
1.掌握賓語從句的概說和分類2.弄清賓語從句的引導詞3.掌握賓語從句的時態(tài)問題4.掌握賓語從句的語序5.會運用賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移和特殊用法
知識點一:賓語從句的概說和分類
1.定義:在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句是賓語從句。 I think everybdy likes ckies.2. 分類:動詞賓語從句 I think everybdy likes ckies. 介詞賓語從句 I agree with what yu said just nw. 形容詞賓語從句 I’m afraid I can’t affrd it. (sure, glad, srry, happy, afraid)3.結(jié)構(gòu):主句+引導詞+從句(陳述句語序:主+謂+其他)
根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類: (1) 從句是陳述句:引導詞用that 無詞義,可省略 結(jié)構(gòu):主句+that+主語+謂語+其他. He is a teacher. I knw that he is a teacher. He desn’t like English. I think that he desn’t like English.
(2) 從句為一般疑問句:引導詞用if/whether (是否),不可省略。 結(jié)構(gòu):主句+if/whether+主語+謂語+其他. Is he a student? D yu knw_____________________________? Des Danny like English? I want t knw ___________________________. Can yu fly? I wnder ________________________________.
if/whether he is a student
if/whether Danny likes English
if/whether yu can fly
(3)由連接代詞wh, whm, whse, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, hw引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。D yu knw wh (whm) they are waiting fr?He asked whse handwriting was the best.Can yu tell me where the N.3 bus stp is?I dn’t knw why the train is late.
知識點二:賓語從句的引導詞
1.從句是陳述句:2.從句有是否的意思:3.從句是特殊疑問句:
whether, if
什么:誰:誰的:哪一個:
在從句里充當:主語,賓語,表語,狀語
時間:地點:原因:怎樣:
that引導的賓語從句 1. 當賓語從句是陳述句時(包括肯定句和否定句),連詞由that引導,因為that在從句中不作任何成分,也沒有任何具體意思,因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略
Lin Ta feels (that) his wn team is even better. She says (that) she wn’t take part in the sprts meeting next Sunday.Jim thught (that) the train was like a big mving party.He said (that) he wuld like t see the headmaster.
在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞(如srry, sure, afraid, glad等)作表語時,后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句
I’m srry (that) I dn’t knw .We’re sure (that) ur team will win .I’m afraid (that) he wn’t pass the exam .
由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句
注:that 在句中無詞匯意義,在從句中不能充當成分,在口語當中往往省略
e.g. I hear (that) _______________________. (一小時后他會回來)He said (that) ______________________. (他非常想念我們)The teacher tld us (that) ___________________________. (地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn))
he will be back in an hur
he missed us very much
the earth mves arund the sun
注意:當從句是客觀真理的時候,無論主句什么時態(tài),從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時
特殊疑問句作賓語從句時,由疑問詞 when, wh, what, where, whatever, hw,which, why等引導。賓語從句的詞序一律用陳述句的詞序,即"主語+謂語"詞序。
①帶有系動詞be(is,am,are,was,were)的特殊疑問句。
賓語從句"hw ld Liz is"是主句動詞knw的賓語。hw在從句中作副詞。注意從句的順序,主語在動詞前(Liz is)。
②帶有(情態(tài))助動詞is/am/are/have/has/can/shuld等的特殊疑問句When is Ann ging t lran? 安什么時候去伊朗?→ D yu knw when Ann is ging t lran? 你知道安什么時候去伊朗嗎?→ I dn’ t knw when Ann is ging t lran. 我不知道安什么時候去伊朗。What shuld I d? 我該怎么辦?→ Can yu tell me what I shuld d? 你能告訴我,我該怎么辦嗎?→ Please tell me what I shuld d. 請告訴我,我該怎么辦。Where has Rn gne? 朗去了哪里?→ D yu knw where Rn has gne? 你知道朗去了哪里嗎?→ I dn’ t knw where Rn has gne. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③帶有助動詞d/des/did的特殊疑問句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了?→ D yu knw where I put my wedding ring?
你知道我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了嗎?→ I dn’ t remember where I put my wedding ring.
我不記得我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了。What des Sue think abut Lulu? 蘇對露露的看法是什么?→ D yu knw what Sue thinks abut Lulu?
你知道蘇對露露的看法是什么嗎?→ I knw what Sue thinks abut Lulu.
我知道蘇對露露的看法是什么。
注意:(1)由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序,故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請看下列兩組
句子:Hw much des this cat cst? → I want t knw hw much this cat csts. Where did yu g yesterday? → Please tell me where yu went yesterday.
