廣東省廣雅中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中考試試題（Word版附解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?2022-2023 學(xué)年上學(xué)期廣雅高二級期中測試試卷英語
本試卷共 11 頁，滿分 150 分，考試用時(shí) 120 分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號等信息填寫在答題卡上并用 2B 鉛筆填涂相應(yīng)位置。
2. 選擇題每小題選出答案后，用 2B 鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。
3. 非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。
4. 考生必須保持答題卡的平整，請勿折疊。
一、聽力部分(共兩節(jié)，滿分 15 分)
第一節(jié) 聽力理解 (4 段共 10 小題;每小題 1 分，滿分 10 分)
聽下面 4 段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題 5 秒鐘;
聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第 1 段材料，回答第 1-2 題。
1. Which program can call people’s telephone numbers?
A. Zoom. B. Facebook. C. Skype.
2. Why does the man use the free version?
A. It’s less expensive.
B. It’s perfect for his needs.
C. It’s a better deal for professionals.
聽第 2 段材料，回答第 3-4 題。
3. What does the man keep doing?
A. Lifting weights.
B. Telling the woman to take a break.
C. Adding more exercise to the woman.
4. What does the woman probably think about the exercise?
A. It’s useless. B. It’s too exciting. C. It’s very difficult.
聽第 3 段材料，回答第 5-7 題。
5. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
6. How is the woman feeling?
A. Pleased. B. Anxious. C. Confident.
7. Which department does the woman probably work in?
A. Support services. B. Technology. C. Marketing.
聽第 4 段材料，回答第 8-10 題。
8. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Fighting fires. B. Detecting fires. C. Using fires.
9. How many fires did California have in 2020?
A. About 400. B. Around 50. C. Over 8,600.
10. What size of fire can the new satellites discover?
A. Size of a plane. B. Size of a car. C. Size of a sports field.
第二節(jié) (共 5 小題;每小題 1 分，滿分 5 分)
聽下面一段獨(dú)白，請根據(jù)題目要求，從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入答題卡標(biāo)號為11-15的空格中。聽錄音前，你將有1 0 秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間。錄音讀兩遍。你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。
Chinese “Fan Circles” Culture
Members
Mostly girls and young women
Number
8 percent of the country’s ________ netizens under the age of 18

Supporting
It has played a key role in driving the________.
It meets teenagers’ psychological needs for________ and self-realization.

Opposing
Some behaviors should be stopped.
Examples: some devoted fans reportedly stole their parents’________ to buy products favored by their idols, or raised money for votes.
Some fans used bad language or false claims to insult other celebrities.

Measures
Sina Weibo has decided________its ranking list, which is established to show how popular and influential a star was.

二、語法單選(共 15 小題，每小題 1 分，滿分 15 分)
1. –Tom, you are late for school again!
–I am sorry, but you cannot imagine _________ difficulty I had _________ up this morning.
A. which; getting B. which; got C. what; getting D. what; got
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語從句和動(dòng)名詞。句意：—湯姆，你又遲到了！—對不起，但是你不能想象我今天早上起床有多么困難。分析句子可知，從句是賓語從句，從句中缺定語，根據(jù)句意引導(dǎo)詞用what；短語have difficulty（in）doing sth.中in 是介詞，其后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選C項(xiàng)。
2. After the fire，________________ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.
A. that B. it
C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：大火過后，原來是文化中心的地方現(xiàn)在變成了一堆灰燼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，故C項(xiàng)正確。
3. When we start gazing into the night sky with a telescope, soon we’ll be astonished by the realization _________ we and our world are part of this giant system.
A. that B. why C. as D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：當(dāng)我們開始用望遠(yuǎn)鏡凝視夜空時(shí)，我們會(huì)突然意識到我們和我們的世界都是這個(gè)巨大系統(tǒng)的一部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“we and our world are part of this giant system”是同位語從句，解釋說明the realization；同位語從句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，應(yīng)用連詞that引導(dǎo)從句，不作成分，無詞義。故選A項(xiàng)。
4. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which
C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：我們之所以選擇這家酒店，是因?yàn)檫@里一晚的價(jià)格降到20美元，是過去收費(fèi)的一半。分析句子可知，介詞of后跟賓語從句，在從句中作charge的賓語，表示“所……的”，要用what，故選C項(xiàng)。
5. There is no doubt _________ this candidate’s advantage _________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. that; makes up B. whether; goes against
C. that; lies in D. whether; leaves out
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：毫無疑問，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢在于他用英語和外國人交流的能力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知第一個(gè)空格用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句，且在從句不作成分。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，不作成分，也沒有意義。whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，不作成分，但意為“是否”。句中no doubt意為“沒有疑問”，所以后面不能加“是否”的意思，故第一個(gè)空用that。也可將“there is no doubt that…”句型按固定搭配去記憶。第二個(gè)空考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A. makes up組成，編造；B. goes against違反；C. lies in在于；D. leaves out遺漏，不考慮。根據(jù)語境可知，候選人的優(yōu)勢是在于他用英語和外國人交流的能力。故選C。
6. It is universally acknowledged that money flows to ________ it is that controls the scarce thing.
A. whom B. whomever C. who D. whoever
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，無論誰控制著這個(gè)稀缺的東西，資金都會(huì)流向他。根據(jù)主句謂語動(dòng)詞flows to可知此處是一個(gè)賓語從句，分析可知，賓語從句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，去掉it is that后句子缺少主語，根據(jù)句意，whoever“無論誰”引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作主語，whom和whomever不能作主語，who“誰”表示疑問。故選D項(xiàng)。
7. ____ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about.
