高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解一輪練習(xí)（7）

這是一份高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解一輪練習(xí)（7），共11頁。
Sil is made up f a number f layers(層),each having its wn distinctive clur and texture. The upper layer is knw as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water lss. The tpsil layer is made up f small particles f rck mixed with rtten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖質(zhì)),which is black and gives the tpsil its dark clur. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,xygen,and water. Belw the tpsil is the subsil,a layer that cntains mre stnes mixed with nly small amunts f rganic matter. This layer is lighter in clur because f the lack f humus. Beneath the sil lies a layer f bedrck.
Sil frms frm the bttm up. Over time bedrck is attacked by rain,wind,frst,and snw. It is gradually brken dwn int smaller particles in a prcess called weathering. Plants begin t grw,and rtten materials enrich the tpsil. Mst f the sil in Eastern Canada,fr example,was frmed frm weathered rck that was expsed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ag.
Water Beneath the Sil
Surface water cllects and flws abve the grund in lakes,pnds,and rivers. Once in the sil r rck,it is called grundwater. Gravity pulls grundwater thrugh the sil in a prcess called perclatin(滲透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrck thrugh which water cannt perclate.
As water perclates dwnward,it disslves rganic matter and minerals frm the sil and carries them t deeper layers. This causes a serius prblem because plants require these nutrients fr grwth.
Sil pH
Sil can be acidic,neutral,r basic. The pH f the sil is determined by the nature f the rck frm which it was frmed,and by the nature f the plants that grw and rt in it.
The acidity f rain and snw can lwer the pH f the grundwater that enters the sil. By burning fssil fuels such as cal,il and gasline,humans have been cntributing t higher levels f acidity in many sils. When fssil fuels are burned,gases are released int the air and then fall back t earth as acid rain. Acid sil increases the prblem f carrying nutrients t lwer sil levels. As nutrients are remved,sil is less fertile. Plants grw mre slwly in acidic sil,and als becme easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer f sil that prvides necessary nutrients fr plant grwth is called .
A. litter B. tpsil C. humus D. Subsil
2. Accrding t the text,which f the fllwing isNOT true?
A. Sil frms frm weathered rck n the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer f sil is darker in clur than the surface sil.
C. Air pllutin is partially respnsible fr acid sil.
D. Grundwater tends t carry away nutrients fr plant grwth.
3. We can infer frm the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the tpsil layer and the subsil layer
B. in the subsil layer abve bedrck
C. between the subsil layer and bedrck
D. in the bedrck layer beneath the subsil
4. The underlined wrd“disslve” is used t express the idea that rganic matter and minerals frm sil are .
A. rushed away int the river B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destryed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and becme part f it
【參考答案】1--4、BBCD
社會生活類閱讀理解。
Sprts accunt fr a grwing amunt f incme made n the sales f cmmercial time by televisin cmpanies. Many televisin cmpanies have used sprts t attract viewers frm particular sectins f the general public, and then they have sld audiences t advertisers.
An attractin f sprt prgrams fr the majr U.S. media cmpanies is that events are ften held n Saturday and Sunday afternns—the slwest time perids f the week fr general televisin viewing. Sprt events are the mst ppular weekend prgrams, especially amng male viewers wh may nt watch much televisin at ther times during the week. This means the televisin netwrks are able t sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what nrmally wuld be dead time fr prgramming.
Media crpratins als use sprts t attract cmmercial spnsrs that might take their advertising dllars elsewhere if televisin statins did nt reprt certain sprts. The peple in the advertising departments f majr crpratins realize that sprts attract male viewers. They als realize that mst business travelers are men and that many men make family decisins n the purchases f cmputers, cars and life insurance.
Glf and tennis are special cases fr televisin prgramming. These sprts attract few viewers, and the ratings (收視率) are unusually lw. Hwever, the audience fr these sprts is attractive t certain advertisers. It is made up f peple frm the highest incme grups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why televisin reprting f glf and tennis is spnsred by cmpanies selling high- priced cars, business and persnal cmputers, and hliday trips. This is als why the netwrks cntinue t carry these prgrams regardless f lw ratings. Advertisers are willing t pay high fees t reach high- incme cnsumers and thse managers wh make decisins t buy thusands f “cmpany cars” and cmputers. With such viewers, these prgrams dn’t need high ratings t stay n the air.
