一、閱讀理解：本大題共14小題，共28分。
A
Welcme t Muir Wds! This rare ancient frest is a kingdm f cast redwds, many ver 600 years ld.Hw t get here?
Peple using persnal vehicles must have reservatins befre arriving at the park. (Details at )
Muir Wds Natinal Mnument is pen daily, 8 a. m. t sunset. Stp by Visitr Center t get trails (路線) and prgram infrmatin, and t take in exhibits.What’s yur path?
Enjy a walk n the paved Redwd Creek Trail (als called Main Trail). Chse shrt, medium, r lng lps (環(huán)線). Other trails g deep int Muir Wds and Munt Tamalpais State Park.(Refer t the map f Muir Wds n the right fr details.)Ready t explre mre?
Muir Wds is part f Glden Gate Natinal Recreatin Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidi, and Ocean Beach. Dwnlad the app at safe and prtect yur park.
Wi-Fi and cell service are nt available. ·Watch fr pisnus plants and falling branches. ·D nt feed r disturb animals. ·Fishing is prhibited in the park. ·D nt mark r remve trees, flwers, r ther natural features. ·G t the park website fr mre safety tips and regulatins.Accessibility
We make a great effrt t make facilities, services, and prgrams accessible t all. Fr infrmatin, g t Visitr Center, ask a ranger, call, r check ur website.Mre Infrmatin
Muir Wds Natinal Mnument Mill Valley, CA 94941-2696
1.Muir Wds will prbably attract ________. ①redwd lvers ②hunting lvers ③fishing lvers ④hiking lvers
A. ①②B. ③④C. ①④D. ②③
2.What can be learned frm the passage?
A. Muir wds is surrunded by highland and cean beaches.
B. Visitrs can read electrnic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Wds.
C. Visitrs are advised t call Visitr Center fr safety tips and regulatins.
D. Reservatins shuld be made if visitrs drive private cars t Muir Wds.
3.Accrding t the map f Muir Wds, ________.
A. Bridge 4 is the farthest frm the parking lts f all bridges
B. Mill Valley is lcated n the suthwest side f Muir Beach
C. Btjack Trail can lead ne t Visitr Center frm Bridge 3
D. fd and gifts can be bught n varius sites in Muir Wds
B
I write this n a spring mrning, in the van I have called hme fr tw years nw.
Frm ne small windw, I have a view f jggers punding the sunny path by the Oxfrd Canal, and the ther lks nt the busy railway line alng which trains travel frm Suthamptn Dcks t Birmingham.
The wds where I’ve parked my van have grwn up between them. This ancient van, a vehicle designed fr freedm and the pen rad, has prved a stable slutin fr surviving the current husing crisis.
I became a travel writer after my studies ended, cmmitting t brief “residencies” with museums and art centres—where temprary accmmdatin is ften prvided in exchange fr prducing new wrk abut a cmmunity. Over the years that fllwed, living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins r Scandinavia r the Alps, nt settling dwn fr very lng, meant wherever I landed was always “hme”.
It was necessary t adpt a mre permanent engagement with lcality. Oxfrd had ften drawn me back. It’s a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin, the perfect city fr a writer.
It takes a surprising amunt f wrk t keep a tiny hme in rder: buying a used van nline; ensuring the smth running f a gas cker and car batteries; fetching water and emptying the mbile tilet. I began t enjy taking care f my immediate surrundings. Over the summer, I wrked t turn waste-grund int a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants.
I made friends with the self-sufficient baters living nearby, always ready t share knwledge n the lw-carbn simplicity f life withut electricity. I’ve learnt that cmfrt can be fund away frm the bright infrastructure f urban life: in watching the birds that nest in the tree and the fxes playing in the wds at dawn, in making a cup f cffee n a spring mrning.
My step away frm cnventinal husing has been a necessary act f persnal ecnmy, but the benefits include taking nthing fr granted, and unexpected delight.
4.The writer makes the van his hme because ______.