A. If; what B. Whether; that C. When; that D. Whether; what
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：是否去北京的航班回推遲是我特別擔(dān)憂的事。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空為主語從句，在主語從句中句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整表“是否”含義，所以用whether引導(dǎo)；第二空為表語從句，在表語從句中缺賓語故用what。故選D。
8. The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House.
A. that; that B. that; when C. when; that D. when; when
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：格里永總是記得的激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻是當(dāng)他接近海港大橋和歌劇院的時(shí)候。第一空為定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞moment并在從句中作remember的賓語，所以用that引導(dǎo)；第二空為表語從句，從句不缺主賓表，缺少時(shí)間狀語，所以用when引導(dǎo)，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】解答定語從句關(guān)鍵分兩步，一是找準(zhǔn)先行詞，二是確定關(guān)系詞在從句中所做的成分，例如本題第一空，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為定語從句，先行詞為moment，從句中的remember缺少賓語而不缺時(shí)間狀語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that而不用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。
9. _______is known to us all is that Johnson broke his promise ______ he would come to help me as soon as possible.
A. It; that B. What; that C. As; which D. What; which
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：我們都知道，Johnson違背了他會(huì)盡快來幫助我的諾言。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，所以用what，第二空為同位語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以用that解釋promise的內(nèi)容，故B項(xiàng)正確。
10. The policeman asked the little boy to remain ______ he was and wait for his parents.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意：警察讓小男孩留在原地等他的父母。A. where哪里；B. what什么；C. how如何；D. who誰。句中動(dòng)詞不定式后remain為系動(dòng)詞，后接表語從句，表語從句中缺少表語，表示地點(diǎn)。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】remain是高中重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，高考經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。關(guān)于它的用法有以下幾點(diǎn)：
1.作不及物動(dòng)詞
1）表示“剩下”、“仍有”，只能用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可直接接賓語。
This visit will always remain in my memory.這次拜訪將永遠(yuǎn)留在我的記憶當(dāng)中。
2）表示“留下”、“逗留”
They went, but I remained. 他們走了，但我留下來了。
3）表示“尚待”、“留待”
This problem remains to be solved. 這個(gè)問題尚待解決。
2.作系動(dòng)詞
表示“一直保持”、“仍然（處于某種狀態(tài)）”
1）后接名詞
In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends. 他們雖然吵過架，但仍然是最好的朋友。
2）后接形容詞
We must always remain modest and calm. 我們必須經(jīng)常保持謙虛、謹(jǐn)慎。
3）后接動(dòng)名詞
She remained standing though we asked her to sit down. 雖然我們請她坐下，但她還是站著。
4）后面接seat時(shí)，seat要變成seated，看成形容詞形式，意思“就座的”。也就是remain+形容詞的句式
Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop. 在飛機(jī)完全停穩(wěn)前，請不要離開您的座位。
11. You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near ___________ a wedding reception ___________.
A. the place；is being held B. the place where；has been held
C. where；is being held D. which；has been held
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語從句和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果你住的地方離一直舉辦婚宴的地方較近的話，你極可能得不到足夠的睡眠。第一空如果視為先行詞加定語從句的話，應(yīng)為a/the place where；此處也可視為near的賓語從句，where在賓語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示最近一段時(shí)間一直發(fā)生的事情或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。根據(jù)句意及句子成分分析可知選C。
12. The policeman analyses the chief reasons ________ some cyclists and pedestrians will get caught in traffic accidents and ________they should do to prevent them.
A. when; that B. why; how
C. why; what D. that; where
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語從句和賓語從句。句意：警察分析了騎自行車和步行的人陷入交通事故的主要原因以及他們應(yīng)該做什么來預(yù)防。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，第一空為定語從句，先行詞為reasons，從句中缺少原因狀語，用why；第二空為賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作do的賓語，表達(dá)“做什么”，用what。故C項(xiàng)正確。
13. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—With so much work ________ my mind, I’ll almost ________.
A. filling; break up B. filled; break out C. filled; break off D. filling; break down
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：——快點(diǎn)，請告訴我有關(guān)這項(xiàng)工程的一些意見?！獙Σ黄穑覞M腦子都是工作，我快垮掉了。break up打破，結(jié)束；break out爆發(fā)；break off斷開，中止；break down分解，出故障，垮掉。第一空是“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語work和動(dòng)詞fill是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)語境可知，第二空指“身體垮掉”。故選D項(xiàng)。
14. The company is putting more money into the building of a new factory ________ the fast-growing demand for the products in the market.
A. in response to B. in return for C. in case of D. in place of
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：公司投入更多的資金建設(shè)新工廠以應(yīng)對市場對產(chǎn)品快速增長的需求。A. in response to作為對……的回應(yīng)；B. in return for作為回報(bào)；C. in case of萬一；D. in place of代替；根據(jù)下文“the fast-growing demand for the products in the market(市場對產(chǎn)品快速增長的需求)”可知，公司建設(shè)新工廠的目的是應(yīng)對市場需求，故選A項(xiàng)。
15. We have a wide selection of sweaters that is suitable for all ages, and _________ the teenager market.
A. in general B. in short C. in turn D. in particular
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我們有很多適合各個(gè)年齡層，特別是青少年市場的毛衣可供選擇。A. in general總的來說；B. in short簡而言之；C. in turn反過來；D. in particular特別是。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，此處應(yīng)用in particular，強(qiáng)調(diào)青少年市場。故選D。
三、閱讀理解(共 20 小題;每小題 2.5 分，滿分 50 分)
第一節(jié)(共 15 小題;每小題 2.5 分，滿分 37.5 分)
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
As a newly-added Olympic sport, surfing is attracting more attention than ever before. Here is a selection of the top surfing destinations across America.
Delaware
Coastal Delaware offers plenty of fun waves along the shore of several cute towns. Due to the waves crashing close to the shore Dewey beach is also a global skim boarding hotspot and happens to be the east coast capital for the sport.?If you’re planning a visit, check out the popular “Summer Vibes” festival for some beach fun.