1. Televisin sprt prgrams n weekend afternns_____.
A. result in mre sprt events
B. get mre viewers t play sprts
C. make mre peple interested in televisin
D. bring mre mney t the televisin netwrks
2. Why wuld weekend afternns becme dead time withut sprt prgrams?
A. Because there wuld be few viewers.
B. Because the advertisers wuld be ff wrk.
C. Because televisin prgrams wuld g slwly.
D. Because viewers wuld pay less fr watching televisin.
3. In many families, men make decisins n .
A. hliday trips B. sprts viewing
C. televisin shpping D. expensive purchases
4. The ratings are nt imprtant fr glf and tennis prgrams because _____.
A. their advertisers are carmakers
B. their viewers are attracted by sprts
C. their advertisers target at rich peple
D. their viewers can affrd expensive cars
5. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Televisin ratings are determined by male viewers.
B. Rich viewers cntribute mst t televisin cmpanies.
C. Sprts are gaining imprtance in advertising n televisin.
D. Cmmercial advertisers are the majr spnsrs f sprt events.
【參考答案】44.DADCC
閱讀理解
Awareness Weeks （認(rèn)知宣傳周）have becme a regular part f Britain’s cultural landscape ver the past few years . They started back in 1957, when ne charity （慈善機(jī)構(gòu)）, Christian Aid, decided t make all its mney-raising effrts n ne time f year. It was thught that by ding this they wuld get mre publicity fr their cause.
They were right, and sn ther charities and campaign （活動）grups fllwed them. These days , mst dnatins（捐款）t charity are nt cllected n the streets. S instead f just asking fr mney, charities prefer t spend their time “raising awareness” —spreading knwledge f the wrk they d r the cause they supprt . They als cmpete with businesses and trade grups wh use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns fr their prducts.
There are nw 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. N week ges by withut ne grup r anther trying t make the British public aware f smething, with mst held in May r Octber.
The danger with all these awareness weeks is that peple start t becme cynical(不信任). Take Natinal Smile Week; it seems like a great idea. Let’s all make each ther’s life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it’s just a grup f dentists and csmetics cmpanies trying t sell us tthpaste. It’s enugh t make yu want t start Natinal Frget Abut It Week.
“Peple feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says Ms Ormistn , wh edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a news letter which encurages peple wh run Awareness Weeks t becme mre aware f each ther . “But 90 per cent f campaigns are run by traditinal charities r nt fr grups t make mney.”
“There’s still n fficial grup fr awareness campaigns,” says Ms Ormistn. “Peple can d what they like, whatever the size f their budgets（經(jīng)費）r their public relatins machines allws .”
This situatin has led t calls fr laws t stp real charities having their effrts vershadwed by marketing campaigns. This culd be dne by making the tw grups hld their weeks at different times r stpping businesses running imitatin(模仿) charity campaigns.
But there is anther way. Maybe it’s time fr Natinal Weak Awareness Week, especially fr peple whse awareness f Awareness Weeks is weak.
1. What’s the main purpse f awareness weeks run by charities in Britain?
A. T raise mney fr charities.B. T spread knwledge f charities.
C. T take up marketing campaigns.D. T advertise their gds fr sale.
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段第二句話 “…decided t make all its mney-raising effrts n ne time f year.”可知，答案為A。
2. Why d peple start t becme cynical abut awareness weeks?
A. T many awareness weeks make peple feel bred.[
B. Peple feel many awareness weeks are just fr marketing exercises.
C. Peple have a weak awareness f awareness weeks.
D. Awareness weeks are held t ften and t much mney is raised.
答案解析：答案為B。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段中提到了人們開始對認(rèn)知宣傳周不滿意，第五段中首句 “Peple feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises…”可知，答案為B。
