2023年高考真題
Passage 1
【2023年全國乙卷】If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。
【12題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人曾經(jīng)有過文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。)”可推斷，作者認為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. (在英國方面，我們有科學(xué)報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看，我們只有一個木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知，作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D。
【14題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以cnversatin指的是“歷史”。故選B。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。)”結(jié)合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。
2023年名校模擬題
Passage 1
（2023·山東·山東省實驗中學(xué)?？级＃〥anne Prtugal intrduced a new ygurt named Junts. Fr every pack f ygurt that a persn bught, he wuld dnate ygurt t a family in need. Danne had dne its research. Increasingly, peple say they want t buy frm brands that give them a sense f purpse. Surely a ygurt that helped the needy wuld be appealing. But Junts was a failure. Despite sinking millins int a marketing campaign, Danne pulled Junts frm the market nly mnths after it was launched. Nw the same prduct is simply marketed as a tasty ygurt.
What happened? T find the reasn behind Junts’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his clleagues did an experiment where they shwed peple sme prducts and asked these peple t pick ne ptin. They reminded sme t fcus n the “purpseful and valuable” aspect while thers were tld t “enjy themselves” and fcus n “delight and pleasure.” They fund that participants wh priritized meaning preferred the less expensive prduct when cmpared with peple wh put pleasure in the first place.
S why were meaning-seekers cheaping ut? Lawrence Williams asked participants t explain their decisin-making t find ut. He learned that meaning-riented peple were nt thinking abut hw the prduct they might buy culd bring meaning t their lives. Instead, they were ccupied with what else they culd d with their mney.
I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. Thanks in part t fast fashin, peple buy 60 percent mre clthing tday than they did 15 years ag. The fashin industry alne emits mre greenhuse gases than internatinal flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping cmbined.
S befre yu dive int yur wallet fr sme deals, try nt t fix nly n what yu are spending r saving. Think carefully abut what yu are buying, t.
1．What is the main reasn fr the failure f Junts?
A．It ignred marketing strategies.B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly gd taste.D．It fcused n delight and pleasure.
2．What can be inferred abut meaning seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stres.B．They think prducts extend their lives.
C．They hesitate t make decisins.D．They make mre purchases with mney.
3．Hw is Paragraph 4 mainly develped?
A．By giving sme examples.B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasns.D．By making sme cmparisns.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Innvatin: a Prduct’s LifeB．T Buy r nt t Buy
C．Meaning seekers r Quality-pursuersD．Fast Fashin: a Hit t Yur Wallet
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章就通過消費來做有意義的事情，到底應(yīng)該買貴的還是廉價的產(chǎn)品進行討論。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Increasingly, peple say they want t buy frm brands that give them a sense f purpse. Surely a ygurt that helped the needy wuld be appealing. But Junts was a failure. (越來越多的人表示，他們想從那些給他們目標(biāo)感的品牌那里購買。當(dāng)然，幫助窮人的酸奶會很有吸引力。但Junts是個失敗者。)”和第二段“What happened? T find the reasn behind Junts’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his clleagues did an experiment where they shwed peple sme prducts and asked these peple t pick ne ptin. They reminded sme t fcus n the “purpseful and valuable” aspect while thers were tld t “enjy themselves” and fcus n “delight and pleasure.” They fund that participants wh priritized meaning preferred the less expensive prduct when cmpared with peple wh put pleasure in the first place. (發(fā)生了什么事?為了找出Junts失敗的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事們做了一個實驗，他們向人們展示了一些產(chǎn)品，并讓這些人選擇一種。他們提醒一些人專注于“有目的和有價值”的方面，而另一些人則被告知“享受自己”，專注于“快樂和樂趣”。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與把快樂放在首位的人相比，把意義放在首位的人更喜歡便宜的產(chǎn)品。)”可知，越來越多的人想從那些給他們目標(biāo)感的品牌那里購買（即購買便宜的產(chǎn)品），Junts失敗的主要原因是它的定價相對較高，所以買的人少，最后失敗了。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“S why were meaning-seekers cheaping ut? Lawrence Williams asked participants t explain their decisin-making t find ut. He learned that meaning-riented peple were nt thinking abut hw the prduct they might buy culd bring meaning t their lives. Instead, they were ccupied with what else they culd d with their mney. (那么，為什么尋求意義的人要買便宜的東西呢?為了找出答案，勞倫斯·威廉姆斯要求參與者解釋他們的決策。他了解到，以意義為導(dǎo)向的人不會考慮他們可能購買的產(chǎn)品如何給他們的生活帶來意義。相反，他們專注于思考自己的錢能帶來什么其他東西。)”可推測意義追求者專注于用錢買更多的東西，故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. (我完全支持人們做出明智和戰(zhàn)略性的財務(wù)選擇。但是廉價的產(chǎn)品會產(chǎn)生很多問題。便宜的選擇通常不會像高端的選擇持續(xù)那么久。結(jié)果，我們更頻繁地購物，這最終對我們的錢包更不利。此外，這種消費模式會對環(huán)境造成更大的破壞。)”可推斷作者通過解釋買廉價的產(chǎn)品會產(chǎn)生很多問題的原因來發(fā)展第四段，故選C。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第四段“I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. (我完全支持人們做出明智和戰(zhàn)略性的財務(wù)選擇。但是廉價的產(chǎn)品會產(chǎn)生很多問題。便宜的選擇通常不會像高端的選擇持續(xù)那么久。結(jié)果，我們更頻繁地購物，這最終對我們的錢包更不利。此外，這種消費模式會對環(huán)境造成更大的破壞。)”和最后一段“S befre yu dive int yur wallet fr sme deals, try nt t fix nly n what yu are spending r saving. Think carefully abut what yu are buying, t. (所以，在你為一些交易掏腰包之前，盡量不要只關(guān)注你花了多少錢或存了多少錢。也要仔細考慮你要買的東西。)”可知文章主要是對通過消費來做有意義的事情，到底應(yīng)該買貴的還是廉價的產(chǎn)品進行討論，C選項“意義追求者還是品質(zhì)追求者”符合文章主旨，故選C。
Passage 2
（2023·山東淄博·統(tǒng)考三模）There is n universally accepted age that is cnsidered ld amng r within scieties. Often disagreements exist as t what age a sciety may cnsider ld and what members in that sciety f that age and lder may cnsider ld. Mrever, bilgists are nt in agreement abut the existence f an internal bilgical cause fraging.
In general the scial status f an age grup is related t its effective influence in its sciety, which is assciated with that grup’s functin in prductivity. In agricultural scieties the elderly have a status f respectability. Their life experiences and knwledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚無文字的) scieties where knwledge is rally transmitted. The range f activities in these scieties allws the elderly t cntinue t be prductive members f their cmmunities.
