? 北京亦莊實驗中學2021級高二及2019級直升高二第5學段
英語教與學質(zhì)量診斷
總分：100分
第一部分 詞匯（共18分）
一、用方框內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空。（共10分，每題1分）
選詞填空
informative attain refill forecast threaten

1. The report __________ that prices will rise by 3% next month.
2. Most of the students __________ five “A” grades in their final exams.
3. Make sure that the bottle is completely empty before it __________.
4. People are becoming more aware of the dangers __________ the environment.
5. I am a faithful reader of this newspaper because it is much __________ than others.
【答案】1. forecasts
2. attained
3. is refilled
4. threatening
5. more informative
【解析】
【1題詳解】
考查謂語動詞。句意：報告預測下個月物價將上漲3%。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“預報”應為forecast，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為謂語動詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處描述的是客觀事實，所以此處使用一般現(xiàn)在時，forecast與句子主語the report之間為主動關系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填forecasts。
【2題詳解】
考查謂語動詞。句意：大多數(shù)學生在期末考試中得了五個“A”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“獲得”應為attain，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為謂語動詞，結(jié)合時間狀語in their final exams可知，此處應使用一般過去時，attain與句子主語Most of the students之間為主動關系。故填attained。
【3題詳解】
考查謂語動詞。句意：在重新裝瓶之前，要確保瓶子完全空了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“重裝”應為refill，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為謂語動詞，根據(jù)主句中的謂語動詞make和is可知，此處應使用一般現(xiàn)在時，refill與句子主語it之間為被動關系，且句子主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is refilled。
【4題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：人們越來越意識到威脅環(huán)境的危險。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“威脅”應為threaten，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語，threaten與邏輯主語dangers之間為主動關系，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填threatening。
【5題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我是這份報紙的忠實讀者，因為它比其他報紙信息量大得多。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“信息量大的”為informative，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為形容詞作表語，根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應使用形容詞的比較級。故填more informative。
選詞填空
scene terrify incredible academy embarrass

6. Being caught in a flood is __________ dangerous.
7. His ignorant behavior at the dinner table caused much __________.
8. Beijing is famous for its __________ spots that attract tons of tourists each year.
9. I have to plan my __________ work very carefully and set myself clear goals to get my degree in chemistry at university.
10. A lot of clever people are __________ about AI, fearing that robots will one day become so smart that they’ll murder all of us.
【答案】6. incredibly
7. embarrassment
8. scenic 9. academic
10. terrified
【解析】
【6題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：被洪水困住是非常危險的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為副詞作狀語修飾形容詞dangerous，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“非常地”應為形容詞incredible的副詞incredibly。故填incredibly。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：他在餐桌上無知的行為使他很尷尬。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為名詞作賓語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“尷尬”應為動詞embarrass的名詞embarrassment，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故填embarrassment。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：北京以其風景名勝而聞名，每年吸引大量的游客。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為形容詞作定語修飾名詞spots，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“風景優(yōu)美的”應為名詞scene的形容詞scenic，scenic spots意為“旅游景點”符合句意。故填scenic。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我必須非常仔細地計劃我的學術工作，為自己設定明確的目標，以便在大學獲得化學學位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為形容詞修飾名詞work，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“學術的”應為名詞academy的形容詞academic。故填academic。
【10題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：許多聰明人對人工智能感到恐懼，擔心機器人有一天會變得如此聰明，以至于它們會殺死我們所有人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為形容詞作表語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“感到恐懼的”應為動詞terrify的形容詞terrified，be terrified about意為“對……感到恐懼”符合句意。故填terrified。
二、根據(jù)提示翻譯句子。（共8分，每題2分）
11. 如果我裝作沒有認出你，不要驚訝。(pretend)(漢譯英)
【答案】Don’t be surprised if I pretend not to recognize you.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語、時態(tài)、條件狀語從句和祈使句。“不要驚訝”用祈使句表示Don’t be surprised；“如果”用連詞if，引導條件狀語從句；“裝作做某事”用短語pretend to do sth.；“認出你”翻譯為recognize you。根據(jù)祈使句可知，if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。故翻譯為Don’t be surprised if I pretend not to recognize you.
