?2023北京人大附中高三三模
英語(yǔ)
說明：本試卷共8頁(yè)，共100分;考試時(shí)間90分鐘;請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上填寫個(gè)人信息，將條形碼貼在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。
第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第 一 節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1 .5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Your first day anywhere can be tough. As a supply teacher, I had one such experience when I was required to work at a special education school.
When I received the call asking if I was available that day, a wave of____1____rushed over me. I’d never taught in a special school before, but I____2____pulled myself together and drove to the school. On the way there, I had____3____about everything I couldn’t do.
As I____4____, I was greeted by the head who assured me there was “nothing to worry about”, but I was feeling anything but! I was told I would teach key stage 1.
____5____by their parents, the children began to show up. I tried to hide my anxious feelings, although a few drops of____6____were noticeable.
The whole class, a total of 8 with various special needs, arrived by 9:30. Contrary to my_____7_____, as the day went on, my stress levels went down. The children were expressive, unique and passionate, though there were times that left me slightly_____8_____by their screams.
As the day ended, I can_____9_____say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career. I hope anyone will admit working at a special school and allow the passion of the children there to_____10_____their love of teaching.
1. A. panic B. sadness C. anger D. sympathy
2. A. hesitantly B. regularly C. eventually D. desperately
3. A. plans B. thoughts C. doubts D. opinions
4. A. broke up B. sped up C. picked up D. pulled up
5. A. Abandoned B. Suspected C. Accompanied D. Raised
6. A. ink B. rain C. sweat D. blood
7. A. decisions B. conclusions C. suggestions D. predictions
8. A. inspired B. refreshed C. shocked D. satisfied
9. A. regretfully B. honestly C. jokingly D. patiently
10. A. celebrate B. earn C. guarantee D. awaken
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次去特殊學(xué)校上課的經(jīng)歷，一開始作者很焦慮，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們很有表現(xiàn)力，很獨(dú)特，也很有激情，作者認(rèn)為這是自己教學(xué)生涯中最好的經(jīng)歷之一，并且希望任何人都能考慮到一所特殊的學(xué)校工作，讓那里的孩子們的熱情喚醒對(duì)教學(xué)的熱愛。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我接到電話問我那天是否有空時(shí)，一陣恐慌席卷了我。A. panic恐慌；B. sadness悲傷；C. anger憤怒；D. sympathy同情。根據(jù)后文“I’d never taught in a special school before(我以前從未在特殊學(xué)校教書)”可知，作者以前從沒在特殊學(xué)校教過書，所以感覺恐慌。故選A項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前從未在一所特殊的學(xué)校教過書，但我最終還是振作起來(lái)，開車去了學(xué)校。A. hesitantly猶豫地；B. regularly定期地；C. eventually終于；D. desperately絕望地。根據(jù)后文“pulled myself together and drove to the school(振作起來(lái)，開車去學(xué)校)”可知，作者最終還是去了學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在去那里的路上，我想了想所有我不能做的事。A. plans計(jì)劃；B. thoughts想法；C. doubts懷疑；D. opinions觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)后文“about everything I couldn’t do”指作者思考自己不能在學(xué)校做的事情。故選B項(xiàng)。
