
01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖
02考情分析·解密高考
03高頻考點(diǎn)·以考定法
考點(diǎn)二 定語從句
【高考解密】
命題點(diǎn) 關(guān)系詞的確定
【技巧解密】
【考向預(yù)測】
考點(diǎn)一 并列句和特殊句式
【高考解密】
命題點(diǎn)01 并列連詞的確定
命題點(diǎn)02 特殊句式
【技巧解密】
【考向預(yù)測】
考點(diǎn)三 狀語從句
【高考解密】
命題點(diǎn) 從屬連詞的確定
【技巧解密】
【考向預(yù)測】
考點(diǎn)三 名詞性從句
【高考解密】
命題點(diǎn)01 賓語從句
命題點(diǎn)02 主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句
【技巧解密】
【考向預(yù)測】
04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題
微專題 無提示詞從句的解題技巧
05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練
考點(diǎn)一 并列句和特殊句式
命題點(diǎn) 01 并列連詞的確定
典例01
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 語法填空)The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether t bite a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
【答案】r
【解析】考查連詞。句意:吃小籠包的時候,你必須要決定是先咬一個小口,釋放蒸汽,讓里面的湯汁流出來還是把整個小籠包放進(jìn)嘴里,讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。此處考查短語whether…r…“是……還是……”。
典例02
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 語法填空)It’s been an hnur t watch the panda prgramme develp 64. t see the pandas settle int their new hme.
【答案】and
【解析】考查連詞。句意:能夠見證熊貓計(jì)劃的發(fā)展并看到熊貓們適應(yīng)新家,這是一份榮耀。根據(jù)句意可知,空前t watch the panda prgramme develp和空后t see the pandas settle int their new hme為并列關(guān)系,故本空應(yīng)用并列連詞and。
典例03
(2023·全國乙卷 語法填空)It is a distinct visual cntrast(反差) that shuldn’t wrk,65. smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.
【答案】but/yet
【解析】考查連詞。句意:這是一個明顯的視覺對比,本應(yīng)無法協(xié)調(diào)組合在一起,但不知何故,這兩個截然不同的世界很好地結(jié)合在了一起。根據(jù)句意可知,本空前后文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故本空應(yīng)用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but或yet。
并列句
由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子稱為并列句(cmpund sentence)。并列句中的各個簡單句彼此獨(dú)立, 互不依從, 但它們表達(dá)的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系。
并列句中的各個簡單句通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號, 也可不用逗號(但hwever、therefre、therwise等并列連詞前后都常有逗號)。常見的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。
I came here and he went there. 我來這兒, 他去那兒。
I like bread and milk, but I dn’t like eggs at all. 我喜歡面包和牛奶, 但我一點(diǎn)兒也不喜歡雞蛋。
This is ur first lessn, s the teacher desn’t knw all ur names. 這是我們的第一堂課, 因此l老師不知道我們大家的名字。
Hurry up r we will late fr schl. 快一點(diǎn),否則我們要遲到了。
并列連詞(或連接副詞)根據(jù)不同含義, 分為如下幾類:
(1)表示連接, 常用的有and、nt nly. . . but als、neither. . . nr等。
The teacher even tld us a funny stry,and everyne laughed s much! 老師還給我們講了個笑話,惹得每個人都哈哈大笑!
Nt nly had the cuntries fund a path t the future that did nt run ver the relics f the past,but they had als learnt that it was pssible fr cuntries t wrk tgether t build a better tmrrw. 這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價的未來發(fā)展之路,而且明白了多個國家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來的可能性。
Neither she nr her friends thught abut mving the stne ut f the rad. 無論是她自己,還是她的同伴,都沒有想到把石頭從路中間挪開。
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 常用的有but、yet、still、hwever、while等。
This district used t be a pr area f twn, but it is nw a centre fr art, music, and fd.
這個區(qū)過去是城里的一個貧困區(qū)域,而現(xiàn)在是藝術(shù)、音樂和美食中心。
The wrker hunted fr jbs in New Yrk fr mnths, yet he culdn’t find any wrk.
這個工人在紐約找工作已有數(shù)月之久, 但是仍然沒有找到任何工作。
(3)表示選擇, 常用的有r、r else、therwise、either. . . r等。
They must be taken away frm the heat f the fire, r they might get burnt.
必須把它們從爐火邊拿走, 不然就有可能烤糊。
Yu need t pay yur bill immediately,r else yur water and electricity will be cut ff. 你得馬上付你的帳單,否則你的水和電將被切斷。
(4)表示原因, 常用fr。
They had ften heard f elephants, but they had never seen ne, fr being blind, hw culd they?
他們常常聽說大象, 但從來沒看到過, 因?yàn)樗麄兪敲と? 怎么能看到呢?
(5)表示結(jié)果, 常用的有s、therefre。
It was dark, s we went hme.
天晚了, 所以我們就回家了。
The yung by wrked day and night, therefre, he was able t buy s beautiful huse.
那個年輕人夜以繼日地工作, 所以他有能力買那個漂亮的房子。
特殊句式
考點(diǎn)1 倒裝
1:完全倒裝
2:部分倒裝
考點(diǎn)2 省略
1. 不定式的省略
(1)在動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中,為了避免重復(fù),常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞,只保留t,常見的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有expect, frget, hpe, intend, like, lve, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ught, used, be ging, be abut, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be suppsed等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn’t want t.
I didn’t want t g there, but I had t.
— Will yu jin in the game?
— I’d be glad t.
(2)感官動詞(see, feel, hear, ntice, watch, bserve, listen t等)和使役動詞(let, make, have)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時省略t,但在被動式中不能省略(let除外)。
He made me laugh.
Please have him cme here.
I was made t laugh by him.
(3)如果不定式是be動詞或完成式,則須在t后加上be或have。
— Are yu a cllege student?
— N, but I want t be.
(4)介詞but意為“除了”,后接不定式,但如果but前面有行為動詞d, des, did時,but后的不定式去掉t。
I didn’t have any chice but t wait.
I culd d nthing but wait patiently.