Atlantic City, New Jersey
When world-famous surfer and Olympic Gold medalist Duke Kahanamoku, often referred to as “the father of surfing,” visited the mainland United States in the early 1900s, he rode his longboard off the coast of Atlantic City. The beaches here are wide and beautiful—and locals catch waves year-round.
The Rockaways, New York
Located a short distance from Manhattan, the Rockaways attracts new and experienced surfers from across the globe. Be sure to come prepared in winter with a wet suit, while summer brings much warmer water temperatures. Afterwards, explore the town as there’s plenty of cafes, boutiques, and restaurants steps from the sand.
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Situated about 45 minutes from Orlando, Cocoa Beach is a renowned surf town that’s home to two of the world’s best surfers (Caroline Marks and Kelly Slater) and a favorite for surfers of all levels. This family-friendly town has lots of activities for everyone. When you’re not in the water, you can stroll the Historic Cocoa Village and its shops, cafes, and galleries.
16. What is the most suitable time for surfers to enjoy beach fun in Delaware?
A. January. B. August. C. October. D. December.
17. What are you advised to do in the Rockaways?
A. Surf with Olympic Gold medalists.
B. Check out the surfing festival for fun.
C. Explore the ancient town on the beach.
D. Get prepared for the cold water in winter.
18. Which destination best suits a household?
A. Cocoa Beach. B. The Rockaways. C. Atlantic City. D. Delaware.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)美國頂級的沖浪地點(diǎn)。
【16題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Delaware”部分關(guān)鍵句“If you’re planning a visit, check out the popular “Summer Vibes” festival for some beach fun.”（如果你打算去旅游，可以去看看流行的“夏日氛圍”節(jié)，享受一下海灘上的樂趣。）可知，在特拉華州的“夏日氛圍”節(jié)，你可以享受海灘上的樂趣，根據(jù)節(jié)日名字可知，這是夏季舉辦的節(jié)日，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，“August”（八月）屬于夏季，由此可知，在特拉華州，沖浪者最適合在八月享受海灘樂趣。故選B項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The Rockaways, New York”部分關(guān)鍵句“Be sure to come prepared in winter with a wet suit, while summer brings much warmer water temperatures.”（冬天一定要有備而來，帶著防寒衣，而夏天的水溫要高得多。）可知，如果你冬天到洛威克沖浪，因?yàn)樗疁剌^冷，要帶著防寒衣，由此可知，在洛威克你被建議為冬天的冷水做好準(zhǔn)備，帶著防寒衣。故選D項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Cocoa Beach, Florida”部分關(guān)鍵句“This family-friendly town has lots of activities for everyone.”（這個(gè)適合家庭的小鎮(zhèn)有很多適合每個(gè)人的活動(dòng)。）可知，可可海灘是個(gè)適合全家人一起旅行的地方，有很多適合每個(gè)人的活動(dòng)，由此可知，可可海灘最適合一家人去旅行。故選A項(xiàng)。
B
Bob Cheek grew up on his parents’ farm in northern Tasmania and became a professional Australian rules football player. While many of his footballing peers went into running pubs, he was more interested in fitness, and invested in gyms “with varying degrees of success”.
He borrowed money to put into opening his first 24-hour gym in Hobart, Tasmania’s capital. “It was a risk. If it hadn’t worked out, I probably would have lost my house and everything else.” It was a struggle at first, he says, to get the local government officials to agree to it. “Twenty-four-hour gyms were unknown. They thought they were going to be the headquarters for drug distribution and murders. They couldn’t believe that people were going to go in at night and there would be no supervision (監(jiān)管).”
The first opened in March 2009. It was far cheaper than most gyms and appealed to a wider range of people, including those who worked shifts and wanted to exercise at less common times. 700 people joined before it even opened. He built more in Tasmania, usually taking over old video rental shops, which had gone out of business.
Cheek ended up owning 37 gyms across Australia, with plans to move into south-east Asia. Most of the members were under 40, and he says “it kept me young, too, being involved with all these younger people coming in. Gyms are the new meeting places for young people. In my day, everyone went to the pub; now they go to the gym. It was great seeing all these young people getting fit and having a good time, and older people as well.”
“It gave me a new lease of life,” he says. “My life has got better as it’s gone on: My 60s were one of the best decades of my life, and I think my 70s are even better. I know health can have a big say in that, but for me it was like a magic carpet ride, flying into my 60s. I didn’t even feel it—I felt like I was 35 again—and that’s about having a sense of purpose, building something and helping people. I worked really hard, but I loved it.”
