精品解析：北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷（解析版）

這是一份精品解析：北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷（解析版），共19頁。試卷主要包含了 A等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分 知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，共25分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
My family mved t Perth, Australia when I was six. On the first day f schl, I was ___1___ because I culdn’t even say hell in English.
Then I met Natsumi. Her family had just mved t Australia frm Japan. Unable t speak a wrd f English, we culd nly ___2___ thrugh bdy language, but this did nt stp us frm becming fast ___3___. My mum has a clear memry f ne car trip when Natsumi and I were sitting in the backseat, laughing and talking t each ther in brken English, It was the first time I had felt ___4___ enugh t speak the few wrds I had learned thrughut the year.
Unfrtunately, at the end f that year, Natsumi’s family mved t Queensland and mine t New Suth Wales. We lst ___5___.
Years later, I went int training as a teacher, teaching English t newly-arrived students and adults. Many f my students were Japanese, which ___6___ me f Natsumi. Thugh I had lng been lking fr her, my searches had s far led nwhere.
On a visit t Japan in 2018, I ___7___ again. Having spent a lng night nline, I came acrss smene named Natsumi. Trying my luck, I sent her a message. The next day, there was a ___8___: “Gabi? Gabi frm Perth?”
We agreed n a date and met up fr dinner. Seeing her again was ___9___. Hwever, this time, we were nt nly able t cmmunicate with ne anther in English, but ____10____ s.
1. A. angryB. frightenedC. excitedD. curius
2. A. explreB. imprveC. studyD. cmmunicate
3. A. friendsB. rmmatesC. advisersD. travellers
4. A. shckedB. cnfidentC. upsetD. calm
5. A. heartB. hpeC. interestD. tuch
6. A. warnedB. remindedC. infrmedD. freed
7. A. appliedB. trackedC. triedD. failed
8. A. replyB. tipC. cntactD. sign
9. A. awkwardB. impssibleC. attractiveD. unbelievable
10. A. hnestlyB. peacefullyC. fluentlyD. plitely
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，敘述了作者六歲時搬到澳大利亞遇到了同樣不會說英文的Natsumi，兩人雖然不會講英文，但在一起度過了美好的時光。后來，兩人都搬家便失去聯(lián)系，經(jīng)過作者不斷嘗試最終兩人再次取得聯(lián)系。
【1題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在上學(xué)的第一天，我很緊張害怕，因?yàn)槲疑踔敛粫糜⒄Z打招呼。A. angry生氣的；B. frightened害怕的；C. excited興奮的；D. curius好奇的。根據(jù)下文“ because I culdn’t even say hell in English”而可知，作者因?yàn)樯踔敛粫糜⒄Z打招呼，所以開學(xué)第一天應(yīng)該是害怕的心情。故選B項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不會說英語，只能通過肢體語言交流，但這并不妨礙我們很快成為朋友。A. explre探索；B. imprve提升；C. study學(xué)習(xí)/研究；D. cmmunicate交流。根據(jù)下文“thrugh bdy language”可知我們不會說英語，所以只能通過肢體語言來交流。故選D項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不會說英語，只能通過肢體語言交流，但這并不妨礙我們很快成為朋友。A. friends朋友；B. rmmates室友；C. advisers顧問；D. travellers旅行者。根據(jù)句意，兩個人雖然不會說英語，但是通過肢體語言很快成為朋友，文章未提及兩人有其他關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我第一次有足夠的信心說出我在這一年里學(xué)到的幾個單詞。A. shcked震驚的；B. cnfident有信心的；C. upset心煩意亂的；D. calm平靜的。根據(jù)上一句“My mum has a clear memry f ne car trip when Natsumi and I were sitting in the backseat, laughing and talking t each ther in brken English(我媽媽清楚地記得有一次坐車旅行，Natsumi和我坐在后座上，用蹩腳的英語談笑風(fēng)生)”可知兩人雖然不會說英語，但是可以談笑風(fēng)生，作者不再感到害怕，變得越來越有信心。故選B項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們失去了聯(lián)系。A. heart心臟；B. hpe希望；C. interest興趣；D. tuch 觸摸/聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上文“Unfrtunately, at the end f that year, Natsumi’s family mved t Queensland and mine t New Suth Wales(不幸的是，那年年底，Natsumi一家搬到了昆士蘭州，我家搬到了新南威爾士州)”可知，兩人都搬家，失去聯(lián)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的很多學(xué)生是日本人，這讓我想起了Natsumi。A. warned警告；B. reminded提醒；C. infrmed通知；D. freed釋放。根據(jù)上文“Years later, I went int training as a teacher, teaching English t newly-arrived students and adults (幾年后，我接受了教師培訓(xùn)，教新來的學(xué)生和成年人英語)”可知，作者成為了一名老師，而且他的很多學(xué)生是日本人，這讓他想到了Natsumi。remind sb f sth“讓某人想起某事”。故選B項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2018年訪問日本時，我又試了一次。A. applied申請；B. tracked跟蹤；C. tried嘗試；D. failed失敗。根據(jù)上文“Thugh I had lng been lking fr her, my searches had s far led nwhere(雖然我一直在找她，但到目前為止一無所獲)”可知，作者一直在尋找Natsumi但一無所獲。所以在2018年訪問日本時又試了一次，想要聯(lián)系上Natsumi。故選C項(xiàng)。