12. 人笑能放松身上的肌肉，并且盡情大笑后，其影響能夠持續(xù)45分鐘。(漢譯英)
【答案】Laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞、動詞、動詞短語和狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述的為客觀事實，所以此處應使用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示“大笑”應為laughter作主語，位于句首，首字母需大寫；表示“放松”應為relax，與句子主語為主動關系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語為relaxes；表示“肌肉”應為muscles作賓語；表示“其影響”指的是大笑后“降低肌張力”應為decrease muscle tones在句子中作狀語，與邏輯主語laughter之間為主動關系，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即decreasing muscle tone，表示“持續(xù)45分鐘”應為for up to 45minutes，表示“盡情大笑后”應為時間狀語從句，即after the laugh dies down置于句尾。故翻譯為Laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
13. 但是和真正的社會損失相比，個人的憤怒和焦慮根本不值一提。(過去分詞短語作狀語)(漢譯英)
【答案】But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
【解析】
【詳解】考查時態(tài)及非謂語動詞。但是“but”，個人的憤怒和焦慮“personal anger and stress”，不值一提“be nothing”，與......相比較“compared to”，使用過去分詞短語作狀語，真正的社會損失“the real costs socially”，陳述現(xiàn)階段所發(fā)生的的事情使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為復數(shù)，be動詞用are，but位于句首注意首字母要大寫，故翻譯為But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
14. 顯然，人類活動對地球上所有其他物種都產(chǎn)生了負面影響，包括動物和植物。(漢譯英)
【答案】It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語從句、動詞和名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述的是客觀事實，所以主句應使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，分析句意可知，此處應為固定句型it is clear that，意為“很顯然”，其中it作形式主語，that引導的為主語從句作真正的主語；表示“人類活動”應為human activity作從句的主語，表示“對其他物種產(chǎn)生了影響”應為affect all other species，結(jié)合句意，從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，affect與句子主語為主動關系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動為has affected t all other species，表示“負面”應為副詞negatively修飾謂語動詞，置于助動詞has之后，實義動詞affected之前，表示“地球上”應為on earth，表示“包括動物和植物”應為介詞短語including animals and plants。故翻譯為It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
第二部分 知識運用（共25分）
三、語法填空（共15分，每題1.5分）
A
閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
In recent years big changes about “greenways” have taken place in Beijing ____15____ residents can get more exercise to benefit their own health, and pursue a more carbon-free lifestyle.
A typical one is the “Chaoyang Greenway”. So far, it ____16____ (cover) a distance of around 10 kilometers in Beijing’s Chaoyang district. The path ____17____ (combine) walking and cycling is a new and welcome addition. With the “greenways”. Beijing becomes a greener and better place to live in.
【答案】15. where
16. has covered
17. combining
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京的“綠道”給人們所帶來的便利。
【15題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：近年來，北京的“綠道”發(fā)生了巨大變化，居民可以得到更多的鍛煉，有利于自己的健康，并追求更無碳的生活方式。句中先行詞為greenways，在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用連接副詞where引導。故填where。
【16題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，它已經(jīng)覆蓋了北京朝陽區(qū)約10公里的距離。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語是It，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has covered。
【17題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：結(jié)合步行和騎自行車的路徑是一個新的和受歡迎的增加。句中已有謂語動詞is，所以用非謂語動詞形式。名詞The path與combine之間為主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填combining。
B
閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Canadians are extremely enthusiastic about renewable energy, and public opinion is ____18____ (clear) moving towards a clean energy vision for the future. But when you look at the latest polls, there are still some major obstacles to aggressive climate action.
You’ve ____19____ (probable) heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters (民意調(diào)查人) when asked. But the same two-thirds will tell you they’re pretty satisfied and think Canada is doing a decent job dealing with climate change.
It’s not because Canadians aren’t worried. Three quarters of the public are concerned and the level of worry ____20____ (rise) — half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.” But most people think we’re already pulling our weight. Just 25 percent of Canadians think we’re doing less than our “fair share.”
One of the really worrying trends in public opinion is the number of people ____21____ think tackling climate change is already a lost cause.