19. What was the barrier to Cheek’s opening of his first 24-hour gym?
A. Lacking fund. B. Getting government approval.
C. Making profits. D. Addressing security issues.
20. How did Cheek keep his running cost down?
A. He employed part-time workers. B. He had fewer employees.
C. He made use of closed shops. D. He charged membership fees.
21. What makes younger people go to the gym nowadays?
A. The desire to meet older people. B. The closure of pubs.
C. The curiosity about novelty. D. The shift in their way of life.
22. What does running gyms bring Cheek?
A. A great wealth. B. A meaningful life.
C. A virtual world. D. A heavy burden.
【答案】19. B 20. C 21. D 22. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。介紹了一位澳大利亞運(yùn)動(dòng)員開辦24小時(shí)健身館的經(jīng)歷。
【19題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It was a struggle at first, he says, to get the local government officials to agree to it. “Twenty-four-hour gyms were unknown. They thought they were going to be the headquarters for drug distribution and murders. They couldn’t believe that people were going to go in at night and there would be no supervision (監(jiān)管).”(他說，起初很難讓當(dāng)?shù)卣賳T同意?！?4小時(shí)健身房是未知的。他們認(rèn)為他們將成為毒品分布和謀殺的場地。他們不能相信有人要在晚上進(jìn)去，而且沒有監(jiān)管”)”可知要開24小時(shí)健身館起步艱難是因?yàn)楹茈y讓政府官員同意，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為里面可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)毒品和謀殺而且不相信晚上會(huì)有人去鍛煉，所以政府可能不會(huì)批準(zhǔn)，故開24小時(shí)健身館最大的障礙是獲得政府的批準(zhǔn)；故選B項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。跟根據(jù)文章第三段“It was far cheaper than most gyms and appealed to a wider range of people, including those who worked shifts and wanted to exercise at less common times. 700 people joined before it even opened. He built more in Tasmania, usually taking over old video rental shops, which had gone out of business.(它比大多數(shù)健身房便宜得多，而且吸引了更廣泛的人群，包括那些輪班工作的人，他們希望在不那么平常的時(shí)間鍛煉。還沒開張就有700人加入了。他在Tasmania建立更多的健身館，通常是接管那些已經(jīng)倒閉的老錄像出租店)”可知他的健身館比大多數(shù)的健身館要便宜的多，因?yàn)樗ǔＪ墙庸苣男┑归]的的店鋪，這樣成本肯定比重新租賃新場所要低，故他利用倒閉的店鋪來降低運(yùn)營成本；故選C項(xiàng)。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Gyms are the new meeting places for young people. In my day, everyone went to the pub; now they go to the gym. It was great seeing all these young people getting fit and having a good time, and older people as well.(健身房是年輕人新的聚會(huì)場所。在我的那個(gè)年代，每個(gè)人都去酒吧；現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)ソ∩矸?。很高興看到所有這些年輕人變得健康并享受美好時(shí)光，還有老年人)”可知，在Cheek那個(gè)年代，年輕人去酒吧，但是現(xiàn)在，他們?nèi)ソ∩矸?，由此可知這是每個(gè)時(shí)代的生活方式的不同，導(dǎo)致年輕人的喜好發(fā)生改變，即如今年輕人熱愛健身運(yùn)動(dòng)是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘绞桨l(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變；故選D項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““It gave me a new lease of life,” he says. “My life has got better as it’s gone on: My 60s were one of the best decades of my life, and I think my 70s are even better. I know health can have a big say in that, but for me it was like a magic carpet ride, flying into my 60s. I didn’t even feel it—I felt like I was 35 again—and that’s about having a sense of purpose, building something and helping people. I worked really hard, but I loved it.”(“它讓我重獲新生，”他說?！半S著時(shí)間的推移，我的生活變得越來越好:我的60歲是我生命中最美好的十年之一，我認(rèn)為我的70歲甚至更好。我知道健康在這方面有很大的發(fā)言權(quán)，但對我來說，這就像是騎魔毯一樣，飛向我的60歲。我甚至沒有這種感覺——我感覺自己又回到了35歲——這就是有目標(biāo)感，建立某種東西和幫助別人。我工作很努力，但我很喜歡?！?”可知開健身館讓Cheek重獲新生一般，讓他感覺生活變得越來越好，因?yàn)樗辛私⒛撤N東西來幫助別人的目標(biāo)感，他很喜歡并且工作很努力，因?yàn)樗X得這些都是很有意義的，故推知開健身館給Cheek帶來一個(gè)有意義的人生；故選B項(xiàng)。
C
Awe is generally defined as the sense that you are in the presence of something larger and more consequential than yourself. According to a study called “awe walks”, people who took a fresh look at the world around them during brief, weekly walks felt more upbeat and hopeful in general than walkers who did not. Feeling a sense of awe also seems to up our overall feelings of gladness and improve health.
Previous studies have linked increased physical activity to greater happiness and reduced risks for anxiety, depression and other mental illnesses. But no studies had looked into whether mixing awe and activity might increase the benefits of or, on the other hand, reduce them. So, for the new study, scientists concentrated on people in their 60s, 70s and 80s, an age when some people can face risks for declining mental health.
The scientists asked 52 volunteers to add a weekly 15-minute walk to their normal schedules. All of them were physically healthy and psychologically well-adjusted, with little anxiety or depression. Then they were randomly divided into two groups. One, as a control group, was asked to start walking, preferably outside, but given few other requirements. The other group was not only asked to walk once a week, but also were instructed in how to cultivate awe as they walked. “Basically, we told them to try to go and walk somewhere new, since novelty helps to cultivate awe,” says Virginia Sturm, an associate professor who led the new study.
Both groups were asked to take a few selfies during their walks and upload them to a lab website and also complete a daily online assessment of their current mood. After eight weeks, the scientists compared the groups’ responses and photos. Not surprisingly, the awe walkers felt happier, less upset and more socially connected than the control group members.
The findings are subjective, though, since awe, like other emotions, is difficult to quantify, but Dr Sturm thinks awe walks could be a simple thing for small wonders without any downside.
