Part 1高考真題長難句
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva — nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A. Read music.B. Play the pian.
C. Sing sngs.D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring.B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding.D. Dangerus.
26. What des Tittertn need t practise?
A. Cunting the pages.B. Recgnizing the “ndding”.
C. Catching falling bjects.D. Perfrming in his wn style.
27. Why is Ms Rasppva’s husband “the wrse page turner”?
A He has very pr eyesight.B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music.D. He frgets t d his jb.
【詞匯】
1.trained 2.instrument 3.require
4.repeat 5.nstage 6.indicate
7.draft 8.cncert 9.entire
10.demanding 11.recgnize 12.ignre
13.audience
【詞匯答案】
1.trained adj. 訓練過的
2.instrument n. 儀器；樂器；工具；器械v. 用器械（或儀器）裝備；向…提交文書
3.require v. 要求；需要；命令；規(guī)定
4.repeat n. 重復；反復v. 重復；復述adj. 重復的；反復的
5.nstage adj. 臺上的；臺上演出的；舞臺表演區(qū)的adv. 在臺上；在舞臺表演區(qū)
6.indicate v. 指示；象征；顯示；暗示，預示v. 表明；指明
7.draft n. 草稿；草圖；匯票；征兵vt. 起草；征兵；選秀adj. 醞釀中的
8.cncert n. 音樂會；一致；和諧vt. 協(xié)定；協(xié)同安排vi. 合作
9.entire adj. 全部的；完整的；全面的
10.demanding adj. 要求多的；吃力的
11.recgnize vt. 承認；認出；意識到；表示感激；識別
12.ignre vt. 忽視；不理；不顧
13.audience n. 聽眾；觀眾；讀者；傾聽；擁護者；正式會見
【長難句】
1. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句是復合句，主句為主系表結構，“t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre”是表語；從句為目的狀語從句“s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves”。
翻譯：他的工作是坐在鋼琴家旁邊翻閱樂譜，這樣音樂家就不必自己動手破壞聲音的流動。
2. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為并列句，“and”后面跟著不定式短語作狀語，“t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner” 其中定語從句“which they need t practise with their page turner”修飾“a page turn”。
翻譯：在臺上無聲的交流是關鍵，每個鋼琴家都有自己的“點頭”風格來表示他們需要用翻頁器練習的翻頁。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了為鋼琴演奏者做翻頁工作的Rbert Tittertn和他的工作情況。
【24題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.(我不是受過訓練的音樂家，但我學會了識譜，這樣我就可以在Maria的表演中幫助她)”可知，Tittertn因為識譜，所以可以在Maria的鋼琴表演中為她翻頁。故選A項。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第三段“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.(這項工作需要很多技能。你必須確保你不會一次翻兩頁并且必要的時候確保你回到前面找到音樂重復的部分)”可知，為鋼琴家翻頁這項工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Tittertn的工作要求是很高的。故選C項。
【26題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.(無聲的舞臺交流是關鍵，每個鋼琴家都有自己的“點頭”風格來表示翻頁，他們需要和翻頁者進行練習)”可知，Tittertn需要和鋼琴演奏者練習識別他們的“點頭”示意來翻頁。故選B項。
【27題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他對音樂很感興趣，感受著每一個音符，所以我不得不說：“翻頁，翻頁！”)”可知，Ms Rasppva的丈夫因為對音樂感興趣，所以幫她翻頁的時候總是沉浸在音樂中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故選D項。
新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【詞匯】
1.cntinent 2.astnishing 3.variety
4.precius 5.resurce 6.decimate
7.handful 8.verly 9.ambitius
10.huse 11.waterfwl 12.destructin
13.vital 14.survival 15.annually
16.purchase 17.plitical 18.cartnist
19.appint 20.inclusin 21.available
22.generatin 23.habitat 24.cnservatin
25.initiate 26.decline 27.exprt
28.acquire 29.distribute 30.migratry
31.refuge
【詞匯答案】
1.cntinent n. 大陸；洲；(the Cntinent)歐洲大陸
2. astnishing adj. 驚人的
3.variety n. 多樣；種類；多樣化n. 雜耍
4.precius adj. 寶貴的；珍貴的；矯揉造作的adv. 極其n. 寶貝，心愛的人
5.resurce n. 資源；機敏；才略；寄托；消遣
6.decimate v. 毀掉大部分；大量殺死；使驟減
7.handful n. 一把；少數；難控制的人；棘手之事
8.verly adv. 過度地；極度地
9.ambitius adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱負的
10.huse n. 房屋；住一屋的人；機構；議院；觀眾；聽眾；黃道十二宮之一v. 給…房子住；儲存(某物)；容納；藏有
11.waterfwl n. 水鳥；水禽
12.destructin n. 破壞；毀滅