【答案】18. clearly
19. probably
20. is rising
21. who
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了加拿大人對可再生能源非常熱情，公眾輿論顯然正朝著清潔能源的未來發(fā)展。但是，最新的民意調(diào)查顯示，積極的氣候行動仍然存在一些主要障礙。
【18題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：加拿大人對可再生能源非常熱情，公眾輿論顯然正朝著清潔能源的未來發(fā)展?？崭裉幱酶痹~clearly修飾動詞短語moving towards，clearly意為“顯然”，故填clearly。
【19題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：你可能聽說過，大多數(shù)加拿大人希望政府在氣候問題上做得更多?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾動詞heard，probable的副詞是probably，意為“可能”，故填probably。
【20題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：四分之三的公眾對此感到擔憂，而且擔憂的程度正在上升——一半的人現(xiàn)在將氣候變化描述為“非常嚴重的威脅”。由half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.”可知，句子表示“四分之三的公眾對此感到擔憂，而且擔憂的程度正在上升”，因此空格處的時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語the level of worry是不可數(shù)名詞，因此空格處是is rising。故填is rising。
【21題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：公眾輿論中一個真正令人擔憂的趨勢是，越來越多的人認為應對氣候變化已經(jīng)是一項注定要失敗的事業(yè)?？崭裉幰龑У氖窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞people是人，因此空格處用關系代詞who，故填who。
C
閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Mr. Mora is a famous university president. He is remembered as a humorous man ____22____ lectures bring laughter from time to time. He is also remembered by his family and friends for being absent-minded. There are many interesting stories about Mr. Mora, ____23____ amuse people.
Once on a train, a conductor came to Mr. Mora, asking for his ticket. He began to search his pockets. No ticket appeared. Mr. Mora began searching his suitcase. “Never mind, sir.” said the conductor, seeing how anxiously Mr. Mora ____24____ (look) for his ticket and trying to comfort him. “When you find your ticket, just post it to the station. I’m sure you have it somewhere.” “I’m sure, too.” said the president as he continued searching. “But I must find it. I need to know where I’m going.”
【答案】22. whose
23. which 24. was looking
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是著名的大學校長Mr. Mora粗心大意地把火車票弄丟了，上錯了火車的故事。
【22題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：人們記得他是一個幽默的人，他的演講不時引起笑聲?？崭裉幰龑У氖嵌ㄕZ從句，先行詞man和lectures之間是所屬關系，因此空格處用表所屬的whose引導定語從句，故填whose。
【23題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：關于莫拉先生有許多有趣的故事，逗人發(fā)笑?？崭裉幰龑У氖欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞stories是物，因此空格處用關系代詞which，故填which。
【24題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“沒關系，先生?！绷熊噯T說，他看到莫拉先生焦急地尋找他的車票，想安慰他。此處表示莫拉先生在找車票的時候很焦急，由said可知，“找車票”是過去的某個時間點正在進行的動作，因此時態(tài)用過去進行時，主語Mr. Mora是一個人，因此空格處用was looking。故填was looking。
四、完形填空（共10分，每題1分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從句題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____25____ chip bags rather than throw them away, so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____26____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook. ____27____, she decided to use that video as a blueprint to start the Chip Bag Project.
Oleita and her volunteers get chip bags of all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in soapy hot water, they ____28____ them open, lay them flat and iron them together. They use the material from old coats to ____29____ the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes around four hours to complete.