【8題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，有人回復(fù)道：“加比？珀斯的加比?”A. reply 回復(fù)；B. tip尖端/小費(fèi)；C. cntact聯(lián)系；D. sign標(biāo)志。根據(jù)上文“Having spent a lng night nline, I came acrss smene named Natsumi. Trying my luck, I sent her a message(在網(wǎng)上度過了漫長的一夜之后，我遇到了一個叫Natsumi的人。碰碰運(yùn)氣，我給她發(fā)了個信息)”可知作者發(fā)了信息收到了回復(fù)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：能再次見到她有些難以置信。A. awkward尷尬的；B. impssible不可能的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. unbelievable難以置信的。根據(jù)上文“Trying my luck, I sent her a message(碰碰運(yùn)氣，我給她發(fā)了個信息)”卻沒有想到收到了回復(fù)，聯(lián)系上了Natsumi，說明聯(lián)系上Natsumi并再次見到她這件事是令人難以置信的。故選D項(xiàng)。
【10題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這一次，我們不僅能用英語交流，而且很流利。A. hnestly誠實(shí)地；B. peacefully和平地；C. fluently流利地；D. plitely禮貌地。根據(jù)前文“Years later, I went int training as a teacher, teaching English t newly-arrived students and adults(幾年后，我接受了教師培訓(xùn)，教新來的學(xué)生和成年人英語)”可知作者兒時不會說英語，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為英語老師。根據(jù)最后一句“Hwever, this time, we were nt nly able t cmmunicate with ne anther in English, but________ s.”中“hwever”可知兩人兒時不會說英語，但是現(xiàn)在不僅用英語交流而且可以流利地交流。故選C項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Ging frm junir high schl t senir high schl is a really big challenge. The first week was a little ____11____ (cnfuse). First, I had t think very carefully abut which curses I wanted t take. The schl adviser helped me chse the suitable nes: maths, English, chemistry, wrld histry, and Chinese. I knw that Chinese is a very difficult language, ____12____ I hpe t be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recmmended that I shuld sign up fr advanced literature ____13____ I like English and I’m gd at it.
【答案】11. cnfusing
12. but 13. because##as##fr
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者剛進(jìn)入高中后關(guān)于選科的一些經(jīng)歷和想法。
【11題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：第一周有點(diǎn)混亂。分析句子可知，空處填形容詞作表語，表示“令人困惑的，混亂的”用ing結(jié)尾的形容詞。故填cnfusing。
【12題詳解】
考查并列連詞。句意：我知道中文是一門很難的語言，但我希望畢業(yè)時能說流利。分析句子可知，空處填連詞，并列前后兩個分句，結(jié)合句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。
【13題詳解】
考查狀語從句。句意：我的導(dǎo)師建議我報(bào)名高級文學(xué)。因?yàn)槲蚁矚g英語，而且我擅長英語。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示原因。故填because/as/fr。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
When Michael Jrdan’s feet left the grund, time seemed t stand still. The player ____14____ became knwn as “Air Jrdan” changed basketball with his graceful mves and jumps. Jrdan’s ____15____ (skill) were impressive, but the mental strength that he shwed made him unique. In the final secnds f a game, Jrdan always seemed t find a way t win. Jrdan says that the secret t his success is learning ____16____ his failures. Lsing games taught him t practice harder and never give up.
【答案】14. wh##that
15. skills 16. frm
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】文本是一篇人物傳記。主要介紹了空中飛人喬丹的籃球技巧和體育精神。
【14題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：這位被稱為“空中飛人”的球員，他優(yōu)雅的動作和跳躍改變了籃球。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞changed可知前面是一個從句，作player的定語，先行詞為player，從句中缺少主語，故填wh/that。
【15題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：喬丹的技巧令人印象深刻，但他所表現(xiàn)出的精神力量使他獨(dú)一無二。skill（技巧）是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)后面的were可知，句子的主語用復(fù)數(shù)，故填skills。
16題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：喬丹說他成功的秘訣是從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意以及橫線后的his failures是名詞短語可知，橫線上可填入介詞來連接名詞短語，構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。learn frm“從……中學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。故填frm。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Hurricane Ian, a pwerful strm ____17____ hit Cuba earlier this week, grew t a strng strm befre making landfall n Flrida’s west cast. At least 125 peple, including 120 in Flrida and 5 in Nrth Carlina, ____18____ (die) since the disaster happened. Last week, Ian swept suthwestern Flrida, bringing heavy rains and dangerus flding. Ninety percent f Frt Myers Beach ____19____ (destry) by it. Right nw rescue wrkers ____20____ (wrk) hard day and night t make sure peple are safe.