注意:(2)當疑問代詞what、wh在特殊疑問句中作主語時,該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序,所以當該句用來作賓語時,語序不需要調(diào)整。 What’ s wrng with yu? 怎么了? → He asked the girl what was wrng with her.What’ s the matter? 怎么了?→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened t him?→ We want t knw what has happened t him.
倉頡之初作書蓋依類象形故謂之文其形聲相益即謂之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛謂之倉頡之初作書蓋依類象形故謂之文其形聲相益即謂之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而
當從句部分是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時,常用if或whether引導賓語從句,if/whether意為"是否"。說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wnder,dubt,find ut,be uncertain /dubtful / be nt knwn 等后,二者通??梢曰Q??谡Z中多用if代替whether。在非正式的寫作中,可以使用if 或 whether 兩個詞來表達不定性,兩者都算標準。I wnder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是個司機。Alice wants t knw if/whether she has passed the exam. 愛麗絲想知道她是否考試及格了。Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉問她是否喜歡它。 I want t knw if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在這兒。
if/whether引導的賓語從句
【拓展】一般情況下,if和whether可互換,在口語中多用if, 而在以下幾種情況下,只能用whether。
1. 與 r 連用分別引導兩個從句時,或強調(diào)兩方面的選擇, 特別是句中有r nt時用whether,不用if。I dn’ t knw whether r nt they will cme. 我不知道他們是否會來。I dn’ t knw whether he is wrng r she is wrng. Let me knw whether yu can cme r nt.I dn’ t knw whether he will win r nt. I will write t yu whether r nt I can cme / whether I can cme r nt.
2. 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。He dsen’ t knw whether t g r nt. 他不知道是否會去。Please tell us whether t g there r stay here. 請告訴我們是去那里還是待在這里。 Whether t g r stay is still a questin. I’ m nt sure whether t stay r leave. I didn’ t knw whether t laugh r t cry.
3. 在介詞之后只能用whether引導賓語從句,而If則不能。It depends n whether I have enugh time. 那取決于我是否有足夠的時間。Success depends n whether we make enugh effrt. I haven’ t settled the questin f whether I’ ll g back hme. It depends n whether the letter arrives in time.I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 賓語從句置于句首表示強調(diào)時,用whether,不用if。Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I dn’ t knw.Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I dn’ t knw.
5. 在某些動詞(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引導賓語從句。We discussed whether we shuld clse the shp. (虛擬語氣) We discussed whether we shuld g there by plane.(虛擬語氣)
6. 在引導否定概念賓語從句時,只能用if,而不用whether。He asked me if I hadn’ t finished my wrk. 注意:dubt否定句用that引導。因為dn’ t dubt 意為相信,不懷疑,if是否表示疑慮。
He says that his sister is kind.
He says that his sister will beat him tmrrw.
He says that his sisiter beated him yesterday.
知識點三:賓語從句的時態(tài)
My teacher said that practice make perfect.
He says that the earth rises in the east.
句子的兩種語序:1.陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)叫陳述語序 2 疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)叫疑問語序
賓語從句必須用 ________
There is a shp near here.
Is there a shp near here?
知識點四:賓語從句的語序
由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:I want t knw if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I culd help him.
四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當主句的主語為第一人稱,謂語動詞是think, believe, guess, suppse等時,要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,賓語從句的謂語動用肯定式。eg: (5)I dn’t think he will cme with yu.注意:這種句子在其后接附加問句時,要特別小心。eg: (6) I dn’t believe he has finished the wrk, ________?(7) He knew why Jim wasn’t at schl , ___________?解析:例6,當主句的主語為第一人稱時,附加問句的主語由賓語從句的主語充當。例7,如果主句的主語非第一人稱時,則附加問句的主語由主句的主語充當。
知識點五 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移和特殊用法
賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化 (1)當主句謂語動詞是hpe, wish, decide, frget, plan, agree等,且主句與從句主語相同時,從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(動詞+t d)。She agreed that she culd help me with my maths. → She agreed t help me with my maths. (2)當主句謂語動詞是knw, learn, frget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語,且主句與從句主語相同時,從句可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。I dn't knw which sweater I shuld buy. → I dn't knw which sweater t buy.