A. the feature f the van and that f his ccupatin are matching
B. the van equals t a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin
C. the views f jggers and trains utside f it can relieve his pressure
D. living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins are appealing t him
5.What des “immediate surrundings” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A. a used vanB. a gas ckerC. a wild gardenD. a mbile tilet
6.Which f the fllwing is the benefit f uncnventinal husing?
A. Jining jggers t d exercise.
B. Keeping a tiny hme in rder easily.
C. Imprving the ecnmy f Oxfrd.
D. Embracing delightful surprises.
C
Frm Smells t Sundtracks
When a yung sawfly, a bee-like insect, is threatened by its attackers like ants, it emits a mixture f unpleasant smells t defend itself. These emissins can seriusly anny a ptential enemy.
Scientists wanting t study these smelly cmpunds—t understand which aspects f them discurage attackers and why—face great challenges. Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult t carry ut. There are als a very limited quantity f the insects’ emissins. On the side, Jean-Luc Bevé, a zlgist wh studies insects, frm the Ryal Belgian Institute f Natural Sciences, is an amateur musician and cmpser. He decided t try a different way—the sund apprach. “T be hnest, I cnsidered this prject s unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was mnths befre Bevé and his partner, Rudi Git, finally made a reslutin t get started n it.
They chse 16 sawfly species’ emissins t translate int sunds. First, they figured ut which mlecules (分子) were present in each smelly cmpund and in what amunts. Then they assigned varius characteristics f thse mlecules matching prperties f sund. Fr example, smaller mlecules like a kind f acid fund in vinegar, a sur-tasting liquid, evaprate (揮發(fā)) quickly, s Bevé and Git assigned them sunds with higher pitch ( 音高 ). Larger mlecules were given lwer-pitched sunds. In all, the scientists created individual audi descriptins fr 20 mlecules. Then they cmbined the sunds f each mlecule present in a sawfly’s smell t cnstruct the insect’s sundtrack. If a mlecule was f higher prprtin in an emissin, they assigned it a higher vlume. In such a case, the smaller a mlecule is, the higher its pitch will be; and the higher the prprtin f a mlecule is, the higher its vlume will be.
T test ut the audi descriptins they created, Bevé and Git examined peple’s reactins t the sundtracks and cmpared them t ants’ reactins t the riginal smells. They played the 16 emissin sundtracks and the 20 mlecule sunds thrugh speakers t abut 50 study participants. Then the scientists measured hw far peple backed up t get t a “cmfrtable psitin” away frm the nise. Mst f the study vlunteers tld the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high vlume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and vlunteers mved away frm a chemical and its matching sundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrte.
Bevé said he hped the prcess wuld give ther zlgists a new way t cmpare sawflies’ chemical defenses with thse frm ther insects. It may als ffer researchers clues abut which mlecules fight ff enemies mst.
7.What d we knw abut Bevé frm paragraph 2?
A. He was devted t the research fr several mnths.
B. He started a new apprach after mnths’ hesitatin.
C. He came up with a creative idea thanks t a cmpser.
D. He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies.
8.What can be cncluded in terms f the sund apprach?
A. The vlume f sunds is based n the prprtin f mlecules.
B. Smaller mlecules and lwer pitch share similar characteristics.
C. Audi descriptins f the mlecules can be divided int 16 kinds.
D. Participants were required t cmpare the sunds with the smells.
9.Frm paragraphs 4 and 5, we can learn that ________.
A. the sundtracks are mre than what humans are likely t bear
B. the ants dislike the sunds as much as humans hate the smells
C. humans’ reactins t the sunds resemble ants’ respnses t the smells
D. ther zlgists are lking fr innvative ways f studying mlecules
10.This passage is mainly intended t ________.
A. explain ways t transfer smells int sundtracks
B. intrduce research n sawfly’s effect n humans
C. demnstrate a scientific study n insects’smells
D. test ut peple’s reactin t varius sundtracks
D
Is it pssible t persuade mankind t live withut war? War is an ancient institutin, which has ccurred ever since men were rganized int units larger than the family. In the past human race managed t survive it. Why shuld it nt cntinue t survive even if wars g n ccurring frm time t time? Mrever, peple like war, and will feel frustrated withut it. And withut war there will be n adequate pprtunity fr herism r self-sacrifice.