(5)不定式作表語,主語部分中出現(xiàn)了行為動詞d, des, did時,作表語的不定式可省略t。
What we must d is (t) prtect the envirnment.
(6)兩個及以上不定式并列,后面的t可省略,第一個t不能省略。
My mther’s jb is t lk after the baby and clean the huse.
2. 虛擬語氣中if的省略
在虛擬條件從句中,如果把助動詞were, had, shuld提到句首,if要省略。
Were I yu, I wuld g with her.
3. 限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
(1)關(guān)系代詞wh, whm, which和that在定語從句中作動詞賓語或作句子末端介詞的賓語時可省略。
Is there anything (that) yu want?
Wh is the man (that) yu were talking t?
(2)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作表語時可省略。
Wuhan tday is nt the city (that) it was.
(3)關(guān)系副詞when, where, why通常不能省略,但有特殊情況,即用于day, year, time, place, smewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nwhere, the reasn等少數(shù)詞后時可以省略(也可換成that),常用于口語。
That was the year (when/that) I first went abrad.
This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.
That’s the reasn (why/fr which/that) he came.
4. 在對話中,常用s或nt來代替上文的一部分或整個從句。這種用法常見的詞有hpe, think, be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppse, imagine, fear, hear等。
— She must lk like a pretty girl.
— Yes, I think s.
— Culd I take this bk ut?
— Srry, I’m afraid nt.
考點(diǎn)3 強(qiáng)調(diào)
考點(diǎn)4 反意疑問句
1:陳述部分含有賓語從句的反意疑問句
2:陳述部分含有否定詞的反意疑問句
考點(diǎn)5 感嘆句
考向01-并列連詞的確定
1.【2023屆遼寧省沈陽市第二中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬考試】He recently returned hme fr a visit and wanted t have sme barbecue, 52 he failed t find seats in fur different restaurants.
【答案】but
【解析】考查連詞。句意:他最近回家探親,想去吃燒烤,但在四家不同的餐館都找不到座位。根據(jù)句意可知,前后兩個句子之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)本地人黃楊回家探親想吃燒烤,但是都找不到座位,空處應(yīng)用連詞but。故填but。
2. (2023·湖北武漢統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測) Atule’er, a 200-year-ld village in Sichuan prvince, made headlines arund the wrld when phtgraphs emerged in 2016 f schlchildren ging dwn the cliff (懸崖) n unstable hand-made ladders (梯子) ________ “sky ladders”, as lcals called them.
【答案】r
【解析】考查連詞。句意:四川有200年歷史的阿土勒爾村在2016年登上了世界各地的頭條新聞,當(dāng)時有照片顯示,小學(xué)生們攀爬不穩(wěn)定的手工梯子,當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q之為“天梯”上下懸崖。空前“hand-made ladders”和空后“sky ladders”是同一事物的兩種稱呼,用r。故填r。
3.【2023屆湖南省長沙市湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬】Cmpared with mre physically demanding sprts such as the ballgames, swimming r gym wrkuts, Baduanjin is slw and usually accmpanied by 36 sft music, 37 it used t be cnsidered as the exclusive sprt fr the elders.
【答案】s
【解析】考查連詞。句意:同上。根據(jù)上文“Baduanjin is slw and usually accmpanied by sft music(八段錦運(yùn)動速度較慢,通常伴隨著輕柔的音樂)”以及下文“it used t be cnsidered as the exclusive sprt fr the elders(它曾被認(rèn)為是老年人的專屬運(yùn)動)”可知上下文之間為因果關(guān)系,空白處應(yīng)填表示因果關(guān)系的連詞,故填s。
考點(diǎn)二 定語從句
命題點(diǎn) 定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定
典例01
(2023·全國乙卷)But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life,with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一個歡迎現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方,21世紀(jì)的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并立。本空引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾名詞place,本空在從句中作主語、指物,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that。
典例02
(2023·全國甲卷)Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
【答案】as
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意:正如Rachel Carsn在《明天的寓言》中所說,今天寓言的形式仍然有價值。此處是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,as作says的賓語,指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。故填as。
典例03
【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù),并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞等于關(guān)系詞,設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語,先行詞為species,且先行詞前為all修飾,只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。
考點(diǎn)1 定語從句的種類
(1)限制性定語從句
從句在句中是不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明確,與主句之間不用逗號隔開。
This is the huse which we bught last mnth.
(2)非限制性定語從句
從句是對主句或先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說明,去掉后不影響主句的意思,與主句之間往往用逗號隔開。
The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, wh was my frmer teacher, retired last year.
My huse, which I bught last year, has gt a lvely garden.
非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
考點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法
1. 限制性定語從句中,只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況:
(1)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few等不定代詞。
I will tell yu everything that I knw.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。
What is the first freign city that yu have ever been t?
(3)先行詞被the nly, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, n, little, much, sme等限定詞修飾。
Chatting is the nly thing that interests her.
(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。
The things and persns that they mentined are strange t me.
(5)在which或wh的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。
Wh is the by that is lying under the tree?
2. 先行詞指物時,只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況:
(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The huse in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定語從句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行詞本身是that。
What is that which yu have put int yur schlbag just nw?
考點(diǎn)4 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)5 關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
1. 位置不同。
as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于句首、句中、句末;which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能位于句首。
As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
2. 意義不同。
as意為“正如,就像”,引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)人的觀點(diǎn)、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義,主要起承上啟下的作用;which意為“這一點(diǎn)”,引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句,補(bǔ)充說明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。
As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被such, s, as等詞修飾時,一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。
Such bks as yu want are sld ut.