(3)當主句謂語動詞是ask, tell, shw, teach,賓語從句由代詞/副詞引導,從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時,從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the park? → Culd yu tell me hw t get t the park?(4)當主句謂語動詞是find, see, watch, hear等感官動詞時,從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu),賓補為不帶t的不定式或V-ing形式。 She fund that the wallet lay/was lying n the grund. → She fund the wallet lie/lying n the grund.
if/whether(一般疑問句 )
特殊疑問詞(特殊疑問句)
主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)
賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序
客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象公式定理 名言警句 時態(tài)不變
1.(2023·福建廈門·模擬預(yù)測)—The English ral test is cming, culd yu tell me ________?—I think yu can have cnversatins with classmates.A.hw I can imprve my spken EnglishB.when I can learn sme speaking skillsC.where I can practice my spken English【答案】A【詳解】句意:——英語口語就要考試了,你能告訴我怎樣才能提高我的口語嗎?——我認為你可以和同學交談??疾橘e語從句。hw I can imprve my spken English我怎樣才能提高我的英語口語;when I can learn sme speaking skills我什么時候可以學習一些說話技巧;where I can practice my spken English我在哪里可以練習英語口語。根據(jù)答語“I think yu can have cnversatins with classmates.”可知,對方式進行提問,故選A。
2.(2023·福建泉州·模擬預(yù)測)—Culd yu tell me __________? —In 2000.A.when ur English teacher came t the schlB.hw lng ur English teacher has been in the schlC.hw sn ur English teacher will cme back t schl【答案】A【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我我們英語老師什么時候來的學校?——在2000年。考查賓語從句。when ur English teacher came t the schl我們英語老師什么時候來的學校;hw lng ur English teacher has been in the schl我們英語老師在學校多久了;hw sn ur English teacher will cme back t schl我們英語老師多久之后會回到學校。根據(jù)答語“In 2000.”可知,此句是提問時間點的,用疑問詞when提問,且2000年是過去的時間,故用一般過去時。故選A。
3.(2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)The ld saying frm Analects f Cnfucius says “If three men are walking tgether, ne f them is bund t be gd enugh t be my teacher” tells us ________.A.hw intelligent a teacher isB.that we shuld learn frm each therC.whm shuld we depend nD.hw many teachers we can have【答案】B【詳解】句意:《論語》中的一句古話“三人行必有我?guī)熝伞备嬖V我們應(yīng)該相互學習??疾橘e語從句和常識。hw intelligent a teacher is老師多聰明??;that we shuld learn frm each ther我們應(yīng)該互相學習;whm shuld we depend n我們應(yīng)該依靠誰;hw many teachers we can have我們能有多少老師。根據(jù)“The ld saying frm Analects f Cnfucius says “If three men are walking tgether, ne f them is bund t be gd enugh t be my teacher” tells us…”以及常識可知,“三人行必有我?guī)熝伞备嬖V我們應(yīng)該相互學習。故選B。
4.(2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)—Shall we g fr a picnic tmrrw?—Well, it depends n ________.A.if is it ging t be fine tmrrw B.that I finished my hmewrk tnightC.whether it’ll be fine tmrrwD.where did we g tmrrw【答案】C【詳解】句意:——我們明天去野餐好嗎?——哦,這要看明天的天氣好不好??疾橘e語從句。根據(jù)句中的“depends n”可知,此處的賓語從句陳述的是不確定的情況,因此可排除B項;賓語從句中需用陳述句語序,可排除A、D項。故選C。
5.(2023·重慶江北·??既#猅here is ging t be a Natinal Science Week in Chngqing Three Grges Museum. —Sunds great. D yu knw ________?A.when will it startB.when it will startC.where is it heldD.where it is held【答案】B【詳解】句意:——重慶三峽博物館將舉辦一個全國科學周?!犉饋聿诲e。你知道什么時候開始嗎?考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述語序,排除A與C;根據(jù)“There is ging t be a Natinal Science Week in Chngqing Three Grges Museum.”可知,全國科學周在重慶三峽博物館舉行,所以問句詢問的是時間,故選B。
6.(2023·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考一模)—Culd yu tell me ________ at the meeting yesterday?—Srry, I dn’t knw. I was nt at the meeting.A.hw he saidB.what did he sayC.what he saidD.hw did he say【答案】C【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我他昨天在會上說了些什么嗎?——對不起,我不知道。我沒有參加會議??疾橘e語從句。tell后缺少直接賓語,用賓語從句,賓語從句用陳述語序,排除BD;said后缺少賓語,引導詞用what而不用hw。故選C。
7.(2023·河北石家莊·校聯(lián)考一模)—Hi, Ben. Harry wanted t knw ________?—Nthing. I just stayed at hme.A.if yu went anywhere last weekendB.where yu went last weekendC.hw was yur last weekendD.what yu did last weekend【答案】D【詳解】句意:——嗨,本。哈利想知道你上周末做了什么?——沒什么。我只是待在家里。考查賓語從句。分析句子,“wanted t knw”后跟賓語從句,應(yīng)該用陳述語序,所以排除C選項。根據(jù)答語“Nthing. I just stayed at hme.”可知,此處問的是上周末做了什么,故選D。