Since 2020, the project has ____30____ more than 800, 000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to ____31____ money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s not enough. “We are committed to providing ____32____ for those in need, making an impact not only socially, but environmentally, ” Oleita says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would ____33____ land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show_____34_____ between all of these issues. ”
25. A. clean B. special C. empty D. new
26. A. showing B. asking C. sending D. observing
27. A. Astonished B. Inspired C. Disappointed D. Embarrassed
28. A. push B. slice C. knock D. swing
29. A. decorate B. match C. adjust D. cover
30. A. purchased B. sold C. collected D. produced
31. A. raise B. borrow C. earn D. save
32. A. relaxation B. innovation C. instruction D. relief
33. A. still B. almost C. hardly D. otherwise
34. A. conflicts B. similarities C. connections D. distinctions
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個美國女孩開展“薯片袋項目”，收集空的薯片袋做成睡袋，同時幫助解決垃圾和貧困的問題。
【25題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她鼓勵零食愛好者捐贈他們的空薯片袋，而不是把它們?nèi)拥?，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋。A. clean干凈的；B. special特別的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根據(jù)下文“rather than throw them away”和常識可知，捐贈的是空薯片袋。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩年前，奧萊塔在Facebook上遇到了一位向觀眾展示如何將薯片袋組合成睡袋的英國女士，于是她產(chǎn)生了這個想法。A. showing展示；B. asking問；C. sending派送；D. observing觀察。根據(jù)下文“how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，一位英國女士在Facebook上展示如何將薯片袋組合成睡袋。故選A。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：受到啟發(fā)，她決定以這段視頻為藍本，啟動薯片袋項目。A. Astonished驚訝的；B. Inspired受到啟發(fā)的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____2____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，奧萊塔受到英國女士將薯片袋組合成睡袋的啟發(fā)。故選B。
28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在含肥皂的熱水中清洗后，他們把它們切開，平放，然后熨燙在一起。A. push推；B. slice切開；C. knock敲；D. swing搖擺。根據(jù)下文“them open, lay them flat”可知，奧萊塔將各種薯片袋切開，再熨平。故選B。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們使用舊外套的材料來覆蓋內(nèi)部。A. decorate裝飾；B. match相配；C. adjust調(diào)整；D. cover覆蓋。根據(jù)上文“They use the material from old coats”可知，使用舊外套的材料來覆蓋薯片袋內(nèi)部。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自2020年以來，該項目已經(jīng)收集了80多萬個薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)制作了110個睡袋。A. purchased購買；B. sold賣；C. collected收集；D. produced生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上文“She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____1____ chip bags rather than throw them away,”可知，該項目收集薯片袋制作睡袋。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，籌集資金購買新的睡袋會更簡單。A. raise籌集；B. borrow借；C. earn賺得；D. save保存。根據(jù)下文“buy new sleeping bags”可知，這里指籌集資金購買新的睡袋。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奧萊塔說：“我們致力于為有需要的人提供救濟，不僅在社會上產(chǎn)生影響，而且在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響?！盇. relaxation消遣；B. innovation創(chuàng)新；C. instruction指令；D. relief救濟。根據(jù)文章首句“Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty.”可知，該項目為貧困的人提供救濟。故選D。
【33題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，還有回收袋的象征意義，否則它們會被扔進垃圾桶，用它們來幫助無家可歸的人。A. still仍然；B. almost幾乎；C. hardly幾乎不；D. otherwise否則。根據(jù)上文“there’s the symbolism of recycling bags”和常識可知，薯片袋不回收，否則就會被扔進垃圾桶。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正如奧萊塔所說：“我認為是時候展示所有這些問題之間的聯(lián)系了?！盇. conflicts沖突；B. similarities相似；C. connections聯(lián)系；D. distinctions區(qū)分。根據(jù)上文“It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand.”可知，污染和貧困之間是相聯(lián)系的。故選C。
第三部分 閱讀理解（共29分）
第一節(jié)（共13小題；共21.5分）
閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的P四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑；或者根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題，并填寫在答題紙應位置上。
(A)
For many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.
The Azores
The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that s studying the animals to support future conservation of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea, Egypt
Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The experience includes free accommodations with Wi Fi and a swimming pool.
Romania
Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇護所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal well-being and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.
35. What do the first two trips have in common?
A. Both involve underwater activities.
B. Both provide free accommodations.
C. Both require advanced diving experience.
D. Both teach how to use scientific equipment.
36. Which place best suits a girl who likes horses?
A. The Azores. B. Red Sea. C. Australia. D. Romania.
37. Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania?
A. They have no food. B. They are badly treated.
C They should be monitored. D. They need to live in mountains.
