廣東省華南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期11月期中試題（Word版附解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?華南師大附中2022—2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試
高二英語(yǔ)
本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共12頁(yè)，滿(mǎn)分100分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。
注意事項(xiàng)：
1、答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的班別、姓名、考號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
2. 選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng), 用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案；不能答在試卷上。
3. 非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)城內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。
4. 考生必須保持答題卡的平整。
一、聽(tīng)力理解（共15小題，每小題0.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）
每段播放兩遍。各段后有幾個(gè)小題，各段播放前每小題有5秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間。請(qǐng)根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
聽(tīng)第一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第1~3三個(gè)小題。
1 Why does the woman say her parents are strict with her?
A. Because they force her to keep away from all her friends.
B. Because they forbid her to go out from Monday to Friday.
C. Because they do not allow her to choose her clothes herself.
2. What do the woman’s parents pay more attention to?
A. Her sleep B. Her friends. C. Her freedom.
3. What does the woman think of the man’s parents?
A. They are stricter.
B. They are more reliable.
C. They are more understanding.
聽(tīng)第二段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第4~6三個(gè)小題。
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Marketing strategies. B. Quality control. C. Brand loyalty.
5. Why do the speakers want to develop the older age group?
A. Because the old need sports shoes very much.
B. Because the young are not fond of sports shoes at all.
C. Because the youth market will become small in the future.
6. Why do older customers feel like this product according to the woman?
A. Because its “sports” side is emphasised in the advertising.
B. Because it is high-quality and low-priced.
C. Because it can be used for casual and leisure purposes.
聽(tīng)第三段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第7~9三個(gè)小題。
7. What docs the woman major in?
A. Psychology. B. Biology. C. Chemistry.
8. How is the distance learning course different from traditional courses?
A. The professor videotapes class lectures for review.
B. Students are not required to attend regular class lectures.
C. Classes are held out at various locations throughout the area.
9. What does the man think is the major advantage of the distance learning course?
A. It doesn’t require any examinations.
B. It shows more flexibility in students, schedules.
C. It allows the students to meet more friends from other universities.
聽(tīng)第四段獨(dú)白，回答第10~12三個(gè)小題。
10. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. Link between stress and colds.
B. Link between exercise and colds.
C. Link between environment and colds.
11. Why do some people catch colds more often than others according to the recent studies?
A. Because they lack exercise and sleep.
B. Because they often suffer from too much pressure.
C. Because they often breathe in more cold viruses than fresh air.
12. What can we learn from the monologue?
A. The study in 1991 found that mental stress could make people catch colds easily.
B. People allowed to take pan in the recent studies are from 8 to 55.
C. People having difficulties with friends arc to get colds more easily.
聽(tīng)第五段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第13~15三個(gè)小題。
13. What was the woman’s pay when she worked at the post office?
A. $8 per hour. B. $5 per hour. C. $3 per hour.
14. What does Professor Jamison’s assistant need to do at work?
A. Grade homework sets.
B. Teach an economic course.
C. Write homework results down.
15. What will one learn working as professor Jamison’s assistant?
A. How to arrange time reasonably.
B. How to get along with others.
C. How to improve his computer skills.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇（共20小題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分）
1. With that thought in mind, Pruitt __________ a plan and posted it on the community website.
A. came up with B. came down with C. came across D. came out
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：帶著這個(gè)想法，Pruitt想出了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，并把它發(fā)布在了社區(qū)網(wǎng)站上。A. came up with提出；B.came down with付錢(qián)；染上病；C. came across偶然遇見(jiàn)；D.came out出來(lái)。根據(jù)后文 “a plan and posted it on the community website” 指想出了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，come up with符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
2. The mother didn’t put the blame __________ the little boy __________ breaking the glass, saying she herself was __________.
A. on; for; to blame B. for, on; to blame
C. on; for; to be blamed D. for, on; to be blamed
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：母親沒(méi)有把打碎杯子的責(zé)任推到小男孩身上，她說(shuō)應(yīng)該怪她自己。put the blame on sb. for sth.“因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人”是固定短語(yǔ)，be to blame“被責(zé)備”是固定短語(yǔ)，且為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，根據(jù)句意，故填A(yù)。
3. Seeing her father come back, ______________.
A. tears ran down her cheeks B. Her tears ran out
C. she burst into tears D. She burst into crying
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】試題分析：考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：看到爸爸回來(lái)了，她突然哭起來(lái)了。前面是現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主句的主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，就是she，再結(jié)合固定短語(yǔ)：burst into tears/burst out crying，注意she的首字母要小寫(xiě)，故選C。
考點(diǎn)：考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)
點(diǎn)評(píng)：有的題目可以有解題技巧的，找到關(guān)鍵之處，可以快捷的找到答案，象這道題關(guān)鍵是找到分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
4. —My schedule is quite __________.
—I could arrange to meet with you any day next week.
A. accessible B. flexible C. sensible D. responsible
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：——我的日程安排很靈活?！铱梢园才畔轮艿娜魏我惶炫c你見(jiàn)面。A. accessible可接近的；B. flexible靈活的；C. sensible明智的；D. responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的。根據(jù)后文時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)any day next week可知，我可以在下周任何一天見(jiàn)面，說(shuō)明我的時(shí)間安排很靈活。故選B項(xiàng)。
5. He __________ the shop while the manager was away.
A. was taken charge of B. was taken charge for
C. was put in charge of D. was put in the charge of
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：經(jīng)理不在時(shí)，他被安排負(fù)責(zé)這家商店。take charge of意為“負(fù)責(zé)”；take charge for意為“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；put…in charge of意為“安排……負(fù)責(zé)”。空格處在主句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)while the manager was away可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)He和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)put...in charge of之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故選C項(xiàng)。
6. When caught _____ in the exam, he begged for the teacher’s pardon and tried ______ punishment.
A. cheating; escaping B. to be cheating; to escape
C. cheating; to escape D. to be cheating; escaping
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在考試作弊被抓著的時(shí)候，他乞求老師原諒并試圖逃脫懲罰。根據(jù)句意可知，抓住的時(shí)候正在作弊，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，因此，第一空用cheating形式，try to do sth試圖做某事，這是個(gè)固定用法。故選C。
7. Some top American universities __________ Asian-American applicants access, using race as a factor.
A. are accused for denying B. are accused for removing
C. are accused of denying D. are accused of removing
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一些美國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)被指控以種族為由拒絕亞裔申請(qǐng)者入學(xué)。accuse for為固定搭配，意為“把某事歸罪于”；accuse of 為固定搭配，意為“控告”；deny為動(dòng)詞意為“否認(rèn)”；remove為動(dòng)詞，意為“移除”。結(jié)合句意“控告”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)accuse of，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)universities和accuse of之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)are accused of，根據(jù)句意“否認(rèn)”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞deny，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞denying。故選C項(xiàng)。
8. In the modern information age, one can’t avoid __________ by various kinds of advertisements.
A. surrounded B. surrounding C. being surrounded D. to be surrounded
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在現(xiàn)代信息時(shí)代，人們無(wú)法避免被各種各樣的廣告包圍。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”，排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，one和surround為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。故選C。
9. ______ his office, he picked up the phone and made one phone after another.
