01專題網(wǎng)絡·思維腦圖
02考情分析·解密高考
03高頻考點·以考定法
考點 細節(jié)理解題
【高考解密】
命題點01 直接信息題
命題點02 間接信息題
命題點03 數(shù)字計算題
【技巧解密】
【考向預測】
04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題
微專題 如何通過還原法定位細節(jié)理解題的正確答案
05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練
考點 細節(jié)理解題
命題點01 直接信息題
典例01
【2023年全國乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
23. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】D
【解析】文章最后一個人物介紹的第二句原詞出現(xiàn)the first African American wman，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一個擁有醫(yī)學學位的非裔美國人。
典例02
（2023年新高考I卷A 篇片段）
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點開始)”可知，導游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。
典例03
【2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷】
A
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrammes thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrammes this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小徑), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Centre.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clurs f the canyn (峽谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills—jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgramme t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10—Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which f the fur prgrammes begins the earliest?
A.Phtgraphy Wrkshps.
B.Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
【答案】D
【文章定位】根據(jù)各個活動的時間“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)”、“Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)”、“Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)”及“Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)”可知，答案為D。
命題點02 間接信息題
典例01
（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
【答案】 C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。對原文多處信息整合。根據(jù)第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.(當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大學學習了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。
典例02
【2023年全國甲卷B篇片段】
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures, s, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】 A
【解析】根據(jù)本段最后一句“ “S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. ”可知，Terri是通過粉飾房間，讓它看起來像以前一樣，來避免被扣除租房的押金的。
命題點03 數(shù)字計算題
典例01
【2023全國乙卷C篇片段】Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (癡迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（幾乎三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項。
典例02
【2018·全國Ⅰ卷C篇片段】At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number(中位數(shù)) f speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
34．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800 .B．Abut 3,400
C．Abut 2,400D．Abut 1,200.
【答案】B
【解析】 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位數(shù)) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。
細節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實進行提問，命題人往往通過對文章細節(jié)加以改寫來考查考生準確理解細節(jié)的能力。細節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的“半壁江山”。這類題考點可以源自段內的單句信息理解，也可以來自段落內綜合信息的理解?？疾閮热萆婕皶r間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細節(jié)和定義類的細節(jié)。
常見的命題方式通常有：
1.特殊疑問句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；
2. 以是非題的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；
3. 以Accrding t… 開頭提問方式；
4. 以填空題的形式，如：
（1）T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
（3）It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
（4）If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
（5）The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
（6）The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。
做細節(jié)理解題時，大多數(shù)學生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細看原文，而常常可采取 “帶著問題找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認和記憶事實或細節(jié)，就要恰當?shù)剡\用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的段落、語句．仔細品味，對照比較．確定答案。除了運用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法．將“無此細節(jié)”和“與此細節(jié)相反”的選項排除。
了解細節(jié)題干擾選項的特點也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項有如下幾個特點：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容；（2）符合常識，但不是文章內容；（3）與原文的內容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯誤。
有的細節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀的事實作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時還要求讀者記住重要細節(jié)，在必要的時候（做判斷、推斷或結論的時候）能夠準確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結構表達相同的意思。有的細節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關詞語和句子的轉換。利用主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關系將零碎的細節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。
考向01-直接信息題
（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中學?？计谥校〢dlescence (青春期) is a stressful time. Frm friends t families, frm hme t schl, stressful situatins becme cmmn. Nw, a new study shws an unexpected factr (因素) might cause teens t respnd strngly t stress.
Jnas Miller, a psychlgist at Stanfrd University, wanted t knw whether air pllutin might affect teens’ respnse t stress. his team recruited (招募) 144 tweens and teens fr the study, mst f whm lived in r near San Francisc, which ranks amng the ten U.S. cities having the wrst air quality. The researchers used data n air pllutin cllected by the city t see hw plluted the air was near each recruit’s hme. They then cllected physical. and scial infrmatin abut the students and invited them t participate in a stressfuf.test.