【4題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我把車停下的時(shí)候，我的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來(lái)迎接我，向我保證“沒有什么可擔(dān)心的”，但我感覺不是！A. broke up打破；B. sped up加速；C. picked up撿起；D. pulled up停下來(lái)。結(jié)合上文“and drove to the school”可知，此處指停車。故選D項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在父母的陪同下，孩子們開始出現(xiàn)了。A. Abandoned拋棄；B. Suspected懷疑；C. Accompanied陪伴；D. Raised提高。根據(jù)后文“by their parents, the children began to show up”可知，孩子們?cè)诟改傅呐阃鲁霈F(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我試圖掩飾我的焦慮情緒，然而很明顯我流下了幾滴汗。A. ink墨水；B. rain雨；C. sweat汗水；D. blood血液。根據(jù)上文“my anxious feelings, although a few drops of”可知，此處指作者因?yàn)榻箲]而出汗。故選C項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與我的預(yù)測(cè)相反，隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的壓力水平下降了。A. decisions決定；B. conclusions結(jié)論；C. suggestions建議；D. predictions預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)后文“my stress levels went down”可知，作者的壓力水平下降了，即與之前預(yù)期的自己會(huì)感到焦慮相反。故選D項(xiàng)。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們很有表現(xiàn)力，很獨(dú)特，也很有激情，盡管有時(shí)他們的尖叫聲讓我有些震驚。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. refreshed清爽的；C. shocked震驚的；D. satisfied滿足的。根據(jù)后文“by their screams”可知，作者對(duì)孩子們尖叫感到震驚。故選C項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天結(jié)束時(shí)，我可以誠(chéng)實(shí)地說，這是我教學(xué)生涯中最好的經(jīng)歷之一。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地；C. jokingly開玩笑地；D. patiently耐心地。根據(jù)后文“say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career”可知，作者可以誠(chéng)實(shí)地說，這是自己教學(xué)生涯中最好的經(jīng)歷之一。故選B項(xiàng)。
【10題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望任何人都能考慮到一所特殊的學(xué)校工作，讓那里的孩子們的熱情喚醒他們對(duì)教學(xué)的熱愛。A. celebrate慶祝；B. earn賺得；C. guarantee保證；D. awaken喚醒。根據(jù)上文“allow the passion of the children there to”可知，作者希望人們?nèi)ヌ厥鈱W(xué)校工作，因?yàn)樘厥鈱W(xué)校孩子的熱情可以喚醒人們對(duì)教學(xué)的熱愛。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Chinese named Bi Sheng invented movable type print around 1,000 years ago. The movable components were cubes made of baked clay. Characters were carved on each piece of clay, ___11___ looked like the seals widely used in China. The movable components could be arranged freely to form different vocabularies and sentences. They were fixed ____12____ an iron plate with frames in a certain sequence. Then ink was painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet ____13____(create) this way. This technique improved the efficiency of printing and transformed traditional transcription into modern printings and paintings spread widely in the world with the help of yin shua.
【答案】11. which
12. on 13. was created
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了畢昇發(fā)明的活字印刷術(shù)。
【11題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：每塊黏土上都刻有文字，看起來(lái)像中國(guó)廣泛使用的印章。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞clay，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
【12題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：它們按一定的順序被固定在一塊鐵板上。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“它們被固定在一塊鐵板上”，且強(qiáng)調(diào)被固定在鐵板的表面的狀態(tài)，可用固定短語(yǔ)fix sth. on sth.，空處需用介詞on。故填on。
【13題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：一張印刷品通過這種方法被制作出來(lái)。分析句子可知，空處作謂語(yǔ)，文章描繪的是過去發(fā)生的事情，句子時(shí)態(tài)宜用一般過去時(shí)，create和主語(yǔ)A printed sheet之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞需用was。故填was created。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Cash is king, or so they say. In one form or another, human beings have been carrying around money for hundreds of years. Metal was first coined into cash between 700 and 600 BC by the Lydians, and banknotes have been in circulation since _____14_____(they) first use in China around 1000 AD. These days, though, habits ____15____ (change). Modern technology means ____16____ while money is still widely used, it’s more likely to be a digital transaction than a wad of notes and a handful of shrapnel. If cash is king, then it may eventually be dethroned.
【答案】14. their
15. have changed