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四處旅游地點。
【35題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Azores部分的“The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water.(這些旅程提供了與著名科學家一起從事精心挑選的項目的機會，同時也享受與一些世界上最迷人的海洋生物在水中相遇的樂趣。)”和Red Sea, Egypt部分的“Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort(既是世界級潛水的機會，也是重要研究工作的一部分)”和“The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.(7個晚上的旅行包括學習如何用最先進的科學設備收集水數(shù)據(jù)，以及進行船上和水下實驗。)”可知，兩者都有水下活動。故選A。
【36題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Australia部分的“Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger.(探索澳大利亞昆士蘭，同時也支持一個注冊的慈善機構(gòu)，該機構(gòu)拯救農(nóng)場動物，使它們免受虐待、忽視和危險。)”可推知，這里可能有馬，最適合喜歡馬的女孩，故選C。
【37題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章最后一段的“Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇護所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused.(在羅馬尼亞最大的熊保護區(qū)和熊一起工作，這里是被虐待的熊的天堂。)”可知，這些熊會被羅馬尼亞的保護區(qū)收養(yǎng)是因為它們受到虐待。故選B。
(B)
The Lifecycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the lifecyle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal (處理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (殺蟲劑) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…, all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current U. S. records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing…it has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒溫器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
38. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “________”.
A. wastes water B. takes a lot of time C. uses energy D. has a bad effect
39. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year.
B. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
C. About 15% of the clothes and shoes wind up in the landfills eventually.
D. About 16000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry.
41. What is the purpose of this article?
_______________________________________________________
【答案】38. D 39. A 40. D
41. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一件T恤在制成在每個階段對環(huán)境的影響，并提出了一些與衣服相關的對生態(tài)環(huán)境友好行為的建議。
【38題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子的前半句“While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers(棉花是一種天然纖維，對環(huán)境的危害不像人造纖維那么大)”可知，while引導的是讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管棉花不像人造纖維那樣對環(huán)境的危害那么大”，劃線短語所在的句子意思為“但是仍然是有危害的”，由此可知，該短語的意思與“有危害”相近，D選項“has a bad effect”的意思是“有壞的影響”與“有危害”意義相近。故選D項。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy.(棉花一旦種植和收獲，生產(chǎn)階段就開始了:紡紗、編織、漂白、染色、裁剪、縫紉等——這些過程也要消耗大量的水和能源。)”可知，衣服的生產(chǎn)過程需要大量的水，結(jié)合第三段中的“Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.(商業(yè)染料和漂白劑是有害的污染物，最終會污染地下水。)”可知，商業(yè)染料和漂白劑最終會污染地下水，由此可推斷，整個生產(chǎn)過程可能會影響到水的安全。故選A項。
【40題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load.(然而，美國家庭平均每年要洗400次衣服，每次洗大約要用40加侖的水。)”可知，每年一個美國家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要使用40加侖的水，所以，美國一個家庭每年平均有16,000加侖的水用于洗衣服。故選D項。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact.(你可以做很多事情來幫助減少你的影響。)”并結(jié)合下文中列舉的很多我們可以做的一些與衣服相關的環(huán)保的事情可知，本文的寫作目的是促進與服裝有關的環(huán)保行動，為環(huán)保做出自己的貢獻。故答案為To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes。
(C)
When people are asked what’s important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.
The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Some anthropologists (人類學家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑視的) or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌駕于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Plato’s objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self-ignorance.
Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”
Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered it a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus’s Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.
42. What conclusion do some anthropologists make on humor?
A Humor is of great significance to people.
B. Humor is a valuable part of conversation.
C. Humor can be left out of human life without much loss.
D. Humor reflects people’s irrationality and self-ignorance.
43. Plato advocates the strict control of comedy and limiting it to slaves or hired aliens in the ideal state. T/F
44. The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control. T/F
45. What suggestion does Plato offer to the guardians of a country? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
46. Do you agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】42. C 43. T
44. F 45. Plato suggested that the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, because he thought violent laughter caused a violent reaction.
46. I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is very important, which is a way of coming to terms with a variety of situations. It is also a way of releasing inner tension. Statistics have shown that people who are able to laugh at themselves cope with life much better.