13.vital adj. 至關重要的；有活力的；生死攸關的
14.survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；殘存物，幸存物；【人類學】(失去原有意義、作用的)殘存文化特征
15.annually adv. 每年；年年
16.purchase vt. 購買n. 購買；購買的物品
17.plitical adj. 政治的；政治上的；政黨的；人事的；爭權奪利的
18.cartnist n. 漫畫家
19.appint v. 任命；委派；指定；約定
20.inclusin n. 包含
21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；【政】有資格的，適合的
22.generatin n. 代；（產品類型的）代；產生；繁殖
23.habitat n. 棲息地；產地
24.cnservatin n. 保存；保護；守恒；節(jié)約
25.initiate vt. 開始；創(chuàng)始；啟蒙；介紹加入n. 創(chuàng)始人adj. 新加入的；啟蒙的
26.decline v. 下降；減少；變弱；拒絕；傾斜n. 衰微；跌落；晚年
27.exprt n. 輸出；出口；輸出品；輸出存儲器的信息v. 輸出；出口；帶走，運走；從存儲器輸出信息
28.acquire vt. 獲得；學到；取得
29.distribute v. 分配；散發(fā)；分布
30.migratry adj. 遷移的；流浪的
31.refuge n. 避難；避難所；庇護v. 庇護；避難
【長難句】
1. When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：當探險家們第一次踏上北美洲大陸時，天空和大地上充滿了各種各樣的野生動物。
這是復合句，由“when”引導的時間狀語此句“When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America”，和主句“the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife”。
翻譯：成百上千萬英畝的濕地被曬干，用來喂養(yǎng)和居住不斷增加的水禽種群，大大減少了水禽的棲息地
2. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (棲息地).
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析： 此句為簡單句，“t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins”為目的狀語，分詞短語“greatly reducing waterfwl habitat”作結果狀語。
翻譯：成百上千萬英畝的濕地被曬干，用來喂養(yǎng)和居住不斷增加的水禽種群，大大減少了水禽的棲息地
3. In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (遷徒的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為簡單句，主句為“natin tk firm actin”，其中“with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act)”作伴隨狀語，“t stp the destructin f migratry (遷徒的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival”為目的狀語。
翻譯： 1934年，隨著《候鳥捕獵郵票法》的通過，越來越受到關注的國家采取了堅定的行動，阻止對候鳥及其生存至關重要的濕地的破壞。
4. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為復合句，主句為“The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. ‘Ding’Darling”，同位語“a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines”，定語從句“wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.”。
翻譯： “丁”達林，一個來自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫畫家，他當時被富蘭克林羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)任命為生物調查局局長。
5. Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：主句為“Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund”，其中不定式“t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System”作為目的狀語。同位語從句“that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.”和“a fact”互為同位語。
翻譯：每枚鴨郵票中約98美分直接進入候鳥保護基金，用于購買濕地和野生動物棲息地，納入國家野生動物保護區(qū)系統(tǒng)——這一事實確保了這片土地將得到保護，并為子孫后代提供。
6. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：難怪聯(lián)邦鴨郵票計劃被稱為有史以來最成功的保護計劃之一。
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。
【28題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百萬公頃的濕地被抽干用作農地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導致了水禽數量的下降，故選A。
【29題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過5億美元進入到了這個基金會，購買了超過500萬公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過發(fā)行鴨票，美國政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據全文可知，由于之前不恰當的發(fā)展導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國鴨票的故事，故選A。
新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解D
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【詞匯】
1.ppularizatin 2.riginal 3.makeup
4.character 5.mtivatin 6.mental
7.stability 8.ptimism 9.accurately
10.ptential 11.victim 12.mral
13.verall 14.publicity 15.beneficial
16.psitive 17.aspect 18.prmte
19.well-being 20.adaptively 21.cntinuing