考向01-定語從句關(guān)系代詞的確定
1.(2023·湖南省邵陽市第二中月考)Yuth Day in China falls n May 4. It riginates frm the May 4th Mvement, ____36____ happened during Wrld War One. China attended the s called “Peace Cnference” in Paris as ne f the victrius natins.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:它起源于發(fā)生在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的五四運(yùn)動。分析句子可知,句子為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為“May 4th Mvement”,指事物,在從句中作主語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞“which”引導(dǎo)從句。故填which。
2.(2023屆湖北省高三5月國度省考模擬測試試題) Having survived many centuries, kites have becme ne f the cuntry’s representative traditinal handicrafts, ________ making techniques were included in the list f China’s natinal intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)) in 2006.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定語從句。句意同上題。分析句子可知,空格處為非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞,先行詞是kites,和making techniques是所屬關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whse,故填whse。
3.(2023屆湖南省長沙市第一中學(xué)高三模擬試題) Technlgical transfrmatin is affecting the way in ________ peple learn and children grw.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:技術(shù)變革正在影響人們學(xué)習(xí)和兒童成長的方式。定語從句修飾先行詞the way,且the way在從句中作方式狀語,故用in which。故填which。
4. (2023屆河北省衡水中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期五調(diào)試題)Thusands f years ag, they frmed thse ancient tea plantatins,________ are the best gift that nature has granted us.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:幾千年前,他們形成了那些古老的茶園,這是大自然賜予我們最好的禮物。 空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞thse ancient tea plantatins(指物),從句缺主語,故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。
考向02-定語從句關(guān)系副詞的確定
1.(2023年浙江寧波鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)測試) T practise calligraphy requires the basic tls f fur treasures f study, writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much cncentratin n guiding the sft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing n the paper________the ink will diffuse (擴(kuò)散) quickly.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:同上。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞paper,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故填where。
2.(2023年浙江省北斗星盟高三5月聯(lián)考試題)Taiping Kwkui. Every spring fggy days misten the emerald hillsides, villagers knw their harvest will cme.
【答案】when
【解析】考查連詞。句意:每年春天,當(dāng)霧氣籠罩著翠綠的山坡時,村民們知道他們的收成就要到來了。根據(jù)句意可知,此處為連詞when“當(dāng)……時候”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,滿足句意要求。故填when。
考點(diǎn)三 名詞性從句
命題點(diǎn)01 賓語從句
典例01
【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my sn's life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw ___45___ t thank him. ”
【答案】 hw
【解析】考查特殊疑問詞。句意:我不知道如何去感謝他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處填寫的是特殊疑問詞+t d不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。根據(jù)句意,hw意為“如何”,符合句意。故填hw。
典例02
(2022年浙江1月)Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ______ she culd d s remtely.
【答案】if/whether
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:對于她的出席,Cbb開始詢問邀請她的組織者是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個賓語從句,賓語從句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合語境,故填whether或if。
典例03
【2021新高考1卷】Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】1: 考查名詞性從句。分析題目,空格處無提示詞。分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,_____is s breathing abut the experience 作 is 的主語,為主語從句。從句中缺少主語,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
命題點(diǎn)02 主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句
典例01
【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】They als need t be ready t give ___41_interviews__ (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer.
【答案】why
【解析】考查表語從句。句意:這就是他們需要英語培訓(xùn)師的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)該用連接副詞連接,前文提到需要培訓(xùn)師的原因,此處是表達(dá)“這就是他們需要英語培訓(xùn)師的原因”之意,應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語從句。故填why。
典例02
【2019年全國卷 Ⅰ】. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知,主句為there be句型,且結(jié)構(gòu)完整,空格后為同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容,故填that。
考點(diǎn)1 基本用法
考點(diǎn)2 主語從句
1. 引導(dǎo)詞
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主句主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有:
(1)從屬連詞: that, whether, if
(2)連接代詞:what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
(3)連接副詞:hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
2. it作形式主語
在通常情況下,that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,常用it作形式主語,而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語通常有以下四種句型:
(1)It+be+形容詞+從句:
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is imprtant that... 重要的是……
It is bvius that... 很明顯……
(2)It+be+過去分詞+從句:
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is knwn t all that... 眾所周知……
It has been decided that... 已決定……
(3)It+be+名詞(短語)+從句:
It is cmmn knwledge that... ……是常識
It is a surprise that... 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事實(shí)是……
(4)It+不及物動詞/動詞短語+從句:
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It ccurs t sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It desn’t matter whether... ……沒有關(guān)系
考點(diǎn)3 賓語從句
考點(diǎn)4 表語從句
1. 引導(dǎo)詞
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句叫作表語從句,可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, remain, appear等。表語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有:
(1)從屬連詞: that, whether
(2)連接代詞: what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
(3)連接副詞: hw, when, where, why
2. 幾種特殊的表語從句
(1) as if/thugh 引導(dǎo)的表語從句
此類表語從句常出現(xiàn)在seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, appear等連系動詞后,從句可用陳述語氣,也可用虛擬語氣。
It sunds as if yu are frm Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.
(2) because和why引導(dǎo)的表語從句
此類表語從句常用于以下句型:
this/that is why... 這/那是……的原因
this/that is because... 這/那是因?yàn)椤?br>注意:主句主語是reasn時,表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo),而不用because或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
The reasn fr yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
考點(diǎn)5 同位語從句
考點(diǎn)6 連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用
1. 用whether或if均可的情況
(1) whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動詞后的賓語從句時,兩者均可。
(2) it作形式主語,且主語從句在句末時,兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abrad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情況
(1)主語從句和賓語從句置于句首
Whether we will g camping depends n the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句
The questin is whether we can get in tuch with him.
He must answer the questin whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句
Everything depends n whether we have free time.
(4)引導(dǎo)詞與r nt連用
He desn’t knw whether r nt he is ging t stay.
(5)引導(dǎo)詞后接t d
They needed mre time t cnsider whether t hld a meeting.
(6)有些動詞如discuss, decide等后的賓語從句
We discussed whether we shuld hld a meeting.
(7)避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義
Let me knw whether yu are cming t ur party.
考向01-賓語從句連接詞的確定
1. [八省1月聯(lián)考]Any seasned language learner will tell yu _______ the beauty f mastering a freign language is the wrld which it pens up t yu.