A. On arriving at B. As soon as arriving
C. Upon he arrived at D. On arrival
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)及介詞。句意：他一到辦公室，就拿起電話(huà)打個(gè)不停。A. On arriving at一到……；B. As soon as arriving無(wú)此表達(dá)；C. Upon he arrived at無(wú)此表達(dá)；D. On arrival一到……。本題考查on/upon +doing/n.一…… 就……，“達(dá)到某地”為arrive at + n.故選A項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查on/upon doing/n.與as soon as的區(qū)別
on/upon是介詞，后接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)on/upon doing/n意為“一……就……”
as soon as是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，后接句子，意為“一……就……”
例如：
1. On/Upon arriving, he began to do his work.一到他就開(kāi)始工作。
2. He began to do his work as soon as he arrived. 一到他就開(kāi)始工作。
10. A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children __________ to the slightest possibility of danger.
A. exposing B. exposed C. being exposed D. to be exposed
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。句意：明智的母親決不會(huì)讓她的孩子置身于一丁點(diǎn)兒危險(xiǎn)之中。介詞of后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，her children是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，且her children和expose之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。故選C。
11. —What do you think brought him the success?
—Well, __________.
A. he was determined B. his being determined
C. because of his determination D. as he was determined
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：——你認(rèn)為是什么使他成功的？——嗯，是他的堅(jiān)定意志。結(jié)合問(wèn)句“What do you think brought him the success?”可知，此處指“他的堅(jiān)定意志使他成功”，空處是作主語(yǔ)，省略了后面的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)部分“brought him the success”，只用B項(xiàng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)能作主語(yǔ)，故選B。
12. My sister has been in Shanghai for a year. However, she doesn’t think she will ever
_______ to the fast pace of life there.
A. adapt B. adopt C. contribute D. add
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我姐姐在上海已經(jīng)一年了。然而，她認(rèn)為自己永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法適應(yīng)那里快節(jié)奏的生活。A.adapt適應(yīng)； B.adopt 收養(yǎng)；C.contribute 促進(jìn)；D.add增加。由句意“我姐姐在上海已經(jīng)一年了”與however(然而)構(gòu)成的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，她認(rèn)為自己無(wú)法“適應(yīng)”那里的快節(jié)奏生活，短語(yǔ)adapt to表示“適應(yīng)……”，故選A項(xiàng)。

13. It is generally advised that we __________ take in food high in protein.
A. would B. might C. must D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：通常建議我們應(yīng)該吃高蛋白的食物。分析句子可知，It是形式主語(yǔ)，advised表示“建議”，故that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)部分用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，故選D。
14. I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight __________.
A. broke in B. broke out C. broke down D. broke up
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)我在Brixton的一家夜總會(huì)里，那里發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)斗毆。A. broke in插嘴，闖入；B. broke out(不愉快之事)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生；C. broke down發(fā)生故障，分解；D. broke up分手，結(jié)束。根據(jù)“a fight”可知，此處指發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)斗毆，broke out符合題意。故選B。
15. _______football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
A. What B. Whether C. That D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：足球是一項(xiàng)如此簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這可能是它流行的基礎(chǔ)。分析句子可知，is是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。______football is such a simple game to play是主語(yǔ)，因此空白處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；主語(yǔ)從句中football是主語(yǔ)，is是系動(dòng)詞，game是表語(yǔ)，句子不差成分，因此用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。故選C。
16. __________ ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public.
A. If B. What C. Whether D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：能否找到阻止污染的方法正是公眾所擔(dān)心的。固定搭配：whether…or not“是或不是”；該句是連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。故選C。
17. Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)，土豆是什么時(shí)候被傳到歐洲的還不確定，但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】從句分多種，主語(yǔ)從句在考試中也是很常見(jiàn)的，要注意主語(yǔ)是句子的一個(gè)重要成分，它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就稱(chēng)之為主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來(lái)判斷出是何種名詞性從句。從而來(lái)選出合適的連接詞。

18. ________ he might be right is ________ frightens me.
A. That; what B. It; that C. Which; it D. How; what
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：我害怕的是他可能是對(duì)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一個(gè)空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句he might be right，從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整，所以用只起連接作用而沒(méi)有實(shí)義的that引導(dǎo)；第二個(gè)空引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，讓我害怕的是“他可能是對(duì)的”這件事，所以用表示“……的東西”的連接代詞what引導(dǎo)，故選A。
19. In many ways, the magic of AI is ________ it’s not something you can see or touch.
A. whether B. what
C. that D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：在很多方面，人工智能的神奇之處在于它不是你能看見(jiàn)或觸摸到的?！癬___ it’s not something you can see or touch”是表語(yǔ)從句，該從句意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整，解釋人工智能的神奇之處在何處，故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該從句。故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查名詞性從句，首先判斷屬于哪種名詞性從句，再判斷從句缺少什么成分，如果缺少主賓表，用what，不缺少成分和意思用that，缺少疑問(wèn)詞根據(jù)句意判斷。
20. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected.
A. why B. how C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：他努力學(xué)習(xí)，后來(lái)成為一個(gè)著名的作家，這是他父親所期望的。分析句子可知，was后接表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)嗎，所以由what來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。
三、完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In the comer of my desk is a note, slowly yellowing from time. It is a card from my mother, containing only four sentences, but with enough impact to ____21____ my life forever. In it, she praises my abilities as a writer. Each sentence is full of ____22____. The word “but” never appears on the card;____23____, the word “and” is there many times. Every time I read it, I am ____24____ to ask myself how many times I’ve “but-ted” my own daughters.
Although our eldest daughter ____25____ got all A’s on her report card, teachers would always suggest that she talked too much in class. I always forgot to ask them if she was making improvements.____26____，I would greet her with, “Congratulations! Your Dad and I are very ____27____, but could you try to talk less in class?”
The same was ____28____of our younger daughter. Like her sister, she is a lovely and bright child. She also treats the floor of her room as a closet, which has often caused me to say, “Yes, that project is great, but ____29____ your room!”. I’ve noticed that parents constantly do the same thing. “The hockey team won, but Mike should have made that last goal,”“Amy’s the homecoming queen, but now she wants $200 to buy a new dress and shoes.” But, but, but.
What I learned from my mother is to start thinking “and, and and” instead. _____30_____:“The hockey team won, and Mike did his best the whole game.” “Amy’s the homecoming queen, and she’s going to look perfect!” The _____31_____ is that “but” feels bad, “and” feels quite the opposite. When our children feel _____32_____ about what they are doing, they do more of it.
This is not to say that children don’t need or won’t respond to their parents’_____33_____. They do and they will. When parents give positive responses, amazing things happen. It’s not _____34_____ just to say we love our children. We’re also going to have to start guiding and taking part in what is right with our children.