22.appeal 23.desirable 24.excite
25.schlarly 26.perspective 27.measure
28.mentin 29.clarify 30.predictin
31.attitude 32.favrable 33.intlerant
34.expectatin 35.applicatin
【詞匯答案】
1.ppularizatin n. 通俗化；平易化；普及
2.riginal adj. 原始的；最初的；有獨創(chuàng)性的；原版的n. 原版；真品；怪人；有獨創(chuàng)性的人n. 起源
3.makeup . 化妝品；組成；體格；性格；補充；補考；[印]排版
4.character n. 個性；品質；字符；人物；名譽；地位adj. [劇](角色)代表某一特性的
5.mtivatin n. 動機；動力；刺激；積極性
6.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；腦力的n. 精神病患者
7.stability n. 穩(wěn)定性；居于修道院
8.ptimism n. 樂觀；樂觀主義
9.accurately adv. 準確地；精確地
10.ptential adj. 潛在的；可能的n. 潛力；潛能n. 電位；電勢
11.victim n. 受害者；受騙者；犧牲
12.mral adj. 道德的；精神上的n. 寓意；道德；品行；倫理
13.verall adj. 全部的；總體的；全面考慮的adv. 總的來說；總共n. 罩衫；工作服
14.publicity n. 公眾的注意；宣傳；宣揚；宣傳品；廣告
15.beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的
16.psitive adj. 積極的；肯定的；明確的；正面的；正數的；陽性的n. 正面；正數；正片；[語]原級
17.aspect n. 方面；方位；外觀；外貌
18.prmte vt. 促進；提升；升遷；發(fā)起；促銷，推銷
19.well-being n. 康樂；安寧
20.adaptively adj. 適合的；適應的
21.cntinuing adj. 連續(xù)的；持續(xù)的；不間斷的
22.appeal n. 懇求；呼吁；上訴；吸引力n. (體育比賽中)訴請裁決v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；訴請
23.desirable adj. 令人滿意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物
24.excite vt. 使興奮；使激動；刺激；激起
25.schlarly adj. 學術性的；學究氣的；學者派頭的
26.perspective n. 遠景；看法；透視adj. 透視的
27.measure n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；辦法v. 測量；比較；給予；權衡
28.mentin vt. 提到；說起n. 提及；說起
29.clarify vt. 澄清；闡明；凈化
30.predictin n. 預言；預報
31.attitude n. 態(tài)度；看法；姿勢
32.favrable adj. 有利的；順利的；良好的；贊同的
33.intlerant adj. 不能容忍的；偏執(zhí)的
34. expectatin n. 預料；期望
35.applicatin n. 應用；申請；專心；應用程序
【長難句】
1. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desitrble in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.”
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：
此句為復合句，其中主句為“Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything”，其中定語從句“that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and ‘peple skills.’”修飾everything。
翻譯：許多人現(xiàn)在誤解了情商，認為情商幾乎是一個人妝容中所有必須的、用智商測試無法衡量的東西，比如性格、動機、信心、心理穩(wěn)定性、樂觀主義和“人際交往能力”
2. Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：
此句為復合句，主句為“Research has shwn”，賓語從句為“that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.”，其中從句中“but”連接兩個并列成分。
翻譯：研究表明，情感技能可能有助于這些素質中的一些，但其中大多數遠遠超出了基于技能的情商。
3. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為并列句，“while”表示兩個句子的對比，前面的句子主干為“The ability may be used by a dctr”，其中不定式短語“t accurately understand hw thers are feeling”做后置定語修飾“ability”；不定式短語“t find hw best t help her patients”“ t cntrl ptential victims”為目的狀語。
翻譯：準確理解他人感受的能力可能會被醫(yī)生用來發(fā)現(xiàn)如何最好地幫助她的病人，而騙子可能會用它來控制潛在的受害者。
4. Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為復合句，由“Althugh”引導的讓步狀語從句，從句中由“what”引導的賓語從句“what research can reasnably supprt”，主句為“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful”。
翻譯：盡管關于情商的流行觀點遠遠超出了研究所能合理支持的范圍，但宣傳的總體效果是利大于弊。
5. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析： 此句為簡單句，主系表的結構。其中主語較長“The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin”其中心詞為“aspect”。
翻譯：這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他對促進社會福利感興趣的人對情感的新的和迫切需要的重視。
6. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析： 此句為簡單句，主干為“The ppularizatin has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality and hw” 其結構為“主語+help sb. d sth.”。
翻譯： 情緒智力的普及有助于公眾和研究人員重新評估情緒的功能，以及情緒如何在日常生活中適應地為人們服務。
7. Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為復合句，由“Althugh”引導的讓步狀語從句和主句構成。其中主句“We hpe that”后跟“that”引導的賓語從句。