【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語從句。任何一個經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的語言學(xué)習(xí)者都會告訴你,掌握一門外語的美妙之處在于它為你打開的世界。此處句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,that在此不作成分,沒有意思,只起連接作用。故填that。
2.(2023·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江南京部分學(xué)校九校高三學(xué)情調(diào)研聯(lián)考)Breathwrk is thught t influence the vagus nerve, which stretches frm the brain t the gut and makes up the majrity f ___57___ is knwn as the parasympathetic nervus system.
【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:呼吸訓(xùn)練被認(rèn)為會影響迷走神經(jīng),迷走神經(jīng)從大腦延伸到腸道,構(gòu)成了副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的大部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,表示“什么”,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)從句。故填what。
考向02-主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句連接詞的確定
[ 2022·吉林省吉林市高三第一次調(diào)研考試]Li is nt withut criticism. Sme peple have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable ______ she lks s perfect after a lng day f wrk in the fields.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主語從句。有些人表示懷疑,因?yàn)樵谝巴夤ぷ髁艘惶熘?,她看起來如此完美,這令人難以置信。此處是一個主語從句,it為形式主語,真正的主語為空格處引導(dǎo)的從句,從句不缺成分,且意義完整,故應(yīng)用that。故填that。
(2023·福建龍巖·第一中學(xué)三模)The reasn why human culture can be exchanged and spread is ________ the civilizatin itself has deep value.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表語從句。句意:人類文化之所以能夠交流和傳播,是因?yàn)槲拿鞅旧砭哂猩詈竦膬r值??仗幰龑?dǎo)表語從句,從句不缺少任何成分,且句意完整,應(yīng)用無任何意義只起連接作用的that引導(dǎo),故填that。
考點(diǎn)四 狀語從句
命題點(diǎn) 狀語從句連接詞的確定
典例01
【2022年天津卷第二次】________ we achieve great success in ur wrk, we shuld nt be t prud.
A. Ever sinceB. Even ifC. In caseD. As thugh
【答案】B
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:即使在工作中取得巨大成功,我們也不應(yīng)該驕傲。A. Ever since自從;B. Even if即使,盡管;C. In case以免;D. As thugh好像。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句,結(jié)合句意可知,兩個句子之間為讓步關(guān)系,even if意為“即使,盡管”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
典例02
【2020 全國三卷】 5 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
【答案】When 或 As
【解析】考查連接詞。句意:當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時間狀語從句,表示"當(dāng)……時候",且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞,不能用while引導(dǎo),故應(yīng)用when或as引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。
典例03
【2019年全國卷III】 On ur way t the huse,it was raining ___61___ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62t get___ (get)there.
【答案】s
【解析】考查副詞。句意:在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞希晗碌萌绱舜笠灾劣谖覀儾荒懿幌脒€要多久才能到達(dá)那里?!皊…that…”意為“如此…以至于…”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填s。
狀語從句的類型及常見連接詞
考點(diǎn)1 時間狀語從句
考點(diǎn)2 結(jié)果狀語從句
考點(diǎn)3 讓步狀語從句
考點(diǎn)4 條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常用連接詞有if, nce, unless, in case, as/s lng as, n cnditin that, suppsing (that), given (that), prviding/prvided (that) 等。
1. if
(1)若主句為將來時,if從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。
If it snws tmrrw, we will g skiing.
(2) if pssible/necessary意為“如有可能,如有必要”。
If (it is) necessary, please bring yur cmputer here.
(3) nly if和 if nly
nly if意為“只有”, 置于句首時主句的主謂要用部分倒裝。if nly 意為“但愿,要是……就好了”,引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣。
Only if yu wrk harder can yu catch up with thers.
If nly it culd be sunny tmrrw.
2. unless
unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,表示“除非,否則”,可替換成if... nt...。
Please dn’t speak, unless yu are invited.
=Please dn’t speak, if yu are nt invited.
考點(diǎn)5 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句一般位于句尾,常用than, as... as..., nt as/s... as...等引導(dǎo)。
1. than前的形容詞和副詞用比較級形式。
It’s easier than I thught.
I sing better than he des. = He desn’t sing as well as I d.
2. as... as...表示“前者與后者一樣……”,nt as/s... as...表示“前者不如后者……”,形容詞和副詞均用原級。常用于以下句型:
as+adj. /adv. +as
as+adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as
as+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as
as+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+as
I have as gd a sister as yu have.
I’m nt as cnsiderate as s many peple seem t think.
They are having almst as much unemplyment as we are.
考點(diǎn)6 狀語從句中的省略
1. 在時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、讓步或比較狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句和主句主語一致,且從句中又有be動詞時,可將從句主語及be動詞省略。
He pened the desk drawer, as if (he was) in search f smething imprtant.
2. 當(dāng)從句主語為代詞it,從句中又有be動詞時,從句主語及be動詞可省略。
Cme alng with yur teacher if (it is) pssible.
3. 當(dāng)從句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時,there be可省略。
Yu can ask me questins if (there are) any.
4. 在as, than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,可省略與主句中重復(fù)的任何成分及be動詞。
She speaks English better than he (speaks English).
Yu shuld d it as (yu were) tld t (d it).
考點(diǎn)7 狀語從句中的倒裝
1. n sner... than...和hardly/scarcely... when...引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,n sner和hardly/scarcely位于句首時,需將n sner和hardly/scarcely所在的句子部分倒裝,且常用過去完成時,其后的than和when連接的句子不倒裝,常用一般過去時。
Hardly had he begun t speak when his wife stpped him.
2. nt until...位于句首時,主句要部分倒裝,nt until從句不倒裝。
Nt until he came back yesterday evening did we finish the wrk.
3. if虛擬條件狀語從句謂語含were, shuld, had時可將if省略,把were, shuld, had移至主語前。
Shuld he be here (= If he shuld be here) next week, he wuld help us.
4. s... that...和such... that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,若將“s +adj./adv.”或“such +n.”置于句首,主句要部分倒裝。
S mved was she that she culd nt say a wrd.
5. as/thugh引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+as/thugh+主語+謂語,動詞+as/thugh+主語+助動詞。若是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),前置時要省略冠詞a/an。
Child as/thugh he is, he can take care f himself.