In industrialized natins, althugh in certain fields ld age is still cnsidered significant, particularly in the plitical field, lder peple are increasingly being frced int retirement befre their prductive years are ver, causing prblems in their psychlgical adaptatins t ld age. Retirement is nt regarded unfavrably in all instances, but its ecnmic limitatins tend t further remve lder peple frm the range f influence and raise prblems in the extended use f leisure time and husing. As a cnsequence, financial preparatin fr retirement has becme an increased cncern fr individuals and sciety.
Familial relatinships tend t be the fcus f the elderly’s attentin. Hwever, the tendency fr yung peple in industrialized cuntries t be highly mbile has frced lder peple t decide whether t mve t keep up with their families r t remain in neighbrhds which als change, altering their familiar patterns f activity. Althugh mst lder peple d live within an hur frm their clsest child, industrialized scieties are faced with frmulating prgrams t accmmdate increasing numbers f lder peple wh functin independently f their families. Adult educatin prgrams are beginning t clse the generatin gap; hwever, as each successive generatin reaches ld age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new prblems arise requiring new scial accmmdatins.
5．What cunts fr the elderly in agricultural scieties?
A．Their status f respectability.B．Their value in prductivity.
C．Their rich knwledge in educatin.D．Their extrardinary ability t wrk.
6．What can we learn abut the elderly’s retirement frm Paragraph 3?
A．It has faded the elderly wrries.
B．It means the end f prductive ability.
C．It is cnsidered beneficial in all distances.
D．It influences the elderly psychlgically and financially.
7．What des the underlined wrd “frmulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Planning.B．Changing.
C．Extending.D．Canceling.
8．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A persnal jurnal.B．A science research.
C．A scial issue review.D．A cmmunity brchure.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章認為老年人的社會地位與其社會影響力有關(guān)，農(nóng)業(yè)社會中老年人憑借其生產(chǎn)力價值贏得尊重，但是工業(yè)化社會中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和財政上都受到影響，隨之而來的家庭生活問題亟待社會的解決方案。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“In agricultural scieties the elderly have a status f respectability. Their life experiences and knwledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚無文字的) scieties where knwledge is rally transmitted. The range f activities in these scieties allws the elderly t cntinue t be prductive members f their cmmunities.(在農(nóng)業(yè)社會中，老年人享有受人尊敬的地位。他們的生活經(jīng)驗和知識被認為是有價值的，特別是在尚無文字的社會，知識是口頭傳播的。這些社會中的活動范圍使老年人能夠繼續(xù)成為社區(qū)中有生產(chǎn)力的成員)”可知，在農(nóng)業(yè)社會老年人的生活經(jīng)驗和知識使他們依舊具有生產(chǎn)力價值，從而獲得尊敬。由此可知，生產(chǎn)力上的價值對于農(nóng)業(yè)社會的老年人很重要。故選B項。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“… lder peple are increasingly being frced int retirement befre their prductive years are ver, causing prblems in their psychlgical adaptatins t ld age. Retirement is nt regarded unfavrably in all instances, but its ecnmic limitatins tend t further remve lder peple frm the range f influence and raise prblems in the extended use f leisure time and husing. As a cnsequence, financial preparatin fr retirement has becme an increased cncern fr individuals and sciety.(……越來越多的老年人在他們的生產(chǎn)年齡結(jié)束之前就被迫退休，這給他們的老年心理適應(yīng)帶來了問題。退休并非在所有情況下都是不利的，但其經(jīng)濟上的限制往往進一步使老年人遠離影響的范圍，并在延長閑暇時間和住房的使用方面產(chǎn)生問題。因此，為退休做財務(wù)準(zhǔn)備已成為個人和社會日益關(guān)注的問題)”可知，退休問題會引起老年人的心理適應(yīng)問題，并在經(jīng)濟上限制老年人的活動和影響力，使其不得不做好財務(wù)準(zhǔn)備。因此，退休在心理和財政兩方面都影響著老年人。故選D項。
7．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Althugh mst lder peple d live within an hur frm their clsest child, industrialized scieties are faced with frmulating prgrams t accmmdate increasing numbers f lder peple wh functin independently f their families.(雖然大多數(shù)老年人住在離他們最近的孩子不到一小時的地方，但工業(yè)化社會正面臨著……計劃以容納越來越多的獨立于家庭生活的老年人的問題)”可知，此處前后有轉(zhuǎn)折，雖然大多數(shù)老年人的生活范圍離子女很近，但是越來越多的老年人獨立生活，這種情況需要社會制定計劃去解決。由此推知，frmulating意思是“制定”，與planning意思一致。故選A項。
8．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章從對老年人的定義的各種分歧引入話題，然后介紹了老年人的社會地位與其社會影響力有關(guān)，農(nóng)業(yè)社會中老年人憑借其生產(chǎn)力價值贏得尊重，但是工業(yè)化社會中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和財政上都受到影響，隨之而來的家庭生活問題亟待社會的解決方案。因此，文章聚焦的是社會問題和現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)該出自社會問題評論。故選C項。
Passage 3
（2023·河南鄭州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Sme experts have been cncerned lately abut rbts leaving humans behind, taking ur jbs and pssibly a lt mre, as in sci-fi films. Christ f Kch, a famus neurscientist (神經(jīng)學(xué)家), has suggested a nvel methd. T keep up with the machines, we shuld increase ur brainpwer with brain implants (植人物).
Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders. Future implants culd help us dwnlad huge amunts f infrmatin instantly, he says, s we can learn “nvel skills and facts withut even trying”. “Anther exciting aspect,” Kch says, “is cmbining tw r mre brains int a single cnscius mind by direct neurn-t-neurn links.” Kch calls fr a “crash prgram” in brain technlgies t make us smarter.
But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack (侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps. What if hackers culd attack ur brains? They may be able t spy n, change r cntrl the memries f peple implanted with brain devices. What’s mre, we are nwhere clse t being able t strengthen the brain in the manner that Kch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neur-technlgies fr mental illness fr mre than half a century, and they have little t shw fr it.
Kch genuinely feared that science, far frm addressing ur prblems, might exacerbate them. The use f rbts in the wrkshp, fr example, culd cause mass unemplyment. D we just cunt the immediate jb lsses—withut measuring any ther ptential psitive effect n the ecnmy? Despite lsing sme jbs t rbts in the shrt term, the increase in prductivity will help ur verall ecnmy grw faster, which, in turn, will create mre, higher quality jbs than we had befre.
The future is nt as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve gt serius prblems n ur hands, and we have a lt f wrk t d t settle them. Brain implants are nt the answer.
9．What leads t Kch’s ptimism abut future brain implants?
A．The great advance in AI research.
B．Their applicatin in medical fields.
C．The breakthrugh in surgical techniques.
D．Their easy adaptatin t the human bdy.
10．Hw des the authr feel abut Kch’s “crash prgram” in brain technlgies?
A．Disapprving.B．Uncncerned.C．Favrable.D．Excited.
11．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avid.B．Wrsen.C．Reduce.D．Answer.