“No more buts!” is a _____35_____ for love. It’s an opportunity every day to put our attention on what is promising about our children. And if I ever forget, I have my mother’s note to remind me.
21. A. enrich B. prepare C. change D. ruin
22. A. love B. doubt C. interest D. humor
23. A. besides B. finally C. anyway D. however
24. A. reminded B. forced C. attracted D. requested
25. A. seldom B. never C. usually D. possibly
26. A. Also B. Therefore C. Sometimes D. Instead
27. A. proud B. upset C. hopeful D. surprised
28. A. tired B. certain C. true D. short
29. A. look into B. clean up C. put up with D. make use of
30. A. After all B. For instance C. In short D. In turn
31. A. fact B. purpose C. chance D. challenge
32. A. bad B. good C. hard D. curious
33. A. decisions B. questions C. instructions D. expectations
34. A. enough B. necessary C. normal D. difficult
35. A. word B. call C. card D. sentence
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了我在母親的感召下很少說(shuō)“但是”而是通過(guò)多說(shuō)“和”的方式對(duì)我的孩子進(jìn)行愛(ài)的教育，并取得很好的成果的故事。
【21題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我母親寄來(lái)的一張卡片，里面只有四句話(huà)，但它的影響力足以永遠(yuǎn)改變我的生活。A. enrich使豐富；B. prepare準(zhǔn)備；C. change改變；D. ruin破壞。根據(jù)后文“What I learned from my mother is to start thinking “and, and and” instead. ”可知，我從母親那里學(xué)到的是開(kāi)始思考“和，和和”，說(shuō)明母親卡片里四句話(huà)的影響力讓我的生活發(fā)生了改變。故選C項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每一句話(huà)都充滿(mǎn)了愛(ài)。A. love愛(ài)；B. doubt懷疑；C. interest興趣；D. humor幽默。根據(jù)前文“In it, she praises my abilities as a writer. ”可知，在母親給我的信中她對(duì)我進(jìn)行了贊揚(yáng)，說(shuō)明她的每句話(huà)都充滿(mǎn)了愛(ài)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：卡片上從未出現(xiàn)“但是”一詞；然而，“和”這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)了很多次。A. besides此外；B. finally最后；C. anyway不管怎樣；D. however然而。前文“The word “but” never appears on the card”和后文“the word “and” is there many times”可知，兩句話(huà)之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要用however來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每次讀到它，我都會(huì)被提醒要問(wèn)自己，我已經(jīng)和自己的女兒說(shuō)了多少次“但是”了。A. reminded提醒；B. forced強(qiáng)迫；C. attracted吸引；D. requested要求。根據(jù)后文“And if I ever forget, I have my mother’s note to remind me.”可知，我每次讀到這個(gè)便簽是為了讓我被提醒，remind為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我們的大女兒的成績(jī)單上通常都是A，但老師們總是認(rèn)為她在課堂上說(shuō)得太多了。A. seldom很少；B. never從不；C. usually通常；D. possibly可能。根據(jù)后文“Congratulations! Your Dad and I are very ____7____”可知，我和丈夫?yàn)榇笈畠候湴?，推斷出她通常?huì)在成績(jī)單上獲得A。故選C項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我會(huì)問(wèn)候她：“祝賀你！我和你爸爸都很自豪，但你能試著在課堂上少說(shuō)話(huà)嗎？”A. Also也；B. Therefore因此；C. Sometimes有時(shí)；D. Instead相反。根據(jù)前文“I always forgot to ask them if she was making improvements.”和后文“I would greet her”之間構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，應(yīng)用instead表示這種關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我會(huì)問(wèn)候她：“祝賀你！我和你爸爸都很自豪，但你能試著在課堂上少說(shuō)話(huà)嗎？”A. proud驕傲的；B. upset不安的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. surprised感到驚訝的。根據(jù)前文“our eldest daughter ____5____ got all A’s on her report card”可知，我的大女兒總能得到A。推斷出我和丈夫?yàn)樗械津湴痢９蔬xA項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的小女兒也是如此。A. tired疲憊的；B. certain確定的；C. true真的；D. short短的。根據(jù)后文“Like her sister”可知，小女兒和大女兒情況相似，“be true of”意為“對(duì)……也符合”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她還把房間的地板當(dāng)作壁櫥，這經(jīng)常讓我說(shuō)：“是的，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很棒，但要把你的房間打掃干凈！”。A. look into調(diào)查;B. clean up 打掃；C. put up with忍受；D. make use of利用。根據(jù)常識(shí)，房間是需要打掃的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：例如：“曲棍球隊(duì)贏了，邁克整場(chǎng)比賽都表現(xiàn)得很好。”A. After all畢竟；B. For instance例如；C. In short總之；D. In turn輪流。根據(jù)后文“The hockey team won, and Mike did his best the whole game.”可知，曲棍球隊(duì)贏了，邁克整場(chǎng)比賽都表現(xiàn)得很好，是對(duì)前句“我從母親那里學(xué)到的是開(kāi)始思考“和，和和””的觀點(diǎn)所舉例得具體事例。故選B項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)是“但是”感覺(jué)不好，“和”感覺(jué)完全相反。A. fact事實(shí)；B. purpose目；C. chance機(jī)會(huì)；D. challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文““but” feels bad, “and” feels quite the opposite”可知，“但是”感覺(jué)不好，“和”感覺(jué)完全相反，這是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們的孩子對(duì)他們正在做的事情感覺(jué)良好時(shí)，他們會(huì)做得更多。A. bad壞的；B. good好的；C. hard困難的；D. curious好奇的。根據(jù)后文“they do more of it”可知，只有孩子們對(duì)自己做的事情感覺(jué)好的時(shí)候才能做得更多。故選B項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這并不是說(shuō)孩子們不需要或不會(huì)回應(yīng)父母的期望。A. decisions決定；B. questions問(wèn)題；C. instructions說(shuō)明；D. expectations期望。根據(jù)后文“It’s an opportunity every day to put our attention on what is promising about our children.”可知，這是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，每天讓我們關(guān)注孩子的未來(lái)，說(shuō)明家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子們是有期待的。故選D項(xiàng)。
34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：僅僅說(shuō)我們愛(ài)我們的孩子是不夠的。A. enough足夠的；B. necessary必要的；C. normal正常的；D. difficult困難的。根據(jù)后文“We’re also going to have to start guiding and taking part in what is right with our children. ”可知，我們還必須開(kāi)始引導(dǎo)和參與我們孩子的正確行為，說(shuō)明僅僅說(shuō)我們愛(ài)我們的孩子是不夠的。故選A項(xiàng)。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“沒(méi)有更多的但是！”是對(duì)愛(ài)的呼喚。A. word消息；B. call呼喚；C. card卡片；D. sentence句子。根據(jù)前文“Each sentence is full of ____2____. The word “but” never appears on the card;____3____, the word “and” is there many times.”可知，媽媽的便簽里每句話(huà)都是充滿(mǎn)了愛(ài)，而且她的話(huà)里沒(méi)有“但是”，推斷出“沒(méi)有更多的但是！”是對(duì)愛(ài)的呼喚。故選B項(xiàng)。
四、閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Institutions and individuals can subscribe to Journal of Science (JS) either by print or online. Ordering Procedures
Both institutions and individuals can complete their order form and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment the institution or individual will begin receiving the print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions for obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS:
Institutions
·Contact name, title, phone, fax, and email
·Customer number (received via email)
·Institution's IP Address(es)
Individuals
·A username and password that you can easily remember
·Your name, phone number, and email address
·Your customer number (received via email)
With their subscription, they will receive 10 issues per year of the JS in addition to access to tables of contents, abstracts, full text searching, full text display, and PDFs, full access to all posted back content to 1860, for as long as the subscription is active. For institutions, access is limited to computers within a particular set of Internet IP addresses. Individuals will enjoy the advantage of having password access to JS from any device connected to the Internet. Without a subscription, access to tables of contents and abstracts is available.
