
第13講 介詞和介詞短語 (模擬精練+真題演練) 單項(xiàng)選擇 1.(2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Oh, it’s you, Ella! Your voice sounds quite different ________ the phone. What’s happening? A.from B.in C.on D.by 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:哦,是你,埃拉!你的聲音在電話里聽起來很不一樣。發(fā)生了什么事? 考查介詞辨析。from從、來自;in在……里;on在……上;by通過、憑借。根據(jù)“Your voice sounds quite different ... the phone.”可知,你的聲音在電話里聽起來很不一樣。on the phone“在電話里”,固定搭配。故選C。 2.(2023·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測(cè))—Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —Neither. I prefer water ________ sugar in it. A.to B.with C.than 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:——茶和咖啡,你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?——都不喜歡。我喜歡加糖的水。 考查介詞辨析。to到;with具有;than比。根據(jù)“I prefer water...sugar in it.”可知,喜歡帶有糖的水,故選B。 3.(2023·吉林四平·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))—It’s impossible to learn physics well ________ knowledge of math. —I couldn’t agree more! So we should also learn math well. A.a(chǎn)gainst B.beyond C.without 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:——沒有數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)就不可能學(xué)好物理?!彝耆猓∷晕覀円矐?yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。 考查介詞辨析。against靠;beyond超過;without沒有。根據(jù)“It’s impossible to learn physics well...knowledge of math”可知沒有數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),不可能學(xué)好物理,用介詞without。故選C。 4.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Ben was helping his mother with the housework when the rain began to beat heavily ________ the windows. A.a(chǎn)cross B.a(chǎn)gainst C.a(chǎn)bove 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:Ben正在幫媽媽做家務(wù),這時(shí)雨開始重重地打在窗戶上。 考查介詞辨析。across穿過;against依,碰;above在上方。根據(jù)“beat heavily...the windows”可知是重重地敲打窗戶,用介詞against。故選B。 5.(2023·安徽蕪湖·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))________ July this year, the 31st World University Games will start in Chengdu. A.At B.On C.In D.By 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:今年七月,第31屆世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在成都舉行。 考查介詞辨析。at在某個(gè)時(shí)刻;on在某一天,具體時(shí)間;in在某年某月;by到……為止?!癑uly”意為“七月”,月份前用in。故選C。 6.(2023·福建廈門·廈門雙十中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))To my great joy, my family is always ________ me whatever I decide to do. A.behind B.to C.a(chǎn)gainst 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:令我非常高興的是,無論我決定做什么,我的家人總是支持我。 考查介詞辨析。behind在……的后面;to到;against反對(duì)。根據(jù)“my family is always… me whatever I decide to do.”可知,我的家人總是支持我。意思是說總是在我身后,所以用behind。故選A。 7.(2023·福建漳州·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Cathy always makes good use of her time to study, even _________ her lunch time. A.through B.during C.between 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:凱西總是充分利用時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí),甚至在她的午餐期間。 考查介詞。through通過;during在……期間;between在兩者之間。根據(jù)后面賓語“her lunch time”可知,此處表示吃午飯期間也學(xué)習(xí),用介詞during,故選B。 8.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州銅盤中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))— How do you relax in your free time? — ________ doing sports and watching movies. A.By B.At C.On 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:——你在空閑時(shí)間是如何放松的?——通過運(yùn)動(dòng)和看電影。 考查介詞辨析。by通過;at在;on在上面。根據(jù)“How do you relax in your free time”可知是通過運(yùn)動(dòng)和看電影來放松,用介詞by。故選A。 9.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶八中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))________ June 1st, kids ________ 14 usually dress up to celebrate Children’s Day. A.In;over B.In;under C.On;over D.On;under 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:6月1日,14歲以下的孩子們通常會(huì)盛裝打扮來慶祝兒童節(jié)。 考查介詞辨析。in用于指某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間(年、月、季節(jié));on用于指具體某一天,如星期幾,節(jié)日以及具體某一天的早中晚;over大于;under低于。第一空后為“June 1st”,指具體的某一天應(yīng)用介詞on,A、B選項(xiàng)可排除。根據(jù)語境可知,此處指的是慶祝兒童節(jié),通常14歲以下的孩子會(huì)慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日,故第二空應(yīng)用介詞under。