12．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Are Brain Implants at Risk f Hacker Attack?
B．Will Rbts Take the Place f Humans in Future?
C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Nrmally?
D．D We Need Brain Implants t Keep Up with Rbts?
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了大腦植入是否能夠幫助我們解決技術(shù)所帶來的問題——機器人會把人類拋在后面，搶走我們的工作，甚至一切。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders. Future implants culd help us dwnlad huge amunts f infrmatin instantly, he says, s we can learn “nvel skills and facts withut even trying”.(科赫指出，大腦植入物已經(jīng)在幫助癱瘓或無法移動的人控制電腦和機器人，并且正在探索用于治療精神障礙。他說，未來的植入物可以幫助我們立即下載大量信息，這樣我們就可以“毫不費力地學(xué)習(xí)新的技能和事實”)”可知，科赫認為目前大腦植入物已經(jīng)在幫助癱瘓或無法移動的人控制電腦和機器人，并且正在探索用于治療精神障礙。所以他對于未來的大腦植入物能夠幫助我們毫不費力地學(xué)習(xí)新技能和事實抱有樂觀的態(tài)度。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack(侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps. What if hackers culd attack ur brains? They may be able t spy n, change r cntrl the memries f peple implanted with brain devices. What’s mre, we are nwhere clse t being able t strengthen the brain in the manner that Kch imagines.(但科赫忽略了一個顯而易見的事實：壞人可以侵入我們的智能手機和筆記本電腦。如果黑客可以攻擊我們的大腦呢？他們或許能夠監(jiān)視、改變或控制植入大腦設(shè)備的人的記憶。更重要的是，我們離能夠以科赫想象的方式增強大腦還差得很遠)”可知，作者對于科赫的想法是不贊同的。故選A。
11．詞義辨析題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“The use f rbts in the wrkshp, fr example, culd cause mass unemplyment.(例如，在車間使用機器人可能會導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè))”可知，在車間使用機器人會導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè)，也就是說在車間使用機器人只可能加劇問題而不是解決問題。所以劃線單詞和“加劇”意思相似。選項A“Avid (避免)”；選項B“Wrsen (惡化)”；選項C“Reduce (減少)”；選項D“Answer (回答)”。故選B。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Christ f Kch, a famus neurscientist(神經(jīng)學(xué)家), has suggested a nvel methd. T keep up with the machines, we shuld increase ur brainpwer with brain implants(植人物).(著名的神經(jīng)學(xué)家克里斯特·科赫提出了一種新方法。為了跟上機器的步伐，我們應(yīng)該通過植入大腦來提高我們的智力)”、第二段“Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders.(科赫指出，大腦植入物已經(jīng)在幫助癱瘓或無法移動的人控制電腦和機器人，并且正在探索用于治療精神障礙)”、第三段“But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack(侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps.(但科赫忽略了一個顯而易見的事實:壞人可以侵入我們的智能手機和筆記本電腦)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要討論了我們是否需要大腦植入物來跟上機器人。所以“D We Need Brain Implants t Keep Up with Rbts?( 我們需要大腦植入物來跟上機器人嗎?)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。
Passage 4
（2023·山西·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）What d yu want frm life? Perhaps yu want t spend mre time with yur family, r get a mre secure jb, r imprve yur health. But why d yu want thse things? Chances are that yur answer will cme dwn t ne thing: Happiness.
Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin. Mdern cnceptins f happiness are primarily practical, fcusing n what we might call the techniques f happiness. The cncern is nt what happiness is, but instead n hw t get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.
There are ther factrs as well. In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur uniquely human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.
But even that cannt guarantee happiness. Aristtle recgnised that ur happiness is hstage（人質(zhì)）t frtune. Events beynd any individual’s cntrl—war, pverty, and glbal pandemics—will ften make happiness impssible. Happiness is nt a mental state that can be permanently wn, but instead it’s a practice which we hne（磨練）, imperfectly, in circumstances nly partly f ur making.
Recgnizing this will nt secure a gd life, but it will avid the illusry（虛幻的）hpe f permanent cntentment. N life wrth living shuld meet the nly standard. Instead, aim with Aristtle t embrace thse faults and t flwer in spite f them.
13．Where can yu find negative effects f fcusing t much n “happiness”?
A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.
14．Hw des the authr prve that pain is an unavidable result f being alive?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By telling stries.
15．What is Aristtle’s view n happiness?
A．Happiness is a stable emtinal state.
B．Gd persnal relatinships lead t happiness.
C．Taking part in scial activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness prmtes independent thinking and reasning.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Happiness is what humans pursue frever.
B．Happiness lies in the prcess f pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit f happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depressin and happiness are equally imprtant.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．C
【導(dǎo)語】本篇是議論文。本文對于幸福的追求究竟是什么進行了闡述。得出的結(jié)論是：人們對于幸福的追求并不是完美的。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin.(然而，有證據(jù)表明，過度追求幸福與更大的抑郁風(fēng)險有關(guān))”可知，在第2段可以找到過于關(guān)注“幸?！钡呢撁嬗绊?。故選A項。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But maximizing pleasure isn’t the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.(但是最大化快樂并不是唯一的選擇。每個人的生活，即使是最幸運的人，也充滿了痛苦。痛苦的損失，痛苦的失望，身體上受傷或生病的痛苦，以及長期忍受無聊、孤獨或悲傷的精神痛苦。痛苦是活著不可避免的結(jié)果。生活中所有美好的事物都伴隨著苦難。寫小說、跑馬拉松或生孩子，都是為了追求最終的快樂結(jié)果而痛苦的)”可知，作者通過舉例來證明痛苦是活著不可避免的結(jié)果。故選C項。
15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur uniquely human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.(在亞里士多德看來，我們通過行使人類獨特的思考和推理能力來獲得幸福。但思考和推理既是個體活動，也是社會活動。幸福需要別人;與其說它是一種情感狀態(tài)，不如說是我們與他人培養(yǎng)的良好關(guān)系)”可知，在亞理士多德看來“幸福并不是個體的情感狀態(tài)，需要我們與他人培養(yǎng)良好的關(guān)系”。故選B項。
16．主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章第一段通過設(shè)問的方式引出話題；第二段指出，現(xiàn)如今人們過分追求幸福而產(chǎn)生的負面影響；第三至六段表明，過分追求幸福、將幸福最大化并不會帶來真正的快樂。因此，人們對于幸福的追求并不是完美的。故選C。
Passage 5
（2022·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）One f the ldest metaphrs (隱喻) fr human interactin with technlgy is the relatinship f master and slave. Aristtle imagined that technlgy culd replace slavery if machine became autmated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses f labrers are daily and hurly enslaved by the machine,” they wrte in the Cmmunist Manifest.