【答案】17. that##which
18. have been dead
19. was destryed
20. are wrking
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了“伊恩”颶風(fēng)所造成的的損害。
【17題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：本周早些時候襲擊古巴的強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴“伊恩”颶風(fēng)在佛羅里達(dá)州西海岸登陸前升級為強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處考查限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a pwerful strm，指物，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。故答案為that/which。
【18題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：自災(zāi)難發(fā)生以來，至少有125人死亡，其中佛羅里達(dá)州120人，北卡羅來納州5人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該空在句中作謂語動詞，由“since the disaster happened”可知，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時。故答案為have been dead。
【19題詳解】
考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：百分之九十的邁爾斯堡海灘被它摧毀了。由前文句意可知，時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語Ninety percent f Frt Myers Beach和destry之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；百分?jǐn)?shù)后面所接的名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式，所以填was destryed。故答案為was destryed。
【20題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，救援人員日夜努力工作，以確保人們的安全。根據(jù)時間提示詞“Right nw”可知，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，所以填are wrking。故答案為are wrking。
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，共28分)
第一節(jié)(共9小題;每小題2分，共18分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
The Lngji Rice Terraces Day Tur
Overview
Price: U. S. $ 128 Per Persn
Time: Every Day at 8:00 am
Duratin: 9 hurs
Highlights
—Private Guided Tur fr phtgraphy lvers
—Explre the extremely attractive rice terraces
—Experience the unique custms and lifestyle f lcal Zhuang village
Descriptin
The Lngji Rice Terraces are the mst amazing terraces in China. With a histry f arund 700 years, the Lngji Rice Terraces shw bth the great wisdm and physical effrts f the Zhuang peple.
Itinerary
At 8:00 am, yur tur guide and driver will pick yu up frm yur htel in Guilin and transprt yu t the amazing Lngji Terraces. (* Turists staying utside f the city center need t pay an extra fee.)
After a tw-hur drive, yu will reach the entrance t the Lngji Terraces, where yu will take an ec-sightseeing bus t Ping’an Village. Then the tur guide will shw yu arund the village. Lunch is n yur wn. Yur expert guide can give yu sme advice n the fd chices in the village.
After a shrt lunch break, walk fr 20 minutes t N. 2 Viewing Platfrm, a perfect place fr a wnderful view f the terraces beneath. Yu will have enugh time t take pictures and enjy the fresh air.
Other services
◇ Htel pick-up and drp-ff
◇ Private English-speaking guide
◇ Private driver & air-cnditined vehicle
◇ Entrance fees t turist sites
21. The tur is suitable fr peple wh like ______.
A. lcal fdB. studying histry
C. taking phtsD. city adventures
22. What infrmatin can travellers get frm the itinerary?
A. The tur lasts 2 hurs.B. Lunch is included in the price.
C. Transprt t rice terraces is free.D. N. 2 Viewing Platfrm is a must-g.
23. The purpse f the passage is t ______.
A. give advice n hikingB. prmte a package tur
C. intrduce a turist attractinD. prvide gegraphic infrmatin
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了桂林地區(qū)的龍脊梯田一日游的信息。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Highlights的第一條“Private Guided Tur fr phtgraphy lvers (為攝影愛好者提供私人導(dǎo)覽服務(wù))”可知，這個旅游適合喜歡攝影的游客。故選C項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Itinerary的第三段“After a shrt lunch break, walk fr 20 minutes t N. 2 Viewing Platfrm, a perfect place fr a wnderful view f the terraces beneath. Yu will have enugh time t take pictures and enjy the fresh air. (在短暫的午餐休息后，步行20分鐘到達(dá)2號觀景臺，在這里可以欣賞到下面露臺的美景。你將有足夠的時間拍照和呼吸新鮮空氣。)”可知，2號觀景臺處可以欣賞到美景，并且也留足了拍照時間，所以2號觀景臺是游客必去之地。故選D項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題The Lngji Rice Terraces Day Tur(龍脊梯田一日游)，并通讀全文，文章介紹了桂林地區(qū)一個規(guī)模宏大的梯田群龍脊梯田的一日游的信息，包括價格、出發(fā)時間、活動時間，旅行中的最精彩的部分和特點(diǎn)描述，以及具體的行程安排，故這篇文章的目的是推廣龍脊梯田一日游的跟團(tuán)旅行。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
The lder yu get, the mre difficult it is t learn a new language. But n ne knws exactly what the cutff pint is—at what age it becmes harder. In ne f the largest studies, researchers frm Bstn-based universities fund that children are gd at learning a secnd language up until the age f 18, abut 10 years later than earlier thught. But the study als shwed that it is best t start by age 10 if yu want t achieve the grammatical fluency f a native speaker.