Befre the test, the researchers used sensrs t recrd participants’ heart rate and sweat levels fr five minutes-as they rested. Then the test began. A researcher read alud the beginning f a stry and tld each participant t make up an exciting ending, which they wuld have t memrize and present alud t a judge. After finishing this task, the judge had the participant d math prblems. If they made a mistake, they had t start ver. The whle time, sensrs recrded heart rate and sweat levels.
At rest, all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels, Miller fund. But as the test gt tugh, kids frm neighbrhds with mre air pllutin reacted mre strngly t stress. Their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated mre than teens wh lived in cleaner places.
Miller lked at ther pssible causes f thse strng reactins in the students. including their height and weight, stage f adlescence, family incme and neighbrhd. Nne f them explained the strnger stress respnse. Such respnses are linked t negative feelings, Miller ntes. Over time, these respnses can “cntribute t prblems with bth physical and mental health”.
“This is an interesting study,” says Anjum Hajat, an epidemilgist wh studies the causes f disease. Miller’s study “prvides unique evidence f the negative health impacts f air pllutin amng adlescents,” Hajat says.
2．What were participants asked t d in the stressful test?
A．Retell an exciting stry.B．Invent an ending t a stry.
C．Make up an amusing stry.D．Find the mistakes in a stry.
3．What did Miller take int cnsideratin when analyzing his research results?
A．Parents’ incme.B．Parents’ educatin.
C．Children’ s mental health.D．Child-parent relatinship.
【答案】 2．B 3. A
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“A researcher read alud the beginning f a stry and tld each participant t make up an exciting ending, which they wuld have t memrize and present alud t a judge”可知，在壓力測試中，一位研究人員會大聲朗讀故事的開頭，然后讓每個參與者編出故事的結尾，并大聲敘述給評委。故選B。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Miller lked at ther pssible causes f thse strng reactins in the students, including their height and weight, stage f adlescence, family incme and neighbrhd”可知，Miller還研究了其他可能導致青少年強烈反應的因素，包括他們的身高和體重、處于青春期的哪個階段、家庭收入和鄰里關系。A項“Parents’ incme.(父母收入)”屬于家庭收入。故選A。
考向02-間接信息題
（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考二模）A team f researchers at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, has develped an artificial finger that was able t identify certain surface materials with 90% accuracy.
In their paper the grup describes hw they used tribelectric (摩擦電)sensrs t give their test finger an ability t gain a sense f tuch. Previus research has led t the develpment f rbtic fingers that have the ability t recgnize certain attributes f certain surfaces, such as pressure r temperature. Hwever, the team has taken ne step further by adding the ability t identify a material itself.
The finger was created by applying small square sensrs t the tip f a finger-shaped bject: Each f the squares was made f a different kind f plastic plymer (聚合物), each chsen because f their unique electrical prperties. When such sensrs are mved clse t an bject, electrns frm the sensrs interact with materials in unique ways.
The sensrs beneath the plymer were all cnnected t their wn prcessrs (處理器) inside f the finger, which were then cnnected tgether t allw fr cmparisn f results- and fr machine learning-based data analysis. The researchers als attached a tiny LCD screen fr displaying results.
The researchers then tested their finger by having it tuch varius flat surfaces such as thse made f glass, wd, plastic and silicn. They fund it capable f identifying the right material 96.8% f the time, with a minimum accuracy f 90% fr all f the surfaces. The researchers als tested the finger fr endurance and fund that it held up well enugh fr industrial applicatins.
The researchers think that their finger culd be cnnected directly t a cntrl mechanism in industry. They als nte that such a finger culd als be used n a full-sized human rbt. They pint ut that the technlgy culd likely be used in prsthetic (假肢) devices t help restre a certain degree f tuch fr peple wh have lst such an ability.
10．What can we learn abut the artificial finger?
A．The sensrs in the finger can d the analysis themselves.
B．The plastic plymer chsen has the ‘same electrical prperties.
C．The electrns can react with the surface that the finger tuches.
D．Electrns frm its sensrs can differently interact with materials.
11．Hw did the researcher learn abut the results?
A．An LCD screen will shw them the results.
B．The artificial finger can display the results directly.
C．They can wrk ut the results using special sftware.
D．Prcessrs inside the finger will send them messages.
【答案】 10．D 11．A
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“When such sensrs are mved clse t an bject, electrns frm the sensrs interact with materials in unique ways.(當這種傳感器靠近物體時，來自傳感器的電子以獨特的方式與材料相互作用)” 可知，來自傳感器的電子與材料的相互作用方式不同。故選D。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The researchers als attached a tiny LCD screen fr displaying results.(研究人員還安裝了一個微小的LCD屏幕來顯示結果)”可知，液晶顯示屏會顯示結果。故選A。