翻譯：盡管情商的持續(xù)流行是可取的，但我們希望這種關注將激發(fā)人們對情感科學和學術研究的更大興趣。
8. It is ur hpe that in cming decades，advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.
句子結構分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子結構分析：此句為復合句，主句“It is ur hpe”，其中it作為形式主語，“that in cming decades，advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives”為祝語從句。
翻譯：我們希望，在未來幾十年里，科學的進步將為研究人們如何管理自己的生活提供新的視角。
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了情商的定義以及對有關于情商未來研究的期望。
【32題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一段“Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于這些品質的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一個人的積極品質。故選D項。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過文章第二段“The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. (醫(yī)生可能利用這種準確理解他人感受的能力來找到最好的幫助病人的方法，而騙子可能利用這種能力來控制潛在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是舉例子來闡明下文的觀點——情商高并不一定能使一個人成為有道德的人。故選B項。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊。這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育者和其他對促進社會福利感興趣的人對情感進行了新的、迫切需要的強調。情商的普及幫助了公眾和研究人員)”可推知，作者認為情商普及是對人們有利的。故選A項。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. (我們希望這種關注將激發(fā)人們對情感科學和學術研究的更大興趣。我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學的進步將為研究人們如何管理自己的生活提供新的視角)”可推知，本段主要談了對未來關于情商研究的期望。故選B項。
在閱讀理解的某些細節(jié)題中，正確選項與原文的大意相同但表達方式不同，即進行了同義轉換。如2020年全國Ⅰ卷第33題，正確選項中用lack f替代了原文中的be shrt f (缺乏)；2019年全國Ⅰ卷第29題，正確選項中用vary frm persn t persn替代了原文中的unique (獨一無二的)。對此，我們歸納了常見的150組同義表達，供考生復習參考。事實上，同義結構放在一塊記，有助于擴大詞匯量；掌握這些同義表達，對閱讀和寫作，以及解答其他題，都是非常有益的。
Part 2同義替換
同義替換Unit1
充滿 be full f, be filled with, be flded with, be crwded with
區(qū)分 distinguish/tell A frm B
親自 persnally, in persn
只有 nly, nbdy/nthing but
出版 cme ut, be published
尤其 particularly, in particular
鍛煉 exercise, wrk ut
謀生 make/earn a living
代表 represent, stand fr, (be) n behalf f
結合 cmbine, mix sth up
前進 advance, mve frward
舒適 cmfrtable, at ease
十年 decade, ten years
兩周 frtnight, tw weeks
二十 scre, twenty
十二 dzen, twelve
成人 adult, grwn-up
刪除 delete, cut ut
下降，減少 decline, cme/g dwn, drp, fall, decrease, reduce
移走 remve, take away
吸收 absrb, take in
與...一致 agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
把...分開 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
用...替換 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative t. . .
