敏來拒絕別人不會(huì)讓作者感到不舒服。故選A。
9.【2022屆江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高三第二次模擬】Yes, my hay allergy _____53_____ sme activities, but it’s als given me a brader appreciatin fr experiences I actually like and want mre f. I’m grateful t be getting a dg instead f a bunny. Let’s be hnest, a bunny brings yu mre truble.
53．A．ignresB．ffersC．cversD．limits
53．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：是的，我的干草過敏限制了我的一些活動(dòng)，但它也讓我更廣泛地欣賞我真正喜歡和想要的體驗(yàn)。A. ignres忽略；B. ffers提供，主動(dòng)提出；C. cvers覆蓋，支付，報(bào)道；D. limits限制。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，呼應(yīng)下文brader，此處指過敏限制了作者的活動(dòng)。故選D。
10.【福建省福州市八縣（市、區(qū)）一中2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考】My dad chse a 16-mile sectin f the rad fr us t ride. Part f it included an ld tunnel called Sideling Hill which is ver a mile lng! T 45 , we checked ur tires and made sure ur lights had batteries. In the mrning, we laded ur bikes int the car and set ff.
45．A．prepareB．registerC．cperateD．participate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了做好準(zhǔn)備，我們檢查了車胎，并確保車燈里裝了電池。A. prepare準(zhǔn)備；B. register登記；C. cperate合作；D. participate參與。根據(jù)后文“we checked ur tires and made sure ur lights had batteries.”說作者和父親檢查了車胎，并確保車燈里裝了電池，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，這些都是公路探險(xiǎn)前的準(zhǔn)備工作，故選A。
II.完形填空【2022屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查（一）】
The Last Rbt-Prf Jb in America?
Yu can get mst fd, such as warm ckies r vdka, t yur drstep in minutes. But try getting a red snapper (紅鯛魚). Until recently, if yu culd btain it, it wuld likely have been pre-frzen and shipped in frm verseas.
A new tech startup is aiming t ______1______this situatin. Based inside the Fultn Fish Market, a seafd whlesale market, the startup, called FultnFishMarket.cm, allws custmers acrss the whle cuntry, bth restaurants and individuals, t buy frm the market. The fish is shipped ______2______, rather than frzen, thanks t an Amazn advanced lgistics system. Mike Spindler, the cmpany’s C．E.O., said recently, “I can get a fish t Warren Buffett, that’s as fresh as if he’d walked dwn t the pier (碼頭) and bught it that mrning.”
There is ne thing, ______3______, that the sphisticated lgistics system cannt d: pick ut a fish. If Warren Buffett rders a red snapper, the cmpany needs t ______4______ that his fish is actually red snapper, and nt sme ther. Accrding t the cean-cnservatin rganizatin, mre than 20% f the seafd in restaurants and grcery stres in America is _____5_____. Fr this task, the cmpany has emplyed Rbert DiGregri, a frty-seven-year veteran f the business, wh pssesses a blend f judgement and _____6_____ knwledge that, s far, cmputers have yet t replicate.
“_____7_____ the fd-safety stuff, ur business culd be any market frm the last three thusand years f human histry,” Spindler tld me. He is experienced in the _____8_____ business. When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, peple were cautius. “They thught selling fish n the Internet was_____9_____.” DiGregri said, speaking fr the fishmngers(魚販). “They didn’t see hw it culd pssibly wrk.” Five years ag, DeGregri didn’t knw hw t use a cmputer, but when the Web-site peple arrived at the market, he sensed an pprtunity. Tgether, they’ve created a human-machine fish-buying peratin.
By 1 a.m. each night, the cmpany cllects _____10_____ frm arund the cuntry and sends them t DiGregri. He heads int the market, carrying his tablet cmputer. The cmpany’s algrithms（算法） _____11_____ data n their surces and can tell DiGregri, fr example, which stall t g t get the best tuna (金槍魚). The cmputer is a “l(fā)earning system,”, s if DiGregri makes a chice it didn’t _____12_____, it asks, “Was the fish nt available? Was it damaged?” All that infrmatin is fed back in fr next time.