23. What makes the new study different from the previous ones?
A. It concentrated on older people.
B. It found the solution to mental health.
C. It associated physical exercise with happiness.
D. It took both activity and awe into consideration.
24. What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A. Only the control group practiced weekly walks
B. The volunteers were suffering mental diseases .
C. Some volunteers were given directions.
D. The volunteers were divided by age .
25. Why are the findings regarded subjective?
A. The number of volunteers is small.
B. The 15-minute walk is not enough.
C. The awe emotion is hard to measure.
D. No downside of awe walks is found.
26. What is the attitude of Dr Sturm to “awe walks”?
A. Reserved. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical.
【答案】23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了將敬畏感和活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來能增強(qiáng)人的幸福感，有利于精神健康。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“But no studies had looked into whether mixing awe and activity might increase the benefits(但是沒有研究調(diào)查過是否把敬畏感和運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合起來會(huì)提高益處)”可知，新研究不同于之前的研究的地方在于把敬畏感和活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來考慮，故選D項(xiàng)。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The other group was not only asked to walk once a week, but also were instructed in how to cultivate awe as they walked.(另一組不僅被要求每周散步一次，而且被指導(dǎo)在散步的時(shí)候如何培養(yǎng)敬畏感)”可知，有一些志愿者被給予了指導(dǎo)，故選C項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“The findings are subjective, though, since awe, like other emotions, is difficult to quantify(然而這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是很主觀的，因?yàn)榫次犯泻推渌那榫w一樣是很難量化的)”可知，敬畏感難以測量，故選C項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dr Sturm thinks awe walks could be a simple thing for small wonders without any downside.( Sturm先生認(rèn)為有敬畏感的散步對于小奇跡來說可能是一件簡單的事情，沒有任何負(fù)面影響)”可以推理出，Sturm先生對于有敬畏感的散步持支持的態(tài)度，故選B項(xiàng)。
D
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an important problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
27. How does the author feels about Johnson’s concerns?
A. Approving. B. Unconcerned C. Doubtful D. Excited.
28. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
29. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
30. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Quantum Computing A Solution to all Challenges?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它宣傳的那樣成功嗎？”展開論述，并展示了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒的觀點(diǎn)。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson (但是我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣)”可知，作者相信約翰遜，所以對約翰遜的擔(dān)憂會(huì)持支持的態(tài)度，故選A項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm ‘by a very large margin ( 幅度 )’ to building a ‘useful’ quantum computer, one that ‘solves an important problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.’ He adds, ‘People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.’(他說，這家公司比其他任何公司都在很大程度上接近于制造出有用的量子計(jì)算機(jī)，它解決了一個(gè)有影響力的問題，否則我們無法解決這個(gè)問題。他還補(bǔ)充說道：“人們自然不會(huì)相信我的觀點(diǎn)，但是我已經(jīng)花了很多時(shí)間來定量地比較我們與他人的做法”)”可推知，泰勒對量子計(jì)算的樂觀來自于他對PyQuantum的信心，故選C項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但是約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別……被炒作，或許是因?yàn)榱孔哟砹艘恍┠憧赡懿焕斫獾暮芸岬臇|西)”可推出，量子計(jì)算因量子代表了很酷的東西，所以容易被人炒作，劃線詞的含義應(yīng)為“容易……的”，與形容詞open“(容易)受……的”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段“Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. (量子計(jì)算機(jī)最近一直縈繞在我的腦海里。一位朋友一直在給我發(fā)文章，討論量子計(jì)算機(jī)如何幫助解決我們?nèi)祟惷媾R的一些最大挑戰(zhàn)。我還和兩位量子計(jì)算專家交流過。其中一位是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜，我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)幫助保持該領(lǐng)域誠實(shí)的人。另一位是物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒。)”、第二段中“This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.(這種炒作讓約翰遜很惱火。)”和第五段中“Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.(泰勒和約翰遜一樣擔(dān)心炒作，但他說這些擔(dān)憂并不適用于PyQuantum。)”可推知，作者通過計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒的交流，探討了量子計(jì)算是否是炒作，探討了它成功的可能。所以D項(xiàng)“Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?(量子計(jì)算會(huì)像它宣傳的那樣成功嗎？)”是文章主題的最佳概括，適合作為標(biāo)題，故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) (共 5 小題;每小題 2.5 分，滿分 12.5 分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Up in the air—a history of ballooning
The first kind of air transportation was the balloon. People traveled by balloon one hundred years before there were planes or jet aircraft. Those early days of ballooning were exciting, but they were also risky. ___31___ However, the danger did not stop the balloonists.
The first real balloon flight was in France in 1783. Two French brothers made a balloon. ___32___Hot air is lighter than cold air, so it goes up. The hot air balloon went up 1,000 feet in the sky.
___33___They built a fire under the balloon to make the air hot. This made the balloon stay up in the air for a few hours. But their balloon was tied to the ground. So it could not go anywhere.
Soon balloonists tried longer flights. In 1785, an American and a Frenchman flew over the English Channel. They left England on a cold, clear January day. Halfway across, their balloon began to drop toward the water. They threw out some equipment and food to make the balloon lighter. The balloon continued to fall, so they threw out almost everything in the basket -even some of their clothes. ___34___
During the nineteenth century, ballooning became a popular sport and balloons were also used by scientists to study the air and by armies in war time. After the airplane was invented, however, interest in balloons decreased dramatically. But some people today still like to go up in balloons. ___35___What’s more, they have a wonderful view of the world below.
A. They filled a very large paper bag with hot air.
B. High up in the balloon basket, they find quiet.
C. Sometimes the balloons fell suddenly and sometimes they burned.
D. Back then, few people understood how they were able to fly so far.
E. Finally, after about three hours, they landed in France, cold but safe.
F. Balloon races and displays remain popular all over the world to this very day.
G. Later that same year, two other Frenchmen ascended in a basket under a balloon.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. G 34. E 35. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了熱氣球發(fā)展的歷史過程。
【31題詳解】
空前提到：早期的熱氣球是令人興奮的，但也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該空承接上文，且和空后一句（危險(xiǎn)并沒有阻止氣球駕駛員）構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此，該空應(yīng)該仍然提到熱氣球的危險(xiǎn)。C選項(xiàng)（有時(shí)氣球會(huì)突然掉下來，有時(shí)會(huì)燃燒起來）符合語境。故選C。
【32題詳解】
前一句提到：兩個(gè)法國兄弟做了一個(gè)氣球。該空承接上文，應(yīng)該介紹兩兄弟做氣球的相關(guān)信息。A選項(xiàng)（他們在一個(gè)很大的紙袋里裝滿了熱空氣）符合語境。故選A。
【33題詳解】
下一句提到：他們在氣球下面生了一堆火，使空氣變熱。該空位于句首，結(jié)合空后一句中的they可知，該空繼續(xù)介紹熱氣球的發(fā)展，且空處應(yīng)該提到表示人的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，G選項(xiàng)（同年晚些時(shí)候，另外兩名法國人乘坐一個(gè)氣球下的籃子升了上去）符合語境。故選G。
【34題詳解】
該段敘述的是1875年，一位法國人和美國人乘坐熱氣球橫跨英吉利海峽的過程。空前提到，走到一半的時(shí)候，熱氣球開始下降，他們不得不將熱氣球上的東西扔掉。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)（最后，大約三個(gè)小時(shí)后，他們在法國著陸了，雖然很冷，但很安全）符合語境。故選E。
【35題詳解】
空前提到：今天有些人仍然喜歡乘氣球上去?？蘸蟮膚hat’s more介紹的人們乘坐熱氣球的原因。該空和空后并列，應(yīng)該分析這些人喜歡乘坐氣球的原因。B選項(xiàng)（在氣球籃里，他們找到了安靜）符合語境。故選B。
四、完形填空(共 15 小題;每小題 1 分，滿分 15 分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C 和D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in science class. It was really quite stuck. This young man’s finger ____36____to get whiter and whiter right before my eyes.