Tday, cmputers ften play bth rles. Nichlas Carr, in his new bk The Glass Cage: Autmatin and Us, takes a stand n whether such technlgy imprisns r liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility f ur high-tech traps gives us the ‘image f freedm’. He describes dctrs wh rely s much n decisin-assistance sftware that they verlk signals that are nt bvius frm patients.
All f this has bvius implicatins fr the use f technlgy in classrms: When d technlgies free students t think abut mre interesting and cmplex questins, and when d they destry the very cgnitive (認知) capacities that they are meant t imprve? The effect f spell check and AutCrrect sftware is an example. Psychlgists have fund the act f frming a wrd in yur mind strengthens yur capacity t remember it. When a cmputer autmatically crrects a spelling mistake, we’re n lnger frced t frm the crrect spelling in ur minds.
This might nt seem very imprtant. The prcess f wrd frmatin is nt just supplementing spelling skills, it’s als destrying students. When students find themselves withut autmated spelling assistance, they dn’t face the prspect f freezing t death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctined, but they’re mre likely t make errrs. This creates a vicius cycle: The mre we use the technlgy, the mre we need t use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, ur psitin as masters f technlgy starts t seem mre insecure.
17．What did Marx and Engels think f the machine?
A．It did the bring daily wrk fr peple.
B．It failed t free peple frm being enslaved.
C．It gave peple mre time t enjy themselves.
D．It was the result f the develpment f technlgy.
18．Which f the fllwing is Nichlas Carr mst likely t agree with?
A．Technlgy is a guarantee f freedm.
B．Dctrs shuld stay away frm technlgy.
C．T much invlvement with technlgy may be risky.
D．Sme decisin-assistance sftware needs imprving.
19．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph4 refer t?
A．Students being unable t spell wrds crrectly.
B．Spell check helping students remember mre wrds.
C．Students depending t much n spelling sftware.
D．Spellcheck destrying students’ cgnitive capacities.
20．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Is technlgy making peple stupid r nt?
B．Which areas are mst affected by technlgy?
C．Are peple satisfied with the advancement f technlgy?
D．Why shuldn’t technlgy be emplyed in the classrm?
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章探討了人類與科技之間的關(guān)系，究竟科技是被人很好的利用，還是人已經(jīng)成為了科技的奴隸。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Aristtle imagined that technlgy culd replace slavery if machine became autmated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses f labrers are daily and hurly enslaved by the machine,” they wrte in the Cmmunist Manifest.”（亞里士多德設(shè)想，如果機器變得自動化，技術(shù)可以取代奴隸制。馬克思和恩格斯的看法不同。他們在《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》中寫道：“大批工人每天每時都在被機器奴役?！保┛芍瑏喞锸慷嗟抡J為技術(shù)可以消除奴隸制，但馬克思和恩格斯持相反的觀點，認為人成為了機器的奴隸，即某種程度上來講并沒有真正地從“奴隸”中解放出來。故選B。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility f ur high-tech traps gives us the ‘image f freedm’. He describes dctrs wh rely s much n decisin-assistance sftware that they verlk signals that are nt bvius frm patients.”（他認為，我們的參與度越來越高，但高科技陷阱的不可見性給了我們“自由的形象”。他描述了那些過于依賴決策輔助軟件的醫(yī)生，他們忽視了病人身上不明顯的信號）可知，Nichlas Carr認為，過度依賴科技對工作的輔助，可能會使得進行工作的人忽視真正應(yīng)該關(guān)注的要點。由此推知，他可能會同意“過多地參與技術(shù)可能會有風(fēng)險”這一觀點。故選C。
19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“When a cmputer autmatically crrects a spelling mistake, we’re n lnger frced t frm the crrect spelling in ur minds.”（當(dāng)計算機自動糾正拼寫錯誤時，我們不再被迫在腦海中形成正確的拼寫）和第四段的“This might nt seem very imprtant. The prcess f wrd frmatin is nt just supplementing spelling skills, it’s als destrying students.(這似乎不是很重要。單詞的形成過程不僅是對拼寫技能的補充，也會毀了學(xué)生)”可知，第四段中的this指代的是學(xué)生無法正確地拼寫單詞的情況。即學(xué)生無法正確拼寫單詞似乎不是很重要，但單詞的形成過程是對拼寫的補充，如果沒有這個過程，對學(xué)生是一種極大的傷害。故選A。
20．主旨大意題。第一段提到本文認為的觀點“One f the ldest metaphrs (隱喻) fr human interactin with technlgy is the relatinship f master and slave.”（人類與技術(shù)互動的最古老的隱喻之一是主從關(guān)系）即技術(shù)應(yīng)該為人所用，而不是取代人的地位。第二段提到Nichlas Carr的觀點：依賴技術(shù)反而會忽略一些更重要的事情。第三、四段提到了技術(shù)在課堂上的使用會影響學(xué)生的認知能力，并且會讓學(xué)生更容易出錯，從而可能會形成一種惡性循環(huán)：出的錯越多，我們使用的技術(shù)就越多，使用的技術(shù)越多就越需要在各種不同的情況下使用它，可能會讓人失去一些思考的能力，使人變笨了，很有可能有一天人的地位會被技術(shù)所取代。A項“Is technlgy making peple stupid r nt?”（科技是否會讓人變笨?）該項符合文意。故選A。
Passage 6
（2022·湖北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）When I stepped int the Samcheng Park Library in Seul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selectin f bks and a cafe where readers culd enjy cffee while gazing at the leaves utside. It was specifically designed withut any latest technlgy.
“What’s s innvative abut that?” a librarian in Trnt asked when I shwed her pictures. I Innvatin t her meant digital technlgy, like 3D printers. “Why culdn’t they bth be innvative?” I asked.
We are cnstantly tld that innvatin is the mst imprtant frce in ur ecnmy, withut which we wuld be left behind. But that fear f missing ut has led us t fall int the false trappings f innvatin ver truly innvative ideas that may be simpler and mre effective. This mindset implies that if yu just buy the new thing, yu have innvated! Each year, businesses and individuals run arund like brken ty rbts, trying t figure ut their strategy fr the latest buzzwrd equipment.
At best, this is a waste f resurces. Devices are bught, used and abandned, as the technlgy’s capabilities fall shrt f its prmise. But at its wrst, this apprach can truly cause damage. Schls cut field trips t purchase tablets with few prven benefits. Cmpanies that applied AI int hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innvatin isn’t just sme magic devices. It is a cntinuing prcess f reflectin and reassessment, which ften means adpting “l(fā)d” ideas and tls in a new cntext, r even returning t methds that wrked in the past. Adjusted prperly, these rearview (后視的) innvatins have prved as transfrmative as nvel technlgies.
Lk n farther than the streets f New Yrk, which have been redesigned recently t accmmdate cyclists with car-free znes. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ag, with the aim f bringing cities back t their residents. And while e-reader sales have been explding, Penguin just annunced it wuld publish tiny printed bks, an ideal slutin fr a market demanding bth cnvenience and physicality.
