
一、要弄清楚英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu),我們先要弄清楚組成一個句子的各個組成部分,即句子的成分: 主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語的概念。1、主語:是一個句子所要說明的人和事物,是一句的主體。如 I study English中的 I。作主語的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句。2、謂語:它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的,如 I study English中的 study.作謂語的有:及物動詞或及物動詞短語。
3、賓語:它是表示及物動詞或及物動詞短語所作用的對象的,如 I study English 中的English和He makes full use f his spare time t study中的his spare time.介詞后的名詞或代詞,叫做介詞的賓語,如He went away with n wrds中的n wrds.作賓語的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞和賓語從句。
4、表語:它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的身份或特征的,如 That sunds a gd idea中的a gd idea.作表語的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、表地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞和表語從句。5、定語:它是限定名詞或代詞用的,作定語的有:名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、動名詞和定語從句,若是詞則多作前置定語,若是短語或定語從句則只能作后置定語。如the plluted river中的plluted和the river plluted by chemicals中的plluted by chemicals.
6、狀語:它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修飾much,而much 又修飾like。作狀語的有:副詞(短語)、介詞短語、不定式、分詞(短語)、名詞短語和狀語從句。狀語說明時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。其位置多位于句首或句尾,但表頻率或程度的副詞應(yīng)位于句中be動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后,實(shí)義動詞之前。地點(diǎn)和時間應(yīng)按先小后大的順序。
7、補(bǔ)足語:補(bǔ)充說明句中的主語或者賓語的,作補(bǔ)足語的有:名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式和分詞(短語)。如I find it interesting中的interesting.
8、同位語:把一個名詞(短語)、代詞或從句放在另一名詞或代詞后,用以說明前者的性質(zhì)或情況,這樣的名詞或代詞叫同位語。如We Chinese peple lve peace中的Chinese peple是主語We的同位語.
二、按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來分,英語的句子有以下三種類型:1、簡單句:簡單句只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語動詞(或并列謂語動詞)。如:My brther and I g t schl at half past seven in the mrning and cme back hme at seven in the evening.
2、并列句:并列句由并列連詞或分號“;”把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如:It is late , s we must hurry.
3、復(fù)合句:復(fù)合句中含有一個或一個以上的從句。如:If we want t keep fit , we must always remember that preventin is better than cure. 從以上并列句和復(fù)合句的例句來看,我們不難看出它們實(shí)際上是由幾個簡單句通過并列連詞或從屬連詞連接起來的。因此,只要我們掌握了簡單句的幾種基本句型,我們就可以通過在句中尋找起連接作用的連詞來分析復(fù)雜的句子。
三、簡單句的五種基本句型: 1、主語+連系動詞+表語 如:I’m nt feeling well tday.Our cuntry is becming strnger and strnger. 連系動詞有:be,seem,appear,keep,prve,turn ut/lk,feel,sund,smell,taste/becme,grw,get,turn,g,cme(true),fall(ill,asleep)
2、主語+不及物動詞(或短語)(+狀語) 如:The sun rises in the east.The Opium War brke ut in 1839.3、主語+及物動詞(或短語)+賓語 如:They decided t hld a class meeting.We depend n ur parents fr fd and clthing. 在此句型中,我們要掌握接動詞不定式作賓語和接動名詞作賓語的動詞。
4、主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 如:My father bught me an electrnic dictinary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型的動詞有buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,shw,tell,d,leave,get,lend,lse(使……失去),cst(使……付出代價),ffer,prmise,sing,write,deny,envy.5、主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 如:Marx made Lndn the base fr his revlutinary wrk.
The by made his sister cry.Our teacher encuraged us t wrk hard.Our headteacher required us nt t be late fr class.1)、接名詞作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:call,chse,think,cnsider,believe,find,make,etc.2)、接動詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:see,watch,ntice,let,have,hear,make;ask,tell,rder,require,want,advise,persuade,cause,encurage,permit(allw),frbid,teach.不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有:suggest,demand,hpe,agree.3)、接形容詞作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:think,believe,find,feel,cnsider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.
以上五種基本句型中的主語、賓語、表語都可擴(kuò)展成相應(yīng)的從句,從而成為復(fù)合句。同時,復(fù)合句中的主、從句也是由以上五種基本句型組成的。如: What he says desn’t agree with what he des.
Why he came late is that his bike brke dwn n the way.It ccurred t me that I had much hmewrk t d.He prmised me that he wuld attend the lecture.What has made the city what it is nw?
另外,句子采用哪一句型,完全取決于謂語動詞的用法.因此,動詞的用法是我們平時復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。如:1).最近幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。
In the last few years,great changes have taken place in ur hmetwn.
2).昨晚在十字路口發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重的交通事故。
A serius traffic accident happened/ccurred/came abut atthe crssing yesterday evening.
3).我突然想到一個絕妙的主意。
An excellent idea ccurred t me.
4).這家餐館昨晚發(fā)生了一場火災(zāi)。
A fire brke ut in the restaurant last night.
4).聽到這個激動人心的消息,她臉上露出了笑容。
After she heard this exciting news,a smile appeared n her face.
5).歡迎你們參觀我們學(xué)校!
Welcme t visit ur schl!/Welcme t ur schl!
6).一場暴風(fēng)雨過后,蘋果樹上只剩幾個蘋果。
After a rainstrm,nly a few apples remained n the trees.
除了以上不符合漢語習(xí)慣順序的詞之外,其它情況下英語陳述句的句序和漢語的順序是吻合的。我們可將英語陳述句的句序歸納如下:主謂(賓)/主系表一條線,定語和名詞緊相連。不是在后就在前,狀語很少在中間。 四、長難句分析練習(xí)
1.They guess that racial differences in which dairy prducts are usually cnsumed,r in eating habits—having small amunts f dairy prducts thrughut the day,fr instance,rather than a single large serving—may help explain the finding. 2.Hw culd we pssibly think that keeping animals in cagesin unnatural envirnments—mstly fr entertainment purpses—is fair and respectful? 3.Human beings have agreed,in the curse f centuries fmutual dependency,t let the varius nises that they can prduce with their lungs,thrats,tngues,teeth,and lips systematically stand fr certain happenings in their nervussystems.
4.Just as scial psitins can be symblized by feathers wrnn the head,by gld n the watch chain,r by a thusand therthings accrding t the culture we live in,s the fact f beinghungry can be symblized by a thusand different nises accrding t the culture we live in. 5.The fact that mst f these yung peple have gne t Eurpeanized r Americanized scieties makes it unlikely thatthey will hld as tightly t the value f duty as they wuld have if they had nt left their cuntries.
這是一份高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件【7】第七講 動詞的時態(tài),共60頁。PPT課件主要包含了答案C等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件【3】第三講 代詞,共31頁。
這是一份高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件【2】第二講 名詞,共28頁。
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