Try as/thugh he might, he culd nt find a jb.
Much as/thugh I like it, I wn’t buy it.
6. hwever, whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Hwever/N matter hw hard he wrked, he culdn’t slve the prblem.
Whatever/N matter what reasns yu have, yu shuld carry ut yur prmise.
考向01-狀語從句從屬連詞的確定
1.【2023屆浙江省9 1高中聯(lián)盟年高三5月高考模擬試卷】Many civilian teams actively jined rescue wrk ________ China increased its aid t Turkey and neighbring Syria.
【答案】as/when
【解析】考查時間狀語從句。句意:當(dāng)中國增加對土耳其和鄰國敘利亞的援助時,許多民間救援隊(duì)積極參與救援工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知, China increased its aid t Turkey and neighbring Syria.是時間狀語從句,連詞用as/when。故填as/when。
2.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三5月適應(yīng)性考試】The city was barely knwn by utsiders 13 it went viral n Chinese scial media platfrms recently.
【答案】befre/until
【解析】考查連詞。句意:最近在中國社交媒體平臺上走紅之前,這座城市幾乎不為外人所知。分析句子可知,空處缺從屬連詞連接句子引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,不為人所知是發(fā)生在走紅之前的動作,用befre。再者nt…until意為“直到……才……”。也可以填寫until。故填befre/until。
無提示詞從句的解題技巧
[技法指導(dǎo)1] ---填并列連詞
(1)當(dāng)空格前后是兩個并列成分,如兩個單詞、短語或主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子等,而且并列成分之間存在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇或因果關(guān)系時,空格處一般填并列連詞。
(2)并列句一般由“簡單句+并列連詞十簡單句”構(gòu)成,有時并列連詞前有逗號,可以根據(jù)上下句的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系判斷連詞。
[示例1](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights
The whle adventure _______ ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching legs.
[分析] 考查連詞??崭窈蟮膭釉~ ffers 與前面的動詞 highlights 構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,故填 and。
[技法指導(dǎo)2]----填從屬連詞
從屬連詞是指三大從句的引導(dǎo)詞,即用來引導(dǎo)名詞性從'句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞與關(guān)系詞。判斷空格處填哪一類引導(dǎo)詞,首先要看它所引導(dǎo)的是哪一種從句,然后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的種類和功能來確定填哪一個引導(dǎo)詞。
(1)名詞性從句: 從句不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,填 that;有“是否”之意,填whether/if。從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語時,填連接代詞;缺少狀語,填連接副詞。
[示例] (2021·新高考I卷) ______is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld
scenes.
[分析] 考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“ is s breathtaking abut the experience”是主語從 句,空處在從句中作主語,表示“事物”,且位于句首。故填What。
(2)定語從句: 當(dāng)確定為定語從句后,先分析先行詞,再分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?由這兩方面來確定使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞,以及具體使用哪個關(guān)系詞。
[示例] Let’s visit the Frbidden City, art cllectins are brught tgether in ne impressive museum.
[分析] 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞為“the Frbidden City”,空格處應(yīng)填定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,且從句中缺少狀語,先行詞為地點(diǎn),所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。
(3)狀語從句: 當(dāng)確定為狀語從句后,分析從句在句子中充當(dāng)什么狀語:時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的或其他,再根據(jù)句意和語境來確定從屬連詞。
[示例] (2020·全國卷Ⅲ) _______he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
[分析] 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是一個主從復(fù)合句,逗號前面是時間狀語從句,故用連詞 when 或 as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填 When/As。
1.(浙江省金華十校2022-2023學(xué)年高三4月模擬考試預(yù)演預(yù)演試題)The unfreseen event made researchers excavate (挖掘) and dcument at least parts f this city as quickly as pssible______it sank again.
【答案與解析】befre。考查連詞。句意:這一始料未及的事件促使研究人員在這座城市再次沉沒之前,盡快挖掘并記錄了至少部分地區(qū)的情況。根據(jù)語境可知,空格處意為“在……之前”,用befre,故填befre。
2. (2023屆吉林省長春市東北師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬)A giant Ferris wheel in the shape f a snwflake has been built in the park t prvide turists with a unique experience in a dazzling wrld _______ night falls.
【答案與解析】when??疾檫B詞。句意:公園里建造了一個巨大的雪花形狀的摩天輪,當(dāng)夜幕降臨時,游客可以在一個令人眼花繚亂的世界中獲得獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。分析句子成分可知,空處應(yīng)為連詞。結(jié)合句意,當(dāng)夜幕降臨,表示時間狀語從句。故填when。
3.(2023屆江蘇省蘇北七市高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試題)Tday, the time-hnred flk art f the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the yung peple _________ is presenting its lively artistic charm (魅力) n a glbal stage.
【答案與解析】and。考查連詞。句意:今天,靖西太平鼓這一歷史悠久的民間藝術(shù)正在被年輕人所接受,并在世界舞臺上展示著其生動的藝術(shù)魅力。結(jié)合句意分析句子,“is being taken up...”和“is presenting ...”是并列謂語動詞,用連詞and連接。故填and。
4. (2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三第二次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價檢測英語試題)The heritage site includes city ruins with palace remains, 11 early-stage dams, ____85____ high-level cemetery sites.
【答案與解析】 and??疾椴⒘羞B詞。句意:遺產(chǎn)包括城市遺址和宮殿遺跡,11個早期大壩和高級墓地遺址。分析句子可知,此處與空前的“city ruins with palace remains”為并列結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合句意可知,兩者均是the heritage site所包含的內(nèi)容,所以此處應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系。故填and。
5. (2023屆浙江省杭州市高三下學(xué)期第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題)Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularly during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flurished thrughut the Sng Dynasty, _______ tea had becme a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther imprtant items, such as rice, il and salt, as suggested by Sng plitician and thinker Wang Anshi.