21．Hw des the authr like abut the Samcheng Park Library in Seul?
A．Unexceptinal.B．Bring.
C．Refreshing.D．Old-fashined.
22．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．Innvatin is imprtant fr the grwth f ecnmy.
B．The public has misread the meaning f innvatin.
C．The true meaning f innvatin is t buy new things.
D．Truly innvative ideas shuldn’t be simple and effective.
23．What des the writer agree with abut innvatin?
A．Wasting resurces are a must fr innvatin.
B．Magic devices encurage innvatin.
C．Innvatin shuld be human-centered.
D．The pwer f technlgy is undervalued.
24．What is the writing purpse f the text?
A．T cnvince peple f the true meaning f innvatin.
B．T shw that future lies in returning t the past.
C．T intrduce sme best ideas abut innvatin.
D．T stress the imprtant rle innvatin plays in ecnmy.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是什么是真正的創(chuàng)新。
21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“When I stepped int the Samcheng Park Library in Seul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selectin f bks and a cafe where readers culd enjy cffee while gazing at the leaves utside. (當(dāng)我走進首爾三清公園圖書館時，我看到了未來。這座簡單的建筑里有很好的書籍選擇和一個咖啡館，讀者可以一邊喝咖啡，一邊凝視著外面的樹葉。)”可知， 作者覺得首爾三清公園圖書館是讓人耳目一新。故選C。
22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“But that fear f missing ut has led us t fall int the false trappings f innvatin ver truly innvative ideas that may be simpler and mre effective. (但是，對錯過的恐懼使我們陷入了創(chuàng)新的虛假陷阱，而不是真正創(chuàng)新的想法，這些想法可能更簡單、更有效。)”可知， 第三段主要講的是公眾誤讀了創(chuàng)新的含義。故選B。
23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Lk n farther than the streets f New Yrk, which have been redesigned recently t accmmdate cyclists with car-free znes. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ag, with the aim f bringing cities back t their residents. And while e-reader sales have been explding, Penguin just annunced it wuld publish tiny printed bks, an ideal slutin fr a market demanding bth cnvenience and physicality. (看看紐約的街道就知道了，這些街道最近被重新設(shè)計，為騎自行車的人提供了無車區(qū)。這個想法并不新鮮。它是半個世紀(jì)前創(chuàng)建的，目的是把城市帶回給居民。當(dāng)電子閱讀器的銷量呈爆炸式增長時，企鵝公司剛剛宣布將出版小型紙質(zhì)書，這是一個既要求方便又要求實物的市場的理想解決方案。)”可知，作者同意的觀點是創(chuàng)新要以人為本。故選C。
24．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段的“True innvatin isn’t just sme magic devices. It is a cntinuing prcess f reflectin and reassessment, which ften means adpting “l(fā)d” ideas and tls in a new cntext, r even returning t methds that wrked in the past. Adjusted prperly, these rearview (后視的) innvatins have prved as transfrmative as nvel technlgies. (真正的創(chuàng)新不只是一些神奇的裝置。這是一個持續(xù)的反思和重新評估的過程，這通常意味著在新的環(huán)境中采用“舊”的思想和工具，甚至回到過去有效的方法。經(jīng)過適當(dāng)調(diào)整，這些后視鏡創(chuàng)新已被證明與新技術(shù)一樣具有變革性。)”可知，本文主要論述的是什么是真正的創(chuàng)新，因此目的是讓人們相信創(chuàng)新的真諦。故選A。
Passage 7
（2022·湖北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）A measure in the Huse’s $ 2 trillin ecnmic bill wuld require states t cut greenhuse gas emissins (排放) prmising rewards fr transprtatin departments that pst reductins and “cnsequences” fr thse that dn’t.
Peter A．DeFazi, chairman f the Transprtatin Cmmittee, said the prpsal is designed t push states t act. “We’re ging t give them very large mtivatin t actually make thse meaningful targets and deliver n thse targets,” he said. Accrding t the prpsal, states that cut emissins culd get a $ 1 billin pt f mney and ptentially receive ther bnus funding frm the federal gvernment. The bill desn’t spell ut ptential cnsequences fr nt reducing emissins, leaving the decisin t natinal transprtatin fficials. Experts say they culd include barriers t accessing highly prized grant funds (撥款).
Much f the attentin n cutting emissins frm the transprt industry-the natin’s largest emitter f greenhuse gases-has fcused n the adptin f electric vehicles by putting mney in charging factries and supprting battery-pwered cars. The new measure sides with envirnmental advcates wh argue the natin can’t battle a changing climate withut changing hw Americans mve arund. Envirnmentalists say the natin’s changing t electric vehicles prbably wn’t happen quickly enugh t limit temperature rises unless Americans can be cnvinced t drive less, and that wuld mean building new netwrks fcused n walking, cycling and transit (運輸).
Oppsitin t the emissin measure is deep-seated. The heads f five western state transprtatin departments wrte a letter t Capitl’s cmmittee last mnth saying the prpsal wuld harm rural areas because ptins such as heavy-traffic pricing are nt well-suited t places which are ppulated in few peple, and it desn’t make sense t target thse state agencies when there are multiple reasns that influence emissins, including fuel ecnmy standards fr cars and lcal decisins abut where t build stres and hmes.
Kevin DeGd, a transprtatin researcher, said basic cnstructin shape hw peple can get arund. “It is funny that the state transprtatin departments suggest in the letter that they d nt deeply influence greenhuse gas emissins frm the transprtatin industry,” he said.
25．Hw des the gvernment prvide mtivatin?
A．By praising.B．By punishing.
C．By financing.D．By restricting.
26．What is an intended result f the bill?
A．Greatly changed climate.B．Mre cnvenient stres.
C．Stable fuel ecnmy standards.D．Ec-friendly transprt system.
27．Why did sme states mentin heavy-traffic pricing?
A．T ppse the emissin measure.B．T intrduce slutins t emissin.
C．T call fr attentin t rural areas.D．T list several reasns fr emissin.
28．What’s Kevin’s attitude twards the letter in paragraph 4?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.
C．Shcked.D．Cnfident.