Mdem technlgy has changed this. Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通過仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law. It is nt easy t change very ld mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are thse wh say that the adptin f this r that idelgy (意識形態(tài)) wuld prevent war. I believe this t be a big errr. All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武斷的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.
The mvement f wrld pinin during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcme. It has becme a cmmnplace that nuclear war must be avided. Of curse very difficult prblems remain in the wrld, but the spirit in which they are being apprached is a better ne than it was sme years ag. It has begun t be thught, even by the pwerful men wh decide whether we shall live r die, that negtiatins shuld reach agreements even if bth sides d nt find these agreements whlly satisfactry. It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between different cuntries, but between man and the atm bmb.
11.Frm the passage we can learn that war nw is ______.
A. as bad as in the pastB. wrse than in the past
C. as necessary as in the pastD. nt s dangerus as in the past
12.What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Men, as well as war, will have t make the ultimate chice between the tw.
B. Mdern technlgy has empwered man t chse whether t have war r nt.
C. At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided t abandn war nce and fr all.
D. Peple will eventually destry themselves if they chse t g t war at mdern times.
13.As fr idelgy, what des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Certain idelgy is superir regarding its truthfulness.
B. It is useless t adpt an idelgy t prevent war.
C. Nt every idelgy is nt wrth fighting fr.
D. It is wrng t fllw any idelgy.
14.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. War r N War, That Is A Questin
B. Nuclear Weapns Bring the End f Human Race
C. Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin
D. Frm Idelgy t Negtiatin: A New Apprach t Internatinal Cnflicts
二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。
My, what a big beak yu have!
Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help t make the effects f a warmer wrld less harmful. 15 In a paper published in Trends & Evlutin, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shws that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bdies f many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. 16
All that is perfectly cnsistent with evlutinary thery. “Allen’s rule”, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded animals in ht places tend t have larger bdy parts than thse in temperate (溫帶的) regins. 17 Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.
Ms. Ryding is nt the first researcher t take that apprach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, t prve that climate change was the cause f an anatmical (解剖學的) changes. All srts f ther factrs, frm changes in prey t the evlving reprductive preferences f males r females, might have been driving the changes. 18 The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. Since they have little in cmmn apart frm living n a warming planet, climate change is the mst reasnable explanatin.
19 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥協(xié)), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, fr instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cst mre energy t grw.
A．Hwever, lking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．Fr nw, at least, the increase is small, never much mre than 10%.
C．Animals will have t rely n changing their bdies r their behavirs.
D．It seems that the future wrld is ging t be htter than humans are used t.
E．Therefre, the negative effects f a warmer wrld are visible in these animals’ bdies.
F．Such adaptatins bst an animal’s surface area relative t its bdy, helping it t release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species f mice and bats evlving bigger ears, legs and wings.
15.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大題共10小題，共15分。
While taking a 20-hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China, I had the kind f humbling, educatinal, and abve all else, wnderful 20 with a lcal that all travelers lng fr. A yung Chinese man apprached me n the train. My 21 friend spke virtually n English, s I happily tk the chance t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs, he wuld tell me abut hw he had attended a tw-year prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb 22 highways in rder t help supprt his family. Perhaps the mst 23 . hwever, was the fact. that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr. Withut batting an eye, he wuld 24 a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American writers as a whle. “And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?” I 25 him asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t 26 my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme. But this highly infrmed, 27 , and admirable persn prevented me ding s. In the curse f a cuple f hurs, he shwed me just hw much ne can gain frm 28 with an pen mind, and a willingness t 29 with lcals frm all walks f life.