Remaining____37____, I suggested he carefully rotate (轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)) the tube. It wouldn’t move a bit. He ____38____ soap and cold water. Still stuck. Meanwhile ____39____ was breaking out in the class. Finally, I ____40____ the young man to our secretary who was a miracle worker raising three kids of her own. With her in charge, I was____41____ all would be OK.
To get the students back in order, I shared my own story of getting my knee stuck between the rails of a balcony. Same kind of curiosity, I remembered ____42____ then how far I could thrust ( 塞 ) my knee between the rails. Inch by inch, I kept pushing and____43____ I knew it, my knee was stuck and ____44____ before my eyes and in front of lots of ____45____ at a popular Las Vegas hotel!
Hearing my story, many students followed with their own stories of heads, arms, fingers stuck in places they shouldn’t____46____. A few minutes later, the young man came back, test tube unbroken and finger____47____ to a lovely shade of pink.
I just couldn’t get mad at this kid. He’s only twelve. I too got my knee unstuck, but not without great ____48____ . The excuse for me, however, was not ____49____ but plain stupidity. I was____50____ fifty years old when this happened.
36. A. used B. appealed C. happened D. continued
37. A. calm B. silent C. quite D. professional
38. A. chose B. fetched C. tried D. applied
39. A. fire B. chaos C. violence D. argument
40. A. described B. carried C. introduced D. sent
41. A. informed B. convinced C. acknowledged D. guaranteed
42. A. calculating B. measuring C. wondering D. imagining
43. A. until B. when C. before D. after
44. A. hanging B. lifting C. resting D. swelling
45. A. waiters B. strangers C. visitors D. firemen
46. A. be B. exist C. stay D. stop
47. A. pointing B. returning C. belonging D. growing
48. A. encouragement B. disappointment C. embarrassment D. excitement
49. A. ambition B. youth C. bravery D. experiment
50. A. somehow B. in total C. after all D. at any rate
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)學(xué)生在作者的課堂上把手指卡在了試管里，嘗試多種辦法都失敗了，最后把他送到秘書那里，把手指拿出來了。班里一片混亂，為了穩(wěn)定學(xué)生作者與同學(xué)們分享了各自被卡的經(jīng)歷。
【36題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)年輕人的手指在我眼前繼續(xù)變得越來越白。A. used 使用；B. appealed吸引；C. happened 發(fā)生；D. continued 繼續(xù)、持續(xù)。前文“It was really quite stuck.”可知，手指一直卡著，會(huì)繼續(xù)（continue）變白。故選D。
【37題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我保持冷靜，建議他小心地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)管子。A. calm 冷靜的；B. silent 沉默的；C. quite非常；D. professional專業(yè)的。下文“I suggested he carefully rotate(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)) the tube”說明，我保持冷靜（calm），故選A。
【38題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他嘗試著用肥皂和冷水。但依然卡住了。A. chose選擇；B. fetched拿來；C. tried 嘗試；D. applied應(yīng)用。根據(jù)后文“soap and cold water”可知，手指卡住后，嘗試（try）著用肥皂和冷水，讓手可以從管子中出來。故選C。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，教室里一片混亂。A. fire火；B. chaos混亂；C. violence暴力； D. argument爭論。根據(jù)后文“To get the students back in order”說明，教室里一片混亂（chaos）。故選B。
【40題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我把這個(gè)年輕人交給了我們的秘書，她是個(gè)了不起的人，自己養(yǎng)了三個(gè)孩子。A. described描述；B. carried搬運(yùn)；C. introduced介紹；D. sent發(fā)送，交給。根據(jù)后文“the young man to our secretary”指把這個(gè)年輕人交給了我們的秘書，故選D。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有她負(fù)責(zé)，我相信一切都會(huì)好的。A. informed通知；B. convinced信服；C. acknowledged承認(rèn)；D. guaranteed保證。根據(jù)后文“all would be OK.”可知，指作者相信秘書，相信一切都會(huì)好的。故選B。
【42題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：出于同樣的好奇心，我記得當(dāng)我想知我的膝蓋能在欄桿之間伸多遠(yuǎn)。A．calculating 計(jì)算；B. measuring測量；C．wondering 想知道；D．imagining想象。作者將膝蓋塞進(jìn)欄桿是想知道（wonder）膝蓋能在欄桿之間伸多遠(yuǎn)。故選C。
43題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，我不停地推，在不知不覺中，我的膝蓋被卡住了，在我眼前，在拉斯維加斯一家很受歡迎的酒店里當(dāng)著很多陌生人的面，并腫了起來。A. until直到；B. when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。根據(jù)后文“I knew it”可知，指在作者意識到之前，故選C。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，我不停地推，在不知不覺中，我的膝蓋被卡住了，在我眼前，在拉斯維加斯一家很受歡迎的酒店里當(dāng)著很多陌生人的面，并腫了起來。A．hanging懸掛；B．lifting 抬起；C．resting 休息；D．swelling 腫脹。前文“my knee was stuck”說明膝蓋腫了（swell）。故選D。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，我不停地推，在不知不覺中，我的膝蓋被卡住了，在我眼前，在拉斯維加斯一家很受歡迎的酒店里當(dāng)著很多陌生人的面，并腫了起來。A. waiters服務(wù)員；B. strangers陌生人；C. visitors游客；D. firemen消防員。根據(jù)后文“at a popular Las Vegas hotel”可知是在酒店里的陌生人前面，故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：聽了我的故事，許多學(xué)生也講述了他們自己的故事，他們的頭、胳膊、手指卡在了不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的地方。A. be是；B. exist存在；C. stay停留；D. stop停止。根據(jù)上文“their own stories of heads, arms, fingers stuck in places they shouldn’t”可知，指頭、胳膊、手指卡在了不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的地方。故選A。
【47題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，這個(gè)年輕人回來了，試管完好無損，他的手指又恢復(fù)到一種可愛的粉紅色。A．pointing 指向；B．returning 返回； C．belonging 屬于；D．growing 增長。前文手指“get whiter and whiter”，但下文是“l(fā)ovely pink”，所以手指是恢復(fù)到（return to）正常，故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的膝蓋拿出來了，但還是會(huì)尷尬。A．encouragement 鼓勵(lì)；B．disappointment 失望；C．embarrassment 尷尬；D．excitement激動(dòng)。前文“my knee was stuck and __10__ before my eyes and in front of lots of strangers at a popular Las Vegas hotel!”說明，我尷尬（embarrassment）。故選C。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我的借口不是年輕而是單純的愚蠢。A．a(chǎn)mbition 雄心；B. youth 年輕；C．bravery 勇敢；D．experiment 實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)后文“I was after all fifty years old when this happened.”可知，此處是說我的借口不是年輕（youth）。故選B。