故選D。 10.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶八中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))I watched the film The River Runs Red with my parents ________ the afternoon of January 24th. A.to B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.on 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:1月24日下午,我和父母一起看了電影《滿江紅》。 考查介詞辨析。to到;in后可接年、月、季節(jié);at后可接具體時(shí)刻;on后接具體一天或某一天的上/下午。題干中的“the afternoon of January 24th”具體到了1月24日的下午,所以用on。故選D。 11.(2023·四川涼山·模擬預(yù)測(cè))—It is known to us all that Taiwan is an important part of China. —Yes, it lies ________ the southeast of China. A.on B.to C.in D.a(chǎn)t 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:——眾所周知,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的重要組成部分?!堑?,它位于中國(guó)的東南部。 考查介詞辨析。on表示接壤;to表示隔海相望;in在……范圍內(nèi);at在。臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土的一部分,在范圍內(nèi),用in,故選C。 12.(2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))After work, we can relax ourselves ________ eating watermelons and we can cut watermelons ________ knives. A.by; by B.with; by C.with; with D.by; with 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:下班后,我們可以通過吃西瓜放松自己,我們可以用刀切西瓜。 考查介詞辨析。by通過;with和、用。根據(jù)“we can relax ourselves…eating watermelons”可知第一空填“通過”符合語境,指的是通過吃西瓜放松自己;根據(jù)“we can cut watermelons…knives”可知第二空填“用”符合語境,指的是用刀切西瓜。故選D。 13.(2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))She said she couldn’t have won the Best Actress ___________ her family’s support. A.on B.without C.from D.through 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:她說,如果沒有家人的支持,她不可能獲得最佳女主角獎(jiǎng)。 考查介詞辨析。on在……上;without沒有;from來自;through穿過。根據(jù)“She said she couldn’t have won the Best Actress...her family’s support.”可知,沒有她家人的支持,她不可能獲得最佳女主角獎(jiǎng),介詞without“沒有”符合語境。故選B。 14.(2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Carol said he couldn’t have won the Best Actor ________ his wife’s support. A.on B.from C.through D.without 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:卡羅爾說,如果沒有妻子的支持,他不可能獲得最佳男主角獎(jiǎng)。 考查介詞辨析。on在……上;from從……開始;through通過;without沒有。根據(jù)“Carol said he couldn’t have won the Best Actor”可知,此處是“如果沒有妻子的支持”。故選D。 15.(2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))_______ her family’s support, she couldn’t have won the Best Actress. A.From B.Without C.Through D.On 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:如果沒有家人的支持,她不可能獲得最佳女主角。 考查介詞辨析。from從;without沒有;through通過;on關(guān)于。根據(jù)“... her family’s support, she couldn’t have won the Best Actress.”可推出此處表示沒有家人的支持成不了最佳女主角。故選B。 16.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶一中校考三模)With the sunshine shining ________ the window, everything in the room looks so bright. A.a(chǎn)gainst B.through C.a(chǎn)cross D.between 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:陽(yáng)光透過窗戶照進(jìn)來,房間里的一切看起來都很明亮。 考查介詞辨析。against靠;through通過;across通過;between在……之間。根據(jù)“With the sunshine shining...the window”可知陽(yáng)光透過窗戶,從內(nèi)部通過用through。故選B。 17.(2023·新疆烏魯木齊·烏市一中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))According to the news, giant panda Yaya will return home ________ April 7, 2023. A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.for 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:消息稱,大熊貓丫丫將于2023年4月7日回國(guó)。 考查時(shí)間介詞。on用在具體的某一天(星期幾、幾月幾日)或某一天的上午、下午或晚上名詞前;in用在表示周、月、年、季節(jié)等表示一段時(shí)間的名詞前;at 在具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)前;for用時(shí)間段前,表示做某事做了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)空格后“April 7, 2023”可知,用介詞on。故選A。 18.(2023·河北石家莊·校聯(lián)考一模)—How do you make yourself relaxed before you give a speech? —________ taking a deep breath. A.With B.On C.By D.For 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:——演講前你如何讓自己放松?——通過深呼吸。 考查介詞詞義辨析。With和;On在……上面;By通過;For為了,給。根據(jù)問句可知,是在問演講前讓自己放松的方式。而by doing sth.意為“通過做某事”,和題意相符。故選C。 19.(2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考二模)All of us went to the zoo ________ Tom. Because he had to look after his little brother at home. A.except B.besides C.with 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:除了湯姆,我們所有人都去了動(dòng)物園。