16. that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說明文。文章介紹了貨幣的演變。
【14題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：公元前700年至600年間，呂底亞人首次將金屬鑄造成現(xiàn)金，而中國(guó)在公元1000年左右首次使用金屬鈔票，此后就開始流通。提示詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞use，用形容詞性物主代詞their，意為“它們的”。故填their。
【15題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：然而，如今，習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改變了。分析句子可知，change(改變)是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)habits之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)These days，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have changed。
【16題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：現(xiàn)代科技意味著，雖然貨幣仍然被廣泛使用，但它更有可能是一種數(shù)字交易，而不是一疊鈔票和一把彈片。分析句子可知，“while money is still widely used, it’s more likely to be a digital transaction than a wad of notes and a handful of shrapnel.”是動(dòng)詞means后賓語(yǔ)從句，從句句意完整，不缺成分，應(yīng)用連接詞that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填that。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Physical books have advantages ____17____ seeing words with one’s own eyes can help to hold attention more tightly. It is also ____18____(easy) to find specific parts of the book again if the mind wanders while reading. However, audiobooks offer a different kind of experience, ____19____(allow) the listener to become fully immersed in the story and engage different parts of the brain. Listening to an audiobook has been shown to develop greater empathy, as listeners hear the emotion ____20____(convey) by the narrator. Inflection and intonation are more easily understood through hearing rather than reading. The intensity and imagery of the story can be heightened by listening to an audiobook, making the experience even more enjoyable.
【答案】17. because
18. easier 19. allowing
20. conveyed
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了實(shí)體書和有聲書各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
【17題詳解】
考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：實(shí)體書有其優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)橛米约旱难劬吹轿淖挚梢詭椭卫蔚丶凶⒁饬Α７治鼍渥右馑伎芍?，空后的“用自己的眼睛看到文字可以幫助更牢牢地集中注意力”是空前的“?shí)體書有其優(yōu)勢(shì)”的原因，且此處強(qiáng)調(diào)直接原因，空處應(yīng)用從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故填because。
【18題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：如果在閱讀時(shí)走神，也更容易找到書中的具體部分。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處在討論實(shí)體書的優(yōu)勢(shì)，隱含比較的意思，應(yīng)該是表示“更容易找到書中的具體部分”，空處應(yīng)用easy的比較級(jí)形式easier。故填easier。
【19題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，有聲書提供了一種不同的體驗(yàn)，讓聽者完全沉浸在故事中，并調(diào)動(dòng)大腦的不同部分。分析句子可知，空處作句子的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，allow和audiobooks邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用allow的現(xiàn)在分詞形式allowing。故填allowing。
【20題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：聽有聲書可以培養(yǎng)更強(qiáng)的同理心，因?yàn)槁犝呗牭搅藬⑹稣咚鶄鬟_(dá)的情感。分析句子可知，空處是修飾the emotion的后置定語(yǔ)，是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，convey和the emotion邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用convey的過去分詞形式conveyed。故填conveyed。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney’s harbor, city, bay and beach highlights.
A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbor cruises (游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.
Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, tasting the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.
SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7-calendar-day period. With a 3 or 5-day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.
SydneyPass Fares