20.A. experimentB. encunterC. cmpetitinD. appintment
21.A. trueB. s-calledC. newD. lng-lst
22.A. buildingB. sweepingC. checkingD. guarding
23.A. typicalB. bviusC. naturalD. remarkable
24.A. publishB. quteC. cpyD. dwnlad
25.A. anticipateB. imagineC. recallD. catch
26.A. lk intB. rely nC. g verD. deal with
27.A. well-behavedB. multi-skilledC. warm-heartedD. self-educated
28.A. travelingB. readingC. searchingD. teaching
29.A. cperateB. sideC. negtiateD. engage
四、語法填空：本大題共3小題，共45分。
30.Mrs. Bailey was imprtant in the educatinal jurney that carried me thrugh schl and int my prfessin. Befre I jined her class, I 1 (dubt) my ability as a writer. She 2 (persuade) me t jin the petry sciety and lit in me a fire fr literature. She recgnised my ptential and shwed me that I culd write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because f the cnfidence she inspired in me. I’ve carved ut a 3 (success) prfessin as a jurnalist.
(1)
(2)
(3)
31.Sme university students carried ut a campaign 1 they celebrated their whle day withut cell phnes This mve was 2 (imprve) their relatinships with their near and dear nes and t keep them away frm the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majrity f yung peple use their phnes during lessns, ver family meals r even at the cinema. The prblem f phne addictin has been bserved since a few years ag, with experts and psychlgists 3 (try) t increase awareness abut this prblem.
(1)
(2)
(3)
32.The tiger shark 1 (cnsider) t be ne f the mst dangerus sharks in the wrld. Why are tiger sharks s dangerus? First, they like t live 2 waters where humans usually swim, s the chances f an encunter are much greater. Secnd, tiger sharks are s strng and aggressive that they can easily hit a persn. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 3 (design) fr cutting their fd, s it is certain 4 the damage will be disastrus.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
五、閱讀表達：本大題共1小題，共10分。
33.Fr millins f Facebk users, chsing which pht t use fr an nline prfile is an imprtant decisin. Accrding t a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the phts we select may reflect individual preferences, but they als appear t reflect mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences. Previus research has shwn that culture can affect nt nly language and custm, but als hw we experience the wrld and prcess infrmatin. Western cultures, fr example, cnditin peple t think f themselves as highly independent entities （實體）, whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, c-directr f the Center at UT Dallas, and frmer graduate student Dr. Chih-Ma Huang f the University f Illinis, were curius abut whether these patterns f cultural influence extend t cyberspace. In a paper published in the Internatinal Jurnal f Psychlgy, they examined the prfile phtgraphs f mre than 500 active Facebk users frm the United States and East Asia. Overall, they fund that prfile phts f Americans are mre likely t fcus n the individual's face, while the prfiles f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
The findings shw marked cultural differences in the fcus f attentin amng East Asian and American Facebk users. Mrever, they ech previus research n cultural influences n visual perceptin（感知）, attentin, and reasning in the ffline wrld.
"We believe these findings relate t a cultural bias t be mre individualistic and independent in the US and mre cmmunal and interdependent in Asia," said Park.
The research als fund that cultural influences ver ur self-presentatin nline can shift ver time and frm place t place. In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry.
"Facebk cnstitutes an extended scial cntext in which persnal prfiles mirrr varius individual characteristics, private thughts, and scial behavirs," nted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new apprach t investigate cgnitin and behavirs acrss cultures by using Facebk as a data cllectin platfrm."
(1) What may an nline prfile pht reflect?
(2) Accrding t the research, hw are American and East Asian Facebk users different in chsing their prfile phts? __________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends.