Then, what can a fishmnger see that a cmputer can’t? DeGregri shwed me his part f the _____13_____ prcess. “I’m assessing a few things,” he said. First, _____14_____. Fish shuld have “nice” slime(粘液). Then, smell. He sniffed the air abve the bx. “when fish ges bad, it smells like ammnia.” Besides, t get the best stuff, “Fishmngers have t have a relatinship with yu. T trust yu.” He added.
Is he ever _____15_____being replaced by the learning system f cmputers? DiGregri shrugged. “By the time they invent a cmputer that can d what I can d,” he said, “I’ll be dead.”
1．A．maintainB．remedyC．substituteD．recgnize
2．A．freeB．verseasC．separateD．fresh
3．A．therefreB．therwiseC．hweverD．thus
4．A．ensureB．prpseC．cncedeD．remind
5．A．verpricedB．misidentifiedC．displacedD．mdified
6．A．cmputerB．cuisineC．fishD．marketing
7．A．Rather thanB．Thanks tC．Except frD．Prir t
8．A．fund-raisingB．nline-grceryC．fish-sellingD．nn-prfit
9．A．significantB．wrthyC．respnsibleD．ridiculus
10．A．salesB．rdersC．a(chǎn)lternativesD．statistics
11．A．a(chǎn)nalyzeB．supplyC．priritizeD．feed
12．A．requireB．prcessC．predictD．value
13．A．calculatinB．decdingC．crrectinD．selectin
14．A．smashB．tuchC．wipeD．rll
15．A．cncerned abutB．eager frC．delighted withD．capable f
【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．C8．B9．D10．B11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A
【解析】本文是說明文，介紹了一家公司是如何用人機(jī)結(jié)合的方式在網(wǎng)上賣新鮮的活魚的。
1．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一家新興的科技公司正致力于解決這一問題。A. maintain維持；B. remedy改進(jìn)、解決；C. substitute替代；D. recgnize認(rèn)出。上文說你可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)讓你買的大多數(shù)食物，如熱餅干或伏特加，送到你家門口。但你買的紅鯛魚卻不行，在根據(jù)空后的介紹可知此處是說一家科技公司正努力解決這個(gè)問題，故B項(xiàng)正確。
2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多虧亞馬遜先進(jìn)的物流系統(tǒng)，這些魚不是冷凍的，而是新鮮的。
A. free自由的；B. verseas海外的；C. separate單獨(dú)的；D. fresh新鮮的。根據(jù)空后的“rather than frzen”可知，與“冷凍的”相對(duì)的自然是“新鮮的”，下文中的“fresh”也是提示，故D項(xiàng)正確。
3．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一件事是復(fù)雜的物流系統(tǒng)做不到的：挑選一條魚。A. therefre因此；B. therwise否則；C. hwever然而；D. thus因此。上文介紹了這個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，此處介紹的是弊端，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。
4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沃倫巴菲特訂購(gòu)了紅鯛魚，公司需要確保他的魚實(shí)際上是紅鯛魚，而不是其他魚。A. ensure保證、確保；B. prpse建議；C. cncede承認(rèn)；D. remind提醒。上文說這個(gè)系統(tǒng)不能挑選出顧客購(gòu)買的魚，所以公司需要確保顧客收到的是他購(gòu)買的那種魚，故A項(xiàng)正確。
5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在美國(guó)，餐館和雜貨店超過20%的海鮮被誤認(rèn)。A. verpriced要價(jià)過高；B. misidentified識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤；C. displaced轉(zhuǎn)移；D. mdified修改。下文說該公司聘請(qǐng)了具有豐富魚類知識(shí)的羅伯特迪格雷戈里奧來識(shí)別顧客購(gòu)買的魚的品種，因此此處是說餐館和雜貨店超過20%的海鮮被誤認(rèn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，該公司聘用了擁有47年豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的羅伯特迪格雷戈里奧，他兼具判斷和魚類知識(shí)，迄今為止，電腦尚未復(fù)制這些知識(shí)。A. cmputer電腦；B. cuisine烹飪；C. fish魚類；D. marketing市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷。幫助識(shí)別魚類自然是要掌握魚類知識(shí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