Adult

Child*

Family**

3-day ticket

$90

$45

$225

5-day ticket

$120

$60

$300

7-day ticket

$140

$70

$350

*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.
**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.
21. A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on ________.
A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbor cruises
C. regular Sydney Buses D. CityRail services
22. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ________.
A. save fares from and to the airport
B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches
C. enjoy the famous seafood for free
D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
23. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?
A. $225. B. $300. C. $360. D. $420.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了如何使用悉尼公交的一種乘車證。SydneyPass提供3，5，7天不等的悉尼的海港城市，海灣和海灘等地旅游路線。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city可判斷，故選D.
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip可知有乘車卡可以節(jié)省來(lái)往機(jī)場(chǎng)的費(fèi)用，故選A.
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)圖表和下面的說明可知：Children under 4 years travel free，說明三歲的孩子免費(fèi)，所以兩個(gè)成年人是240元加上兩個(gè)小孩120元，共360元。故選C.

【名師點(diǎn)睛】
做好細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾點(diǎn)建議：
細(xì)節(jié)理解題屬直接解答性問題，是閱讀理解題中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種，多數(shù)屬中低難度的題。但高考所占的比例大，應(yīng)特別引起注意。事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題的命題特點(diǎn)是：對(duì)文章或某一段落中的一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章重要事實(shí)的理解，一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題。直接理解題能在原文直接找到答案，而語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題則需要將題目信息與原文信息加工或整理后才能得出結(jié)論。
做細(xì)節(jié)理解題具體方法與步驟如下：
①略讀材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；
②按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如for example, first, second…等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)；
③將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上。快速通篇跳讀，全文掃視，找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如第21小題根據(jù)第二段最后一句CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city可判斷，故選D. 第22小題根據(jù)All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip可知有乘車卡可以節(jié)省來(lái)往機(jī)場(chǎng)的費(fèi)用，故選A.
B
All the Light We Cannot See is about a blind girl named Marie-Laure, who lives in Paris, France, in the 1930s. When the Nazis invade in 1940, she and her father are forced to leave the city. They escape to a countryside town to hide with Marie-Laure’s great uncle, Etierine. After several months, Marie-Laure’s father gets arrested. She continues to live with Etienne, and they start passing on secret signals to aid the French Resistance movement.
Werner Pfennig is a German orphan with a hobby of listening to science and music programs on an old radio. Developing a talent for fixing radios, he is later hired by the Nazis to help them track enemy radio signals during the war. One day, he picks up a signal that is coming from Etienne’s home in France.
Anyway, Maric-Laure and Werner meet and develop a strong relationship. Can these poor souls find a way to escape this horrible war together?
Anthony Doerr is an American author from Cleveland, Ohio. Critics have praised Doerr’s writing for his short, sharp sentences and attention to detail. All the Light We Cannot See is his second novel, which was published in 2014. It quickly became a New York Times best-seller and won a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
The amazing novel gives readers a look at the ugly face of war. Throughout the book, we see how war can destroy people’s lives in the blink (眨眼) of an eye. Characters such as Etienne and Marie-Laure’s father disappear in an instant and are never heard from again. However, war is also shown to bring out the best in people. The characters who survive must show great courage and strength when they face challenges.
Another important idea is the importance of science and technology. Doerr suggests that technologies, such as the radio, are helpful to society if they are used with good intentions. However, if technologies fall into the hands of evil (邪惡), they can cause great destruction.
24. How does Marie-Laure and Etienne help fight against Nazis?
A. By providing information. B. By joining French army.
C. By tracking radio signals. D. By making their life public.
25. Anthony Doerr’s writings are highly thought of because .
A. they are short in length B. they are full of interesting details
C. he is a prize winner D. he is economical with words
26. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Science and technology should be valued. B. War destroys everything on its way.
C. Technology is a double-edge sword. D. Technology plays a key role in war.
27. In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely to be seen?
A. Great Writers. B. Book Club.