因?yàn)樗仨氃诩艺疹櫵牡艿堋?考查介詞辨析。except除……之外(不包括在內(nèi));besides除……之外(包括在內(nèi));with和。根據(jù)“Because he had to look after his little brother at home.”可知因?yàn)樗疹櫟艿?,所以除了他之外其他人都去了?dòng)物園,故此處用介詞except表示“除……之外(不包括)”。故選A。 20.(2023·河北秦皇島·統(tǒng)考三模)—Could you tell me when the play starts today? —It starts _________ 8:00 p.m. A.on B.in C.by D.a(chǎn)t 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我這出戲今天什么時(shí)候開始嗎?——晚上8點(diǎn)開始。 考查介詞辨析。on用于星期、具體日期以及具體某一天的早午晚前;in用于世紀(jì)、朝代、年月、季節(jié)前;by通過;at用于時(shí)刻、重大節(jié)日和固定搭配上。根據(jù)“It starts ... 8:00 p.m.”可知,空后是具體的時(shí)刻,此處應(yīng)該用介詞at。故選D。 21.(2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·模擬預(yù)測(cè))Giant panda Ya Ya which was sent to America as a symbol of peace returned to China ________ the evening on April 27th, 2023. A.a(chǎn)t B.in C.on 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:作為和平象征被送往美國(guó)的大熊貓丫丫于2023年4月27日晚返回中國(guó)。 考查介詞辨析。at在某時(shí)刻;in在某年某月某季節(jié),或者在早中晚;on在具體某一天。根據(jù)“the evening on April 27th”可知此處指“在晚上”,用結(jié)構(gòu)in the evening;on表示具體某一天的晚上用結(jié)構(gòu)on the morning of...。故選B。 22.(2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模)The Tomb-Sweeping Day, a traditional Chinese festival, usually falls ________ April 5. A.on B.a(chǎn)t C.in D.by 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:清明節(jié)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,通常在4月5日。 考查介詞辨析。on后接具體到某一天的時(shí)間或具體某一天的早晨、下午和晚上;at后接鐘點(diǎn)或中午、夜間;in后加沒有具體到某一天的時(shí)間(世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月)或者早晨、下午和晚上;by到……之前。根據(jù)“April 5”可知,此處指的是具體的某一天,因此應(yīng)用介詞on。 故選A。 23.(2023·河北衡水·統(tǒng)考二模)The 19th Asian Games will take place ________ September 23rd in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. A.in B.a(chǎn)t C.for D.on 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:第19屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)將于9月23日在浙江杭州舉行。 考查介詞辨析。in其后加早中晚,月份,季節(jié),年份等;at其后加時(shí)間點(diǎn);for其后加一段時(shí)間;on其后加星期或具體的時(shí)間?!癝eptember 23rd”是具體的時(shí)間,用介詞on,故選D。 24.(2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模)People usually admire the moon ________ the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival. A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.to 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:人們通常在中秋節(jié)的晚上賞月。 考查介詞辨析。on在具體某一天或某一天的早中晚;in在某年某月某季節(jié);at在某時(shí)刻;to到。根據(jù)“the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival”可知是在中秋節(jié)的晚上,用介詞on。故選A。 25.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶八中??既#㏕ian Zhou 6 spaceship was successfully sent up into space ________ 21:22 pm, on May 10th. A.in B.during C.for D.a(chǎn)t 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:5月10日晚21時(shí)22分,天舟六號(hào)宇宙飛船成功升空。 考查介詞辨析。in后接年、月、季節(jié)等;during在……期間;for后加一段時(shí)間;at后接具體時(shí)刻。此處指天舟六號(hào)在5月10日晚21時(shí)22分升空,21:22 pm表具體時(shí)刻,其前應(yīng)加介詞at。故選D。 26.(2023·海南省直轄縣級(jí)單位·統(tǒng)考一模)Mary is flying to France. She will arrive ________ Paris ________ the morning of April 28. A.to; on B.in; on C.a(chǎn)t; in 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:瑪麗很快就要飛往法國(guó)了。她將在4月28日上午到達(dá)巴黎。 考查介詞辨析。arrive at+小地點(diǎn),到達(dá)某處;arrive in +大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家、城市),到達(dá)某處。 Paris表大地點(diǎn),應(yīng)用arrive in。表示具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上,要用介詞on;表示泛指的上午、下午、晚上用介詞in。 the morning of April 28指具體一天的上午,應(yīng)用on。故選B。 27.(2023·遼寧鐵嶺·校聯(lián)考一模)Mingming is taller than me and he sits ________ me in the classroom. A.a(chǎn)mong B.from C.between D.behind 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:明明比我高,他在教室里坐在我后面。 考查介詞。among在……中間(三者或三者以上);from來自;between在……中間(兩者);behind在……后面。根據(jù)“Mingming is taller than me”可知,他坐在“我”后面,故選D。 28.(2023·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模)Giant panda Ya Ya arrived ________ Shanghai Pudong International Airport ________ April 27th, 2023 from Memphis, Tennessee. A.in; in B.on; at C.a(chǎn)t; on D.in; on 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:大熊貓丫丫于2023年4月27日從田納西州孟菲斯市抵達(dá)上海浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)。 