T slve this prblem, the research team cllected data n a persn’s age, language level and time studying English. They created a shrt nline grammar quiz called “Which English?” that tested nun-verb agreement, prnuns, prepsitins and relative clauses, amng ther linguistic elements. They wanted t find ut when the “critical perid” fr achieving the highest levels f grammatical fluency ends.
Based n peple’s grammar scres and infrmatin abut their learning f English, the researchers develped mdels t find ut hw lng it takes t becme fluent in a language and the best age t start learning. They cncluded that the ability t learn a new language, at least grammatically, is strngest until the age f 18. T becme cmpletely fluent, hwever, learning shuld start befre the age f 10.
There are three main ideas as t why language-learning ability falls at 18: scial changes, interference (干擾) frm ne’s primary language and cntinuing brain develpment. At 18, kids typically graduate frm high schl and start cllege r enter the wrk frce full-time. Once they d, they may n lnger have the time, pprtunity t study a secnd language. Or it is pssible that after ne masters a first language, its rules interfere with the ability t learn a secnd language. Finally, changes in the brain that cntinue during the late teens and early 20s may smehw make learning harder.
This is nt t say that we cannt learn a new language if we are ver 20. There are many examples f peple wh pick up a language later in life.
Althugh the study was cnducted nly in English the researchers believe the findings will transfer t ther languages and they are develping similar tests fr Spanish and Mandarin.
24. In Paragraph 2, “this prblem” refers t ______.
A. at what age peple can d the quiz
B. hw peple imprve their language skills
C. why peple find it hard t master grammar rules
D. in what perid peple can learn a new language well
25. Why des peple’s language-learning ability fall at 18?
A. Because they have n gd learning envirnment.
B. Because they are busy develping ther life skills.
C. Because they needn’t imprve the language ability.
D. Because they fcus mre n their primary language.
26. Why des the authr write the passage?
A T explain a finding.B. T prvide a slutin.
C. T lead a discussin.D. T supprt an pinin.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言與年齡之間的關(guān)系，18歲時語言學(xué)習(xí)能力下降，如果想達(dá)到母語者的語法流利程度，最好從10歲開始學(xué)習(xí)。
【24題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“The lder yu get, the mre difficult it is t learn a new language. But n ne knws exactly what the cutff pint is—at what age it becmes harder.(你的年齡越大，學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言就越困難。但沒有人確切地知道截止點(diǎn)是什么，在什么年齡會變得更難)”可知，這是人們面臨的問題，所以研究人員想要解決的問題是在什么時期人們可以學(xué)好一門新的語言。故選D項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“At 18, kids typically graduate frm high schl and start cllege r enter the wrk frce full-time. Once they d, they may n lnger have the time, pprtunity t study a secnd language.(18歲時，孩子們通常從高中畢業(yè)，開始上大學(xué)或全職工作。一旦他們開始上大學(xué)或者工作，他們可能就沒有時間和機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)第二語言了)”可知，人們在18歲時會開始上大學(xué)或者開始工作，所以沒有了學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的時間和機(jī)會，即他們沒有了學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In ne f the largest studies, researchers frm Bstn-based universities fund that children are gd at learning a secnd language up until the age f 18, abut 10 years later than earlier thught. But the study als shwed that it is best t start by age 10 if yu want t achieve the grammatical fluency f a native speaker.(在規(guī)模最大的研究之一中，波士頓大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們在18歲之前都很擅長學(xué)習(xí)第二語言，這比之前想象的要晚10年左右。但研究還表明，如果你想達(dá)到母語者的語法流利程度，最好從10歲開始)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言與年齡之間的關(guān)系，18歲時語言學(xué)習(xí)能力下降，如果想達(dá)到母語者的語法流利程度，最好從10歲開始學(xué)習(xí)，所以作者寫本篇文章是為了解釋這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
C
Abut 6 millin t 12 millin creatures are dissected (解剖) in U. S. classrms every year, accrding t the Natinal Anti-Vivisectin Sciety, an animal rights grup. While many students eagerly lk frward t the chance t examine real animals up clse, thers say that there’s n educatinal value in cutting int animals’ bdies. Shuld students dissect real animals?
David Evans, the directr f the Natinal Science Teachers Assciatin, argues that students shuld be given the chance t dissect animals in the classrm. Students learn best in a hands-n envirnment where they can wrk tgether t explre and discver. Interacting with rganisms (生物) is an effective way t help students develp skills f bservatin and cmparisn and learn the unique structures (結(jié)構(gòu)) and prcesses f rganisms. As gd as many mdels r simulatins might be, they are very different frm real rganisms. And he believes they fall shrt f prducing the respect fr living things that cmes frm the actual dissectin experience.