【答案與解析】when. 考查定語從句。句意:中國茶文化在唐朝(618-907)開始流行,并在整個宋朝蓬勃發(fā)展,當(dāng)時茶已經(jīng)成為幾乎所有人的必需品,從貴族、學(xué)者到普通人,就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建議的大米、油和鹽等其他重要物品一樣。分析句子可知,句子為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為“Sng Dynasty”,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞“when”引導(dǎo)從句。故填when。
6.(2023屆湘豫兩省名校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試題)A large number f visitrs have paid a visit t the exhibitin s far,_______demnstrates lcal peple’s enthusiasm fr traditinal Chinese culture.
【答案與解析】which??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:到目前為止,已有大量參觀者參觀了該展覽,這體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駥χ袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文化的熱情。分析句子可知,空格處為非限制性定語從句,修飾前面整個句子,關(guān)系詞代替句中所述之事在定語從句中作主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。
7.(2023屆湘豫兩省名校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試題)There is n dubt_________mre and mre peple will lve Chinese culture in the future.
【答案與解析】that??疾槊~性從句。句意:毫無疑問,將來會有越來越多的人喜歡中國文化。There is n dubt that...是固定句型,意為“毫無疑問,……”,其中that引導(dǎo)同位語從名。故填that。
8.(2023屆江蘇省蘇北七市高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試題)Traditinal Chinese aesthetic (美學(xué)的) cncepts are reflected in the drum playing, all f ________ represent distinctive lcal features.
【答案與解析】which。考查定語從句。句意:鼓樂體現(xiàn)了中國傳統(tǒng)的審美觀念,具有鮮明的地方特色。分析句子可知,空格處為非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞the drum playing,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作介詞f的賓語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。
9.(河南省鄭州市2022-2023學(xué)年高中下學(xué)期畢業(yè)年級第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測英語試題)Because texts are mre cmplex ________the meaning f every wrd cmbined, language mdels require a type f neural (神經(jīng)的)netwrk that can make sense f texts.
【答案與解析】than??疾楸容^級。句意:由于文本比每個單詞的意義組合起來更復(fù)雜,語言模型需要一種能夠理解文本的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由mre cmplex可知,前后文表示比較,故填than。
10.(河南省鄭州市2022-2023學(xué)年高中下學(xué)期畢業(yè)年級第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測英語試題)The neural netwrk can infer ________the wrd means by tracking where it appears in a sentence. Transfrmer can therefre cllect the meaning f texts mre accurately.
【答案與解析】what??疾橘e語從句。句意:神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通過追蹤單詞在句子中的出現(xiàn)位置來推斷單詞的意思。分析句子可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句缺少means的賓語,指物,用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)從句,故填what。
11. (2023屆新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試題)Chinese tea culture, _______ has been cnnecting China with the rest f the wrld thrughut the ages, will carry frward in the future.
【答案與解析】which??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:古往今來,中國茶文化將中國與世界其他國家聯(lián)系在一起,在未來將繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chinese tea culture,從句缺少主語,指物。故填which。
12. (2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三第二次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價檢測英語試題)The ruins, ________ cre area cvers 14.3 square kilmeters in the nrthwest f Hangzhu, are cnsidered as imprtant representatin f early urban civilizatin, with rice-grwing agriculture as the ecnmic fundatin.
【答案與解析】whse??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:該遺址的核心區(qū)域位于杭州西北部,占地14.3平方公里,被認(rèn)為是早期城市文明的重要代表,以水稻種植農(nóng)業(yè)為經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,先行詞the ruins與空后的cre area之間為所屬關(guān)系,所以使用關(guān)系代詞whse。故填whse。
13.(2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三第二次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價檢測英語試題)The heritage site includes city ruins with palace remains, 11 early-stage dams, ________ high-level cemetery sites.
【答案與解析】and.考查并列連詞。句意:遺產(chǎn)包括城市遺址和宮殿遺跡,11個早期大壩和高級墓地遺址。分析句子可知,此處與空前的“city ruins with palace remains”為并列結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合句意可知,兩者均是the heritage site所包含的內(nèi)容,所以此處應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系。故填and。
14.(2023屆江蘇省南京市高三第二次調(diào)研考試英語試題)And the Ming Dynasty marked a bm in the ecnmy f Suzhu, the very perid ________ turned the city int a majr cultural center.
【答案與解析】that.考查定語從句。句意:明朝標(biāo)志著蘇州經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮,也正是在這個時期,蘇州成為了一個重要的文化中心。定語從句修飾先行詞perid,從句缺少主語,由the very修飾只能用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
15.(2023屆四川省成都市高中畢業(yè)班第二次診斷性檢測英語試題)Galactic Energy cnducted the first Ceres-1 launch n Nvember 7, 2020, ____ ___ makes it the secnd Chinese private cmpany t launch a satellite int lw Earth rbit successfully.
【答案與解析】which??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:星河動力于2020年11月7日首次發(fā)射谷神星一號,這是中國第二家成功將衛(wèi)星送入近地軌道的民營企業(yè)。這里為定語從句的關(guān)系詞,先行詞為主句一句話,在非限制性定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
16. (2023屆湖南省九校聯(lián)盟高三第二次聯(lián)考英語試題)Mrever, fr thse wh lve hiking, jgging r cycling, the Thusand Islands Lake in Chun’an Cunty is an ideal destinatin__ __ it basts 1, 078 islands, winding rads and charming villages.
【答案與解析】as/because/ since/ fr. 考查連詞。句意:此外,對于那些喜歡徒步旅行、慢跑或騎自行車的人來說,淳安縣的千島湖是一個理想的目的地,因?yàn)樗鼡碛?078個島嶼、蜿蜒的道路和迷人的村莊。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為連詞;根據(jù)句意,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,表示“因?yàn)椤?。故填as/because/since/fr。
17.(2023屆遼寧省縣級重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)合體4月份第二次模擬考試英語試題)Hikers at the Great Wall ________ have cme acrss Zhu Wenjun cnsider themselves lucky.