同義替換Unit2
回答 answer, reply t
收割 harvest, gather,get in
抵制 byctt, refuse t accept, resist,reject
與...相反/對立 cntradict, be ppsite t
代替 replace, take the place f
背誦 recite, learn. . .by heart
害怕 fear, be afraid/scared f
退（學） quit, drp ut f (schl)
推遲 delay, pstpne, put ff
去拿來 fetch, g and bring back
相匹配 match, g with
精力充沛 energetic, full f energy
少數 a minrity f, a small number f
打擾 cause truble t, bther,disturb
描述 describe, give a descriptin f
后來 afterwards, after that, later n
缺席 be absent frm, be nt present at
目前 nwadays, at present,at the present time
宣布 annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
重要 cunt, matter, be imprtant, be f imprtance. significant,vital,crucial
擔心 wrry abut, be cncerned/anxius abut
提到 mentin,refer t,talk abut/f
偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/accident/cincidence, casually, ccasinally
同義替換Unit3
展覽 n shw/display/exhibitin
勇敢（去做） be brave t, have curage t
違法的 illegal, nt legal, against the law
滿足需要 cater t/meet/satisfy the need
放棄 abandn, g away frm, leave,give up
信任，信賴 trust, believe, have cnfidence/faith in
在農村／城市 in the cuntryside/city, rural/urban areas
勸某人做 advise sb t d, try t persuade sb t d
取消 cancel, call ff
勸某人不要做 discurage sb frm ding, persuade sb nt t d取消
除·······之外besides, as well as, in additin t, apart frm
制訂計劃make a plan, wrk ut a plan, draw up a plan
逃跑escape,run away
開始存在appear, cme int being, cme int existence
進入enter, cme/g int
防...止疾病prtect. . .frm sickness, avid/prevent sickness
用完某物run ut f sth, lack sth, sth run ut, sth be used up
方式，方法way, slutin, apprach, methd, means
情況良好in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
置若罔聞turn a deaf ear t, refuse t listen t
高興起來cheer up, becme happy
全世界all ver/arund the wrld, wrldwide, glbally, internatinally
重力gravity, the pull f the earth
算出calculate, figure ut
與·······不同differ frm, be different frm, vary frm. . .t. . .
亂七八糟in a mess,in disrder
氣喘吁吁breathless,ut f breath
做出決定determine, decide, make a decisin
對······有害d harm t, be harmful t
相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar t
低語，耳語whisper, speak in a lw vice
同義替換Unit4
尋找，追求seek, lk/search/hunt fr
茫然，困惑at a lss, puzzled/cnfused
取笑，逗弄tease, make fun f, laugh at, amuse
提高，改善imprve, make/becme better
慶祝celebrate, hld a celebratin
長胖put n/gain weight, grw fat
熟悉knw. . .well, be familiar with
處理handle, settle, deal with, cpe with
到處everywhere, here and there
加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
值得，應得deserve sth, be wrthy f sth, be wrth ding sth
保證，確保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
把某物分配給某人allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
可進入／接近的be accessible,be easy t enter/reach/use
使能做某事enable sb t d, make sb able t d
寧做A不做B d A rather than (ding) B, d A instead f (ding) B
出國g abrad, g t a freign cuntry
控告accuse sb f sth, charge sb with sth
成功做某事manage t d sth, succeed in ding sth
突然笑/哭起來burst int laughter/tears, burst ut laughing/crying
不理，忽視ignre, verlk, pay n attentin t
挨餓，餓死starve, g hungry, die frm hunger
充當；起······的作用act as, serve as
榜樣mdel, example
怒視glare at, lk at sth angrily
平靜的calm, nt excited
抽象的abstract, nt specific
積極的active, nt passive
殘酷地cruelly, withut mercy, mercilessly
復雜的cmplicated, nt simple, cmplex
人造的artificial, man-made
故意地deliberately, n purpse, purpsely
再一次again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
獨自地alne, by neself
有危險in danger, at risk
占...比例accunt fr, make up
青少年adlescent, teenager
同義替換Unit5
看醫(yī)生g t see/cnsult a dctr
更喜歡prefer sth, like sth better
使生氣anny sb, make sb angry
報道此事cver/reprt the event
很多a lt (f), a great deal (f)
影響交通hld up/blck traffic
澄清，闡明clarify, make sth clear
可得到的be available, be easily gt
吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal t sb, catch sb’s eye/attentin
無論如何anyhw, in any way
在·······后面behind, at the back f
無論什么whatever, n matter what
使某人高興cheer sb up, make sb happy
雇用某人emply/hire sb,take sb n
受歡迎的be ppular with,be well received (by...)