Jnathan Balcmbe, a bilgist and a life-lng animal rights supprter, says, “I spent many years as a bilgy lab teacher. I remember the hrrible feeling I had when it came time fr my class t dissect animals. The lessn required that students cut pen and examine dead frgs, fetal pigs, sparrws, and ther creatures. I felt pity fr these animals, wh prbably suffered befre being killed. And I knew their pain culd have been avided. If students and teachers saw hw these animals typically end up n their desks, I believe that dissectins wuld sn stp.”
He pints ut there are many effective chices fr learning animal dissectin and physilgy, including 3-D mdels, vides, and cmputer sftware. Hundreds f prgrams are free thrugh lending services like The Science Bank. The simulated dissectins can be repeated, and the prgrams prvide feedback. Several studies have shwn that cmputer mdels and ther chices teach students just as well as r better than traditinal animal dissectin.
I’m nt surprised that n state requires dissectin t graduate frm high schl, and n cllege r university demands it as part f the admissins prcess. In fact, laws in 18 U. S. states and Washingtn, D. C. supprt a student’s right t use ther chices. Hwever, dissectin culd have a legal place in educatin if the animals did nt suffer and were nt intentinally killed. Fr example, sme schls have students dissect animals that “were put t sleep” fr medical reasns and whse bdies were dnated t science.
27. Which f the fllwing may Evans agree with?
A. Mdels are as effective as actual dissectins.
B. Students are shrt f chances t dissect animals.
C. Dissecting animals helps peple respect creatures.
D. Students benefit much mre when learning in grups.
28. What d we knw abut Balcmbe’s view n dissecting animals?
A. It causes pain t animals.
B. It advances medicine research.
C. It shuld be mre educatinal.
D. It shuld be put in schl prgrams.
29. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The nature f dissectin.
B. The necessity f dissectin.
C. The result f dissecting animals.
D. The research n dissected animals.
【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。主要探討了學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該解剖真實(shí)的動物這一主題。
【27題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“David Evans, the directr f the Natinal Science Teachers Assciatin, argues that students shuld be given the chance t dissect animals in the classrm. (國家科學(xué)教師協(xié)會主席David Evans認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該給學(xué)生在課堂上解剖動物的機(jī)會)”和“And he believes they fall shrt f prducing the respect fr living things that cmes frm the actual dissectin experience. (他認(rèn)為，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M無法產(chǎn)生對生物的尊重，而這種尊重來自于實(shí)際的解剖經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，David Evans支持學(xué)生在課堂上進(jìn)行真實(shí)動物的解刨，他認(rèn)為實(shí)際的解刨實(shí)驗(yàn)可以產(chǎn)生對生物的尊重，所以C選項(xiàng)符合David Evans的觀點(diǎn)。故答案為C。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Jnathan Balcmbe所說的話“I felt pity fr these animals, wh prbably suffered befre being killed. And I knew their pain culd have been avided. (我為這些動物感到遺憾，它們在被殺死之前可能遭受了痛苦。我知道它們的痛苦是本可以避免的)”可推知，Jnathan Balcmbe并不支持實(shí)際的動物解刨，這種實(shí)驗(yàn)會造成對動物的痛苦和傷害，所以A選項(xiàng)符合他的觀點(diǎn)。故答案為A。
【29題詳解】
主旨大意題。這是一篇議論文，第一段提出了本篇文章的主題“ Shuld students dissect real animals? (學(xué)生應(yīng)該解剖真實(shí)的動物嗎?)”；第二段描述David Evans持支持態(tài)度，三四段描述了Jnathan Balcmbe持反對態(tài)度，最后一段作者主張如果動物沒有遭受痛苦或被惡意傷害，解剖在教育中可以有一個合法的地位。所以B選項(xiàng)“The necessity f dissectin. (解剖的必要性)”符合本篇文章的主題。故答案為B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Keep Sight f Dry Eye
D yur eyes feel uncmfrtable r dry? If s, yu might have dry eye syndrme (綜合征). ____30____ It can affect the enjyment f scial activities and yur ability t fcus n yur studies. But slutins fr dry eyes d exist, s read n.
In the past, dry eye syndrme was mainly a cnditin experienced by lder adults, but it nw affects many yung peple as well. Dry eye ften results frm veruse f cmputers r smartphnes, which causes the user t blink (眨眼) less. Since blinking helps keep ur eyes wet, a lack (缺少) f it can lead t dry eye. ____31____ As a result, thse wh spend a lt f time indrs are particularly at risk. Finally, wearing a medical mask can cause dry eye, since breathing with a mask n can frce air ut thrugh the tp f the mask and int ur eyes.