7．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：除了食品安全方面的東西，我們的生意可以是過去三千年人類歷史上的任何市場(chǎng)。A. Rather than而不是；B. Thanks t多虧；C. Except fr除了；D. Prir t先于。下文說2014年他進(jìn)入魚市時(shí)，人們都很謹(jǐn)慎，他們認(rèn)為在網(wǎng)上賣魚是荒謬的，他們擔(dān)心的是魚的安全問題，因此此處是說“除了食品安全”，故C項(xiàng)正確。
8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他在網(wǎng)上雜貨生意上很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A. fund-raising籌集資金；B. nline-grcery網(wǎng)上雜貨店；C. fish-selling賣魚；D. nn-prfit非盈利。根據(jù)空后的“n the Internet”可知，他干的是網(wǎng)上雜貨生意，故B項(xiàng)正確。
9．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2014年他進(jìn)入魚市時(shí)，人們都很謹(jǐn)慎，他們認(rèn)為在網(wǎng)上賣魚是荒謬的。A. significant重大的；B. wrthy值得的；C. respnsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D. ridiculus荒謬的。空前說人們都很謹(jǐn)慎，這說明他們認(rèn)為在網(wǎng)上賣魚聽起來很荒謬，故D項(xiàng)正確。
10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天凌晨1點(diǎn)，該公司收集來自全國(guó)各地的訂單，然后把它們發(fā)給迪格雷戈里奧，他帶著平板電腦進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。A. sales銷售；B. rders訂單；C. alternatives替代品；D. statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)。在網(wǎng)上賣東西自然是要根據(jù)訂單發(fā)貨，故B項(xiàng)正確。
11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司的算法分析數(shù)據(jù)來源，并可以告訴迪格雷戈里奧，例如，哪個(gè)攤位可以買到最好的金槍魚。A. analyze分析；B. supply供應(yīng)；C. priritize優(yōu)先考慮；D. feed喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)空后的“data n their surces”可知此處指“分析數(shù)據(jù)來源”，故A項(xiàng)正確。
12．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以如果迪格雷戈里奧做出了一個(gè)它沒有預(yù)料到的選擇，它會(huì)問，魚是不是沒有了?是損壞了嗎?所有這些信息都將反饋給下一次。A. require要求；B. prcess處理；C. predict預(yù)測(cè)；D. value重視?？涨罢f電腦是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，所以如果做出了一個(gè)它沒有預(yù)料到的選擇，它會(huì)問一些問題，故C項(xiàng)正確。
13．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：迪雷戈里奧向我展示了他在挑選過程中所扮演的角色。A. calculatin計(jì)算；B. decding解碼；C. crrectin改正；D. selectin選擇。上文說迪格雷戈里奧是負(fù)責(zé)正確挑出顧客訂購(gòu)的魚，因此此處指“挑選過程”，故D項(xiàng)正確。
14．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，觸摸，魚應(yīng)該有“好”的黏液。A. smash撞擊；B. tuch觸摸；C. wipe擦；D. rll滾動(dòng)。空后說魚應(yīng)該有“好”的黏液，因此此處指“用手摸魚”，故B項(xiàng)正確。
15．考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：他但不擔(dān)心被電腦學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)取代？ A. cncerned abut擔(dān)心；B. eager fr渴望；C. delighted with對(duì)……感到高興；D. capable f能夠?？蘸蟮细窭赘昀飱W聳聳肩說“當(dāng)他們發(fā)明一臺(tái)能做我能做的事情的電腦時(shí)，我就死定了”，因此此處指“是否擔(dān)心被電腦學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)取代”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

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