C. Everyday Hero. D. Hit Movies.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了小說All the Light We Cannot See和它的作者Anthony Doerr。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“She continues to live with Etienne, and they start passing on secret signals to aid the French Resistance movement.”（她繼續(xù)和Etienne住在一起，他們開始傳遞秘密信號(hào)，以幫助法國(guó)抵抗運(yùn)動(dòng)。）可知，Marie-Laure和Etienne通過提供信息來(lái)幫助反納粹斗爭(zhēng)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Critics have praised Doerr’s writing for his short, sharp sentences and attention to detail.”（評(píng)論家們稱贊Doerr的作品，因?yàn)樗木渥佣绦【?，而且注重?xì)節(jié)。）可知，Anthony Doerr的作品被高度評(píng)價(jià)是因?yàn)樗迷~非常簡(jiǎn)練。故選D項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Doerr suggests that technologies, such as the radio, are helpful to society if they are used with good intentions. However, if technologies fall into the hands of evil (邪惡), they can cause great destruction.”（Doerr認(rèn)為，如果人們懷著好的意圖使用諸如收音機(jī)之類的技術(shù)，它們對(duì)社會(huì)是有益的。然而，如果技術(shù)落入邪惡之手，它們可能會(huì)造成巨大的破壞。）可知，技術(shù)可以對(duì)社會(huì)有益，也可以帶來(lái)破壞。由此可知，技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍。故選C項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了小說All the Light We Cannot See以及它的作者Anthony Doerr，主要描繪了小說的情節(jié)和主題，并分享了作家的寫作風(fēng)格。由此推知，文章主要圍繞圖書展開，可能出自雜志的“讀書俱樂部”欄目。故選B項(xiàng)。
C
Delivering life-saving drugs directly to the brain in a safe and effective way is a challenge for medical providers. One key reason: the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from tissue-specific drug delivery. Methods such as an injection or a pill aren’t as precise or immediate as doctors might prefer, and ensuring delivery right to the brain often requires invasive, risky techniques.
A team of engineers from Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new nano-particle generation-delivery method that could someday vastly improve drug delivery to the brain, making it as simple as a sniff.
“This would be a nano-particle nasal spray, and the delivery system could allow medicine to reach the brain within 30 minutes to one hour,” said Ramesh Raliya, research scientist at the School of Engineering & Applied Science.
“The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain,” Raliya said. “ But when we need to deliver something there, getting through that barrier is difficult and invasive. Our non-invasive technique can deliver drugs via nano-particles, so there’s less risk and better response times.”
The novel approach is based on aerosol science and engineering principles that allow the generation of mono-disperse nano-particles, which can deposit on upper regions of the nasal cavity via spread. The nano-particles were tagged with markers, allowing the researchers to track their movement.
Next, researchers exposed locusts’ antenna to the aerosol, and observed the nano-particles travel from the antennas up through the olfactory nerve, which is used to sense the smell. Due to their tiny size, the nano-particles passed through the brain-blood barrier, reaching the brain and spreading all over it in a matter of minutes.
The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities. “The shortest and possibly the easiest path to the brain is through your nose,” said Barani Raman, associate professor of biomedical engineering. “Your nose, the olfactory bulb and then olfactory cortex: two steps and you’ve reached the cortex.”
To determine whether or not the foreign nano-particles disrupted normal brain function Saha examined the physiology response of olfactory neurons in the locusts before and after the nano-particle delivery and found no noticeable change in the electro-physiological responses was detected.
This is only a beginning of a set of studies that can be performed to make nano-particle-based drug delivery approaches more principled Raman said. The next phase of research involves fusing the gold nano-particles with various medicines, and using ultrasound to target a more precise dose to specific areas of the brain, which would be especially beneficial in brain-tumor cases.
28. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A novel method of drug delivery. B. A challenge facing medical staff.
C. A new medicine treating brain disease. D. A technique to improve doctor’s ability.
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Doctors prefer using methods like an injection to treat diseases.
B. Locusts were tagged with markers to track their movement.
C. The blood-brain barrier lowers the effectiveness of a pill.
D. The medicine could reach the brain within half an hour.
30. The researchers focused their study on locusts because .
A. human and locusts have similar structures that protect brain from foreign substances
B. the delivery process consists of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortex
C. locusts have changeable electrophysiological responses to nanoparticles
D. the shortest and possibly the safest path to the brain is through human’s noses
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員研發(fā)了一種新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低、反應(yīng)快的納米粒子生成輸送方法，通過納米顆粒向大腦輸送藥物，改善藥物的療效。
【28題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了研究人員研發(fā)了一種新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低、反應(yīng)快的納米粒子生成輸送方法，通過納米顆粒向大腦輸送藥物，改善藥物的療效。因此，A項(xiàng)“一種新的藥物輸送方法”符合文章大意。故選A項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“One key reason: the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from tissue-specific drug delivery. Methods such as an injection or a pill aren’t as precise or immediate as doctors might prefer, and ensuring delivery right to the brain often requires invasive, risky techniques.（一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是血腦屏障，它保護(hù)大腦不受組織特異性藥物輸送的影響。注射或服用藥片等方法并不像醫(yī)生所希望的那樣精確或即時(shí)，確保將藥物正確輸送到大腦往往需要侵入性的、有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的技術(shù)。）”可知，血腦屏障保護(hù)大腦不受組織特異性藥物輸送的影響，會(huì)影響藥片的精確性和及時(shí)性，降低其有效性。故選C項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities.（該團(tuán)隊(duì)在蝗蟲身上測(cè)試了這一概念，因?yàn)檫@種昆蟲和人類的血腦屏障有相似之處。）”可知，研究人員將研究重點(diǎn)放在蝗蟲身上是因?yàn)槿祟惡突认x的血腦屏障相似，即有相似的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)保護(hù)大腦免受外來(lái)物質(zhì)的侵害。故選A項(xiàng)。