得出結論cnclude, draw a cnclusin
弄明白figure ut, find ut
試驗try ut, test
反對be against, ppse, bject t, disagree with, disapprve f
認為think/believe that, hld the view that, argue/claim that
做報告give a presentatin/talk/speech
輟學，退學drp ut f/leave schl
優(yōu)于，勝過have the advantage ver, have the edge ver, be better than
對某人生氣get angry with sb, get crss with sb, be annyed with sb
有機會使用／做have access t sth, have the chance f ding sth
對·····全然不知be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
告訴某人某事tell sb sth, infrm sb f sth, keep sb infrmed f sth
致力于apply/bend/cmmit/devte neself t, be bent/cmmitted/devted t
旨在做aim/be aimed at ding, be designed/intended t d, be meant t d sth
一...就... n ding; immediately, directly, instantly; the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant; as sn as,n sner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when
老年人ld peple, the ld, senir citizens, the aged, the elderly
聰明的clever,bright,wise,smart
同義替換Unit6
1. particular = special = specific = unique 特別的，獨有的
2. absrb = take in 吸收
3. settle n = make chice f = decide n 選定
4. advantage = edge = upper hand 優(yōu)勢
5. accmpany = keep sb cmpany = g with 陪伴，伴隨
6. view = belief = pinin = insight 觀點
7. charge = fee = fare 費用
8. invlve ... with = assciate ... with = link ... t = relate ... t 與…有關聯(lián)
9. release = issue = launch = cnvey = deliver 發(fā)行，發(fā)表
10. difficult = demanding = hard = tugh 困難的
11. task = jb = wrk = labur 任務，工作
12. instantly = rapidly = immediately 立即地
13. react = respnd 反應
14. subjective views = persnal/individual views (pinins) 主觀觀點
15. understand = see = fllw = grasp = cmprehend = take in = figure ut 理解，想出
16. assessment = evaluatin = estimate = judgment評估，估計
17. appear = surface = cme t light 出現(xiàn)
18. remain = keep = stay = maintain 保持
19. develpment = evlutin = grwth = prgress 發(fā)展
20. fster = raise = bring up 培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育
21. vertake = catch up = sweep ver 趕上，壓倒
22. initial = riginal = premier 最初的，開始的
23. whereas = hwever = while = nevertheless = but = yet 然而，但是
24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 減少，減小
25. pstpne = put ff = delay 延期，推遲
26. crucial = imprtant = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至關重要的
27. attempt = effrt 嘗試，努力
28. encurage = prmte = fuel = further 激發(fā)，促進
同義替換Unit7
1.“看”：lk; see; watch; bserve; ntice; catch sight f; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV
2.“說”：telll sth t sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb abut sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth t sb; infrm sb f sth; reasn /talk/persuade sb int ding sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mentin; admit; deny; describe; annunce; intrduce; cmplain
3.“叫”：cry; call; shut; scream; man; sigh; quarrel
4.“問”：ask; interview; express; questin
5.“答”：answer; respnd; reply
6.“聽”：listen t; hear; pick up; verhear
7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst int laughter; burst ut laughing
8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sb; burst int tears /burst ut crying
9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; tast; taste; treat sb t; help neself t
10. “穿”：put n; wear; have n; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take ff ; remve
11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; cme/g; enter; mve; drive; ride; fly; crawl
12.“坐”：sit dwn; be seated; seat neself; take a seat，stand; lean
13.“睡/休息”：lie /n ne’s back/n ne's side/ n ne’s stmach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn ver; rest
14.“寫”：dictate; write sth; describe; drp a line; draw; take dwn/write dwn
15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hld; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
16.“抓”：take hld f; seize; grasp; scratch
17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blw; attack
18.“扔”：thrw; drp; fall; wave; shake
19.“送”：send; deliver; give; ffer; see ff
20.“摸/抱”：uch; fld; embrace; hug; hld; in ne’s arms
21.“踢/碰”：kick; knck; tip
22.“找/查”：find; lk fr; find ut; discver/explre; hunt fr; search fr;seek,seek fr in search f; search sb; search sp. fr sth; check; examine; test; inspect
23.“得”：get; btain; acquire; gain; pssess
24.“失”：lse; be lst /be missing/gne; great lss
25.“有”：have; wn; cnquer; ccupy；pssess
26.“無”：nthing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gne
27.“增/減”：rise / g up,drp; raise; bring dwn /reduce; increase/decrease
28.“買/賣”：buy; purchase; affrd; pay; pay ff ; pay fr; sell; n sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/ntes/cins; discunts
29.“存在/消失”：cme int being; exist; appear; survive ; live; shw; turn up; disappear; die; die ut; pass away; be ut f sight
30.“變化”：develp; imprve ; becme; grw; g+ bad /wrng/ sur;turn + clur; change /change int; refrm
31.“成功/失敗”：make it; succeed; make prgress; cme true; realize ne’s dream; win; lse; fail t d; defeat; suffer lss; beat; turn sth. int reality