【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，美國國會通過一項議案，敦促各州削減溫室氣體的排放。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Accrding t the prpsal, states that cut emissins culd get a $ 1 billin pt f mney and ptentially receive ther bnus funding frm the federal gvernment. (根據(jù)該提案，減排的州可以獲得10億美元的資金，并可能從聯(lián)邦政府獲得其他獎金。)”可知，政府通過獎勵10億美元和其他可能的津貼資助來提供激勵。故選C。
26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Much f the attentin n cutting emissins frm the transprt industry-the natin’s largest emitter f greenhuse gases-has fcused n the adptin f electric vehicles by putting mney in charging factries and supprting battery-pwered cars. The new measure sides with envirnmental advcates wh argue the natin can’t battle a changing climate withut changing hw Americans mve arund. (作為美國最大的溫室氣體排放國，運輸業(yè)對減排的關(guān)注主要集中在通過向充電工廠投入資金和支持電池驅(qū)動的汽車來采用電動汽車上。這項新措施站在環(huán)保倡導(dǎo)者一邊，他們認為，如果不改變美國人的出行方式，美國就無法應(yīng)對不斷變化的氣候。)”可知，該法案旨在削減溫室氣體排放，主要針對交通行業(yè)，故法案推行的結(jié)果必然是交通系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變成生態(tài)友好型的。故選D。
27．推理判斷題。第四自然段第一句“Oppsitin t the emissin measure is deep-seated. (對排放措施的反對根深蒂固。)”是該段的主旨句，指出美國各州對削減溫室氣體排放措施的反對是根深蒂固的。后面所列舉的5個西部州以高額交通稅為名反對該法案。故選A。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Kevin DeGd, a transprtatin researcher, said basic cnstructin shape hw peple can get arund. “It is funny that the state transprtatin departments suggest in the letter that they d nt deeply influence greenhuse gas emissins frm the transprtatin industry,” he said. (交通研究人員Kevin DeGd說，基本的建筑決定了人們出行的方式。他說：“有趣的是，州交通部門在信中表示，他們并沒有對交通行業(yè)的溫室氣體排放產(chǎn)生深刻影響?！?”可知，Kevin在評價五個西部州在信中的觀點時用了funny(滑稽的；搞笑的)一詞，以及他說的“他們并沒有對交通行業(yè)的溫室氣體排放產(chǎn)生深刻影響”可以看出他對于第四段中五個州交通部門寫的信持“不贊成”的態(tài)度。故選B。
Passage 8
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模擬預(yù)測）Thanks t in-depth reprting by The Wall Street Jurnal, we nw knw that Facebk has lng been aware its prduct Instagram has harmful effects n the mental health f many adlescent users. Yung girls, in particular, struggle with their bdy image thanks t a cnstant stream f phts and vides shwing beautiful bdies that users dn’t think they can attain.
While the infrmatin the jurnal cvered is essential and instructive, it des nt tell the whle stry. Deep dwn, this is nt an Instagram prblem; it’s a peple prblem. Understanding that distinctin can make the difference between a failed attempt t cntain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying prblem leading t mental distress caused by Instagram.
Critics were quick t shame Facebk fr sitting n the data and nt releasing it t researchers r academics wh asked fr it. Others criticize the scial media giant fr nt using the research t create a safer experience fr its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant t defend Facebk, I’m nt sure it’s reasnable t blame the cmpany fr refusing t give data that wuld hurt its business. Have yu ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure yu it wasn’t a healthy endeavr. Yu were inactive, likely did nthing prductive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t g utside fr fresh air. It is an bjectively harmful use f time t stare at a TV r laptp fr a full weekend. Shuld we respnd by shaming Netflix fr nt alerting us t hw damaging an addictive prduct can be?
While it’s reasnable t say Instagram makes esteem issues wrse, it is almst impssible t believe it causes them in the first place. Yu create yur wn experiences n scial media. Fr the mst part, yu chse which accunts t fllw and engage. If yu’re already vulnerable t insecurities and self-sabtage (自損) — as many teens are — yu will find accunts t bsess ver. And this isn’t a new phenmenn.
Befre scial media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, mvies r televisin shws depicting difficult-t-attain bdies, there has been a relatively steady chrus f experts nting the damage new media culd cause yung viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — ne that’s independent f scial media use. Instagram merely enhances thse feelings because it prvides infinitely mre access t triggers than lder frms f media. It’s mre wrthwhile t address thse underlying factrs rather than t attack Facebk.
29．What des the authr think f the criticisms against Instagram?
A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.
B．They are nt directed at the fundamental prblem.
C．They are nly based n the data released by Facebk.
D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.
30．Why is Netflix mentined?
A．T defend why Facebk is t blame.
B．T shw Netflix des mre harm t teens.
C．T suggest the critics’ remarks are nt t the pint.
D．T cmpare the criticisms against it and Facebk.
31．Why is the Instagram prblem essentially a “peple prblem”?
A．Peple have a tendency t feel insecure nline.
B．Peple are keen n making up their self-prfile.
C．It is human nature t get addicted t scial media.
D．Users decide n their experiences n scial media.
32．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebk.
B．The harmful impact f Instagram n teenagers.
C．The alarming nline habits f teenagers wrldwide.
D．The rt f mental sufferings caused by Instagram.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．D 32．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇議論文?！度A爾街日報》報道中，Instagram對許多青少年用戶的心理健康產(chǎn)生有害影響。但在作者看來，這是其誘發(fā)用戶精神緊張，放大了自身的自尊問題所致，本質(zhì)上是人的問題。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Critics were quick t shame Facebk fr sitting n the data and nt releasing it t researchers r academics wh asked fr it. Others criticize the scial media giant fr nt using the research t create a safer experience fr its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批評人士很快就指責(zé) Facebk擱置數(shù)據(jù)，不向要求提供數(shù)據(jù)的研究人員或?qū)W者提供數(shù)據(jù)。其他人批評這家社交媒體巨頭沒有利用這項研究為青少年用戶創(chuàng)造更安全的體驗。這種憤怒雖然可以理解，但卻不恰當(dāng))”可推知，作者認為對Instagram的批評并沒有指向根本問題。故選B項。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“While I’m reluctant t defend Facebk, I’m nt sure it’s reasnable t blame the cmpany fr withhlding data that wuld hurt its business.(雖然我不愿意為Facebk辯護，但我不確定指責(zé)該公司隱瞞可能損害其業(yè)務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)是否合理)”及“Have yu ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure yu it wasn’t a healthy endeavr. Yu were in active, likely did nthing prductive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t g utside fr fresh air. It is an bjectively harmful use f time t stare at a TV r laptp fr a full weekend. Shuld we respnd by shaming Netflix fr nt alerting us t hw damaging an addictive prduct can be?(你曾經(jīng)瘋狂地看Netflix的電視劇嗎?我向你保證這不是一個健康的嘗試。你很活躍，可能沒有做任何有成效的事情，漫無目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鮮空氣。整個周末盯著電視或筆記本電腦，客觀上是一種有害的時間利用。作為回應(yīng)，我們是否應(yīng)該羞辱Netflix，因為它沒有提醒我們這種令人上癮的產(chǎn)品有多大的危害？)”可推知，Netflix被提及是為了表明我們受到網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響很大原因是自己產(chǎn)生的，不能完全怪罪于網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，Instagram也一樣，作者在此表明批評者的言論并沒有指出問題。故選C項。
31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Yu create yur wn experiences n scial media. Fr the mst part, yu chse which accunts t fllw and engage. If yu’re already vulnerable t insecurities and self-sabtage (自損) — as many teens are — yu will find accunts t bsess ver. And this isn’t a new phenmenn.(你在社交媒體上創(chuàng)造自己的體驗。在大多數(shù)情況下，你可以選擇關(guān)注和參與哪些賬戶。如果你已經(jīng)很容易受到不安全感和自我破壞的影響——就像許多青少年一樣——你會找到一些讓你著迷的賬戶。這并不是一個新現(xiàn)象)”可知，Instagram問題本質(zhì)上是“人的問題”是因為用戶在社交媒體上決定自己的體驗，不是Instagram產(chǎn)生了這些問題。故選D項。
32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Deep dwn，this is nt an Instagram prblem; it’s a peple prblem.(實際上，這不是Instagram 的問題；這是人的問題)”及最后一段“Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — ne that’s independent f scial media use. Instagram merely enhances thse feelings because it prvides infinitely mre access t triggers than lder frms f media.(自尊問題有一個潛在的原因，這個原因與社交媒體的使用無關(guān)。Instagram只是增強了這些感覺，因為它比舊的媒體形式提供了無限多的接觸觸發(fā)器的途徑)”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者認為Instagram對于青少年用戶產(chǎn)生心理影響，是其誘發(fā)精神緊張，放大自身的自尊問題所致。由此可知，文章主要論述了Instagram造成精神痛苦的根源。故選D項。
Passage 9
（2023·廣東韶關(guān)·統(tǒng)考二模）Many f us seem t have lives that fllw a certain path. Frm kindergarten all the way t marriage, every stage f ur lives seems t be preset. Althugh this wrks well fr many peple, accrding t British mtivatinal philspher Jay Shetty, there is n “right” schedule t live ur lives by.