D
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme “Top Gear” discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said: “That's quite a strange combination. It's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”.
This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions (斷言).We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being 'generally rather casual' and more outwardly friendly than many European counties'. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they do not need a personal relationship in order to do business. Once you hear advice like this,it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson's joke, but not baring an eyelid (眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two?
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean? Stereotype are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist's experience.
If however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings in this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful. but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics,they can avoid causing offence (冒犯) in those cultures.
However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
31. When he said, “it's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”，Jeremy Clarkson really meant________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won't
32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It's typical of the Swiss to be punctual.
B. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
C. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
D. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
33. Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because________.
A. they don't want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
34. The main purpose of this passage is to________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D. discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括。由于文化、習(xí)俗習(xí)慣不同，不同的民族總是有其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)，社會(huì)應(yīng)予以保護(hù)。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Immediately, he said: “That's quite a strange combination. It's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”. (他馬上說：“這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)奇怪的組合。這就像，這必須做得絕對(duì)完美……明天”)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. (這個(gè)笑話是針對(duì)德國(guó)人效率高、愛爾蘭人懶惰的刻板印象)”可知，人們認(rèn)為德國(guó)人效率高、愛爾蘭人懶惰，是很奇怪的組合，可得出作者說這句話是為了表明人們對(duì)德國(guó)人和愛爾蘭人的印象是相反的。故選C。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“If however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. (然而，如果這位游客說瑞士人非常守時(shí)，這可以看作是一種文化特征)”可知，守時(shí)是瑞士人的典型文化特征。故選A。
33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence (冒犯) in those cultures. (政治家們必須時(shí)刻注意不同國(guó)家的文化特征。通過了解不同的文化特征，他們可以避免在這些文化中造成冒犯)”可知，通過對(duì)不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不會(huì)冒犯別人了。故選A。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章尤其是最后三段內(nèi)容，特別是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups? (所有這些都提出了重要的問題：對(duì)人群進(jìn)行概括是否是一件積極的事情？還是我們應(yīng)該總是避免對(duì)不同的群體做出廣泛的假設(shè)？)”可知，文章主要討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括，討論對(duì)人群進(jìn)行概括是否有益。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. ____35____ For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read.
Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. _____36_____ Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. ____37____ Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language.
____38____ Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing?, the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. ____39____ For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.
A. Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.
B. Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.
C. As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.
D. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use.
E. The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.
F. Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.
G. The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.
【答案】35. B 36. F 37. G 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語(yǔ)言會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化，其原因很多樣，變化主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音三個(gè)方面。
【35題詳解】
前文“In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other.（在某些方面，語(yǔ)言的變化是令人驚訝的。畢竟，它們代代相傳，足以讓父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的話題語(yǔ)言的變化，后文“For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的時(shí)間里，日語(yǔ)的變化相對(duì)較小，而英語(yǔ)在短短幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)就迅速演化。）”用日語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的變化情況作為例子，B項(xiàng)“Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.（然而，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有現(xiàn)存的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化——盡管變化的速度不同。）”符合語(yǔ)境，和前文對(duì)語(yǔ)言變化的驚訝構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，是后文的例證支持的觀點(diǎn)，后文的“changed relatively little over a thousand years”“evolved rapidly in just a few centuries”解釋了其中的“at different rates”。故選B。
【36題詳解】