3. What des Ms Ormistn think abut awareness weeks?
A. Mst f the awareness weeks shuld nt be fr making mney.
B. Official grups shuld take the place f charities in awareness campaigns.
C. Peple can d what they like in awareness weeks.
D. Peple can get larger budgets thrugh awareness campaigns.
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第五段的最后一句話 ““But 90 per cent f campaigns are run by traditinal charities r nt fr grups t make mney.”可知，答案為A。在第六段中Ms Ormistn提到認(rèn)知宣傳活動沒有正式的群體（n fficial grup fr awareness campaigns），因而人們可以做他們想做的，不考慮到活動經(jīng)費或者公共關(guān)系機(jī)器所允許的范圍。故B，C，D都與文意不符。
4. Which f the fllwing is the right measure t be taken t slve the prblems in awareness campaigns?
A. Laws shuld stp awareness weeks run by real charities.
B. There shuld be large public relatins departments in awareness campaigns.
C. Business and awareness campaigns shuld nt be held at the same place.
D. Marketing campaigns shuld nt be in the name f charity nes.
答案解析：答案為D。本題為推理題。從倒數(shù)第二段首句 “This situatin has led t calls fr laws t stp real charities having their effrts vershadwed by marketing campaigns.”可知，要解決前面提到的問題就要制定法律來阻止真正的慈善活動被市場營銷活動所過度遮蔽，言外之意就是市場營銷活動不應(yīng)在慈善活動的名義下進(jìn)行。故答案為D。A選項與文意不符；B選項未提及。倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話 “This culd be dne by making the tw grups hld their weeks at different times r stpping businesses running imitatin charity campaigns.”可知，文中提到了 “different times”，而非C 選項的 “nt be held at the same place”, 故C選項不正確。
5. What’s the writer’s view n Awareness Weeks?
A. Natinal Frget Abut It Week shuld be held t stp awareness weeks.
B. Natinal Smile Week is a great idea t imprve peple’s life.
C. Natinal Weak Awareness Week can help peple better understand awareness weeks.
D. Awareness Weeks shuld be stpped because f marketing campaigns.
答案解析：答案為C。本題考查作者的觀點態(tài)度。最后一段中，作者提到 “Maybe it’s time fr Natinal Weak Awareness Week, especially fr peple whse awareness f Awareness Weeks is weak.”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為對那些認(rèn)知宣傳周意識薄弱的人要進(jìn)行宣傳，言外之意就是Natinal Weak Awareness Week可以幫助人們更好的理解認(rèn)知宣傳周。故答案為C。 A，B, D 都與文意不符。
【2015高考復(fù)習(xí)】完形填空
Grwing up，I always dreamed f being a prfessinal skater.After years f hard wrk，I am living prf that dreams can cme true.
When I was brn，my parents immediately nticed smething__16__and the dctr said I culdn't skate.I，hwever，__17__trying skating in an ice rink(溜冰場)，where lcal skaters__18__perfrm ice shws.I started taking grup skating lessns，and perfrming n ice came naturally，but I have always been__19__t speak in grup settings.One thing I've never been afraid f is__20__，thugh.I get nervus，but never__21__.Fr me，skating has been abut being my persnal best__22__beating thers n the ice.I prgressed thrugh varius__23__rapidly and gave my first ice perfrmance at seven.Sn I started winning lcal and reginal cmpetitins.That's__24__being n the ice has always been the ne place where I can__25__express my wn emtins.The ice is like hme.
When I was nine years ld I began training__26__.I wuld wake up at fur 'clck in the mrning six days a week and skate fr five hurs.Then I'd g t schl.Since__27__has always been imprtant in my family，I had n__28__but t find creative ways t fit in schl studies thrughut my__29__career.
After graduating frm high schl，I mved t Canada and set ut t train full-time t give my dreams a chance at reality.In 1992 I went t cmpete in the Olympic Games.__30__，nt my cach r even my family，ever talked t me abut winning a gld medal.In fact，I wuldn't even__31__myself t think abut it.I thught that wuld disturb me.__32__，I went with the attitude that I wanted t enjy the Olympic spirit.__33__the expectatin f all the peple，I wn the gld medal and wrds culdn't describe the verwhelming mixture f emtins I felt.Then I truly understd what__34__mst in achieving a dream is nt t__35__it when yu face difficulties，but strive t make it cme true.