____32____ The first step tward preventin is cleanliness. When yu wash yur face, clean yur eyes with a mild sap. Then, cver yur eyes with a warm, wet clth. Preventing dry eye als means aviding tiredness in the eyes, s take frequent breaks when using yur cmputer. While yu’re n a cmputer break, fcus n blinking, making sure that yu clse yur eyes fully n each blink. ____33____ Anther way t prevent dry eye is t drink mre water. Fr gd verall health, experts advise drinking 8 t 10 glasses f water per day, which will increase tear prductin.
If yu suffer frm dry eye syndrme, these steps can g a lng way tward making yur eyes feel better. Hwever, if the prblem desn’t g away, then it’s time t see a dctr. ____34____
A. After all, yur health is wrth keeping an eye n.
B. Blinking can help prtect the surface f yur eyes.
C. This happens when yu dn’t prduce enugh tears.
D. Air-cnditining and fans als cntribute t dry eye.
E. Limit screen time and take breaks frm staring at screens.
F. Treatments fr dry eyes can include eye exercises and eye drps.
G. All it takes is a few lifestyle changes t prevent and treat dry eye syndrme.
【答案】30. C 31. D 32. G 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了干眼癥的產(chǎn)生原因及預(yù)防方法。
【30題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“If s, yu might have dry eye syndrme (綜合征). (如果是這樣，你可能患有干眼癥)”及下文“It can affect the enjyment f scial activities and yur ability t fcus n yur studies. (它會影響你參加社交活動的樂趣以及你專注于學(xué)習(xí)的能力)”可知，it此處指干眼癥，提到干眼癥的影響，所以空處應(yīng)該講述干眼癥的發(fā)生的條件是什么。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的眼淚時，就會發(fā)生這種情況?！蹦軌虺猩蠁⑾?，講述了干眼癥發(fā)生的條件。故選C。
【31題詳解】
上文“Dry eye ften results frm veruse f cmputers r smartphnes, which causes the user t blink (眨眼) less. (眼睛干澀常常是由于過度使用電腦或智能手機(jī)造成的，這會導(dǎo)致使用者眨眼次數(shù)減少)”講述了干眼癥產(chǎn)生的一個原因。下文“Finally, wearing a medical mask can cause dry eye(最后，戴醫(yī)用口罩會導(dǎo)致眼睛干澀)”提到了眼睛干澀的另一個原因，所以空處應(yīng)該是承接上文，同樣講述眼睛干澀的原因。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)和風(fēng)扇也會導(dǎo)致眼睛干澀”能夠承上啟下，講述了室內(nèi)空調(diào)和風(fēng)扇是產(chǎn)生眼睛干澀的原因，與下文“As a result, thse wh spend a lt f time indrs are particularly at risk. (因此，那些長時間呆在室內(nèi)的人尤其危險)”構(gòu)成了客觀上的因果關(guān)系。故選D。
【32題詳解】
下文“The first step tward preventin is cleanliness. (預(yù)防的第一步是清潔)”提到了解決眼睛干澀的辦法。因而，空處應(yīng)是總結(jié)說明解決眼睛干澀的方法就是生活方式的改變。由此可知，G選項(xiàng)“所有需要的是一些生活方式的改變，以防止和治療干眼綜合癥。”能夠銜接下文，說明了生活方式的改變可以防止和治療干眼綜合癥，為下文提出解決方式做了鋪墊。故選G。
【33題詳解】
上文“While yu’re n a cmputer break, fcus n blinking, making sure that yu clse yur eyes fully n each blink. (當(dāng)你在用電腦休息的時候，集中注意力眨眼，確保每次眨眼的時候都完全閉上眼睛)”提到了看屏幕過久，休息時要集中注意力眨眼。因而空處應(yīng)承接上文，講述眨眼的意義是什么。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“眨眼有助于保護(hù)眼睛表面。”提到了眨眼的好處，符合題意。故選B。
【34題詳解】
空處作為段落的末句，理應(yīng)作總結(jié)性表達(dá)。根據(jù)上文“If yu suffer frm dry eye syndrme, these steps can g a lng way tward making yur eyes feel better. Hwever, if the prblem desn’t g away, then it’s time t see a dctr. (如果你患有干眼癥，這些步驟可以讓你的眼睛感覺更好。然而，如果問題沒有解決，那么是時候去看醫(yī)生了)”可知，空處承接前文，講述看醫(yī)生可以保證我們的健康，即我們的健康是值得關(guān)注的。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“畢竟，你的健康狀況值得關(guān)注。”符合題意。故選A。
第三部分(共三節(jié)，共47分)
第一節(jié) 選詞填空(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)