【50題詳解】
考查短語辨析。句意：這件事發(fā)生的時(shí)候我畢竟已經(jīng)50歲了。A. somehow不知怎么；B．in total總共；C．a(chǎn)fter all畢竟； D. at any rate無論如何。下文“fifty years old when this happened”說明追根究底所得的結(jié)論，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，畢竟（after all）符合語境，故選C。
五、語法填空 (共 10 小題，每小題 1.5 分，滿分 15 分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Lu frequently finds its way in Chinese dishes. It ____51____ (origin) meant salted water use for meat that’s boiled, and then served cold, and for vegetables.
“Salt is the core ____52____ Lu, even more important than spices. Spices can add a pleasant smell or remove some smells, ____53____ it is the salt that is crucial to the flavor,” says Cao Yu, a food writer at Jinan University.
The earliest____54____ (preserve) recipes for making Lu date back to Qimin Yaoshu, an ancient Chinese agricultural text written in the 5th century.
Cao believes the Lu we know today emerged around the Ming dynasty,____55____ private agricultural businesses and food markets sprang up in China. ____56____ (attract) customers, these businesses began introducing new flavors to Lu by adding spices. And they then used it to season cooked meats and vegetables that____57____ (sell) cold for takeaway.
In the ____58____ (century) since, Lu has been diversified, taking on the characteristics of each of China’s regional cuisines. For example, in Sichuan province, fragrant peppercorn (干胡椒 ) is put into Lu to add flavor and____59____ (intense).
Some Lu is even alcoholic: Zao Lu is____60____ light one made from the fermented rice remains from making Chinese yellow wine. Zao Lu is used across south-eastern China to season vegetables.
【答案】51. originally 52. of
53. but 54. preserved
55. when 56. To attract
57. were sold
58. centuries
59. intensity 60. a
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了鹵菜的起源，發(fā)展以及它的特色。
【51題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：它最初的意思是用鹽水煮肉，然后涼著吃，還有蔬菜。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾動(dòng)詞，需要副詞。origin為名詞“起源”，其副詞形式為originally，意為“最初”。故填originally。
【52題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：鹽是鹵菜的核心，甚至比香料更重要。the core of意為“……的核心”，空格處用of表所屬。故填of。
【53題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：香料可以增加一種宜人的氣味或去除一些氣味，但鹽對味道至關(guān)重要。根據(jù)空前可知，香料可以增加一種宜人的氣味或去除一些氣味，但是鹽對味道至關(guān)重要，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。
【54題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：最早的制作鹵菜的秘方可以追溯到《齊民要術(shù)》，這是一本寫于5世紀(jì)的中國古代農(nóng)業(yè)著作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞date back to，所以空處需要非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，recipes和preserve之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此空格處用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，故填preserved。
【55題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：曹認(rèn)為，我們今天所知道的鹵菜出現(xiàn)在明代，當(dāng)時(shí)中國出現(xiàn)了私營農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)和食品市場。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the Ming dynasty，先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)。故填when。
【56題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了吸引顧客，這些企業(yè)開始通過向鹵菜添加調(diào)味品引進(jìn)新口味。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子已有謂語動(dòng)詞began，空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“為了吸引顧客，這些企業(yè)開始通過向鹵菜添加調(diào)味品引進(jìn)新口味”，空格處用不定式表目的，位于句首的單詞首字母大寫，故填To attract。
【57題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：然后他們用它來調(diào)味冷藏出售的熟肉和蔬菜，作為外賣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，熟肉和蔬菜被賣，句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子描述過去的事情，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，因此空格處是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞meats and vegetables，“meats and vegetables”為復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是were sold，故填were sold。
【58題詳解】
考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在此后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，鹵菜已經(jīng)變得多樣化，呈現(xiàn)出中國各地區(qū)菜系的特點(diǎn)。century是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示不止一個(gè)世紀(jì)，因此空格處用復(fù)數(shù)，故填centuries。
【59題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：例如，在四川省，香噴噴的胡椒被放入鹵菜中，以增加風(fēng)味和濃度。根據(jù)and前面的favor可知，空處需要名詞作add的并列賓語。intense為形容詞“強(qiáng)烈的”，其名詞形式為intensity，意為“濃度”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填intensity。
【60題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：有些Lu甚至含酒精：早露是一種清淡的酒，用中國黃酒釀造的發(fā)酵大米殘?jiān)瞥?。根?jù)語境可知，早露是一種清淡的酒，所以要用不定冠詞表示泛指，空后的單詞light為輔音音素開始的單詞，要用不定冠詞a。故填a。
六、單詞拼寫(共 15 小題，每小題 1 分，共 15 分)
請用 XB1U5-XB2U1 以及第 3 期和第 5 期報(bào)紙所學(xué)的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空只填一個(gè)單詞。76-80 請根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的英文解釋和首字母填入單詞的正確形式，填入答題卡時(shí)需寫出完整單詞。
61. Her latest film has g________(to cause something to exist) a lot of excitement. （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
【答案】generated##enerated
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她最近的一部電影引起了很大的轟動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。助動(dòng)詞has后接動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。根據(jù)首字母提示及句意，故填generated。