【答案與解析】wh/that. 考查定語從句。句意:在長城上偶遇周文君的徒步旅行者認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句為限制性定語從句,先行詞是Hikers,從句缺少主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞wh或that引導(dǎo)。故填 wh/that。
18. (2023屆云南省第二次高中畢業(yè)生復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測英語試題)These science knwledge cmpetitins have been cntinuusly ) held fr 12 years, attracting 60,000 teams__________invlving millins f students and teachers.
【答案與解析】and. 考查連詞。句意:在當(dāng)?shù)夭┪镳^和自然科學(xué)組織的支持下,這些科學(xué)知識競賽已經(jīng)連續(xù)舉辦了12年,吸引了6萬個團(tuán)隊(duì),數(shù)百萬學(xué)生和教師參與。此處attracting 60,000 teams與invlving millins f students and teachers為并列關(guān)系,故用連詞and。故填and。
19. (2023屆云南省第二次高中畢業(yè)生復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測英語試題)In this prgramme, students develp prblem-slving abilities, deepen crss-cultural understanding, and explre________the future state f the natural wrld will be like.
【答案與解析】what . 考查賓語從句。句意:在這個課程中,學(xué)生培養(yǎng)解決問題的能力,加深跨文化理解,并探索自然世界的未來狀態(tài)將是什么樣子。引導(dǎo)賓語從句,表示“什么樣子”,故用what。故填what。
20. (2023屆寧夏銀川市高三下學(xué)期第二次統(tǒng)考試卷英語試題)The sellers frm restaurants sell the fd dr t dr, especially in the entertainment places like theaters, ________ are crwded with many peple.
【答案與解析】which.考查定語從句。句意:餐館的小販挨家挨戶地推銷食品,尤其是在戲院這樣的娛樂場所,那里擠滿了人??仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞the entertainment places,指物,且從句中缺少主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which來引導(dǎo),故填which。
考點(diǎn)
考查內(nèi)容
高考考題設(shè)問
并列句和特殊句式
核心價值:
高考英語試卷試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義先進(jìn)文化的考查,充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。融入中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的文化自信。如 2023年新高考全國I卷語法填空介紹小籠包;又如 2022年新高考全國I卷語法填空語篇報(bào)道中國設(shè)立大熊貓保護(hù)國家公園的情況,介紹中國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)成就。這些語篇和情境通過講述中國故事,以浸潤的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義核心價值觀的認(rèn)同,增強(qiáng)文化自信,厚植愛國主義情懷。
學(xué)科素養(yǎng):
從選材方面來說,近幾年的語法填空選材新穎,緊跟時代腳步和熱門話題,體現(xiàn)時代性和立德樹人,強(qiáng)調(diào)中國元素,引入傳統(tǒng)文化的介紹,融入人與自然和諧發(fā)展的觀念,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展。
從考查的能力方面來說,在高考試卷中,語法填空對英語學(xué)習(xí)的考查是多方面的,主要從單詞的記憶、語法知識的掌握、長難句分析和語言的感知、推理能力、邏輯判斷能力和思維能力等。從考查的考點(diǎn)角度分析,主要考查點(diǎn)包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),代詞的指代,冠詞的用法,介詞、動詞短語的固定搭配,形容詞、副詞的變形,謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài),動詞的非謂語形式變化,并列連詞和復(fù)合句的考查等。
2023年新高考I卷語法填空: r
2023年新高考II卷語法填空: and
2023年全國乙卷語法填空:but
2023年(1月)語法填空: and
2022年新高考I卷語法填空:and
2022年新高考II卷語法填空: and2022年全國乙卷語法填空:and
2021年新高考I卷語法填空: and
2021年新高考II卷語法填空: and
2021年全國甲卷語法填空: but
2021年浙江卷(1月)語法填空: and
2022年新高考II卷語法填空: hw +t d 作賓語
定語從句
2023年全國甲卷語法填空:where;as
2023年全國乙卷語法填空: which/that
2023年北京卷語法填空: where
2022年新高考I卷語法填空: that
2022年全國甲卷語法填空:wh
2022年北京卷語法填空:which
2022年浙江卷(1月)語法填空: that/wh
2021年新高考II卷語法填空: which或that
2021年北京卷語法填空:that;where
2021年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:that 或 which
名詞性從句
2023年新高考II卷語法填空: why表語從句
2023年浙江卷(1月)語法填空: whether或if賓語從句
2022年新高考II卷語法填空: hw +t d 作賓語
2022年北京卷語法填空: whether賓語從句
2021年新高考I卷語法填空:what 主語從句
用法
連詞
表并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系
and,bth... and...,neither... nr...,nt nly... but als... ,as well as
表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but(不可與althugh/thugh連用), yet
表選擇關(guān)系
either... r... ,nt... but...,r,r else,rather than
表因果關(guān)系
fr(表“由于”,一般不放在句首),s
and與r用
于并列句
祈使句+and+陳述句,and表順承
祈使句+r+陳述句,r表轉(zhuǎn)折
while表對比
強(qiáng)調(diào)對比關(guān)系,意為“然而;而”
種類
倒裝條件
例句
完全
倒裝
here,there,up,dwn,in,ut,ff,away等副詞開頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
Out rushed the children.
表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語作狀語位于句首
Under the tree std tw tables and fur chairs.
強(qiáng)調(diào)表語,置于句首,或?yàn)楸3志渥悠胶?br>Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
種類
倒裝條件
例句
部分
倒裝
never,hardly,scarcely,seldm,little,nt until,nt等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首
Hardly did I knw what had happened.
nly和修飾的狀語放于句首
Only then did he realize the imprtance f English.
nt als...連接并列的句子,前倒后不倒
Nt nly des he knw French,but als he is expert at it.
連接并列的句子,前后都倒裝
Neither d I knw it,nr d I care abut it.
,中的s或such及被修飾的成分放于句首時,主謂要倒裝
S busy is he that he cannt g n a hliday.
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語
Child as he is,he has learned a lt.
s,neither或nr表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事
He can play the pian.S can I.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
May yu be in gd health!
省略if的虛擬條件
Were I yu,I wuld nt d it in this way.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+wh/that+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時,可用wh或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時,用that
It was Jhn wh (that) wre his best suit t the dance last night.