如何通過還原法定位細節(jié)理解題的正確答案
1.定位詞的選用
(1)特殊定位詞
在很多題目當中會出現(xiàn)人名、地名、數(shù)字、年份和大寫字母縮寫這五類特殊詞。因為它們的特點是在一篇多數(shù)是英文小寫字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years，Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity，and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解決方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld，a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
【答案】D
【解析】本題可以根據(jù)特殊定位詞HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學校教育與航天技術聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。
(2)普通定位詞
普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比，出現(xiàn)的幾率更高。當我們看到題中沒有特殊定位詞的情況下，要思考的就是在這道似乎沒有啥重點的詞語中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語。可以當做定位詞的首選是名詞，其次是動詞。
[示例2]
In Save Mney：Gd Fd，she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste，while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme，preparing meals fr sns，Sam，14，F(xiàn)inn，13，and Jack，11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
【答案】C
【解析】由于比較醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出現(xiàn)多次，所以不能作為定位詞。本題可以利用題干中的動詞help來定位，從而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑選定位詞的注意點
(1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞
定位詞的最大優(yōu)勢就是可以縮小閱讀范圍，如果我們定位了一個在文章中處處可能出現(xiàn)的詞語，那就失去了定位的意義。
(2)定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉換
在實際做題過程中還要注意，不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來定位的。而且如果是遇到細節(jié)信息定位題，很多時候定位詞的作用被削弱了，因為題目中的詞和文中的詞會以同義詞替換的形式出現(xiàn)。所以建議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞，另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量，尤其是同義詞轉換，這樣才能一擊必中，快速找到答案出現(xiàn)的地方解決問題。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
Duratin：3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn， guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
【答案】A
【解析】本題可以用同義詞定位：bk in advance ＝reserve“預約”。根據(jù)第一條自行車旅行路線中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear！”可知，選擇這條自行車旅行路線需要提前預訂。
（2023上·江蘇·高三江蘇省前黃高級中學?？计谥校〤amping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder (阻礙) yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a quiet shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1．Wh are the intended readers?
A．Red-blded males.B．White-cllar staff.
C．Green-hand campers.D．Blue-blded turists.
2．What can yu learn frm the passage?
A．Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
B．Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
C．Car camping is the mst ecnmical way t experience nature.
D．The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
3．In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A．Business.B．Entertainment.C．Style.D．Travel.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要給露營新手介紹了幾種露營方式和建議。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一個有經(jīng)驗的背包客，不要再往下讀了。這篇文章是寫給露營新手的，他們從年輕時就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但正在認真考慮在野外過夜。)”可知，這篇文章是寫給那些沒有在野外露營過，但是正在認真考慮在野外露營的新手；由此可知，這篇文章的目標讀者是露營新手。故選C項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Backpacking”下文介紹第一段中的“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs. (多日徒步旅行無疑是體驗戶外美景的最身臨其境的方式。)”可知，背包旅行可以讓你以身臨其境的方式去體驗戶外美景；由此可知，背包旅行可以親身體驗戶外美景，與大自然進行深入的交流。故選B項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露營小貼士：哪種夜間荒野體驗最適合你？)”以及第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一個有經(jīng)驗的背包客，不要再往下讀了。這篇文章是寫給露營新手的，他們從年輕時就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但正在認真考慮在野外過夜。)”可知，文章主要講的是針對于露營新手的幾種露營方式和建議；由此推知，你可能在旅行板塊一欄找到這篇文章。故選D項。
（2023上·湖北·高三華中師大一附中?？计谥校㊣n 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years.
The revival has been encuraged by Cvid lckdwns, “which allwed peple t explre the craft at hme,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. “Put it this way, 97% f dyes used in the industry are petrchemically (石油化學產(chǎn)品) based,” says sustainable fashin cnsultant Jackie Andrews, wh helped advise the UN Ethical Fashin Initiative. “We’ve gt net zer targets which mean we’re ging t have t remve all thse petrchemicals frm the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them.
It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clthes’ clr, new wrlds pen. Many f tday’s natural dyers grw their wn dye plants, run lcal cmmunity wrkshps, and advcate fr change in industrialized fashin systems and beynd.
4．What is the main reasn fr the grwing discmfrt mentined in paragraph 2?
A．The adptin f petrchemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zer targets t be achieved.
C．The fashin industry’s fcus n luxurius designs.
D．The disturbing cnsequences f the fashin industry.
5．The authr illustrates “Fashin is a huge plluter” by ______.
A．making a cmparisnB．giving examples
C．listing numbersD．intrducing a new tpic
6．What des the underlined phrase “a quiet act f rebellin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．A prtest against turning t natural fiber.
B．An bjectin t upcycling ld clthing.
C．A struggle fr a sustainable fashin industry.
D．A resistance t vibrant clrs in natural dyeing.
7．What wuld be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Envirnmental Impact f Natural Dyeing
B．Fashin Revlutin’s Dye Garden Presentatin