A few mnths ag, a vide f Shetty’s speech Befre Yu Feel Pressure went viral n the Internet acrss the wrld. In the vide, he sends an imprtant message that we shuld think “utside f the path” and have the curage t fllw ur hearts. Shetty adds that, we dn’t have t get stressed and put urselves in a race with ur peers r judge ur lives based n thers. Everything in life happens accrding t ur time, ur clcks.
In his inspiring speech, Shetty pints ut that UK authr J. K. Rwling gt her famus Harry Ptter series published at age 32, after being turned dwn by 12 publishers. Shetty als mentins that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Grup until he was 35 and US actr Mrgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years ld.
We shuldn’t let anyne rush us. As Albert Einstein nce said, “Nt everything that cunts can be cunted, and nt everything that’s cunted truly cunts. ”
The key t staying n ur wn tracks is t be patient and embrace ur wn passins. In Australian nurse Brnnie Ware’s best-selling bk, she recrded the regrets f her dying patients, and the tp ne n the list was, “I wish l had the curage t live a life true t myself, nt the ne thers expected f me.” Indeed, we are all unique in ur persnalities and gifts, and there’s n perfect fit fr all. We shuld listen t ur inner vices and unlearn what the wrld has taught us.
“It is imprtant t allw peple t g back t being self-aware f their wn interests, needs and cncerns”, Shetty tld Natinal Gegraphic. “It’s discnnecting frm what ‘makes sense’ t what actually mves yu and what makes sense internally.”
33．What is many peple’s life path like accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．It suits everyne fine.
B．It is preset by parents.
C．It includes tw majr stages.
D．It seems t be a fixed pattern.
34．What des Shetty want t cnvey in the vide?
A．Run yur wn race.
B．Fllw the preset path.
C．Think utside the bx.
D．Integrate ur ideas with thers’.
35．Hw des Shetty prve his idea in Paragraph 3?
A．By using qutes.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making cmparisn.
D．By analyzing figures.
36．Which statement des the authr mst prbably agree with?
A．Accept what thers teach us.
B．Stick t ur wn internal thughts.
C．Live up t thers’ expectatins f us.
D．Reflect n what we underg in ur life.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了我們的人生不應(yīng)該遵循固定的模式，我們應(yīng)該傾聽自己內(nèi)心的聲音，堅持我們自己內(nèi)心的想法，走我們自己的人生道路。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Many f us seem t have lives that fllw a certain path. Frm kindergarten all the way t marriage, every stage f ur lives seems t be preset.”（我們中的許多人的生活似乎都遵循著某種道路。從幼兒園到結(jié)婚，我們生活的每一個階段似乎都是預(yù)設(shè)的。）可知，我們許多人的生活似乎都遵循著某種道路，似乎都是預(yù)設(shè)好的，由此可知，根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知許多人的人生道路似乎是一種固定的模式。故選D項。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“In the vide, he sends an imprtant message that we shuld think “utside f the path” and have the curage t fllw ur hearts. Shetty adds that, we dn’t have t get stressed and put urselves in a race with ur peers r judge ur lives based n thers. Everything in life happens accrding t ur time, ur clcks.”（在視頻中，他發(fā)出了一個重要信息，即我們應(yīng)該“跳出道路”思考，并有勇氣追隨自己的內(nèi)心。Shetty補充道，我們不必感到壓力，不必讓自己與同齡人競爭，也不必根據(jù)他人來判斷自己的生活。生活中的一切都是根據(jù)我們的時間和時鐘發(fā)生的。）可知，Shetty在視頻中建議我們追隨自己的內(nèi)心生活，不必根據(jù)他人來判斷自己的生活，由此可知，Shetty想要在視頻中傳達“按照自己的節(jié)奏生活”這一想法。故選A項。
35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“In his inspiring speech, Shetty pints ut that UK authr J. K. Rwling gt her famus Harry Ptter series published at age 32, after being turned dwn by 12 publishers. Shetty als mentins that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Grup until he was 35 and US actr Mrgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years ld.”（Shetty在鼓舞人心的演講中指出，英國作家J·K·羅琳在32歲時出版了她著名的《哈利·波特》系列叢書，此前她被12家出版商拒絕。Shetty還提到，中國商人馬云直到35歲才創(chuàng)辦阿里巴巴集團，而美國演員Mrgan Freeman直到52歲才獲得重大突破。）可知，Shetty在第三段中列舉了英國作家J·K·羅琳、中國商人馬云和美國演員Mrgan Freeman的例子來證明他的想法，由此可知，Shetty在第三段中通過舉例說明來證明他的想法。故選B項。
36．推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Indeed, we are all unique in ur persnalities and gifts, and there’s n perfect fit fr all. We shuld listen t ur inner vices and unlearn what the wrld has taught us.”（事實上，我們每個人的個性和天賦都是獨一無二的，沒有適合所有人的。我們應(yīng)該傾聽自己內(nèi)心的聲音，忘記世界教會我們的東西。）可知，作者認為我們應(yīng)該傾聽自己內(nèi)心的聲音，堅持我們自己的內(nèi)心想法，走我們自己的人生道路，結(jié)合選項可知，作者最有可能同意的說法是“堅持我們自己的內(nèi)心想法”。故選B項。
Passage 10
（2023·江西贛州·統(tǒng)考二模）Sleep is reparative. Because we need t repair a lt while we sleep, it’s imprtant t get quality sleep.