32.“努力”：try /manage; make effrts; attempt ; d ne's best; d as much as ne can t d
33.祝賀：cngratulate sb. n sth.; celebrate; bserve; get tgether
34.敬佩：admire; respect; shw respect fr/t; adre; envy ;be jealusy
35.贊美/批評：praise; think highly f; blame sb fr sth; sb is t blame; criticize /scld sb. fr sth.; have a lw pinin f sb; speak ill f
36. 喜/惡：like; lve; be fnd f ; be keen n; be crazy abut; adre; be int; prefer; enjy; dislike hate; ignre
37.到達：arrive at; reach; return t; get t; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave fr
38.受傷：hurt ; injure; wund; cut; kill; drwn; bleed; get burnt; suffer frm; suffer a lss
39.損壞：damage; destry; ruin; break dwn; crash; be brken
40.修復： repair; rebuild; restre; fix; recver neself
41.“認識的過程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppse; wnder; dubt; knw /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply t
42.認為;判斷：think; believe; cnsider; find; feel; cnclude; infer; dubt
43.想/考慮：think f…as...; think abut; cnsider; think ver
44.支持/反對：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn dwn; be against; elect; vte fr/ against
45.花費：sth/ding sth+cst; sb+spend+ (in) ding sth; sb+affrd +n/t d sth ; It +takes/tk sme time/ mney/energy t d sth; sb pay sme mney fr sth.
46.省/存錢：save /save up; set aside; put away
47.參加：take part in; jin /jin in; attend; cmpete in/ fr/against
48.控告：accuse sb. f; charge sb. with
49.救治/幫助： help /help ut; save /rescue sb frm sth.; treat; cure sb. f sth; aid sb in ding sth / t d sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in ding sth
50.逃避：run away; escape frm; flee; hide
51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stp sb. frm ding sth; frbid ding sth.; ban; prhibit
52.對付/處理：handle / d with / deal with /tackle /vercme sth ; slve; settle
53.效仿：cpy; imitate; learn frm; learn
54.爆發(fā)/發(fā)生：cme abut; happen t; take place; break ut; burst ut; g ff; explde
55.安裝/裝備：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
57.建議：advise; suggest; recmmend; prpse; urge; demand; persuade
58. 打算：plan / intend / design t d; be ging t d /be abut t d /will d
59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; lk like;as if /as thugh
60.開辦/關閉：pen; start; set up; clse/clse up; end; clse dwn
Part 3 最新高考真題演練
2023新課標全國Ⅰ卷
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It f ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進行自行車租賃和雇傭導游的操作方式，價格等細節(jié)。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點開始)”可知，導游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
5. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
6. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
7. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Jhn Tdd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大學學習了農業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他對結果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培養(yǎng)) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (獨處) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點，倡導簡單的數字生活方式。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (這本書的目標是為數字極簡主義辯護，包括詳細探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學)”可知，這本書的目的是倡導簡單的數字生活方式。故選B。
【9題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (這個過程要求你在30天內遠離可選的在線活動。在30天結束的時候，你再加上一些你認為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導您進行自己的數字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進行的一項實驗，在該實驗中，1600多人同意進行數字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實驗與數字清理的實際例子。故選C。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以將這些實踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據需要與實際情況使用第二部分中提及的實踐。故選A。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (轉折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應。實驗表明，在某些情況下大量獨立估計的平均值可能是相當準確的。
【12題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據第二段內容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (這種效應利用了這樣一個事實，即當人們犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時，它們會相互抵消，從而產生更準確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯誤變得相關或依賴，估計的準確性就會下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會產生更準確的估計，討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產生更準確的預測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. (從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. (這項研究的關鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當人群被進一步劃分為允許進行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。例如，從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準確)”可知，人們在沒有獨立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準確的，說明即使在估計數字并非完全獨立的情況下，準確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一項針對100名大學生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對自己的估計最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實際做了什么。結合兩個問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點是小組內的討論過程。故選C。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (盡管Navajas領導的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認為雖然Navajas領導的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。