考查介詞辨析。arrive in到達(dá),后接大地點(diǎn);arrive at到達(dá),后接小地點(diǎn)。上海浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)是小地點(diǎn),其前應(yīng)用at。in后接年、月、季節(jié)等;at后接具體時(shí)刻;on后接具體某一天。April 27th, 2023指具體的一天,其前應(yīng)加on。故選C。 29.(2023·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))— Last week, all my classmates went to the science museum ________ me. I was in hospital. — What a pity! A.besides B.except C.including 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:——上周,除了我,我所有的同學(xué)都去了科學(xué)博物館。我住院了。——多么遺憾! 考查介詞辨析。besides除了……之外(還);except除了……之外,不包括;including包括。根據(jù)“all my classmates went to the science museum…me”及“I was in hospital”可知,我住院了,所以除了我之外,所有的同學(xué)都去了科學(xué)博物館,故選B。 30.(2022·甘肅酒泉·??寄M預(yù)測(cè))—Do you know any other foreign languages ________ English? —Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French. A.besides B.except C.except for D.beside 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:——除了英語,你還會(huì)其他外語嗎?——是的,我還擅長(zhǎng)日語和法語。 考查介詞。besides除……之外還有,包括除了的對(duì)象在內(nèi);except除了,不包括除了的對(duì)象;except for除了,除了整體中的一部分,常用于對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行說明;beside在……旁邊。根據(jù)下文答語“Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.”可知,是包括英語在內(nèi),問是否知道其他的外語,因此用besides。故選A。 二、語法選擇 (2023·廣東廣州·華南師大附中??既#㊣ have been afraid of water in my whole life. At the age of 34, I didn’t have 31 memory of ever enjoying water. Even walking around the edge of 32 pool was uncomfortable for me. 33 I hid my fear in order to save face, and few people knew 34 . I 35 not forget the last summer 36 I spent with my sister Lori learning swimming. After taking baby steps for many days, I 37 by her down the gentle slope into the pool. She was encouraging me 38 a step deeper, and then another. I had gone 39 several swimming lessons. Every time, when the water 40 my chest, Lori would quickly realize that I was almost to my limit. I breathed a sigh of relief and turned to walk back out the shallow end. “Let’s try going this way.” Lori said. I was shocked as I understood what she meant. She wanted me to walk along the edge of the pool to the opposite end. I saw the blue-painted block numbers. Five and a half feet? No way! “Just try it!” Lori pressed. As the water 41 increased. I moved more and more slowly. As we neared the 42 mark, my progress was 43 difficult that I tried to move forward. I did it! I stood on the floor of the far end of the pool, enjoying cheers and applause from fellow swimmers. Sometimes, 44 deal of all is to walk into something you are afraid of and come out a winner at the end, no matter 45 long it takes to get there. 31.A.some B.every C.a(chǎn)ny D.no 32.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./ 33.A.Though B.But C.Unless D.If 34.A.them B.its C.these D.it 35.A.can B.must C.should D.may 36.A.when B.who C.that D.where 37.A.a(chǎn)m led B.lead C.led D.was led 38.A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take 39.A.for B.a(chǎn)way C.through D.by 40.A.reaches B.reached C.has reached D.is reaching 41.A.depth B.deep C.deeply D.deepen 42.A.five foot B.five-feet C.five-foot D.five foot’s 43.A.too B.so C.very D.such 44.A.big B.bigger C.more bigger D.the biggest 45.A.how B.which C.what D.whether 【答案】 31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.D 39.C 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.A 【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了怕水的作者克服內(nèi)心的恐懼學(xué)習(xí)游泳的故事。 31.句意:34歲的時(shí)候,我沒有任何享受水的記憶。 some一些,用于肯定句;every每個(gè);any一些,用于否定句;no不。此處是否定句,表示沒有任何享受水的記憶,用any。故選C。 32.句意:甚至在水池邊散步都讓我感到不舒服。 a不定冠詞表泛指,后接以輔音音素開頭的單詞;an不定冠詞表泛指,后接以元音音素開頭的單詞;the定冠詞表特指;/零冠詞。此處泛指“一個(gè)水池”,pool以輔音音素開頭,其前用不定冠詞a。故選A。 33.句意:但為了面子,我隱瞞了自己的恐懼,很少有人知道。 Though盡管;But但是;Unless除非;If如果。前后句意出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,用But表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選B。 34.句意:但為了面子,我隱瞞了自己的恐懼,很少有人知道。 them他們;its它的;these這些;it它。此處用it指代自己怕水這件事。故選D。 35.