Mst f us functin better in the daytime with rutines. We als functin better at night with a rutine because we want t keep pace with ur natural bdy rhythms. Each persn’s rutine may be different — sme peple wash their face at night, and sme take a bath — just make sure it is a rutine. That’s true during the week and n the weekend; cnsistency matters. Have a winding dwn, getting ready fr sleep rutine, and carry that ut at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slw yu dwn fr sleep. That may be reading, listening t music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while als being cnstructive r healthy.
Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. This is ne f the key reasns why we sleep better in a cler envirnment. If yur skin temperature increases and yur rm is already a bit warm, yu will be t ht t sleep well.
The exact temperature is a persnal matter. The key is that it’s mre tward cl than ht. Many cnsider 68 degrees an envirnment that’s neither s cld we shiver nr s ht we sweat. But there’s n scientific evidence fr an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine.
37．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．A rutine can be helpful in getting quality sleep.
B．It’s best t avid screens befre yu g t bed.
C．Higher quality f sleep leads t better mental health.
D．Listening t music makes it difficult t stay asleep.
38．What will happen when peple relax during sleep at night?
A．They’ll take mre regular breaths.B．They’ll feel cler than in the day.
C．Their skin temperature will rise.D．They will nt get enugh xygen.
39．What main pint des the authr want t make in the last paragraph?
A．Gd sleep can be made at any time.B．Sleep is imprtant fr many reasns.
C．Try t develp gd sleep habits nw.D．Lst sleep makes n difference t peple.
40．What’s the structure f the text?
A．B．
C．D．
【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，高質(zhì)量的睡眠至關(guān)重要，作者在文章中主要論述了養(yǎng)成良好的睡前讓自己放松的習(xí)慣并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行、保持涼爽的溫度有益于提高睡眠質(zhì)量。
37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Mst f us functin better in the daytime with rutines. We als functin better at night with a rutine because we want t keep pace with ur natural bdy rhythms. Each persn’s rutine may be different-sme peple wash their face at night, and sme take a bath-just make sure it is a rutine. That’s true during the week and n the weekend; cnsistency matters. (我們大多數(shù)人在白天按照習(xí)慣就會表現(xiàn)更好。我們在晚上按照習(xí)慣也會更好，因為我們想要跟上我們自然的身體節(jié)奏。每個人的習(xí)慣可能是不同的——有些人晚上洗臉，有些人洗澡——只要確保這是一種習(xí)慣。工作日和周末都是如此；一致性很重要。)”可知，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣有助于獲得高質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選A。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. (通常情況下，人們在睡覺時會放松，往往會放慢一切。當(dāng)他們放松時，他們會深呼吸，增加氧氣流量，從而提高皮膚溫度。)”可知，當(dāng)人們在晚上睡覺時放松，他們的皮膚溫度會升高。故選C。
39．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine. (歸根結(jié)底，出于多種原因，睡眠絕對至關(guān)重要。它幫助我們修復(fù)和恢復(fù)活力，這樣我們就可以對抗感染，集中注意力，調(diào)節(jié)我們的情緒，為自己和我們生活中的人出現(xiàn)，并且基本上像人類一樣發(fā)揮作用。我們無法彌補失去的睡眠，這與許多夜貓子的想法相反。所以，現(xiàn)在真的是時候了，我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能來促進最好的睡眠，從涼爽的房間和放松的就寢時間開始。)”可知，作者闡述良好睡眠的諸多益處，并且指出失去的睡眠是無法彌補的，并由此得出結(jié)論：從現(xiàn)在開始，盡我們所能來促進最好的睡眠，從涼爽的房間和放松的就寢時間開始；由此可知，作者在最后一段要闡述的主要觀點是現(xiàn)在就努力養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠習(xí)慣。故選C。
40．推理判斷題。在文章第一段“Sleep is reparative. Because we need t repair a lt while we sleep, it’s imprtant t get quality sleep. (睡眠是修復(fù)性的。因為我們需要在睡覺時修復(fù)很多東西，所以獲得高質(zhì)量的睡眠很重要。)”作者闡述了高質(zhì)量睡眠的重要性；由第二段中“Have a winding dwn, getting ready fr sleep rutine, and carry that ut at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slw yu dwn fr sleep. That may be reading, listening t music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while als being cnstructive r healthy. (有一個放松下來，準(zhǔn)備睡覺的程序，每天晚上在同一時間進行。找一些能讓你放松的事情，讓你慢慢入睡?？梢允情喿x、聽音樂、冥想、祈禱——任何既放松又有益健康的事情。)”可知第二段闡述了養(yǎng)成良好的睡前讓自己放松的一些習(xí)慣并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量；第三段“Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. This is ne f the key reasns why we sleep better in a cler envirnment. If yur skin temperature increases and yur rm is already a bit warm, yu will be t ht t sleep well. (通常情況下，人們會在睡前放松，并傾向于放慢一切。當(dāng)他們放松時，他們會深呼吸，增加氧氣流量，從而提高皮膚溫度。這就是為什么我們在涼爽的環(huán)境中睡得更好的關(guān)鍵原因之一。如果你的皮膚溫度升高，而你的房間已經(jīng)有點熱了，你就會熱得睡不好覺。)”以及第四段“The exact temperature is a persnal matter. The key is that it’s mre tward cl than ht. Many cnsider 68 degrees an envirnment that’s neither s cld we shiver nr s ht we sweat. But there’s n scientific evidence fr an exact, perfect sleeping temperature. (確切的溫度是個人問題。關(guān)鍵是它更傾向于冷而不是熱。許多人認為68度的環(huán)境既不會冷到讓人發(fā)抖，也不會熱到讓人出汗。但是沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)證明一個精確的、完美的睡眠溫度。)”闡述了睡覺放松時人們皮膚溫度會升高，涼爽的環(huán)境有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量；在文章最后一段“At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine. (歸根結(jié)底，出于多種原因，睡眠絕對至關(guān)重要。它幫助我們修復(fù)和恢復(fù)活力，這樣我們就可以對抗感染，集中注意力，調(diào)節(jié)我們的情緒，為自己和我們生活中的人出現(xiàn)，并且基本上像人類一樣發(fā)揮作用。我們無法彌補失去的睡眠，這與許多夜貓子的想法相反。所以，現(xiàn)在真的是時候了，我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能來促進最好的睡眠，從涼爽的房間和放松的就寢時間開始。)”作者闡述良好睡眠的諸多益處，并且指出失去的睡眠是無法彌補的；并對自己的觀點進行總結(jié)：從現(xiàn)在開始養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，從涼爽的房間和放松的就寢習(xí)慣開始；由此可知，本文為總——分——總結(jié)構(gòu)，其中第二段闡述了養(yǎng)成良好的睡前讓自己放松的一些習(xí)慣并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量；第三、四段闡述了涼爽的溫度有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量；A選項符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。

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