__________________________________________________________________
(4) Describe the prfile pht yu use fr yur scial media such as WeChat r Weib. Why d yu chse it?__________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一些參觀繆爾森林的注意事項。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Welcme t Muir Wds! This rare ancient frest is a kingdm f cast redwds, many ver 600 years ld. (歡迎來到繆爾森林！這片罕見的古老森林是海岸紅杉的王國，許多紅杉已有600多年的歷史。)”以及第四段“Enjy a walk n the paved Redwd Creek Trail (als called Main Trail). Chse shrt, medium, r lng lps (環(huán)線). (在紅木溪小徑（也稱為主小徑）上漫步。選擇短的，中等的，或環(huán)線。)”可知，繆爾森林可能會吸引紅杉愛好者以及遠足愛好者。故選C。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Peple using persnal vehicles must have reservatins befre arriving at the park. (使用私家車的游客必須在進入公園前進行預約。)”可知，如果游客開私家車去繆爾森林，應該提前預約。故選D。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據地圖中“Bridge 4：Lng 1?hur 2.mile lp trail (橋4：長1個半小時2英里的環(huán)形步道)”可知，根據繆爾森林的地圖，4號橋是所有橋中離停車場最遠的。故選A。
4~6.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為旅行作家以面包車為家的體驗和感受。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第二句“This ancient van, a vehicle designed fr freedm and the pen rad, has prved a stable slutin fr surviving the current husing crisis.”(這輛古老的面包車是為自由和開放道路而設計的，事實證明它是度過當前住房危機的穩(wěn)定的解決方案。）和第四段“I became a travel writer after my studies ended, cmmitting t brief “residencies” with museums and art centres — where temprary accmmdatin is ften prvided in exchange fr prducing new wrk abut a cmmunity.”(學業(yè)結束后，我成為了一名旅行作家，致力于在博物館和藝術中心進行短暫的“駐留”——在那里，通常會提供臨時住宿，以換取創(chuàng)作關于社區(qū)的新作品。) 可知，面包車自由和開放的特征和作者作為旅行作家的職業(yè)是相匹配的。故選A項。
2. 詞句猜測題。由文章第六段最后一句“Over the summer, I wrked t turn waste-grund int a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants. ”(整個夏天，我努力把荒地變成野生花園，用野生植物代替雜草。）可知，我開始喜歡照顧我的野生花園，“immediate surrundings”指的是野生花園。故選C項。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“My step away frm cnventinal husing has been a necessary act f persnal ecnmy, but the benefits include taking nthing fr granted, and unexpected delight.”(我遠離傳統(tǒng)住房是個人經濟狀況的必要行為，但好處包括從不想當然，以及意想不到的快樂。)可知，住在面包車這種非傳統(tǒng)住房里可以隨時擁抱令人愉快的驚喜。故選D項。
7~10.【答案】B、A、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對昆蟲氣味的科學研究。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段““T be hnest, I cnsidered this prject s unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was mnths befre Bevé and his partner, Rudi Git, finally made a reslutin t get started n it. ”(“說實話，我自己認為這個項目太不切實際了，所以我把它擱置了，”他說。幾個月后，Bevé和他的搭檔魯迪·喬特(Rudi Git)終于下定決心開始這項工作。)說明猶豫了幾個月后，他開始采用新的方法。故選B項。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“If a mlecule was f higher prprtin in an emissin, they assigned it a higher vlume.”（如果一個分子在任務中所占比例更高，他們就會給它分配更高的音量。）說明聲音的大小取決于分子的比例。故選A項。
3. 推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Mst f the study vlunteers tld the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high vlume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and vlunteers mved away frm a chemical and its matching sundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrte. ”（大多數參與研究的志愿者告訴研究人員，高音和高音量是他們退縮的原因。研究人員寫道:“螞蟻和志愿者分別遠離了一種化學物質及其匹配的音樂?！保┱f明人類對聲音的反應類似于螞蟻對氣味的反應。故選C項。
4. 推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Bevé said he hped the prcess wuld give ther zlgists a new way t cmpare sawflies’ chemical defenses with thse frm ther insects. It may als ffer researchers clues abut which mlecules fight ff enemies mst.”（Bevé說，他希望這一過程能給其他動物學家提供一種新的方法來比較鋸葉蜂與其他昆蟲的化學防御能力。它還可能為研究人員提供線索，說明哪些分子最能擊退敵人。）結合標題“Frm Smells t Sundtracks”，說明這篇文章主要是為了演示對昆蟲氣味的科學研究。故選C項。