2022年6月新高考2卷
A
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (發(fā)票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees. B. Use the Museum’s transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three. D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer. B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits. D. Explring the place alne.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文，文章提供了關于兒童博物館團體游的相關信息。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據Schlarship標題下“We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required. (我們會視情況而定，為低收入學校和青年組織提供獎學金，并需要其參與訪問后調查問卷)”可知，如果一個團體獲得了獎學金，需要在參加一個訪后的調查問卷，與選項C“Take a survey after the visit. (接受參觀后的問卷調查)”屬于同義替換，故選C。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據“Grup Size”標題下“We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護人) per ten children. (我們要求每十個孩子有一個監(jiān)護人)”可知，10個孩子需要1個監(jiān)護人，那么30個孩子則需要3個監(jiān)護人。故選C。
3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據“Guidelines”標題下“Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum. (無人陪伴的兒童不得進入博物館的所有區(qū)域)”可知，兒童必須在監(jiān)護人陪伴下才能進入博物館，即兒童不能單獨進入博物館進行探索。與選項D“Explring the place alne. (獨自探索博物館)”屬于同義替換，故選D。
B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
5. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer. B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted t read it by himself.
6. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally cmpetent.
7. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb. B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department. D. He ften interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳書。
【4題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal. ”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. ”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that. (事實上，他對書本并不熟悉。他的父親經常用一臺裝有彩色圖片的平板電腦逗他開心，當你戳它們的時候，這些圖片就會變得栩栩如生。他認為我的故事書就是那樣的)”可知，那孩子戳故事書是因為他把它當成了平板電腦。故選A。
【6題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但從數字角度來說，我還沒有毫無希望的挑戰(zhàn)。我編輯視頻，制作音頻。我用移動支付。我甚至建立了網站)”可知，作者認為自己懂數碼技術。故選D。
【7題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. (然而，在我的新媒體體驗中有一個明顯的差距：我很少在鏡頭前呆著，因為我的臉是為電臺而生的)”可知，作者作為記者他很少上電視。故選B。
C
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【導語】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機在開車時使用手機造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. ”（在過去的七年里，大多數州都禁止司機發(fā)短信，公共服務活動也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. ”（然而，無論以何種標準衡量，這個問題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數州使用了各種各樣的方法說服司機們在開車的時候放下手機，可是情況卻越來越糟糕。所以各種方法是無效的。A選項ineffective意為“無效的”，與此相符。故選A。
【9題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. ”（這項技術可以確定司機是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機是否使用了手機發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B 選項意為“是否司機使用了手機?！迸c此相符，故選B。
10題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir. ”（我們需要一些能改變人們行為的東西，）可知，smething是能夠改變人們的行為的事情。根據下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. ”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數州已經嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre. ”（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術，來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。最后一段講述的是：相關人士呼吁該項技術能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變人們的行為。故B選項Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標題。故選B。
D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise. ” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising. B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit. D. The aging prcess f the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type. D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。
【12題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第二段““Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. (“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會變得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克薩斯大學的心臟專家本·萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。)”可知，萊文想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選D。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. (第一組每周參加三次非有氧運動——平衡訓練和重量訓練。第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。)”可知，兩組在研究設計上的不同在于運動類型的不同，故選C。
【14題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health. (第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有了顯著改善。)”和第四段的““We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. (萊文說:“我們把這些50歲的心臟的時鐘撥回30或35歲的心臟?！?”可知，萊文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過有氧運動，中年人的心臟會變得更年輕，故選A。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference. (但這項研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復進行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會產生最大的影響。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建議進行進一步的研究。故選C。
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