C．The Return f Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrchemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．C 7．C
【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹天然染色工藝的回歸。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. (然而，如果不是因為人們對時尚的沉重足跡不斷感到不安，這種做法不太可能以同樣的方式流行起來。從碳排放到虐待動物，時尚都受到了廣泛的關注。)”可知，時尚業(yè)也存在碳排放到虐待動物問題，所以人們感到不適是因為時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)令人不安的后果。故選D。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them. (時尚是一個巨大的污染源。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的數(shù)據(jù)，該行業(yè)造成了高達五分之一的工業(yè)水污染，因為目前大多數(shù)服裝都是在監(jiān)管薄弱、執(zhí)法力度更弱的貧窮國家生產(chǎn)的。廢水被直接傾倒到河流和溪流中，毒害了土地以及依賴它們的人和動物的水源。)”可知，這一段利用實際例子來說明時尚是一個巨大的污染源。故選B。
6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. (很容易理解為什么一個關心人、地球、動物以及衣服的人會轉向天然植物染色。從原料的美麗（通常是野生植物）到只與棉花和亞麻等天然纖維結合的特性，從隨著時間的推移變灰或褪色的舊衣服的微小足跡到充滿活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感覺就像是a quiet act f rebellin。)”可知，這里是描述指物染色和化學染色不一樣，所以它是對化學染色的反抗，是對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的維護。a quiet act f rebellin的意思應該是“為可持續(xù)發(fā)展而做的斗爭”，和選項C意思一致。故選C。
7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years. (2022年，時尚革命運動組織切爾西染料花園在切爾西花展上亮相。天然染色是一種古老的工藝，它的時代又來了，近年來手工扎染的時尚也卷土重來。)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹天然染色工藝的回歸，C項“天然染色的回歸與倫理訴求”符合文意。故選C。
（2023上·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學校聯(lián)考期中）I was driving when my phne alerted me t a new email. Filled with eager anticipatin, I pulled ver, turned n my hazard lights, and pened it. My emtins quickly changed as I learned, fr the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a prmtin t full prfessr. My institutin didn’t seem t value what I brught t the table. But when I tld my family that night, my children ffered a surprisingly psitive respnse. They were excited t see what I was ging t d next, they said. They apparently knew lng befre I did that lsing my bid fr a prmtin wuld turn ut t be the best thing that culd have happened fr me.
This had been the final step in a lng prcess spanning 15 mnths and invlving s much effrt. I had started by studying successful prmtin bids and asking senir schlars fr frank discussins abut my readiness. I had carefully prepared my applicatin packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. Fr mre than a year, I had spent hurs every day trying t prve my wrth t my university.
T my surprise, having a final answer brught a welcme sense f clsure. As a first step tward healing, I decided t priritize my wn values and fllw my wn internal cmpass. I discnnected frm peple in my life wh vilated my values, cultivated my relatinships with thse wh share my pririties and bring ut the best in me, and spent mre time with my family. I funded a nnprfit that helps first-generatin and lw-incme students and yung prfessinals advance in the wrkfrce while serving their cmmunity. The initiative had lng been a dream f mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and prmtin dn’t reward such effrts. Nw, such cnsideratins were n lnger my Nrth Star.
Five mnths after that email frm tp leadership, I fund myself in the car again, experiencing anther career-defining mment. I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.
8．What did the authr feel after he read the email?
A．Anxius and annyed.B．Embarrassed and ashamed.
C．Relieved and peaceful.D．Disappinted and srrwful.
9．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．What cntributins the writer had made.B．What preparatins the writer had made.
C．Hw successful the career had been.D．Hw tiring the prcess had been.
10．Which f the fllwing wuld the writer prbably agree with?
A．Success is mre than a title r a rank.
B．One’s internal cmpass is t be develped.
C．Serving the cmmunity may heal a brken heart.
D．One’s real value first lies in his family interactin.
11．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Emails: my Nrth Star
B．Full prfessr: a duble-edged swrd
C．A career setback becmes a great pprtunity
D．An academic career witnesses a failed prmtin
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在自己多次申請正教授被拒后，思想方面發(fā)生了轉變，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的經(jīng)歷。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Filled with eager anticipatin, I pulled ver, turned n my hazard lights, and pened it. My emtins quickly changed as I learned, fr the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a prmtin t full prfessr. My institutin didn’t seem t value what I brught t the table.(我滿懷期待地把車停在路邊，打開危險燈，打開車門。當我第六次也是最后一次得知自己被拒絕晉升為正教授時，我的情緒迅速發(fā)生了變化。我所在的機構似乎并不看重我?guī)淼臇|西。)”可知，作者滿懷期待打開郵件，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己再一次被拒絕，由此可推知，作者讀完郵件之后的心情應該是失望的和悲傷的。故選D。
9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“This had been the final step in a lng prcess spanning 15 mnths and invlving s much effrt. I had started by studying successful prmtin bids and asking senir schlars fr frank discussins abut my readiness. I had carefully prepared my applicatin packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. Fr mre than a year, I had spent hurs every day trying t prve my wrth t my university.(這是一個長達15個月的漫長過程的最后一步，涉及了如此多的努力。我從研究成功的晉升案例開始，并請資深學者坦率地討論我的準備情況。我仔細準備了我的申請材料，總結了我在職業(yè)生涯中取得的所有成就。在一年多的時間里，我每天都花幾個小時來證明我對學校的價值。)”可知，第二段主要講述了作者做了怎樣的準備。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The initiative had lng been a dream f mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and prmtin dn’t reward such effrts. Nw, such cnsideratins were n lnger my Nrth Star.(這個計劃一直是我的夢想，但我從未追求過，因為典型的學術招聘和晉升不會獎勵這種努力?，F(xiàn)在，這樣的考慮不再是我的北極星。)”和文章最后一段“I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.(我可能失去了一次大的晉升機會，但最終，它把我?guī)У搅苏_的地方。)”可推知，作者可能會同意成功不僅僅是一個頭銜或地位。故選A。