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一些哲學家認為對幽默持否定的態(tài)度，他們認為應該限制大笑和幽默。
【42題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Some anthropologists (人類學家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss. (一些人類學家把關于幽默的哲學著作的數(shù)量與關于正義的著作的數(shù)量進行比較，很可能得出這樣的結(jié)論：把幽默從人類生活中剔除也不會有多大損失。)”可知，一些人類學家認為把幽默從人類生活中剔除也沒什么多大的損失，他們關于幽默得出的結(jié)論是：人類生活中沒有幽默也不會有太大的損失。故選C項。
【43題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. (因為這些對笑聲和幽默的反對，柏拉圖說，在理想狀態(tài)下，喜劇應該被嚴格控制。)”可知，Plato認為戲劇應受到嚴格的限制，結(jié)合下文中的“We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. ( 我們將下令，這些表現(xiàn)形式將留給奴隸或雇傭的外國人，而不會得到任何認真的考慮。)”可知，Plato認為應該將幽默只留給奴隸或雇傭的外國人，所以“Plato advocates the strict control of comedy and limiting it to slaves or hired aliens in the ideal state.(柏拉圖主張嚴格控制喜劇，將其限制在理想狀態(tài)下的奴隸或雇傭的外星人身上。)”的表述是正確的。故答案是T。
【44題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. (強調(diào)自我控制的斯多葛學派同意柏拉圖的觀點，即笑會削弱自我控制。)”可知，斯多葛學派認為笑削弱了自我控制，而題目中“The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control. (斯多葛學派的人對笑也有負面評價，但他們強調(diào)笑能增強自制力。)”的表述，表達的是笑能增強自我控制力，與原文信息不符，所以表述是錯誤的。故答案是F。
【45題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” (他說，國家的守護者應該避免笑，“因為當一個人放任自己狂笑時，他的狀況會引起激烈的反應。”)”可知，柏拉圖建議一個國家的守護者避免笑，因為他認為激烈的笑會引起暴力反應。故答案為Plato suggested that the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, because he thought violent laughter caused a violent reaction.
【46題詳解】
開放性題目。I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is very important, which is a way of coming to terms with a variety of situations. It is also a way of releasing inner tension. Statistics have shown that people who are able to laugh at themselves cope with life much better.
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. ___47___If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. ___48___This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.
Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. ___49___
Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. ___50___If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.
___51___ It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.
A. Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.
B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.
C. Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.
D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.
E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.
F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.
G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. G 50. B 51. E
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要從三個方面說明了跑步撿垃圾的好處，并提出了進行跑步撿垃圾的相關建議。
【47題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others”如果你喜歡戶外運動，喜歡和別人一起運動的話。C項Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.“這是一個社交運動，通常以組隊的形式進行”呼應下文中的others，切合題意。故選C項。
【48題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.”這可以是一個普通的垃圾袋，便于攜帶，并且能裝帶有鋒利邊緣的垃圾。D項You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.“你還需要一個便于攜帶的垃圾袋來裝垃圾”呼應后句中的“easy to carry and capable of containing litter”便于攜帶并可以裝垃圾，切合題意。故選D項。
【49題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers.”用社交媒體、在公告板里發(fā)通知或者在體育商店櫥窗上貼標簽來找到跑步撿垃圾運動的伙伴們。G項With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.“做了這些努力后，你就能找到感興趣的人了”呼應上文使用各種方式找到伙伴一起組隊，符合語境。故選G項。
【50題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.”如果有疑問的話，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B項You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.“你也可以向當?shù)毓俜讲块T尋求幫助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有兩種，使用分述方式展開說明，因此B項符合題意。故選B項。
【51題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care.”這是一種通過運動把個人成就與社區(qū)和環(huán)境保護結(jié)合起來的方式。E項Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.“跑步撿垃圾是一種能感受到動力很棒的方式，因為有著不止一個的益處”呼應下文對這種方式的具體說明，E項切題。故選E項。
第四部分 書面表達（共兩節(jié)，28分）
第一節(jié)（共4小題第52、53題各1分，第42題2分，第43題4分，共8分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton in the closet?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a(chǎn) skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”
“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (暈倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.
52. According to Jessica’s mother, what does “a skeleton in the closet” mean?
____________________________________________________________________________________
53. According to paragraph 2, why were some Australians’ ancestors transported to Australia?
____________________________________________________________________________________
54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm hit her when she opened Jessica’s closet.
____________________________________________________________________________________
55. Do you find the story humorous? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】52. Something that you would rather not have anyone else to know about.