Cost of Subscriptions
2022 Rates
Individual online-only
Individual print+online
Student online-only
Student print+online
Institution online-only
Institution print+online
U.S.
$80
$90
$40
$50
$240
$250
Foreign
$80
$90+
$35 Postage
$40
$50+
$35 Postage
$240
$250+
$35 Postage
Purchasing Individual Issues or Articles
You can purchase access to individual JS issues or articles. Browse through our current online content or our archive (going back to 1860), select the article you want access to, and click Add to Cart. You will be prompted to create an account at this time if you don't already have one. Purchases can be made by visiting our online store: https://epay.ustore.edu/js.
36. What is the procedure for online-only subscription?
①complete an order form ②receive an email with instructions
③activate the subscription ④submit payment
A. ③①②④ B. ①④②③ C. ①④③② D. ④①②③
37. How much does it cost a student in Beijing to subscribe to both print and online versions of JS 2022?
A. $80. B. $85. C. $90. D. $125.
38. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Those who subscribe to the print version have no access to online service.
B. Individual articles are not available unless you make a yearly subscription.
C. There is no limit on Internet IP addresses for either institutions or individuals.
D. People have access to tables of contents and abstracts even without subscription.
【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章講述了機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人可以選擇印刷版或在線訂閱《科學(xué)雜志》，以及訂閱操作方式。
【36題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Ordering Procedures標(biāo)題下“Both institutions and individuals can complete their order form and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions for obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS:(機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人均可填寫(xiě)訂購(gòu)表格并提交付款，以開(kāi)始打印和/或在線訂閱。那些選擇打印版本的人也可以使用在線服務(wù)。他們也可以訂閱在線訪問(wèn)。一旦出版商收到付款，機(jī)構(gòu)或個(gè)人將開(kāi)始收到印刷期刊，如果他們訂購(gòu)印刷選項(xiàng)。他們將收到一封電子郵件，說(shuō)明如何獲得在線版本。電子郵件會(huì)把他們引向一個(gè)在線表格。他們將被要求提供以下必要的信息來(lái)激活他們的JS訂閱)”可知網(wǎng)上訂閱的流程是：提交訂購(gòu)表格→付款→收到郵件→激活訂閱；故選B。
【37題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cost of Subscriptions標(biāo)題下：Student print + online欄目下，可知，北京學(xué)生的印刷幫及網(wǎng)絡(luò)版訂閱費(fèi)用=包括產(chǎn)品費(fèi)用$50+運(yùn)費(fèi)$35=$85。故選B。
【38題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Individuals部分最后一段最后一句“Without a subscription, access to tables of contents and abstracts is available.(不需要訂閱，就可以訪問(wèn)目錄和摘要表)”。故選D。
B
This is my son Matthew’s last night at home before college.I know that this is good news.I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school.I know that this is his finest hour.But looking at the suitcases on his bed sends me out of the room to a hidden corner where I can’t stop crying.
Through the sorrow，I feel a rising embarrassment.“Pull yourself together！” I tell myself.There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones.How dare I feel so shattered?
One of the great gifts of my life has been having my boys，Matthew and Johnowen.Through them，I have explored the mysterious，complicated bond between fathers and sons.As my wife and I raised them，I have discovered the love and loss between my father and me.After my parents’ divorce，I spent weekends with my dad in Ohio.By the time Sunday rolled around，I was unable to enjoy the day’s activities because I was already afraid of the goodbye of the evening.
Now，standing among Matthew’s accumulation of possessions，I realize it’s me who has become a boy again.All my sadness and longing to hold on to things are back，sweeping over me as they did when I was a child.
His bed is tidy and spare.It already has the feel of a guest bed.In my mind I replay wrapping him in his favorite blanket.That was our nightly routine until one evening he said，“Daddy，I don’t think I need a blanket tonight.” I think of all the times we lay among the covers reading.I look at the bed and think of all the recent times I was annoyed at how late he was sleeping.I’ll never have to worry about that again，I realize.
For his part，Matthew has been a rock.He is treating his leaving as just another day at the office.And I’m glad.After all，someone’s got to be strong.I’m proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence.
39. What is the probable meaning of the underlined phrase “Pull yourself together” in Paragraph 2?
A. Get up. B. Cheer up.
C. Pull up. D. Wake up.
40. What can we infer about Matthew from the text?
A. He hates sleeping early.
B. He doesn’t get on well with his father.
C. He is ready for the new life.
D. He doesn’t value his father’s love for him.
41. How does the writer feel about his son’s leaving for college?
A. Worried. B. Proud.
C. Bittersweet. D. Relieved.
42. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Unavoidable Goodbye B. Sweet Memories
C. Glorious Moment D. Unconditional Love
【答案】39. B 40. C 41. C 42. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。兒子即將上大學(xué)，作者很傷心，但作者很自豪的是，兒子已經(jīng)為進(jìn)入他成年生活的第一章做好了準(zhǔn)備。
【39題詳解】
`詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones. How dare I feel so shattered.”可知，作者認(rèn)為有父母送孩子去戰(zhàn)區(qū)，與這些父母相比，作者怎么敢這么傷心呢？由此推知，畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)Pull yourself together意為“振作起來(lái)”A. Get up起來(lái)；B. Cheer up振作起來(lái)；C. Pull up停下來(lái)；D. Wake up醒來(lái)。故選B。
【40題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“I’m proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence.”可知，我很自豪，他能如此自信地，開(kāi)始他成年生活的第一章。由此判斷出，Matthew已經(jīng)為大學(xué)生活做好了準(zhǔn)備，故選C。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“I know that this is good news. I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school...a hidden corner where I can't stop crying（我知道這是個(gè)好消息。我為Matthew能上一所好學(xué)校而感到驕傲……一個(gè)我無(wú)法停止哭泣的隱秘角落）”，可知，兒子上大學(xué)讓作者覺(jué)得又苦又甜，作者感到苦樂(lè)參半。A. Worried擔(dān)憂(yōu)的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Bittersweet苦樂(lè)參半的；D. Relieved放心的。故選C。
【42題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者的兒子要離開(kāi)家去上大學(xué)，作者又高興又難過(guò)。作者雖然不舍，但是很欣慰?jī)鹤娱L(zhǎng)大成熟了，并清楚分別是不可避免的。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“不可避免的再見(jiàn)”。故選A。
C
Elizabeth Spelke, a cognitive (認(rèn)知的) psychologist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the world's most complex learning system-the mind of a baby. Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at mining text, and awful at video games. Then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI. By just a few months old, they’ve begun to grasp the foundations of language, such as grammar. They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.