11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Five mnths after that email frm tp leadership, I fund myself in the car again, experiencing anther career-defining mment. I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.(收到那封來自高層領導的電子郵件五個月后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又坐在車里，經(jīng)歷了另一個職業(yè)生涯的決定性時刻。我可能失去了一次大的晉升機會，但最終，它把我?guī)У搅苏_的地方。)”和全文內容可知，文章主要講述了作者在自己多次申請正教授被拒后，思想方面發(fā)生了轉變，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的經(jīng)歷。由此可知，C項：A career setback becmes a great pprtunity(事業(yè)上的挫折會變成一次絕好的機會)是最好的標題。故選C。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山區(qū)良鄉(xiāng)中學校考期中）My sn just turned 14 and des nt have a smartphne. When he graduated frm Grade 8, he was the nly kid in his class withut ne. He asks fr a phne nw that he’s ging t high schl. I say n, he asks why, I explain(yet again), and he pushes back.
“Yu can chse t d things differently when yu’re a parent,” I tld him. But smetimes, I wnder if I’m being t stubbrn r unfair.
The mre I research, the mre cnfident I feel in my decisin. Many studies link the current mental health crisis amng adlescents t fundamental changes in hw they scialize, namely, the shift frm in-persn t nline interactin.
But ther parents challenge my perspective. “He must feel s left ut!” Then there are the parents wh tell me with prfund sadness that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phne wnership lnger than they did. They urge me t hld ut.
If teenagers between the ages f 13 and 18 are truly spending an average f 8 hurs 39 minutes per day n their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey cnducted by the nn-prfit research rganizatin Cmmn Sense Media, then what are they nt ding? Kids absrbed in their devices are missing ut n real life, and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my sn t have a childhd he feels satisfied with and prud f. I want it t be full f adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must srt ut himself—and emerge strnger—withut asking fr me at the push f a buttn.
The easiest and simplest way t achieve these gals is t delay giving him a smartphne.
Sme think my sn is missing ut r falling behind, but he is nt. He des well in schl and extracurricular activities, hangs ut with his friends in persn, and mves independently arund ur small twn. He swears (發(fā)誓) he’ll give his wn 14-year-ld a phne smeday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery n a drive t a nearby muntain because he had been s absrbed in his friend’s iPad.
If that is his versin f admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
12．What is the authr’s primary cncern regarding giving her sn a smartphne?
A．Her sn’s scial life.B．Her sn’s well-being.
C．Her sn’s time management.D．Her sn’s academic perfrmance.
13．What is the main pint the authr intends t express in paragraph 5?
A．Her dubts abut the reliability f a teenage survey.
B．The rise f smartphne addictin amng teenagers.
C．The ptential negative effects f excessive phne usage.
D．The factrs cntributing t teenage smartphne addictin.
14．What quality des the text suggest the authr wants her sn t develp in his childhd?
A．Team spiritB．Leadership
C．Self-relianceD．Critical thinking
15．What can be inferred abut the authr’s sn?
A．He is struggling academically.
B．He n lnger desires a smartphne.
C．He is easily influenced by his friends.
D．He has realized the drawbacks f excessive screen time.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者反對兒子使用手機的原因。
12．細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“The mre I research, the mre cnfident I feel in my decisin. Many studies link the current mental health crisis amng adlescents t fundamental changes in hw they scialize, namely, the shift frm in-persn t nline interactin. (我研究得越多，我對自己的決定就越有信心。許多研究將當前青少年的心理健康危機與他們社交方式的根本變化聯(lián)系起來，即從面對面互動轉向在線互動。)”可知，關于給兒子一部智能手機，作者基本的擔心是孩子的心理健康。故選B。
13．主旨大意題。由文章第五段“If teenagers between the ages f 13 and 18 are truly spending an average f 8 hurs 39 minutes per day n their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey cnducted by the nn-prfit research rganizatin Cmmn Sense Media, then what are they nt ding? Kids absrbed in their devices are missing ut n real life, and that strikes me as really sad. (非營利研究機構常識媒體在2021年進行的一項調查顯示，如果13至18歲的青少年真的每天平均花費8小時39分鐘在他們的電子設備上，那么他們沒有做什么？沉迷于電子設備的孩子們正在錯過真實的生活，這讓我感到非常難過。)”可知，本段主要講述過度使用電話的潛在負面影響。故選C。
14．推理判斷題。由文章第六段“I want my sn t have a childhd he feels satisfied with and prud f. I want it t be full f adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must srt ut himself—and emerge strnger—withut asking fr me at the push f a buttn. (我希望我的兒子有一個他感到滿意和自豪的童年。我希望它充滿冒險，充滿想象力的游戲和身體上的挑戰(zhàn)，他必須自己解決這些問題，并變得更強大，而不是一按按鈕就問我。)”可知，文本表明作者希望她的兒子在童年時期發(fā)展出自力更生的品質。故選C。