【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇記敘文，描述一位奧運會滑冰金牌獲得者的成長歷程。作者經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力，克服了身體的缺陷，終于走上了奧運會的領(lǐng)獎臺，這說明：只要堅持和努力，夢想就能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。
16．A.unique B．wrngC．unbelievable D．unacceptable
答案 B [根據(jù)下文醫(yī)生說我不能滑冰可判斷我生下來身體就有缺陷，選wrng“(身體)有毛病的”。]
17．A.decided t B．led tC．insisted n D．fixed n
答案 C [根據(jù)下文我參加了滑冰課程和訓(xùn)練可知我堅持要練習(xí)滑冰。insist n ding sth“堅持做某事”。]
18．A.culd B．shuld C．might D．wuld
答案 D [在那里當(dāng)?shù)氐幕呓?jīng)常進(jìn)行滑冰表演。wuld在此處表示“過去常常做某事”。]
19．A.dubtful B．brave C．shy D．disabled
答案 C [根據(jù)上文的連詞“but”以及“I've never been afraid f”，可知當(dāng)時我羞于在滑冰訓(xùn)練的小組中講話。]
20．A.cmpetitin B．expressinC．exchange D．display
答案 A [根據(jù)下文我很快通過了不同級別的考核可知我不懼怕比寒。cmpetitin“比賽，競賽”。]
21．A.annyed B．disappinted
C．sad D．fearful
答案 D [由上文“我不害怕比賽”可知，我感到緊張，但從未感到害怕過。fearful“害怕的，擔(dān)心的”，符合語境。]
22．A.rather than B．ther than
C．except fr D．a(chǎn)s fr
答案 A [對我而言，滑冰已是做最好的自己，而不是在冰上擊敗別人。rather than“而不是”，符合語境。ther than“除了”；except fr“除……之外”；as fr“關(guān)于”。]
23．A.psitins B．levels C．pints D．ways
答案 B [通過訓(xùn)練我的滑冰水平提高很快。level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，符合語境。]
24．A.where B．why C．when D．because
答案 D [那是因為冰上是我能真實地表達(dá)情感的地方。]
25．A.easily B．immediately
C．truly D．slwly
答案 C [見上題解析。truly“真實地”，符合語境。]
26．A.freely B．cmfrtably
C．seriusly D．quickly
答案 C [根據(jù)下一句“我早上4點鐘就起床開始訓(xùn)練”可知我開始認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。seriusly“嚴(yán)肅地，認(rèn)真地”，符合語境。]
27．A.educatin B．wealthC．reputatin D．health
答案 A [根據(jù)下文我在訓(xùn)練的同時還要想方設(shè)法學(xué)好功課可判斷在我的家庭中教育是非常重要的。]
28．A.chance B．chice C．gal D．freedm
答案 B [have n chice but t d是固定句型，意為“別無選擇，只能做某
事”。]
29．A.bring B．a(chǎn)imless C．a(chǎn)mateur D．nrmal
答案 C [根據(jù)下文我高中畢業(yè)之后才進(jìn)行專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練可知以前的訓(xùn)練都是業(yè)余的。amateur“業(yè)余的”。]
30．A.Smebdy B．Everybdy
C．Anybdy D．Nbdy
答案 D [沒有人，包括我的教練甚至我的家人都沒有向我談起拿金牌的
事。]
31．A.allw B．prmise C．frce D．discurage
答案 A [事實上，我甚至也不允許我自己想這件事。]
32．A.Hwever B．TherefreC．Besides D．Naturally
答案 B [因此，我以想享受奧林匹克精神的態(tài)度參加了比賽。上下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，選Therefre。]
33．A.Beynd B．Within C．Despite D．Withut
答案 A [超出每個人的預(yù)料，我贏得了金牌。beynd“超過(可能范圍)”。]
34．A.stresses B．a(chǎn)ppliesC．matters D．a(chǎn)cts
答案 C [后來我真正意識到：在實現(xiàn)夢想的過程中最重要的不是面對困難選擇放棄而是要竭盡全力直至夢想成真。matter“重要，有關(guān)系，要緊”，符合語境。]
35．A.ruin B．ignre C．change D．a(chǎn)bandn
答案 D [見上題解析。abandn“放棄(信念、信仰或看法)”，符合語境。]