11~14.【答案】B、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。在當前的國際形勢之下，作者闡述人類應該以一種新的方式看待國際問題，而不是把它看作武力的較量。這種方式就是通過根據公認的法律原則進行仲裁。
1. 推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Mdem technlgy has changed this”（現(xiàn)代科技改變了這一點）以及“Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最嚴重危險的是核武器，但不久之后，細菌或化學武器可能帶來更大的威脅。）可推知，現(xiàn)在的戰(zhàn)爭比過去更糟糕。故選B。
2. 詞句猜測題。根據文章第二段“Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. ”（要么人會消滅戰(zhàn)爭，要么戰(zhàn)爭會消滅人。目前，造成最嚴重危險的是核武器，但細菌或化學武器不久可能會帶來更大的威脅。如果我們成功地廢除了核武器，我們的工作也還沒有完成。除非我們成功地廢除了戰(zhàn)爭，否則這是永遠不會實現(xiàn)的。）可知，只有成功廢除戰(zhàn)爭，才能算做完成人類的工作，由此可推知，如果人們選擇在現(xiàn)代進行戰(zhàn)爭，他們最終將自我毀滅。故選D。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段“All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武斷的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.”（所有的意識形態(tài)都建立在武斷的陳述之上，往好了說，這些陳述是可疑的，往壞了說，這些陳述是完全錯誤的。他們的追隨者如此狂熱地相信他們，以至于他們愿意為了支持他們而去打仗。）可推知，采用意識形態(tài)來防止戰(zhàn)爭是無用的。故選B。
4. 主旨大意題。根據全文內容，特別是第二段“T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通過仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law .”（要做到這一點，我們需要說服人類以一種新的方式看待國際問題，而不是將其視為武力的較量，在這種較量中，勝利屬于最善于殺人的一方，而是通過根據商定的法律原則進行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人們以新的方式看待國際問題，通過仲裁來解決問題，以此來廢除戰(zhàn)爭，因此，C選項“Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin”（走向無戰(zhàn)爭的未來：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文內容。故選C。
15~19.【答案】C、G、F、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。講述了地球變暖正在改變動物的外貌，如嘴巴變大。
1. 根據上文“Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help mitigate the effects f a warm wrld. (對人類來說，適應氣候變化將主要是技術問題。更多的空調、更好設計的房屋和更大的防洪系統(tǒng)可能有助于緩解全球變暖的影響)”可知，人類依靠的是科學技術來適應氣候變化。選項C“動物將不得不依靠改變它們的身體或行為（去適應）?！背薪由衔?，說明和人類不同，動物要適應氣候變化就只能依靠它們的身體和行為。從而引出下文對于動物適應氣候變化發(fā)生的變化的講述，上下文通順合理。故選C項。
2. 空處位于段末應承接上文。上文“In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亞鸚鵡中，自1871年以來，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一項研究，這次是在另一種鳥類北美黑眼鸚鵡中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣的模式)”列舉了一些動物因為天氣變暖，喙變大的例子。由此推知，空處承接上文，繼續(xù)舉例。選項G“哺乳動物也有類似的趨勢，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠進化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合語境，是動物應對天氣變化外貌發(fā)生變化的例子。故選G項。
3. 根據上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded-animals in ht places tend t have larger appendages (附屬物) than thse in less ht regins. (“艾倫法則”是以Jel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了這一法則，認為在炎熱地區(qū)的溫血動物往往比在不那么炎熱地區(qū)的動物有更大的附屬物)”可知，炎熱地區(qū)的溫血動物往往長有更大的附屬物，這是動物對氣候的一種適應，選項F“這種適應性增加了動物相對于其身體體積的表面積，幫助它釋放多余的熱量?！苯忉屃诉@種現(xiàn)象的產生原因。下文“Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.( 喙擁有豐富的血管，沒有絕緣羽毛覆蓋，是鳥類散熱的理想場所。又比如，與它們的北極近親相比，原產于撒哈拉沙漠的芬內克狐貍有著驚人的大耳朵)”舉例說明動物的這種適應性。上下文通順合理。故選F項。
4. 根據下文“The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. (她的團隊綜合了來自不同地方不同物種的數據)”可知，團隊綜合了更多地方的數據，選項A“然而，從更大的角度來看，形式更清晰?！闭f明觀察更多會更清楚地看到這種模式，符合語境，上下文通順合理。故選A項。
5. 根據下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥協(xié)), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. (隨著氣候變暖的加速，這種情況可能會改變。由于任何進化適應都會進行利弊權衡，因此尚不清楚這一過程會走多遠)”可知，未來這種情況的變化，that指代上文提到的情況，選項B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，從未超過10%?！闭f明現(xiàn)在的變化情況，上下文合理通順，下文預測這種情況的發(fā)展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代選項B中的增長。故選B項。
20~29.【答案】B、C、A、D、B、C、B、D、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次在火車上偶遇了一個年輕的中國男子，在交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人見多識廣、自學成才，是一個令人欽佩的人。
1. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在中國西北部的塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣坐了20個小時的火車時，其間我與一個當地人有了一種謙卑、有教育意義的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，這是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment實驗；B. encunter邂逅；C. cmpetitin比賽；D. appintment任命。根據后文“with a lcal that all travelers lng fr”指作者和當地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故選B。
2. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個機會練習我的中文。A. true真的；B. s-called所謂的；C. new新的；D. lng-lst很久不見的。根據上文“A yung Chinese man apprached me n the train.”可知，兩人是在火車上認識的，所以是新朋友。故選C。
3. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個為期兩年的專業(yè)學校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打掃；C. checking檢查；D. guarding守衛(wèi)。根據后文“highways in rder t help supprt his family”可知，年輕人修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。故選A。
4. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，也許最值得注意的是這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學習。A. typical典型的；B. bvius顯然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根據后文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.”可知，這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學習，這是最值得注意的品質。故選D。
5. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會眼都不眨地引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學的整體影響。A. publish出版；B. qute引用；C. cpy復制；D. dwnlad下載。根據后文“a translated Emersn passage”指引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，故選B。
6. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你們對俄羅斯作家有什么了解？”我記得他曾經問過。A. anticipate預期；B. imagine想象；C. recall記起；D. catch抓住。根據后文“him asking at ne pint”可知，作者在回憶年輕人提過的問題。故選C。
7. 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：對于這位從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)幾百英里的公路建設者，我很容易憑空想象。A. lk int調查；B. rely n依靠；C. g ver復習；D. deal with處理。根據后文“my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme”可知，這是作者憑想象進行的判斷。故選B。
8. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但這位見多識廣、自學成才、令人欽佩的人阻止了我這么做。A. well-behaved行為端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted熱心的；D. self-educated自學的。呼應上文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.(這個人每天在繁重的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學習)”，指這個年輕人的自學能力。故選D。
9. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時的時間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當地人打交道，會有多么大的收獲。A. traveling旅行；B. reading閱讀；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教學。根據后文“with an pen mind, and a willingness t”結合作者當時在乘火車旅行，所以是指帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，故選A。
10. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時的時間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當地人打交道，會有多么大的收獲。A. cperate合作；B. side支持；C. negtiate協(xié)商；D. engage參與。根據后文“with lcals frm all walks f life”指和各行各業(yè)的當地人打交道，應用短語engage with表示“與……接觸”。故選D。
30.【答案】【小題1】
had dubted
【小題2】
persuaded
【小題3】
successful
【解析】1. 考查時態(tài)。句意：在我加入她的班級之前，我一直懷疑自己的寫作能力。結合語境可知，“懷疑”發(fā)生在“進入她的班級”之前，即過去的過去，故應用過去完成時。故填had dubted。
2. 考查時態(tài)。句意：她說服我加入詩社，點燃了我對文學的熱情。空處為謂語動詞。陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，為一般過去時。故填persuaded。
3. 考查形容詞。句意：我開創(chuàng)了一個成功的記者職業(yè)。形容詞successful作定語修飾名詞。故填successful。
31.【答案】【小題1】
where
【小題2】
t imprve
【小題3】
trying
【解析】1. 考查定語從句。句意：一些大學生開展了一項活動，他們在沒有手機的情況下慶祝了一整天。分析可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞campaign，指物，關系詞在從句中作抽象的地點狀語，故應用關系副詞where引導該從句。故填where。
2. 考查不定式。句意：這一舉動是為了改善他們與親人的關系，讓他們遠離虛擬生活。動詞不定式作表語，說明主語的內容。故填t imprve。
3. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：手機上癮的問題早在幾年前就被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，專家和心理學家試圖提高人們對這個問題的認識。分析可知，空處應填非謂語動詞作賓補，邏輯主語experts and psychlgists和try之間是主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填trying。
32.【答案】【小題1】
is cnsidered/has been cnsidered
【小題2】
in
【小題3】
easily
【小題4】
designed
【解析】1. 全文陳述的是一般事實，并根據后文可知本句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，也可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或所持續(xù)的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時，因為謂語動詞cnsider和主語The tiger shark是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，且主語The tiger shark表示的是單數形式，用is dne或has been dne，所以謂語動詞用is cnsidered/has been cnsidered。
2. 此處考查固定短語live in（住在里），所以此處用介詞in，live in waters表示住在水里面，故填介詞in。
3. 分析結構，此處的hit（攻擊）是動詞，而修飾動詞要用副詞形式，所以用easy（輕易的，容易的）的副詞形式easily修飾動詞hit，在這里作狀語。
4. 分析結構，此處的have是謂語動詞，所以design（設計）是非謂語動詞，而design的邏輯主語是teeth，他們之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用design的動詞-ed形式designed表示被動；而此處是固定句型have sth dne（讓被做），所以用 designed在這里作賓語補足語。
33.【答案】【小題1】
It may reflect individual preferences and mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.
【小題2】
Facebk users in America are mre likely t use prfile phts that fcus n their faces, while the phts f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
【小題3】
In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because the culture f their hst cuntry has an influence n their self-presentatin nline.
【小題4】
I use a picture f a cffee mug as my prfile pht. I use it because it is my favrite cffee mug and I want everyne t admire it. Besides, I am careful abut privacy and dn't want t display my face t strangers nline.
【解析】1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Accrding t a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the phts we select may reflect individual preferences, but they als appear t reflect mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.(根據德克薩斯大學達拉斯中心研究人員的一項研究，我們選擇的照片可能反映了個人偏好，但它們似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、無意識的文化差異。)”可知，一張網上的個人資料照片會反映出個人偏好和更加根深蒂固，無意識的文化差異。故答案為It may reflect individual preferences and mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Overall, they fund that prfile phts f Americans are mre likely t fcus n the individual's face, while the prfiles f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users. (總的來說，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)美國人的頭像照片更傾向于關注個人的面部，而東亞人的頭像往往不太強調面部，包含更多的背景特征。與東亞臉書用戶相比，美國人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，F(xiàn)acebk用戶在美國更有可能使用檔案照片，關注他們的臉，而東亞人的照片往往比較強調的臉，包括更多的背景特征。與東亞臉書用戶相比，美國人的微笑程度也更高。故答案為Facebk users in America are mre likely t use prfile phts that fcus n their faces, while the phts f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第五段“In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry. (在其中一個研究樣本中，在日本留學的美國人和在美國留學的日本人都傾向于根據所在國的總體喜好來調整自己的頭像。)”可知，在日本留學的美國人傾向于根據所在國的總體喜好來調整個人資料照片，因為所在國的文化會影響他們在網上的自我表現(xiàn)。故答案為In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because the culture f their hst cuntry has an influence n their self-presentatin nline.???????
4.
開放題。考生言之有理則可。參考答案為：pssible versin 1: I use a picture f a cffee mug as my prfile pht. I use it because it is my favrite cffee mug and I want everyne t admire it. Besides, I am careful abut privacy and dn’t want t display my face t strangers nline.
pssible versin 2: I use a picture f myself as my prfile pht, and in the picture I am smiling cnfidently. I used it because I want peple t feel that I am a cnfident persn and I am trustwrthy.

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