句意:我不能忘記去年夏天和姐姐Lori一起學(xué)習(xí)游泳。 can能夠;must必須;should應(yīng)該;may可能。此處用can not forget表示“不能忘記”。故選A。 36.句意:我不能忘記去年夏天和姐姐Lori一起學(xué)習(xí)游泳。 when先行詞是時(shí)間,在從句中作狀語;who先行詞是人,在從句中作主語;that先行詞指人或物,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語;where先行詞是地點(diǎn),在從句中作狀語。此處先行詞the last summer,雖也表示時(shí)間,但在從句中作賓語,用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選C。 37.句意:在像嬰兒學(xué)步好幾天之后,我在她的帶領(lǐng)下走下了平緩的斜坡,進(jìn)入游泳池。 am led一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);lead原形;led過去式;was led一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)合“by her”可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài),結(jié)合“spent”可知用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。 38.句意:她鼓勵(lì)我再深入一步,然后又深入一步。 taking動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞;take動(dòng)詞原形;taken過去分詞;to take動(dòng)詞不定式。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。故選D。 39.句意:我經(jīng)歷了幾次游泳課程。 for為了;away離開;through通過;by通過。go through“經(jīng)歷”,此處指經(jīng)歷了幾次游泳課。故選C。 40.句意:每次當(dāng)水到達(dá)我的胸部,Lori都會(huì)很快意識(shí)到我?guī)缀踹_(dá)到了極限。 reaches三單;reached過去式;has reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);is reaching現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“would”、“breathed”等可知用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。 41.句意:隨著水的深度增加,我的移動(dòng)越來越慢。 depth深度,名詞;deep深的,形容詞;deeply深地,副詞;deepen加深,動(dòng)詞。此處用名詞作主語。故選A。 42.句意:當(dāng)我們接近五英尺的標(biāo)記時(shí),我的進(jìn)程很困難,我努力向前移動(dòng)。 five foot錯(cuò)誤搭配;five-feet錯(cuò)誤搭配;five-foot五英尺的;five foot’s錯(cuò)誤搭配。此處缺少定語,用five-foot作定語。故選C。 43.句意:當(dāng)我們接近五英尺的標(biāo)記時(shí),我的進(jìn)程很困難,我努力向前移動(dòng)。 too太;so如此;very非常;such如此的。根據(jù)“... difficult that I tried to move forward”可知空后是形容詞,此處用so ... that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故選B。 44.句意:有時(shí),最好的處理方式就是走進(jìn)你害怕的東西,成功地走出來,無論要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 big大的;bigger更大的;more bigger錯(cuò)誤搭配;the biggest最大的。根據(jù)“of all”可知此處用最高級(jí),其前加the。故選D。 45.句意:有時(shí),最好的處理方式就是走進(jìn)你害怕的東西,成功地走出來,無論要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 how如何;which哪個(gè);what什么;whether是否。how long“多久,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。故選A。 三、語法填空 (2023·湖北恩施·統(tǒng)考二模) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A primary school in rural China has become popular recently. It 46 (provide) free meals for its students. There 47 more than 1,000 teachers and students in Jingwai Mingde Primary School in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province. The school plants 48 (vegetable) and raises pigs and chickens itself. The produce is 49 (use) to feed the students. Each class has a piece of land 50 (plant) vegetables or raise animals. Students do farm work during the class twice a week 51 the help of the teachers. The school has 52 (set) up a greenhouse with fruit trees for students to learn about nature, instead of 53 (listen) to teachers in the classroom. There is also a zoo in the school. It keeps some animals to help students get along with animals. Do the students like the school? Sure, they really enjoy the 54 (color) school life. They can grow vegetables 55 their own, eat healthily and play with animals. 【答案】 46.provides 47.a(chǎn)re 48.vegetables 49.used 50.to plant 51.with 52.set 53.listening 54.colorful 55.on 【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)農(nóng)村的一所小學(xué)。 46.句意:它為學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)膳食。根據(jù)前句“A primary school in rural China has become popular recently.”可知本文時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),此處主語“It”為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故填provides。 47.句意:云南省宣威市京外明德小學(xué)現(xiàn)有師生1000余人。根據(jù)“There…more than 1,000 teachers and students”可知此處為there be句型,時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語“teachers and students”為復(fù)數(shù)。故填are。 48.句意:學(xué)校自己種菜、養(yǎng)豬和養(yǎng)雞。根據(jù)“raises pigs and chickens”可知此處指的是自己種菜,當(dāng)表達(dá)的意思是多種多樣的蔬菜時(shí),就可以用vegetables,即復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填vegetables。 49.