15．推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Sme think my sn is missing ut r falling behind, but he is nt. He des well in schl and extracurricular activities, hangs ut with his friends in persn, and mves independently arund ur small twn. He swears(發(fā)誓)he’ll give his wn 14-year-ld a phne smeday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery n a drive t a nearby muntain because he had been s absrbed in his friend’s iPad. (有些人認為我的兒子錯過了或落后了，但他不是。他在學校和課外活動中表現(xiàn)出色，和朋友們一起出去玩，在我們的小鎮(zhèn)上獨立活動。他發(fā)誓總有一天會給自己14歲的兒子一部手機，我告訴他沒關系。但最近，他承認，他在開車去附近一座山的路上錯過了美麗的風景，因為他太專注于朋友的iPad了。)”可知，作者的兒子已經(jīng)意識到屏幕時間過長的弊端。故選D。
（2023上·河北·高三泊頭市第一中學校聯(lián)考期中）Fr Vishwanath Mallabadi frm Bangalre, India, there is n such thing as a useless bject r “waste”. Give him anything—abandned metal r plastic items, ld devices, dysfunctinal printed circuit bards — and he’ll create art ut f it.
Vishwanath’s passin is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates mre e-waste than it can recycle. Frm 2019 t 2020, the cuntry generated a ttal f mre than 1 millin tnnes f e waste. Of this, nly 22.7 percent was cllected, taken apart and recycled. The ec-artist has upcycled and transfrmed nearly 200 kg f e-waste int usable prducts and prpses ec-art as a means t deal with waste management.
Vishwanath’s father, D M Shambhu, was a famus sculptr and painter, but he wanted his sn t chse medicine and becme a dctr. Hwever, Vishwanath, wh was interested in upcycling secnd-hand bjects right frm childhd, decided t pursue a BFA in Applied Art. He later went n t wrk in a cmpany as a high-level administratr and retired tw years ag. “In my free time and during the weekends. I used t cnduct experiments in e-waste and try t develp smething unique,” he recalled.
S far, the ec-artist has created mre than 500 bjects. These include a six-ft tall sculpture made frm upcycled cmputer keybard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Ggh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistrs (電阻器) n wd. Amng his ther artwrks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created frm upcycled keybard keys n a sun bard finished with plastics, a deer made f clrful used wires, plants and flwers frm cmputer parts, and ec jewellery frm upcycled digital wrist watch parts.
“The wrk invlves selecting the e-waste bjects—the texture, shape, and clur etc, and visualising and cnceptualising the final prduct. It might take weeks and mnths fr sculptures. Hwever, sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are nwadays in demand in multinatinal cmpanies pting fr a sustainable culture,” he said.
16．What des the authr try t cnvey in paragraph 2?
A．The seriusness f e-waste in India.
B．Vishwanath’s passin fr envirnment prtectin.
C．The achievements f waste management in India.
D．Vishwanath’s attitude twards dealing with e-waste.
17．What did Vishwanath wrk as befre retiring?
A．A passinate ec-artist.B．A private dctr.
C．A famus sculptr.D．A senir manager.
18．Which f the artwrks were made f the same materials?
A．The deer and the plants.B．The sculpture and the figure statue.
C．The painting and the flwers.D．The deer and the ec jewellery.
19．What des Vishwanath think f his wrking n ec-art?
A．Exciting but unprfitable.B．Creative but useless.
C．Demanding but wrthwhile.D．Efficient but cstly.
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．B 19．C
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹印度生態(tài)藝術家Vishwanath的愛好和成就。
16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前三句“Vishwanath’s passin is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates mre e-waste than it can recycle. Frm 2019 t 2020, the cuntry generated a ttal f mre than 1 millin tnnes f e waste. Of this, nly 22.7 percent was cllected, taken apart and recycled. (Vishwanath的熱情在當今時代尤為重要，因為印度產(chǎn)生的電子垃圾比它能回收的還要多。從2019年到2020年，該國共產(chǎn)生了100多萬噸電子垃圾。其中，只有22.7%被收集、拆解和回收。)”可知，本段主要介紹印度電子垃圾的處理現(xiàn)狀十分嚴重。故選A。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“He later went n t wrk in a cmpany as a high-level administratr and retired tw years ag. (他后來在一家公司擔任高級管理人員，并于兩年前退休。)”可知，他退休前是一名企業(yè)高管。故選D。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二三句“These include a six-ft tall sculpture made frm upcycled cmputer keybard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Ggh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistrs (電阻器) n wd. Amng his ther artwrks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created frm upcycled keybard keys n a sun bard finished with plastics, a deer made f clrful used wires, plants and flwers frm cmputer parts, and ec jewellery frm upcycled digital wrist watch parts. (其中包括一個六英尺高的雕塑，由升級回收的電腦鍵盤制成，以及一幅靈感來自文森特·梵高的《星夜》的畫作，該畫作使用了升級回收的電阻器。在他的其他作品中，有一個42×38英寸的人物雕像，用塑料制成的太陽板上的鍵盤鍵，用彩色的廢舊電線制成的鹿，用電腦零件制成的植物和花朵，以及用升級回收的數(shù)字手表零件制成的生態(tài)珠寶。)”可知，一個六英尺高的雕塑以及一個42×38英寸的人物雕像的主要材料是回收的電腦鍵盤。故選B。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段最后兩句““It might take weeks and mnths fr sculptures. Hwever, sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are nwadays in demand in multinatinal cmpanies pting fr a sustainable culture,” he said. (“雕塑可能需要幾周甚至幾個月的時間。然而，在選擇可持續(xù)文化的跨國公司中，可持續(xù)發(fā)展的倡議和升級的藝術是當今的需求，”他說。)”可知，創(chuàng)作雕塑品需要時間長，但是又有需求?？赏茢喑?，他的工作費時費力但是值得。故選C。