A
請用方框中的單詞完成句子。
35. Sugar is a ______ cause f tthache.
36. The by was in tears and ______ very upset.
37. These sprts ______ bth speed and strength.
38. The lady was trying t ______ her sn frm the fire.
39. We must develp a ______ t deal with the prblem.
【答案】35. majr
36. bviusly
37. demand 38. rescue
39. strategy
【解析】
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：糖是牙痛的一個主要原因。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞majr，意為“重大的，主要的”，作前置定語。故填majr。
【36題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：男孩哭了，顯然很難過。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填副詞bviusly，意為“顯然，顯而易見”，作狀語。故填bviusly。
【37題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：這些運(yùn)動既要求速度又要求力量。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填動詞demand，意為“需要，需求”，作謂語動詞；陳述客觀事實(shí)，謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語These sprts為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用原形。故填demand。
【38題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：那位女士正試圖從火中救出她的兒子。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填動詞rescue，意為“營救，援救”，此處考查動詞短語try t d sth，空前有t，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動詞原形。故填rescue。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：我們必須制定一個策略來處理這個問題。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞strategy，意為“策略，行動計(jì)劃”，作賓語。故填strategy。
B
請用方框中的短語完成句子。
40. Mike is ______ cmputer games.
41. After the earthquake, the whle city was ______.
42. We are really ______ seeing yu again.
43. Students are encuraged t ______ their wn learning.
44. Kate is planning t g t Iceland fr hliday. She will ______ a visa sn.
【答案】40. addicted t
41. in ruins
42. lking frward t
43. take cntrl f
44. apply fr
【解析】
【40題詳解】
考查形容詞短語。句意：邁克沉迷于電腦游戲。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用addicted t，be addicted t sth.為固定短語，表示“沉迷于某物”，符合題意。故填addicted t。
41題詳解】
考查介詞短語。句意：地震后，整個城市都成了廢墟。根據(jù)句意以及常識可知，地震后，城市成為廢墟，空處應(yīng)用短語in ruins，表示“成為廢墟”，作句子表語。故填in ruins。
【42題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：我們真地很期待再次見到你。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用短語lking frward t，表示“期待”，動詞lking與空前的are構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，符合題意。故填lking frward t。
【43題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：學(xué)生們被鼓勵自主學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用短語take cntrl f，表示“控制”，不定式符號t后接動詞原形形式。故填take cntrl f。
【44題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：凱特計(jì)劃去冰島度假。她將很快申請簽證。根據(jù)句意以及常識可知，空處應(yīng)用短語apply fr，表示“申請”，will后接動詞原形形式，構(gòu)成一般將來時，符合題意。故填apply fr。
C
請用方框中單詞的正確形式完成句子。
45. Have yu made all yur travel ______?
46. Tw players are ut f the team because f ______.
47. That ______ inventr designed a new kind f machine.
48. I felt I was ding well and my ______ began t grw.
49. An athlete shuld have a ______ bdy and a strng mind.
【答案】45. arranged
46. injury 47. creative
48. cnfidence
49. pwerful
【解析】
【45題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：你安排好你的旅程了嗎？這里是考查動詞make的用法，根據(jù)句意，這里是說安排旅程，故選arrange。句中的travel和arrange之間是被動關(guān)系，即make sth. dne“使某事被做”，arrange用過去分詞形式。故填arranged。
【46題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：兩名運(yùn)動員因?yàn)槭軅顺隽吮荣?。because f后面接名詞，因?yàn)閒是個介詞，后面需要接名詞構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意，這里是說由于受傷退出，故選injure，injure的名詞形式為injury。故填injury。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：那個富有創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)明家設(shè)計(jì)出了一款新型機(jī)器。根據(jù)句意以及句子成分分析，橫線上缺少形容詞，create的形容詞creative符合題意。故填creative。
【48題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：我感覺到我做的很好，我的信心開始增長。根據(jù)前面的ding well可知，后面是說更有自信，故選cnfident。根據(jù)句子成分分析，my后面需填名詞。故填cnfidence。
【49題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：運(yùn)動員應(yīng)該有強(qiáng)健的體魄和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。根據(jù)后面的strng mind可知，前面說的是強(qiáng)有力的身體，故選pwer。橫線上的詞修飾bdy，需填形容詞形式。故填pwerful。
第二節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題;第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。
We are all faced with challenges in ur lives. Mst peple have a hard time accepting and dealing with them. The truth is that yu will have t deal with difficult prblems thrughut yur life. Here are sme tips n hw t deal with everyday challenges.
1. Dn’t cmpare yur lifestyle with thers. It is really difficult nt t cmpare urselves with thers; hwever, the mre ften we d that, the mre dissatisfied we will feel. There will be peple that may have accmplished mre than yu. The key thing t remember is that yu create yur wn stry and success in life.
2. Dn’t blame thers. Many peple make a habit f blaming thers fr all their prblems. They fail t take full respnsibility fr the decisins they have made in life. The mre yu blame thers fr the challenges yu are faced with, the mre yu will make peple dislike yu and nt want t be arund yu. The first thing yu want t d when faced with a persnal challenge is nt t start pinting fingers at thers.
3. Accept changes in yur life. Yu will have t deal with changes in life all the time. Many peple dn’t like change because it gets them utside f their cmfrt zne. Yu may be unhappy r happy at certain times; hwever, yu have t realize that thse tw feelings will nt last frever. Yu have t always train yur mind t be at peace despite the emtinal state yu are experiencing.