句意:農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是用來養(yǎng)活學(xué)生的。根據(jù)“The produce is… to feed the students.”可知考查短語be used to do sth“被用來做某事”,故填used。 50.句意:每個(gè)班級(jí)都有一塊地用來種菜或飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“Each class has a piece of land…vegetables or raise animals.”可知此處表示目的,可填動(dòng)詞不定式來表目的,故填to plant。 51.句意:學(xué)生們?cè)诶蠋煹膸椭旅恐軆纱卧谡n堂上做農(nóng)活。with the help of…意為“在……的幫助下”,為固定用法,故填with。 52.句意:學(xué)校用果樹搭建了一個(gè)溫室,讓學(xué)生們了解自然,而不是在教室里聽老師講課。根據(jù)空前的“has”可知時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,set的過去分詞為set。故填set。 53.句意:學(xué)校用果樹搭建了一個(gè)溫室,讓學(xué)生們了解自然,而不是在教室里聽老師講課??涨坝薪樵~“of”,空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞,故填listening。 54.句意:當(dāng)然,他們真的很享受豐富多彩的學(xué)校生活。根據(jù)“Sure, they really enjoy the…school life.”可知,空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語修飾名詞“school life”,color的形容詞形式為colorful“豐富多彩的”,故填colorful。 55.句意:他們可以自己種菜,吃得健康,還可以和動(dòng)物玩耍。on one’s own“獨(dú)自地”,為固定用法,故填on。 一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1.(2023·青?!そy(tǒng)考中考真題)The four pandas in Chongqing Zoo were born on the same day _______ 2019. A.on B.a(chǎn)t C.in 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:重慶動(dòng)物園的四只大熊貓于2019年同一天出生。 考查時(shí)間介詞。on后接具體某一天等;at后接具體時(shí)刻等;in后接具體年月等。根據(jù)“2019”可知此處是在2019年,用介詞in。故選C。 2.(2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—________ my surprise, the restaurant is a actually very nice. —The service is also great. A.In B.At C.On D.To 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:——讓我驚訝的是,這家餐廳實(shí)際上非常好?!?wù)也很棒。 考查介詞辨析。in在里面;at在;on在上面;to到。to one’s surprise“令某人驚訝的是”,固定短語,故選D。 3.(2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Bees (蜜蜂) can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn’t have enough food. A.From B.Like C.Except D.Without 【答案】D 【詳解】句意:蜜蜂能幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。沒有蜜蜂,我們將沒有足夠的食物。 考查介詞辨析。From從;Like像;Except除了……之外;Without沒有。根據(jù)“Bees can help plants grow.”可知,沒有蜜蜂,植物生長(zhǎng)慢,我們將會(huì)沒有足夠的食物。故選D。 4.(2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題)No one helped me. I did it all ________ myself. A.for B.of C.by D.a(chǎn)bout 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:沒有人幫我。這一切都是我一個(gè)人做的。 考查介詞辨析。for為了;of……的;by通過;about關(guān)于。根據(jù)“No one helped me”可知,此處指“我”獨(dú)自做的,by oneself“某人自己,獨(dú)自”。故選C。 5.(2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Everything begins to grow ________ spring. It’s full of hope. A.in B.on C.a(chǎn)t D.for 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:萬物在春天開始生長(zhǎng)。它充滿了希望。 考查介詞辨析。in后加某年某月某季節(jié);on后加具體的某一天;at后加具體時(shí)刻;for后加時(shí)間段。根據(jù)“spring”可知此處是指季節(jié),應(yīng)用介詞in。故選A。 6.(2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題)________ the teacher’s help, I have made much progress. A.Thanks to B.As for C.Such as D.Up to 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:多虧了老師的幫助,我取得了很大的進(jìn)步。 考查短語辨析。Thanks to多虧了;As for至于;Such as例如;Up to多達(dá)。根據(jù)“the teacher’s help, I have made much progress”可知,多虧了老師的幫助才取得了進(jìn)步,故選A。 7.(2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題)About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2. A.a(chǎn)t B.on C.in D.to 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:4月2日,約1.2萬人參加了2023宿遷馬拉松比賽。 考查介詞辨析。at后接具體時(shí)刻;on后接具體一天;in后接年、月、季節(jié)等;to到。April 2指具體的一天,其前應(yīng)加介詞on。故選B。 8.(2023·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October. A.a(chǎn)t B.on C.in D.to 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:在十月份參觀北京是個(gè)好主意。 考查時(shí)間介詞。at后接具體時(shí)刻等;on后接具體某一天等;in后接年月等;to到。根據(jù)“October”可知此處表示在十月,用介詞in。故選C。 9.(2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The girl takes her dog for a walk ________ the river every evening. A.in B.a(chǎn)long C.over D.under 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:這個(gè)女孩每天晚上帶著她的狗沿著河邊散步。 考查介詞辨析。in在里面;along沿著;over在上面;under在下面。根據(jù)“The girl takes her dog for a walk...the river every evening.”可知,是沿著河邊散步,故選B。 10.