（2023上·湖北襄陽·高三校聯(lián)考期中）Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells.
Antiviral drugs culd be “used alne, r as part f cmbinatin treatment, t rescue insulin (胰島素) — prducing beta cells at diagnsis f type 1 diabetes,” said a team that presented their findings at the annual meeting f the Eurpean Assciatin fr the Study f Diabetes, in Hamburg. S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. But in sme cases, an uncntrlled aut-immune respnse causes the bdy t attack its wn beta cells, ruining a child’s capacity t prduce insulin and cause type 1 diabetes. S peple with type 1 diabetes rely n insulin injectins t maintain healthy bld sugar levels the rest f their lives.
The researchers have been investigating the rt causes f the autimmune “malfunctin” behind beta cell destructin fr years, and they discvered that lw-grade infectins with cmmn germs ften ccur in the pancreatic cells f peple newly diagnsed with type l diabetes. S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?
The new trial, led by Dr. Mynarek, sught t answer that questin. The team fllwed96 children aged 6 t 15 wh were all diagnsed with type 1 diabetes in the study. The children were randmly selected t receive either the tw antiviral medicines r a placeb (無效對照劑) fr six mnths. Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin.
The researchers cncluded that “further studies shuld be dne t evaluate whether antiviral treatment culd delay the prgressin f beta-cell damage leading t clinical type l diabetes.”
20．What’s the functin f beta cells?
A．T attack the viruses.B．T prduce insulin.
C．T cause diabetes.D．T absrb drugs.
21．Hw des the new drug wrk fr diabetes?
A．T kill the germs infecting ur pancreas.B．T inject insulin t ur bdy.
C．T help create mre beta cells.D．T prevent cmmn germs frm attacks.
22．What des the trial find accrding t Mynarek’s grup?
A．There was n bvius difference between the tw grups.
B．The kids given a placeb shw a higher C-peptide levels than thers.
C．The kids given antiviral medicines prduce mre insulin than thers.
D．The kids taking a placeb prduce mre insulin than thers.
23．Which is the best title f the text?
A．The rt cause f diabetes has been fund
B．Beta cells culd be preserved by insulin
C．Autimmune respnse culd cause bdy diabetes
D．Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究，該研究表明服用抗病毒藥物可以幫助緩解1型糖尿病。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. (胰腺中所謂的β細胞可以產(chǎn)生胰島素)”可知beta cells的功能是產(chǎn)生胰島素。故選B。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?(那么，如果給這些人服用抗病毒藥物——在這種情況下，是普萊納爾和利巴韋林——來清除胰腺的這些感染呢？)”可知，新藥物是通過消除胰腺的感染來治療糖尿病的。故選A。
22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段c肽水平和胰島素分泌能力的關系“Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. (Mynarek的研究小組追蹤了血液中的c肽水平，它“反映了胰腺中胰島素的產(chǎn)生”，這意味著在測試中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他們的胰腺分泌胰島素的能力就越強)”以及研究結果“Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin. (根據(jù)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，服用安慰劑的兒童c肽水平下降了整整24%，而服用抗病毒藥物的兒童c肽水平只下降了11%)”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒藥物的兒童c肽水平較高，即他們可分泌更多的胰島素。故選C。
23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells. (現(xiàn)在，一項新的試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，在孩子被診斷為1型糖尿病后立即給予抗病毒藥物，可能有助于保護那些至關重要的β細胞)”可知這篇文章是一項研究，研究表明服用抗病毒藥物對診斷為1型糖尿病的兒童有幫助。由此可知，D選項“Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes(抗病毒藥物可以幫助緩解1型糖尿病)”適合作本文最佳標題。故選D。考點
考查內容
高考考題設問
細節(jié)理解題
核心價值：
高考英語試卷取材廣泛、體裁多樣，引導學生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展，加強對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義先進文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。
第一，強化體美勞教育引導，夯實全面發(fā)展基礎。在體育融入試題方面，2022 年新高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀題選取運動促進心臟健康的語篇，寫作題選取一名殘疾學生積極參加跑步比賽的語篇。這些語篇和材料旨在引導學生提高運動意識，保持身心健康。在美育融入試題方面，2022 年全國甲卷聽力題選取一位藝術鑒賞家談論自己經(jīng)歷的材料，閱讀題選取介紹英國加的夫市藝術劇院的語篇，這些語篇旨在引導學生加深對藝術的認識，培養(yǎng)健康向上的審美情趣。在勞動教育融入試題方面，各套試卷的語篇包含了山區(qū)支教、烹飪、做家務等信息，涉及多種工作場景，旨在引導學 生形成勞動觀念，在學習和生活中培養(yǎng)勞動精神。
第三，關注時代發(fā)展與生活實踐，引導學生培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)。2022 年全國卷通過選取禁止開車使用手機、悉尼新舊文化沖突、新媒體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國征收糖稅的起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導學生形成獨立思考的習慣，培養(yǎng)主動發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力；通過選取高科技無人機在鐵路交通中的應用、鸚鵡識別物體形狀的實驗、人類語言發(fā)展的研究及與捉迷藏相關的兒童心理發(fā)展實驗等語篇，激發(fā)學生對科學實驗與研究的興趣通；通過選取關愛養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項目、勇救墜樓兒童、修復父子親情關系等語篇,倡導友好互助、彼此關愛的和諧人際關系。
學科素養(yǎng)：
從話題選擇來看，近三年圍繞人與自然、人與社會、人與自我三大主題全面考查英語綜合運用能力，試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣，進一步體現(xiàn)考試對五育（德、智、體、美、勞）全面發(fā)展的引導作用，加強對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、和社會主義先進文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂育人功能。落實立德樹人，彰顯德育本色 。
從命題方向及趨勢來看，全國卷試題高考英語試題整體難度穩(wěn)定且適中，從教材出發(fā)，強調主干知識的運用以及基本能力的考查。同時全國卷試題高考英語試題注重考查學生的思維品質、創(chuàng)新能力以及解決實際問題的能力。
2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T28、T33
2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35
2022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、T32、T33
2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T34
2021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T27、T28、T32
2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34