Yet even experts like Spelke don’t understand precisely how babies — or adults, for that matter — learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: We're not sure what to aim for.
Consider one of the most impressive examples of AI, Alpha Zero, a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill. After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities. But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game. Most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.
To some AI experts, that calls for a new approach. In a November research paper, Francois Chollet, a well-known AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “Humans don’t start out with skills; they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty.” Chollet posed a set of problems, each of which requires an AI programme to arrange colored squares on a grid (格柵) based on just a few prior examples. It’s not hard for a person. But modern machine-learning programmes-trained on huge amounts of data — cannot learn from so few examples.
Josh Tenenbaum, a professor in MIT's Center for Brains, Minds & Machines, works closely with Spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as inspiration for his programmes. He says much of modern AI misses the bigger picture, comparing it to a cartoon about a two-dimensional world populated by simple geometrical (幾何形的) people. AI programmes will need to learn in new ways — for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At some point — you know, if you’re intelligent — you realize maybe there's something else out there,” he says.
43. Compared to an advanced AI programme, a baby might be better at _______________.
A. labeling images B. identifying locations
C. playing games D. making adjustments
44. What does the underlined word “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Stimulating. B. Measuring. C. Beating. D. Limiting.
45. Both Francois Chollet and Josh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.
A. AI is good at finding similar patterns
B. AI should gain abilities with less training
C. AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skill
D. AI will match humans in cognitive ability
46. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What is exactly intelligence?
B. Why is modern AI advanced?
C. Where is human intelligence going?
D. How do humans tackle the challenge of AI?
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. C 46. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)比較人工智能和人類(lèi)的智能，想要告訴我們——什么是真正的智力。
【43題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.( 他們開(kāi)始懂得如何適應(yīng)陌生的環(huán)境)”可知，與高級(jí)人工智能程序相比，嬰兒可能更善于做出調(diào)整。故選D。
【44題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前一句“After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. (在以超快的速度與自己對(duì)弈數(shù)千場(chǎng)，并從獲勝位置中學(xué)習(xí)之后，阿爾法零獨(dú)立地發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾種著名的國(guó)際象棋策略，甚至發(fā)明了新的策略)”可推知，阿爾法零超越了人類(lèi)的認(rèn)知能力，所以劃線單詞“eclipsing”的意思是“超過(guò)，勝過(guò)”，劃線句意是：它看起來(lái)確實(shí)像是一臺(tái)超越人類(lèi)認(rèn)知能力的機(jī)器。故選C。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty. (一位強(qiáng)大人類(lèi)棋手展示的不僅是下棋的能力，還有完成任何類(lèi)似難度任務(wù)的潛力)”和最后一段“AI programmes will need to learn in new ways — for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. (人工智能程序?qū)⑿枰孕碌姆绞綄W(xué)習(xí)——例如，通過(guò)得出因果推論，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地尋找模式)”可推知，?Francois Chollet 和Josh Tenenbaum可能同意人工智能缺乏一種技能的泛化能力。故選C。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。閱讀文章，并根據(jù)第二段“Yet even experts like Spelke don't understand precisely how babies — or adults, for that matter — learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: We’re not sure what to aim for. (然而，即使是像斯皮爾克這樣的專(zhuān)家也不能確切地理解嬰兒——或成人——是如何學(xué)習(xí)的。這一差距指向了現(xiàn)代人工智能的一個(gè)核心難題:我們不確定該以什么為目標(biāo))”可知，本文講述了所謂真正的智力到底是什么。故選A。
D
Is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries(奇想)as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers(零售商)make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.
Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver guessing what the recipient(接受者)would like, as economists say, and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.
Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, tried to estimate the difference in dollar terms. In a research, lie asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid(by the givers)for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the emotional value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy: on average, a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver.
In addition, recipients may not know their own preferences very well. Some of the best gifts, after all, are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying, but which turn out to be especially well picked. And preference can change. So by giving a jazz CD, for example, the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before. This, a desire to build skills, is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children’s desires for video games and buy them books instead.
Finally, there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase. If someone else buys them, however, they can be enjoyed guilt-free. This might explain the high volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays. Thus, the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high emotional value.
47. For what reason are economists concerned about holiday purchases?
A. Seasonal sales don’t match profits well.
B. Some of the holiday purchases end up with waste.
C. Sales and profits are far from being matched.
D. Seasonal sales fail to satisfy people’s special wants.
48. Why does the author mention Joel Waldfogel’s research in the third paragraph?
A. To show Joel’s interest in the difference in dollar terms.
B. To introduce the economist at Yale University.
C. To prove that the mismatch between wants and gifts can be huge.
D. To argue the importance of buying gifts of appropriate value.
49. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Recipients tend to overestimate the values of a gift.