(2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題)A new bridge was built ________ the Yellow River last year. A.a(chǎn)round B.a(chǎn)cross C.a(chǎn)gainst D.a(chǎn)long 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:去年在黃河上建了一座新橋。 考查介詞辨析。around圍繞;across橫穿;against反對(duì);along沿著。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知橋應(yīng)該是橫跨黃河,用across,故選B。 11.(2023·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Three Shenzhou XV heroes successfully came back to the Earth ________ June 4, 2023. A.a(chǎn)t B.on C.in D.until 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:2023年6月4日,三名神舟十五號(hào)英雄成功返回地球。 考查時(shí)間介詞的用法。at后接具體的時(shí)刻;on后接具體的一天;in后接某年某月某季節(jié);until直到?!癑une 4, 2023”是具體的一天,空處應(yīng)填on,故選B。 12.(2023·四川遂寧·中考真題)Look! The traffic light is green. We can go ________ the road now. A.a(chǎn)cross B.a(chǎn)bove C.below D.a(chǎn)gainst 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:看!交通燈是綠色的。我們現(xiàn)在可以過馬路了。 考查介詞辨析。across橫穿;above在……上方;below在……下方;against反對(duì)。根據(jù)“Look! The traffic light is green”可知是綠燈,所以可以橫穿馬路,go across“橫穿”,故選A。 13.(2023·遼寧營(yíng)口·中考真題)The newly-built teaching building provides the students ________ a comfortable learning environment. A.for B.to C.with D.in 【答案】C 【詳解】j句意:新建的教學(xué)樓為學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)舒適的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。 考查介詞辨析。for為了;to到;with和;in在……里。動(dòng)詞短語provide sb with sth表示“給某人提供某物”。故選C。 14.(2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The 20th National Congress of the CPC was convened (召開) __________ October 16th, 2022. A.on B.in C.by 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:黨的二十大在2022年10月16日召開。 考查介詞辨析。on用在具體某一天的前面;in后接不具體時(shí)間;by到……為止?!癘ctober 16th, 2022.”是具體到某一天的時(shí)間,其前用介詞on。故選A。 15.(2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)It is impolite to speak loudly ________. A.in danger B.in public C.in person 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:在公共場(chǎng)合大聲說話是不禮貌的。 考查介詞短語。in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中;in public在公共場(chǎng)合;in person親自。根據(jù)“It is impolite to speak loudly”可知在公共場(chǎng)合大聲說話是不禮貌的。故選B。 16.(2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)— Did Alan and Lily join the art club ________ June 20th, 2023? —Yes, I joined it, too. A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:——阿蘭和莉莉是在2023年6月20日加入美術(shù)俱樂部的嗎?——是的,我也加入了。 考查介詞辨析。on在具體某天;in在某年、月、季節(jié)等;at在某時(shí)刻。“June 20th, 2023”具體到6月20日這一天,時(shí)間介詞用on。故選A。 17.(2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Bills is ________ all the other runners. It seems that he will be the winner. A.next to B.far from C.a(chǎn)head of 【答案】C 【詳解】句意:比爾跑在所有賽跑者的前面??磥硭麜?huì)是贏家。 考查介詞短語辨析。next to在旁邊;far from遠(yuǎn)離;ahead of領(lǐng)先。根據(jù)“It seems that he will be the winner”可知,他跑在其他人的前面,所以會(huì)是贏家,故選C。 18.(2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題)China launched (發(fā)射) Shenzhou-16 manned space ship successfully ________ May 30, 2023. A.a(chǎn)t B.on C.in 【答案】B 【詳解】句意:2023年5月30日,中國(guó)成功發(fā)射神州十六號(hào)載人飛船。 考查介詞辨析。at在,后接具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn);on在,后接具體的某一天;in在,后接年、月等時(shí)間段。根據(jù)“May 30, 2023”可知2023年5月30日是具有的一天,應(yīng)用介詞on。故選B。 19.(2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The toy is ________ my little brother. I bought it yesterday. A.for B.from C.by 【答案】A 【詳解】句意:這個(gè)玩具是給我弟弟的。我昨天買的。 考查介詞辨析。for為了;from從;by被。根據(jù)“The toy is...my little brother. I bought it yesterday.”可知,玩具是給我弟弟的,故選A。 二、語法選擇 (2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題) It was a beautiful spring day in a forest in ancient China. High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 1 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly. Five of them were strong. They chirped loudly. But 2 last one that came out was not strong at all. This little one 3 Little Six. He was weak and quiet. He was not fast enough 4 the worms (蟲子) Mama Bird brought back. Little Six ate 5 food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that. Little Six didn’t have a strong body. 6 he had a strong will. He decided 7 