相關試卷

新高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測專題04 名詞和代詞等有提示詞的揭秘（講義） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）：

這是一份新高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測專題04 名詞和代詞等有提示詞的揭秘（講義） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測專題04名詞和代詞等有提示詞的揭秘講義原卷版doc、新高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測專題04名詞和代詞等有提示詞的揭秘講義解析版doc等2份試卷配套教學資源，其中試卷共60頁， 歡迎下載使用。

專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）：

這是一份專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用），文件包含專題07細節(jié)理解題講義原卷版-高頻考點解密2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測新高考專用docx、專題07細節(jié)理解題講義解析版-高頻考點解密2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測新高考專用docx等2份試卷配套教學資源，其中試卷共50頁， 歡迎下載使用。

專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（分層練）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）：

這是一份專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（分層練）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用），文件包含專題07細節(jié)理解題分層練原卷版-高頻考點解密2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測新高考專用docx、專題07細節(jié)理解題分層練解析版-高頻考點解密2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測新高考專用docx等2份試卷配套教學資源，其中試卷共231頁， 歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關試卷 更多

專題03+非謂語動詞的確定（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）

專題03+非謂語動詞的確定（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）
專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）

專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）
專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（分層練）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）

專題07+細節(jié)理解題+（分層練）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）
專題03+非謂語動詞的確定（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）

專題03+非謂語動詞的確定（講義）-【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與預測（新高考專用）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權申訴
版權申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認為該資料內容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權，請掃碼添加我們的相關工作人員，我們盡可能的保護您的合法權益。
入駐教習網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機號注冊
手機號碼

手機號格式錯誤

手機驗證碼 獲取驗證碼

手機驗證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內有效

設置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部