4. Dn’t think t much. When yu think t much abut an event that happened, yu will start t judge everything and everyne. When yu think t much, yu will have a very hard time accepting reality and yu will think that smething is nt right. Thinking t much can als lead yu nt t take actin n yur gal. This can make yu really sad in the lng run.
Life is full f its ups and dwns. With the right mindset and practice, yu will be able t vercme them every time and grw in the prcess!
50. What is the key thing t remember if yu want t stp cmparing yur lifestyle with thers?
______________________________________________________
51. What will happen if yu blame thers fr the challenges yu are faced with?
______________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
? Yu will feel sad because thinking t much makes yu refuse t accept reality.
______________________________________________________
53. What are the ther ways t deal with challenges in yur life? (In abut 40 wrds)
______________________________________________________
【答案】50. The key thing t remember is that yu create yur wn stry and success in life.
51. Yu will make peple dislike yu and nt want t be arund yu.
52. Yu will feel sad because thinking t much makes yu refuse t accept reality.
Yu will feel sad because thinking t much can als lead yu nt t take actin n yur gal. Because this can make yu really sad in the lng run.
53. When I face challenge, firstly, I try t keep calm s I have enugh time and energy t think. Then I encurage myself t take actin. Finally, I may cperate with thers because teamwrk is full f pwer.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。生活中充滿挑戰(zhàn)，文章介紹了面對挑戰(zhàn)的四種方法。
【50題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段中最后一句話“The key thing t remember is that yu create yur wn stry and success in life.”(關(guān)鍵是要記住，你要創(chuàng)造自己的人生故事和成功。) 可知，重要的是，你要創(chuàng)造自己的人生故事和成功。故答案為The key thing t remember is that yu create yur wn stry and success in life.
【51題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段“The mre yu blame thers fr the challenges yu are faced with, the mre yu will make peple dislike yu and nt want t be arund yu. ”(你越是把自己面臨的挑戰(zhàn)歸咎于別人，就越會讓別人不喜歡你，不想和你在一起。) 可知，當(dāng)你責(zé)備別人的時候，別人就會不喜歡你，不想和你在一起。故答案為Yu will make peple dislike yu and nt want t be arund yu.
【52題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thinking t much can als lead yu nt t take actin n yur gal. This can make yu really sad in the lng run.”(想太多也會導(dǎo)致你不為你的目標(biāo)采取行動。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，這會讓你很傷心。) 可知，想得太多會使自己不為你的目標(biāo)采取行動，并從長遠(yuǎn)來看會使你不開心。故答案為Yu will feel sad because thinking t much makes yu refuse t accept reality. Yu will feel sad because thinking t much can als lead yu nt t take actin n yur gal. Because this can make yu really sad in the lng run.
【53題詳解】
開放性試題。每個人都會有自己的方法。參考答案可以是面對困難，首先要保持冷靜，其次激勵自己；然后與他人合作，找到解決問題的辦法。故答案為When I face challenge, firstly, I try t keep calm s I have enugh time and energy t think. Then I encurage myself t take actin. Finally, I may cperate with thers because teamwrk is full f pwer.
第三節(jié)(20分)
54. 假如你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim發(fā)來郵件，表示他對自己的形象不滿，因此感到十分煩惱。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.提出建議。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
提示詞：形象、外貌lk
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’ m srry t hear that yu are upset abut yur image. I culd understand such kind f feeling as it nce happened t me. Nw, I’m writing t give yu sme advice t help yu get rid f the truble.
First f all, yu shuld build up yur self-cnfidence. Only when yu are cnfident will yu vercme the fear f yur lk. Secnd, yu shld keep it in mind that ne’s beauty lies in his spirit ther than appearance utside. What really matters is having a psitive value. Last but nt the least, yu’d better make the mst f yur gifts s as t imprve and make up fr yur weaknesses, which as a result will prmte yur self-cnfidence.
Hpefully, my advice will be f great benefit t yu. Lking frward t yur gd news.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Jim寫一封電子郵件，向他提出克服對個人形象不滿意的建議。
詳解】1. 詞匯積累
了解：hear → learn
情感，情緒：feeling → emtin
發(fā)生：happen → ccur
建議：advice → suggestins
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Nw, I’m writing t give yu sme advice t help yu get rid f the truble.
拓展句：Nw, I’m writing t give yu sme advice, which can help yu get rid f the truble.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Only when yu are cnfident will yu vercme the fear f yur lk.(運(yùn)用了倒裝句)
【高分句型2】What really matters is having a psitive value.(運(yùn)用了主語從句和動名詞短語作表語)
strategy demand majr rescue bviusly
addicted t apply fr lking frward t in ruins take cntrl f
injure arrange cnfident pwer create