8.(2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考三模)—Culd yu tell me ________ after High Schl Entrance Examinatin? —I decide t travel t Sichuan Prvince t see beautiful scenery.A.which city d yu gB.where yu plan t gC.hw yu g t the city【答案】B【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我中考后你打算去哪里嗎?——我決定去四川省旅游,看看美麗的風景??疾橘e語從句。賓語從句要用陳述語序,排除A;根據(jù)“I decide t travel t Sichuan Prvince t see beautiful scenery.”可知,賓語從句問題應(yīng)該是去哪里。故選B。
1.(2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—Excuse me, culd yu please tell me ________?—Next Friday.A.when will the dentist cme backB.when the dentist will cme backC.hw will the dentist cme back【答案】B【詳解】句意:——對不起,你能告訴我牙醫(yī)什么時候回來嗎?——下周五??疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句,用陳述語序,排除AC。故選B。
2.(2023·遼寧鞍山·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—I wnder ________ my new classmates.—By cmmunicating with them mre.A.what can I learn frmB.when I can learn frmC.where can I talk withD.hw I can get n with【答案】D【詳解】句意:——我想知道我怎樣才能和我的新同學相處得好?!ㄟ^與他們進行更多的溝通??疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句,用陳述語序,排除AC;根據(jù)“By...”可知此處詢問方式,用hw引導賓語從句。故選D。
3.(2023·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—I wnder ________.—Yes, it tastes really gd.A.wh likes eating zngziB.if this kind f zngzi is deliciusC.where I can buy this kind f zngziD.hw much we shuld pay fr this kind f zngzi【答案】B【詳解】句意:——我想知道這種粽子好吃嗎?!贸裕兜篮芎?。考查賓語從句。wh likes eating zngzi誰喜歡吃粽子;if this kind f zngzi is delicius這種粽子是否好吃;where I can buy this kind f zngzi我在哪里可以買到這種粽子;hw much we shuld pay fr this kind f zngzi這種粽子我們該付多少錢。根據(jù)答語“Yes, it tastes really gd.”可知,想知道這種粽子是否好吃,故選B。
4.(2023·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—As a teenager, d yu knw ________ when yu are in truble? —Yes. I can ask my parents, teachers r any ther adult I trust.A.wh yu can ask fr helpB.hw can yu ask fr helpC.wh can yu ask fr helpD.hw yu can ask fr help【答案】A【詳解】句意:——作為一個青少年,當你遇到麻煩時,你知道你可以向誰求助嗎?——知道。我可以向我的父母、老師或任何我信任的成年人求助??疾橘e語從句。賓語從句的語序應(yīng)用陳述語序,排除BC;根據(jù)“I can ask my parents, teachers r any ther adult I trust.”可知,父母、老師和信任的成年人都是人,應(yīng)用wh引導賓語從句,故選A。
5.(2023·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—I wnder if Li Hua ________ t the hspital t receive the vaccinatin(疫苗接種). —I am sure he will if he ________ time.A.ges; will haveB.will g; hasC.will g; will have【答案】B【詳解】句意:——我想知道李華會不會去醫(yī)院打疫苗?!蚁嘈湃绻袝r間的話他會去的。考查動詞時態(tài)。第一句中if引導賓語從句,表示對將來是否會發(fā)生某事的不確定,從句用一般將來時,其結(jié)構(gòu)為will d;第二句中if引導條件狀語從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語“he”后接動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。故選B。
6.(2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題)—Chen Dan, d yu knw ________?—Bus N.3 will take yu there.A.what is Star Park like B.what Star Park is likeC.hw can I get t Star ParkD.hw I can get t Star Park【答案】D【詳解】句意:——陳丹,你知道我怎么去明星公園嗎?——3路公共汽車送你去那里??疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句,用陳述語序,排除AC;根據(jù)“Bus N.3 will take yu there.”可知此處詢問如何到達某地,用hw引導賓語從句。故選D。
這是一份第08講 賓語從句(練習)-備戰(zhàn)2024中考英語一輪復(fù)習精品課件+講義+練習(全國通用),文件包含第08講賓語從句練習-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用原卷版docx、第08講賓語從句練習-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用解析版docx等2份課件配套教學資源,其中PPT共0頁, 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份第04講 動詞的時態(tài)(講義)-備戰(zhàn)2024中考英語一輪復(fù)習精品課件+講義+練習(全國通用),文件包含第04講動詞的時態(tài)講義-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用教師版docx、第04講動詞的時態(tài)講義-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用學生版docx等2份課件配套教學資源,其中PPT共0頁, 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份第03講 情態(tài)動詞(講義)-備戰(zhàn)2024中考英語一輪復(fù)習精品課件+講義+練習(全國通用),文件包含第03講情態(tài)動詞講義-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用教師版docx、第03講情態(tài)動詞講義-中考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測全國通用學生版docx等2份課件配套教學資源,其中PPT共0頁, 歡迎下載使用。
注冊成功