It was his best suit that Jhn wre t the dance last night.
疑問句形式為 “Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/wh+其他成分”或“特殊疑問詞+is/was it+that/wh+其他成分”
Was it in high schl that yu began playing basketball?
Where was it that yu put yur mbile phne after cming back?
結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時,nt與until要放在一起
It was nt until he remved his sunglasses that I recgnized him.
當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時,反意疑問部分的主語與謂語常和主句保持一致
He said that they wuld cme t my birthday party,didn’t he?
當(dāng)陳述部分主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppse,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主語為第一人稱時,反意疑問部分的主語和謂語與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致;當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主語為第二、三人稱時,反意疑問部分的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語保持一致
I expect ur English teacher will be back this weekend,wn’t he/she?
They dn’t believe he will succeed,d they?
陳述部分帶有seldm,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nthing,nbdy等否定詞時,反意疑問部分用肯定形式
He culd hardly speak English,culd he?
帶有表示否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞時,其反意疑問部分用否定形式
He dislikes playing the pian,desn’t he?
What a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!
What an interesting stry it is!
What a happy day it is!
What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!
What beautiful butterflies they are!
Hw+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!
Hw tall a by he is!
Hw+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!
Hw well she plays!
關(guān)系詞
先行詞
從句成分
例句
備注
關(guān)
系
代
詞
wh
人
主語
D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
whm,which和that在從句中作賓語時,??梢允÷?但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that
whm
人
賓語
Mr Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人、物
定語
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人、物
主語、賓語
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主語、賓語
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
The picture which was abut the accident was terrible.
as
人、物
主語、賓語
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as作賓語一般不省略
關(guān)
系
副
詞
when
時間
時間狀語
I will never frget the day when we met there.
可用n which替換
where
地點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn)狀語
This is the huse where I was brn.
可用in which替換
why
原因
原因狀語
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which替換
類別
語法意義及特征
例句
限制性定語從句
對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語從句
對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當(dāng)于一個插入語,不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時也不能省略
His mther,whm he lved deeply,died ten years ag.
引導(dǎo)詞類別
常見引導(dǎo)詞
作用
連接代詞
what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語、或定語等成分
連接副詞
hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分
從屬連詞
that, whether, if
除that外均有詞義,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,只起連接作用
動詞+賓語從句
I want t knw what he has tld yu.
介詞+wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
His father is wrried abut whether he wuld lse his wrk.
besides/beynd/but/except/that (除了)
Have yu heard anything beynd that he is ill?
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us crrect ur mistakes.
find,feel,think,cnsider,make,believe等+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.
hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等+it+賓語從句
I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.
形容詞+賓語從句
I’m sure that they can make it.
常見的能接同位語從句的名詞
belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt,news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin,explanatin,infrmatin,thught,wrd
引導(dǎo)詞
同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略
例句
The news that ur wmen vlleyball team had wn the champinship encuraged us all greatly.
The questin where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
狀語從句類型
常見連接詞
時間狀語從句
when, while, as, befre, after, since, till, until, immediately, as sn as, every time
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
where, wherever
讓步狀語從句
thugh/althugh, even if/even thugh, while, “疑問詞-ever”, “n matter+疑問詞”
條件狀語從句
if, nce, unless, in case, as/s lng as, n cnditin that
原因狀語從句
because, as, since, nw that, seeing that, in that, cnsidering that, fr the reasn that
結(jié)果狀語從句
s that, s/such... that
目的狀語從句
s that, in rder that, fr fear (that), in case
比較狀語從句
than, as... as, nt s... as
方式狀語從句
as, as if/as thugh
關(guān)聯(lián)詞或短語
意義
例句
when,while,as
當(dāng)……的時候
He jumped up when the phne rang.
We listened while the teacher read.
The phne rang just as I was leaving.
(as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生;while從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動詞)
till,until
直到
Jane cmpleted her last nvel Persuasin in 1816,but it was nt published until after her death.(until要與延續(xù)性動詞連用; 要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用)
since
自從
It is tw years since he jined the army.他參軍兩年了。
It is tw years since he smked.他戒煙兩年了。
(其后所用動詞不同,該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計(jì)算方法也不同)
the mment,the minute,the instant,the secnd;n ;;as sn as;directly,
immediately,nce
一……
就……
Tell him the news as sn as yu see him.
I recgnized her the mment (that) I saw her.
I want t see him the minute (that) he arrives.
I went hme directly I had finished wrk.
Once he arrives,we can start.
關(guān)聯(lián)短語或結(jié)構(gòu)
意義
例句
s that
結(jié)果
He didn’t plan his time well,s that he didn’t finish his wrk in time.
s+形容詞/副詞+that從句
如此……
以至于
……
Xia Ming is s clever that all his teachers like him.
s+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句
It is s beautiful a scenery that many peple lk lst in it.
s+ many/much/little/few+名詞+that從句
There was s little water in the jar that it was nt enugh fr all f us.
such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句
We left in such a hurry that we frgt t lck the dr.
such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句
They are such interesting bks that I want t read them nce mre.
關(guān)聯(lián)詞或短語
意義
例句
thugh,althugh
雖然
Althugh/Thugh small,the cmpany has abut 1,000 buyers in ver 30 cuntries.(althugh和thugh用正常語序,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用)
as
雖然
Hard as/thugh he wrks,he makes little prgress.=Thugh he wrks hard,he makes little prgress.
(在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式,可被thugh替換)
even if,even thugh
即使
Even thugh/if yu say s,I d nt believe it.
n matter what,whatever,n matter wh,whever,n matter which,whichever,n matter hw,hwever,n matter when,whenever
無論……
Whever breaks laws will be punished.=N matter wh breaks laws,he/she will be punished.
(“疑問詞+ever”=“n matter +疑問詞”,“疑問詞+ever”也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)
while
盡管,雖然
While he lves his students,he is very strict with them.
(一般位于句首,用于句中時,譯為“然而”,表對照對比關(guān)系)
nt
無論(是否)
Whether yu believe it r nt,it is true.
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