B. Peopled preference is born with nature and remains unchanged
C. Chocolate is a gift which may cause recipient’ sense of guilt
D. Gifts may be used to help a person to cultivate a hobby or skill.
50. Which of the following statements might the author agree with?
A. Guessing preference is important although sometimes it fails.
B. The more money you spend on the gift, the more emotional value it has.
C. Recipients’ preferences have an impact on the holiday season economy.
D. The attached value of a present is the essence of gift giving.
【答案】47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，是關(guān)于節(jié)日購(gòu)買(mǎi)禮物送人的一個(gè)社會(huì)生活調(diào)查，研究結(jié)果表明你所送的禮物往往并不是接受者所想要的，但盡管如此，送禮時(shí)猜測(cè)對(duì)方的喜好還是很重要的。
【47題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.”（然而，這種對(duì)喜好的猜測(cè)并不容易；事實(shí)上，反而很糟糕。每年，收的領(lǐng)帶都沒(méi)戴，書(shū)也沒(méi)讀。而且，即使禮物很受歡迎，也可能不是收禮人自己愿意花錢(qián)買(mǎi)的東西）可推斷，假日禮物很可能并不是收禮人喜歡的，因此推斷經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心一些假日購(gòu)物最后可能會(huì)是一種浪費(fèi)，故選B。
【48題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, tried to estimate the difference in dollar terms. In a research, lie asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid(by the givers)for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the emotional value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy: on average, a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver.( 1993年，時(shí)任耶魯大學(xué)(Yale University)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的喬爾?沃爾德福格(Joel Waldfogel)對(duì)需求和禮物之間的不匹配感興趣，試圖用美元來(lái)估算兩者之間的差異。在一項(xiàng)研究中，他在假期結(jié)束時(shí)問(wèn)了學(xué)生兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：第一，估計(jì)你收到的所有節(jié)日禮物所付款(被送禮者支付)的總價(jià)；第二，除了物品的情感價(jià)值，如果你沒(méi)有它們，你愿意花多少錢(qián)來(lái)得到它們？他的研究結(jié)果令人沮喪：平均而言，收禮者對(duì)禮物的評(píng)價(jià)遠(yuǎn)低于送禮者支付的價(jià)格。)”可知，喬爾?沃爾德福格的研究調(diào)查是為了說(shuō)明需要和禮物之間的不匹配，結(jié)果這種不匹配是巨大的，因此推斷作者提到這個(gè)研究是為了來(lái)證明需要和禮物之間的不匹配可能是巨大的。故選C。
【49題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Some of the best gifts, after all, are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying, but which turn out to be especially well picked. And preference can change. So by giving a jazz CD, for example, the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before. This, a desire to build skills, is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead.”（畢竟，有些最好的禮物是你從未想過(guò)要買(mǎi)的意想不到的東西，但卻是經(jīng)過(guò)精心挑選的，而且人們的偏好是可以改變的。例如，送一張爵士樂(lè)唱片，送禮者可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)收禮者享受以前被忽視的東西。這種培養(yǎng)技能的愿望，可能是許多父母的希望，他們忽略了孩子對(duì)電子游戲的渴望，反而給他們買(mǎi)書(shū)）可知，禮物可以用來(lái)幫助一個(gè)人培養(yǎng)愛(ài)好或技能，故選D。
【50題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thus, the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high emotional value.”（因此，給送禮者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)是，你應(yīng)該努力猜測(cè)清單上每個(gè)人的喜好，然后選擇一件具有較高情感價(jià)值的禮物）可知，作者認(rèn)為送禮時(shí)猜測(cè)對(duì)方的喜好很重要，盡管有時(shí)會(huì)失敗，故選A。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)5分）
閱讀短文，從短文后選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic – of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.
In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. _____51_____ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking.
_____52_____ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. _____53_____
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _____54_____ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. _____55_____ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.
If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.
A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.
B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.
C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.
E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.
F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.
G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
【答案】51. D 52. E 53. A 54. F 55. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。公共演講需要批判性思維，本文介紹的是如何提升演講者的批判性思維。
【51題詳解】
根據(jù)下文中的“The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.(最偉大的思想家、科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家經(jīng)常將現(xiàn)成的信息以不同的方式組合在一起，以產(chǎn)生新的想法。)”可知，此空處的內(nèi)容與new ideas相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D“It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.(人們常說(shuō)，世界上很少有新思想，只有重組的思想。)”符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
【52題詳解】
根據(jù)下文中“As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.(例如，隨著課程的進(jìn)行，您可能會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間組織演講。)”以及下一句“While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking.(盡管這似乎是一種純粹的機(jī)械練習(xí)，但它與批判性思維密切相關(guān)。)”可知，該空處講述的內(nèi)容與speaking class相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)E的內(nèi)容“If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.(如果你想知道這與你的公開(kāi)演講課有什么關(guān)系，答案是很多。)”位于段首，引出下文中講述的話(huà)題。故選E項(xiàng)。
【53題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have.(組織演講不僅僅是安排你已經(jīng)擁有的想法的問(wèn)題。)”可知，組織演講不僅僅是安排已有的思想。選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容“Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.(相反，它是塑造想法本身的重要組成部分。)”中的“rather”表示“相反”的意思，進(jìn)一步對(duì)ideas進(jìn)行闡述，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
根據(jù)下文中的“As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.(當(dāng)你努力用清晰、準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)你的想法時(shí)，你將提高你清晰準(zhǔn)確地思考的能力。)”可知，在經(jīng)歷過(guò)演講課后，你的思維能力得到提高的各方面，所以選項(xiàng)F的表述“The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.(您在演講課上學(xué)到的技能可以幫助您在多種方面成為更有效的思考者。)”為了引出演講課后的效果，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。
【55題詳解】
分析上文中的“As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.(當(dāng)你努力用清晰、準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)你的想法時(shí)，你將提高你清晰準(zhǔn)確地思考的能力。)”以及下文中的“As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.(當(dāng)您學(xué)會(huì)在課堂上批判性地聆聽(tīng)演講時(shí)，您將能夠更好地評(píng)估演講者在各種情況下的想法。)”可以看到，兩個(gè)句子表述的內(nèi)容與句式結(jié)構(gòu)相仿。選項(xiàng)G的結(jié)構(gòu)與空前后的句子結(jié)構(gòu)相吻合，且句意相關(guān)。故選G項(xiàng)。
五、單詞拼寫(xiě)（共15小題，每小題0.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）
根據(jù)句意填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并使用其適當(dāng)形式首字母已給出，請(qǐng)把單詞全拼出來(lái)。
A：根據(jù)首字母和中文提示，用選擇性必修二第1單元里的單詞填空
56. They have the confidence and ability to h__________(處理) whatever is ahead of them. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】handle##andle
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：他們有信心和能力處理他們面前的任何事情。結(jié)合首字母和所給漢語(yǔ)可知，“處理”的英文表達(dá)是handle，與空前的to構(gòu)成不定式，在句中作后置定語(yǔ)。故填handle。
57. The two sides noted with satisfaction the s__________（大量的）increase in the budget of the 2022 programme. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】substantial##ubstantial
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：注意到2022年方案預(yù)算大幅增加，雙方都很滿(mǎn)意。根據(jù)首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示可知，形容詞substantial符合題意，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞increase。故填substantial。
58. “The l__________（關(guān)系）between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer,” says Lawrence Epstein, a sleep expert at Harvard University. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】link##ink
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：哈佛大學(xué)睡眠專(zhuān)家Lawrence Epstein表示:“睡眠與健康、睡眠不好與疾病之間的關(guān)系正變得越來(lái)越清晰?！备鶕?jù)定冠詞“the”可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，作主語(yǔ)；根據(jù)中英文提示，應(yīng)用link，特指睡眠與健康、睡眠不好與疾病之間的關(guān)系，為單數(shù)形式。故填link。