前文“Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration.（語(yǔ)言的變化有很多原因。由于社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治壓力的影響，語(yǔ)言往往會(huì)發(fā)生大規(guī)模變化，因?yàn)橛泻芏嗳肭?、殖民和移民推?dòng)語(yǔ)言變化的例子。）”點(diǎn)明了本段的主旨語(yǔ)言變化的原因，介紹了外部宏觀環(huán)境的原因，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.（即使沒有這些影響，如果有足夠多的使用者采用一種新的說話方式，一門語(yǔ)言也會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。）”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds of influences”指前文的“social, economic, and political pressures”，介紹了使用者方面的原因作為補(bǔ)充。故選F。
【37題詳解】
前文“But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是個(gè)體說話的獨(dú)特方式也會(huì)促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言的變化，因?yàn)闆]有兩個(gè)人使用一種語(yǔ)言的方式完全相同。）”提到了個(gè)體使用的語(yǔ)言存在差異，G項(xiàng)“The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.（人們使用的詞匯和短語(yǔ)取決于他們居住的地方、年齡、教育程度、社會(huì)地位和其他因素。）”符合語(yǔ)境，具體解釋了個(gè)體語(yǔ)言差異的原因。故選G。
【38題詳解】
空處位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落內(nèi)容。后文“Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened.（詞匯變化很快，比如從其他語(yǔ)言中借用新詞，或者新詞被創(chuàng)造、組合或縮略。）”、“While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly.（雖然詞匯變化很快，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)——句子中單詞的順序變化得比較慢。）”和“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期間，英語(yǔ)元音的發(fā)音發(fā)生了巨大變化。）”涉及語(yǔ)言變化中的詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音，E項(xiàng)“The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.（語(yǔ)言隨著時(shí)間的推移發(fā)生變化的三個(gè)主要方面是詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音。）”符合語(yǔ)境，概括了這三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。故選E。
【39題詳解】
后文“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期間，英語(yǔ)元音的發(fā)音發(fā)生了巨大變化。這種轉(zhuǎn)變體現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的最大區(qū)別。）”介紹的是語(yǔ)言變化的發(fā)音方面，A項(xiàng)“Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.（聲音的變化很難記錄，但同樣有趣。）”符合語(yǔ)境，引起后文內(nèi)容。故選A。
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
40. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics?
__________________________________________________________________
41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?
__________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
__________________________________________________________________
43. Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)人們說“我不能”時(shí)，他們并不是說他們沒有能力做某事，而是他們害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人們，說“我不能”比承認(rèn)自己需要幫助、害怕或沮喪要容易得多。說“我不能”的時(shí)候，其實(shí)我們想說的是別的，所以我們應(yīng)該試著使用更有幫助的詞語(yǔ)，這樣我們才能得到我們需要的幫助。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教練，在嘗試再次交談之前都必須做50個(gè)俯臥撐)”可知，在我小時(shí)候的體操訓(xùn)練中，如果有人說“我不能”，他會(huì)被罰做50個(gè)俯臥撐。故答案為50 push-ups。
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(對(duì)我來(lái)說，“我不能”實(shí)際上意味著“我害怕在全班同學(xué)面前哮喘病發(fā)作”和“跑步時(shí)落后同學(xué)幾圈真是太尷尬了；我寧愿故意走完全程來(lái)保護(hù)我的自尊心，所以請(qǐng)不要打擾我?！?”可知，我在體育課上說“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同學(xué)面前哮喘病發(fā)作”和“跑步時(shí)落后同學(xué)幾圈真是太尷尬了；我寧愿故意走完全程來(lái)保護(hù)我的自尊心，所以請(qǐng)不要打擾我?！惫蚀鸢笧椤癐’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
【42題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，讓我們求助于“我不能”比隱藏我們更深層次的感受會(huì)造成更大的傷害。最終，我們和我們周圍的人開始相信這一點(diǎn)。我知道有些事情我已經(jīng)不再嘗試了，因?yàn)?，嗯，我就是不能?”可知，作者停止嘗試是因?yàn)樽约合嘈拧拔也荒堋?，而不是真正“沒有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述錯(cuò)誤。故答案為There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
【43題詳解】
開放性問題。言之有理，注意詞數(shù)限制即可。故答案為I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國(guó)好友Jim來(lái)信說他收到理想大學(xué)的面試通知，他有些緊張。請(qǐng)你給他回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 表示祝賀并給予安慰；
2. 提供建議并說明理由。
注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jim,
It was great to hear from you. Congratulations on being selected for the university interview! I know it can be a nerve-wracking experience, but I have every faith you’ll do brilliantly.
In terms of advice, remember to be yourself. You have a unique set of skills and experiences, so don’t be afraid to showcase them. Also, research the university thoroughly and prepare some questions that show your interest in the course. This will demonstrate your level of commitment and passion for the subject area. Additionally, do some practice interviews with friends or family members. This will help you feel more comfortable and confident on the day of the actual interview.
Good luck! I am rooting for you!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。英國(guó)好友Jim來(lái)信說他收到理想大學(xué)的面試通知，他有些緊張。要求考生給他回復(fù)一封郵件，表示祝賀并給予安慰，同時(shí)提供建議并說明理由。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
選擇：select → choose
建議：advice → suggestions
害怕的：afraid → frightened
此外：Additionally → In addition
2.句式拓展
合并簡(jiǎn)單句
原句：Additionally, do some practice interviews with friends or family members. This will help you feel more comfortable and confident on the day of the actual interview.
拓展句：Additionally, do some practice interviews with friends or family members, which will help you feel more comfortable and confident on the day of the actual interview.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]I know it can be a nerve-wracking experience, but I have every faith you’ll do brilliantly. (運(yùn)用了省略連詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2]Also, research the university thoroughly and prepare some questions that show your interest in the course. (運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)


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