53. Because they committed crimes.
54. Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm hit her when she opened Jessica’s closet. In the passage, Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor when she opened Jessica’s closet.
55. Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant to tell her mother about the skeleton in the closet, but her question caused quarrels between her mother and father; they both misunderstood each other.
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jessica家里發(fā)生的一件趣事，Jessica想問問媽媽對于衣柜里骷髏的想法，而媽媽卻以為女兒問的是一句俗語的含義，并因此產(chǎn)生了誤解。
【52題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段““Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton in the closet?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a(chǎn) skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”(“媽媽，如果有人告訴你他們衣柜里有骷髏是什么意思？”Jessica問道?！耙鹿窭锏镊俭t？”母親若有所思地停了下來。“嗯，這是一件你不想讓別人知道的事情。例如，如果在過去，爸爸家里有人因為偷了一匹馬而被捕，那就會是‘他家里的骷髏’。他真的不想讓鄰居知道這件事?！?”可知，Jessica的媽媽認為“衣柜里的骷髏”指的是不想讓別人知道的事情。故答案為Something that you would rather not have anyone else to know about。
【53題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段““Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.”(“你知道，你的家族史不太好。你的曾曾祖父不是因為犯罪被流放到澳大利亞的囚犯嗎？”“是的，但是現(xiàn)在人們說，除非你的祖先是作為囚犯來到這里的，否則你就不是真正的澳大利亞人?！?”可知，一些澳大利亞人的祖先是因為犯了罪被流放到這里的。故答案為Because they committed crimes。
【54題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段“When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (暈倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead.(洗完衣服后，她把剛熨好的衣服抱在懷里，走向Jessica的衣櫥。就在她打開門，伸手去掛裙子的時候，一條瘦骨嶙峋的手臂從黑暗的深處伸出來，一捆白骨落在地板上。Jessica的母親昏倒了，直到Jessica把一塊冷的濕布放在她的額頭上才醒過來。)”可知，Jessica的母親暈倒是因為當她打開Jessica的衣柜時，一條瘦骨嶙峋的手臂從黑暗的深處伸出來，一捆白骨落在地板上，受到驚嚇而暈倒的。因此，原句中“because a bony arm hit her”表述錯誤。故答案為ln the passage, Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor when she opened Jessica’s closet。
【55題詳解】
開放題。要生考生談談自己是否覺得這個故事很幽默，并解釋原因，考生言之有理即可。故參考答案為Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant to tell her mother about the skeleton in the closet, but her question caused quarrels between her mother and father; they both misunderstood each other。
第二節(jié)（20分）
56. 北京的古城墻（the ancient wall）是否應該被拆除，請就此話題寫一篇“for and against”的文章，發(fā)表在我校英語報上。
注意：詞數(shù)不少于100詞
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Recently our class has had a debate whose topic was whether the ancient wall in our city should be pulled down. Opinions are different on this topic.
Some of the students who are in favor of pulling down the ancient wall think that it isn’t in harmony with the modern look of our city. Besides, it costs too much to protect it.
On the contrary, the rest think the ancient wall shouldn’t be pulled down, claiming that it is a symbol of the history and culture of our city, which should be protected. Furthermore, the ancient wall can help attract visitors.
Personally, I’m for the second view. After all, with the ancient wall pulled down, much would disappear including its history and culture.
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。要求考生北京的古城墻(the ancient wall)是否應該被拆除，寫一篇“for and against”的文章，發(fā)表在校英語報上。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
不同的：different →various
此外：besides → what’s more
保護：protect →preserve
就個人而言：personally →in my opinion
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：After all, with the ancient wall pulled down, much will disappear including its history and culture.
拓展句：After all, if the ancient wall should be pulled down, much would disappear including its history and culture.
【點睛】【高分句型1】Recently our class has had a debate whose topic was whether the ancient wall in our city should be pulled down.（運用了whose引導的定語從句和whether引導的表語從句）
【高分句型2】On the contrary, the rest think the ancient wall shouldn’t be pulled down, claiming that it is a symbol of the history and culture of our city, which should be protected. Furthermore, the ancient wall can help attract visitors. （運用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語和which引導的非限制性定語從句）



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