59. In a world that warms up by 3℃, m__________ (多種多樣的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
【答案】multiple##ultiple
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在一個(gè)升溫3攝氏度的世界里，海洋的顏色會(huì)發(fā)生多種變化。根據(jù)首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用形容詞multiple，修飾名詞changes，作定語(yǔ)。故填multiple。
60. When the man was found dead, the police arrested two s_____________ (嫌疑犯). (根據(jù)中英文提示填空)
【答案】suspects##uspects
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)該男子被發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡時(shí)，警察逮捕了兩名嫌疑犯。根據(jù)“two”可知，此處應(yīng)為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作賓語(yǔ)；根據(jù)中英文提示，應(yīng)為suspects。故填suspects/uspects。
61. S__________(統(tǒng)計(jì)) indicate that depressed patients are more likely to become ill than normal people. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】Statistics##tatistics
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，抑郁癥患者比正常人更容易生病。根據(jù)中英文提示，以s開(kāi)頭且含義為“統(tǒng)計(jì)”的名詞為statistic，謂語(yǔ)為原形，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。因空白處在句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，故填Statistics。
62. In recent years, the movie industry has undergone a dramatic t__________（變化）. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】transformation##ransformation
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：近年來(lái)，電影業(yè)經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)戲劇性的變革。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示，表示“轉(zhuǎn)換，變化”用transformation，前面有a，名詞用單數(shù)。故填transformation。
63. The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in memory of the p__________(愛(ài)國(guó)的) poet Qu Yuan. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】patriotic##atriotic
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。根據(jù)首字母及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用形容詞patriotic，修飾名詞poet，作定語(yǔ)。故填patriotic。
64. People on low incomes can apply for financial a__________（幫助）from the local government(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】assistance##ssistance
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：低收入的人可以向當(dāng)?shù)卣暾?qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。根據(jù)句意，首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示應(yīng)填assistance“幫助”作賓語(yǔ)，不可數(shù)名詞，故填assistance。
65. Some people say beauty itself is a__________ (抽象的). Do you agree? (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】abstract##bstract
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：有人說(shuō)美本身就是抽象的。你同意嗎？根據(jù)中英文提示可知，abstract抽象的，形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)。故填abstract。
B:根據(jù)首字母和中文提示，用報(bào)紙TEENS（第7至第9期）里的單詞填空。（海航班不做此部分）
66. They reviewed evidence that plants and animals are s__________（敏感）to climate. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】sensitive##ensitive
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意：他們審查了動(dòng)植物對(duì)氣候敏感的證據(jù)。結(jié)合首字母和所給漢語(yǔ)可知，“敏感”的英文表達(dá)是sensitive，在be動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)，且與介詞to構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)be sensitive to，意為“對(duì)……敏感”。故填sensitive。
67. It’s that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a r__________（出色的）character. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】remarkable #emarkable
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：正是這種勇氣和決心使他成為一個(gè)非凡的人物。根據(jù)首字母和所給漢語(yǔ)可知，“出色的”的英文表達(dá)是remarkable，且在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞character。故填remarkable。
68. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the m__________(最大的) temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be 0. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】maximum##maximum
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如果那些離海平面不遠(yuǎn)的島國(guó)要生存下去，那么自工業(yè)時(shí)代開(kāi)始以來(lái)，氣溫的最高上升幅度應(yīng)該是0。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填形容詞maximum，作定語(yǔ)修飾rise。故填maximum。
69. However, once China began to e__________（接受）free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】embrace##mbrace
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，一旦中國(guó)在20世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始接受自由市場(chǎng)改革，印度在90年代緊隨其后，兩國(guó)就都實(shí)現(xiàn)了快速增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)句意，首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示應(yīng)填embrace“接受”，begin to do sth.“開(kāi)始做某事”，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填embrace。
70. In 1961, when President Kennedy d__________（宣布）that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】declared##eclared
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：1961年，當(dāng)肯尼迪總統(tǒng)宣布美國(guó)將在十年內(nèi)將人類(lèi)送上月球時(shí)，這些話(huà)也有一種夢(mèng)幻般的質(zhì)感。根據(jù)中英提示，應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞declare，且照應(yīng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“In 1961”，應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填declared。
B：根據(jù)首字母或中文提示，用選擇性必修二第1單元里的單詞填空。
（僅海航班做此部分）
71. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and g________ (有天分的) scientists in physics. (根據(jù)中英文提示填空)
【答案】gifted##ifted
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金是物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域最有名、最有天賦的科學(xué)家之一。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示“有天分的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞gifted，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞scientists。故填gifted。
72. Besides being b________ (聰穎的，絕妙的), he was brave, though some ties careless in what he said or did. （根據(jù)中英文提示填空）
【答案】brilliant##rilliant
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：除了聰明之外，他還很勇敢，盡管有些時(shí)候他說(shuō)的話(huà)或做的事很粗心。根據(jù)首字母和所給漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用形容詞brilliant，作表語(yǔ)。故填brilliant。
73. Under Qian’s l__________ (領(lǐng)導(dǎo)), China developed the Dongfeng missiles. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】leadership##eadership
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在錢(qián)學(xué)森的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)研制了東風(fēng)導(dǎo)彈。根據(jù)首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示可知，名詞leadership符合題意，作賓語(yǔ)，抽象概念，不可數(shù)，under one’s leadership“在某人的帶領(lǐng)下”是固定短語(yǔ)。故填leadership。
74. China needed its own powerful air force to protect and d__________（保衛(wèi)）the country. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】defend##efend
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來(lái)保護(hù)和保衛(wèi)這個(gè)國(guó)家。根據(jù)句意，首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示應(yīng)填defend“保衛(wèi)”，與protect并列作目的狀語(yǔ)，and連接不定式，第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào)省略，故填defend。
75. He has always lived in the s__________ (陰影) of his brother, who is smart and hardworking. (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】shadow##hadow
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他一直生活在他哥哥的陰影之下，哥哥聰明又勤奮。根據(jù)中英文提示可知，shadow陰影，可數(shù)名詞，此處表示特指，應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)，在句中作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，故填shadow。
六、課文填空（共10小題，每小題0.5分，滿(mǎn)分5分）
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空
Cholera used to be one of the most ____76____ diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be ____77____. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became ____78____ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even ____79____ to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to____80____ cholera once and for all.