he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍動(dòng)) his wings every day. Every morning, Little Six would rise 8 the sun even came up. When his brothers and sisters woke, Little Six had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he practiced 9 his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got the first worms Mama brought back home. All through the spring, Little Six woke up 10 than his brothers and sisters. Week after week, he worked harder than they did. He 11 eat big meals and did not go hungry any more. After a couple of months, all the baby birds had grown well. Mama Bird brought them together and 12 them to fly. 13 everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying! “Chirp! Chirp! 14 at me!” Little Six cried 15 while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up. 1.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 2.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./ 3.A.called B.was calling C.was called D.were called 4.A.get B.got C.getting D.to get 5.A.little B.few C.much D.many 6.A.a(chǎn)nd B.but C.because D.so 7.A.what B.why C.when D.that 8.A.before B.a(chǎn)fter C.until D.if 9.A.flap B.to flap C.flapping D.flapped 10.A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest 11.A.could B.might C.should D.must 12.A.teach B.teaches C.taught D.will teach 13.A.In B.To C.For D.At 14.A.Look B.Looks C.To look D.Looking 15.A.happy B.happier C.happiness D.happily 【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講一只小鳥出生就比其他鳥脆弱,后來經(jīng)過自己不斷的努力讓自己變得強(qiáng)壯,再也沒有挨餓并第一個(gè)學(xué)會(huì)飛翔的故事。 1.句意:在一棵高高的樹上,一只鳥媽媽正慈愛地看著她的六個(gè)鳥寶寶從鳥蛋里孵出來。 she她;her她的,形容詞性物主代詞;hers她的,名詞性物主代詞;herself她自己??仗幮揎棥皊ix baby birds”應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞,故選B。 2.句意:但是最后一只鳥出來了,并沒有那么強(qiáng)壯。 a/an是不定冠詞,表示泛指。a用在輔音音素前;an用在元音音素前。the是定冠詞,表示特指。此處特指最后一只鳥,用the。故選C。 3.句意:這只小鳥被叫做小六。 called稱呼,過去式;was calling正在叫;was called被叫做,主語是第一人稱或單數(shù);were called被叫做,主語是第二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)。此處“This little one”與“call”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是單數(shù)。故選C。 4.句意:他沒有那么快的去拿到鳥媽媽帶回來的蟲子。 get得到,動(dòng)詞原形;got過去式;getting現(xiàn)在分詞;to get不定式。enough+to do“足夠……去做某事”。故選D。 5.句意:小六幾乎沒有吃到了一點(diǎn)食物,所以他總是很餓。 little很少,修飾不可數(shù)名詞;few很少,修飾可數(shù)名詞;much很多,修飾不可數(shù)名詞;many很多,修飾可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)“so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.”可知很餓應(yīng)是沒有吃到食物,修飾food,應(yīng)用little。故選A。 6.句意:小六沒有一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的身體,但是他有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的意志。 and并且;but但是;because因?yàn)?;so因此。根據(jù)“Little Six didn’t have a strong body....he had a strong will.”可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選B。 7.句意:他決心變得更強(qiáng)壯。 what什么;why為什么;when什么時(shí)候;that那,或作引導(dǎo)詞無實(shí)意。根據(jù)“He decided...he would get stronger.”可知此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句是陳述句用that引導(dǎo)。故選D。 8.句意:每天早上小六趕在太陽(yáng)升起之前起來。 before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到;if如果。根據(jù)“...the sun even came up.”可知是在太陽(yáng)升起之前起來。故選A。 9.句意:每天早上,日復(fù)一日,他練習(xí)拍打他的翅膀,并且它們變得越來越強(qiáng)壯了。 flap拍打,動(dòng)詞原形;to flap不定式;flapping現(xiàn)在分詞;flapped過去式或過去分詞。practiced doing sth“練習(xí)做某事”。故選C。 10.句意:整個(gè)春天,小六比其他的哥哥姐姐們醒來的更早。 early早,副詞原形;earlier比較級(jí);earliest最高級(jí);the earliest最高級(jí)。根據(jù)“than his brothers and sisters.”可知是比較級(jí),故選B。 11.句意:他能夠吃掉大餐,再也沒有挨餓了。 could能夠;might可能;should應(yīng)該;must必須。根據(jù)“...eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.”可知是能吃掉大餐。故選A。 12.句意:鳥媽媽把他們放到一起,并教他們飛翔。 teach教;teaches三單形式;taught過去式;will teach一般將來時(shí)。根據(jù)“brought”可知時(shí)態(tài)是過去式。故選C。 13.句意:令每只鳥都吃驚的是,小六是第一個(gè)開始飛的。 In在……里面;To到;For為了;At在。to one’s surprise“令某人吃驚的是”。故選B。 14.句意:“吱吱!吱吱!看我” 小六開心地叫道。 Look看,動(dòng)詞原形;Looks三單形式;To look不定式;Looking現(xiàn)在分詞。此處是祈使句,以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故選A。 15.句意:小六開心地叫道,而他的哥哥姐姐們還仍然在努力的嘗試著來飛翔。 happy開心的,形容詞原級(jí);happier更開心的,比較級(jí);happiness名詞;happily開心地,副詞。空處修飾cried用副詞形式,故選D。
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