In general, doctors in those days had two ____81____ theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an ____82____ from germs in food or water. Snow ____83____ to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed ____84____. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two ____85____ streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
【答案】76. feared
77. overcome
78. frustrated
79. attended
80. destroy
81. contradictory
82. infection
83. subscribed
84. proof 85. particular
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇記敘文。文章講述了在19世紀(jì)，英國(guó)醫(yī)生John Snow一直致力于找出霍亂的病因，以期預(yù)防或治療霍亂——這一世上最可怕的疾病之一。
【76題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英國(guó)醫(yī)生John Snow向人們展示了如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為形容詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞“diseases”；根據(jù)下文“This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. ”（這種疾病會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的腹瀉、脫水，甚至死亡。）可知，霍亂曾是世上最可怕的一種疾病，故空處表示“可怕的”，應(yīng)用形容詞feared。故填feared。
【77題詳解】
考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英國(guó)醫(yī)生John Snow向人們展示了如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂。結(jié)合上下文可知，空處應(yīng)表示霍亂是如何能被“戰(zhàn)勝、打敗”的，動(dòng)詞overcome符合此意；根據(jù)“how it could be”可知，該句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，空處應(yīng)為過(guò)去分詞。故填overcome。
【78題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，John Snow感到沮喪，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂。分析句子和句意可知，空處應(yīng)為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)，表示“感到沮喪的”。故填frustrated。
【79題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一段時(shí)間之后，他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生，甚至在維多利亞女王分娩時(shí)照顧她。根據(jù)“and even”可知，空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，與“rose”為并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)“when she gave birth”可知，空處表示“照顧”女王，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)attend to sb表示“照顧某人”，符合句意。故填attended。
【80題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，他從未失去徹底消滅霍亂的愿望。表達(dá)“做某事的愿望”可用短語(yǔ)“a desire to do sth”，動(dòng)詞不定式to do作定語(yǔ)，修飾“desire”，故空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞原形；結(jié)合句意，空處應(yīng)表示“消滅”霍亂，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞destroy。故填destroy。

【81題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)生有兩種相互對(duì)立的理論來(lái)解釋霍亂是如何傳播的。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為形容詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞“theories”；根據(jù)下文對(duì)兩種理論的解釋“One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an 　7　from germs in food or water. ”（一種理論認(rèn)為是糟糕的空氣導(dǎo)致了這種疾病，另一種說(shuō)法是霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。）可知，兩種理論是相互對(duì)立的，形容詞contradictory表示“對(duì)立的、矛盾的”。故填contradictory。
【82題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：另一種說(shuō)法是霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。根據(jù)“an”可知，空處為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且以元音音素開(kāi)頭；由“from germs”可知，空處應(yīng)表示“感染、傳染”。故填infection。
【83題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：Snow贊同第二種理論。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)前文“in those days”可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；根據(jù)下文“It was correct,”（它是正確的。）可知，Snow是贊同第二種理論的，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)subscribe to表示“贊同、訂閱”，符合句意。故填subscribed。
【84題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這是正確的，但他還需要證據(jù)。根據(jù)下文“Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate.”（因此，當(dāng)1854年倫敦爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，Snow開(kāi)始調(diào)查。）可知，Snow開(kāi)始調(diào)查是為了找到證明第二種理論正確的證據(jù)，故空處表示“證據(jù)”，應(yīng)用proof，為不可數(shù)名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。
【85題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)得非常嚴(yán)重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為形容詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞“streets”；根據(jù)下文“He was determined to find out why.”（他決心找出原因）和本句句意可知，這是兩條較為特別的街道，故空處應(yīng)用particular，表示“特別的”。故填particular。
七、短文填空（共10題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost ____86____ (abandon).____87____ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ____88____ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact.
One day, the cow was eating grass ____89____ it began to rain heavily. While ____90____ (make) great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living ____91____ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ____92____ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his ____93____ (child) clothes, he started growing cotton, too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ____94____ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and ____95____ the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案】86. abandoned
87. Luckily
88. was left
89. when 90. making
91. without
92. to sell
93. children’s
94. where 95. that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Johnson先生的生活經(jīng)歷。雖然他意外地失去了以往用以謀生的奶牛，卻在之后的生活中收獲了更多，可謂“塞翁失馬，焉知非?！?。
【86題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：他有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，看起來(lái)幾乎被遺棄了。looked在句中用作連系動(dòng)詞，空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，abandoned被遺棄的，形容詞，故填abandoned。
【87題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都產(chǎn)奶?？仗幾鳡钫Z(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞形式，luckily幸運(yùn)地，副詞，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Luckily。
【88題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他在附近的城鎮(zhèn)出售或交換了一些牛奶，以換取其他食物，并用剩下的牛奶為家人制作奶酪和黃油。with后為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)，和動(dòng)詞leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)made可知，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)what看作單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was，故填was left。
【89題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：一天，牛正在吃草，突然下起了大雨。此處是be doing sth when…結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”，when在此結(jié)構(gòu)中是并列連詞，故填when。
【90題詳解】
考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：就在她拼命逃跑的時(shí)候，她從山上摔了下來(lái)，死了。While引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)是she，指代奶牛，此處表示“當(dāng)她拼命逃跑的時(shí)候”，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故完整形式是While she was making great efforts to run away，當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可省略，故填making。
【91題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：后來(lái)，Johnson一家不得不在沒(méi)有奶牛的情況下謀生。根據(jù)上文“she fell over the hill and died”可知，此處指“在沒(méi)有奶牛的情況下謀生”，用介詞without“沒(méi)有”，故填without。
【92題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：由于植物需要一段時(shí)間才能生長(zhǎng)，他開(kāi)始砍伐樹(shù)木出售木材。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to sell。
【93題詳解】
考查名詞所有格。句意：考慮到孩子們的衣服，他也開(kāi)始種植棉花。空處應(yīng)用名詞所有格，修飾名詞clothes，根據(jù)文章首句中的“children”可知，Johnson不止一個(gè)孩子，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的所有格，故填children’s。
【94題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：當(dāng)收獲季節(jié)來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)在鎮(zhèn)上的人們定期聚會(huì)的市場(chǎng)上出售草藥、蔬菜和棉花。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是market，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where，故填where。
【95題詳解】
考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：現(xiàn)在他突然想到，他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)很有潛力，那頭牛的死是一點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣。分析句子可知，It是形式主語(yǔ)，and連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)從句，空后的從句結(jié)構(gòu)、意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，故填that。
八、寫(xiě)作（滿(mǎn)分15分）
96. 一年一度的世界科學(xué)節(jié)臨近，英文雜志《新科學(xué)家》正在組織英語(yǔ)征文比賽，請(qǐng)你以“我最敬佩的科學(xué)家”為題，寫(xiě)一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 介紹科學(xué)家；
2. 敬佩的原因；
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3. 短文標(biāo)題已給出。
The Scientist I Admire Most
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Decades ago, an emerging Chinese scientist named Tu Youyou, was inspired to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria. This seemed to be a rather difficult feat, because there was almost no relevant research before. What’s more, some scientists showed a negative attitude towards it, which made it harder to achieve.
Although there were barriers, she never gave up. She had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease, and she devoted herself to the experiment whole-heartedly. After many attempts, she successfully realized her dream and was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine.
What impressed me most was her strong will. This makes me believe that I will achieve my goals.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本片書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于說(shuō)明文。要求考生寫(xiě)一篇以“我最?lèi)?ài)的科學(xué)家”為主題的短文去參加英語(yǔ)征文比賽。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
障礙：barriers→obstacles
不顧一切地：desperately→recklessly
很多的：many→numerous
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：She had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease, and she devoted herself to the experiment whole-heartedly.
拓展句：She had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease so that she devoted herself to the experiment whole-heartedly.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】What’s more, some scientists showed a negative attitude towards it, which made it harder to achieve.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】What impressed me most was her strong will.（運(yùn)用了what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句）
聽(tīng)力1-5 BACAC 6-10CABBA 11-15BCBAC

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