62. It is e________(vital) that our prices remain competitive. （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：至關(guān)重要的是，我們的價(jià)格仍然具有競爭力。It is essential that...至關(guān)重要的是。根據(jù)首字母提示及句意，故填essential。
63. According to official s________(data), the Japanese work longer hours than workers in most other industrialized countries. （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
【答案】statistics##tatistics
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)，日本人的工作時(shí)間比大多數(shù)其他工業(yè)化國家的工人都要長。根據(jù)單詞首字母可知應(yīng)填名詞statistics，作賓語。故填statistics。
64. She’s carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and r________ (countryside) areas. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】rural##ural
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：她正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)關(guān)于內(nèi)城和農(nóng)村地區(qū)健康狀況的比較研究。空格處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞areas，countryside意為“農(nóng)村”，由首字母提示r可知，空格處是rural，意為“農(nóng)村的”，故填rural。
65. He seems to have reached the p________(the highest) of his tennis career. （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
【答案】peak##eak
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他似乎已經(jīng)達(dá)到了網(wǎng)球生涯的巔峰。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意可知應(yīng)填名詞peak，作賓語。故填peak。
81-85 請根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的單詞填入單詞同根詞的正確形式。
66. The ________(find) of the survey puzzle me — they’re not at all what I would have expected. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】findings
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：調(diào)查的結(jié)果令我困惑——它們完全不是我所期望的。空格處用名詞作主語，find的名詞是finding，意為“結(jié)果”，由后面的they可知，空格處用復(fù)數(shù)，故填findings。
67. The current structure does not ________(facility) efficient work flow. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】facilitate
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：目前的結(jié)構(gòu)不能促進(jìn)高效的工作流程。作謂語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞facilitate，為否定陳述句。故填facilitate。
68. What makes you think that you are ________(qualification) for this job? （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】qualified
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：是什么使你認(rèn)為你能勝任這份工作？作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞qualified。故填qualified。
69. The organization has had six directors, each with a ________(distinct) different management style. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】distinctive
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)有六個(gè)理事，每個(gè)理事有著獨(dú)特的管理風(fēng)格。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處作定語修飾后面名詞management style，應(yīng)使用形容詞形式，故填distinctive。
70. She has a lot of ________ (practice) experience in dealing with these kinds of problems. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】practical
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：她在處理這類問題方面有很多實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。空格處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞experience，practice的形容詞是practical，意為“實(shí)際的”，故填practical。
86-90 請根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的中文填入單詞的正確形式。
71. Known as the “Father of the Green Revolution,” Borlaug helped lay the groundwork for agricultural technological advances that________(緩解) world hunger. （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】alleviated
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：博洛格被譽(yù)為“綠色革命之父”，他幫助為緩解全球饑餓的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步奠定了基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞alleviate，結(jié)合上文helped可知為一般過去時(shí)。故填alleviated。
72. The President’s speech covered a range of foreign and________(國內(nèi)的) issues. （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】domestic
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：總統(tǒng)的演講涉及了一系列國內(nèi)外問題。名詞issues前用形容詞修飾。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填domestic。
73. Supermarkets have reduced the competition, particularly for________(食品雜貨). （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】 groceries
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：超市已經(jīng)減少了競爭，尤其是在食品雜貨方面。介詞for后接名詞形式。名詞grocery為可數(shù)名詞，前無冠詞，泛指，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填groceries。
74. The results of these structural changes have tended to be________(矛盾的). （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這些結(jié)構(gòu)性變化的結(jié)果往往是矛盾的。根據(jù)提示可知應(yīng)填形容詞contradictory，作表語。故填contradictory。
75. There appears to be ________ (大量的，價(jià)值巨大的) evidence connecting people’s mental health and their online habits. （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】substantial
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：似乎有大量的證據(jù)關(guān)于人們的精神健康和他們的網(wǎng)上行為之間有關(guān)聯(lián)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處需填形容詞作定語修飾后面名詞evidence，根據(jù)漢語提示，表示“大量的，價(jià)值巨大的”含義的形容詞為substantial，故填substantial。
七、短語填空(共 10 小題，每小題 1 分，共 10 分)
請用 XB1U5-XB1U1 以及第 3 期和第 5 期報(bào)紙所學(xué)的短語的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空只填一個(gè)單詞。
76. The committee ________ ________ ________ (由……組成) representatives from both the public and private sectors. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. was ②. comprised ③. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：該委員會(huì)由公營和私營機(jī)構(gòu)的代表組成。根據(jù)提示可知短語為be comprised of，結(jié)合語境可知為一般過去時(shí)。故填was comprised of。
77. I’m afraid I________ ________ ________ ________(除了……別無選擇) to ask you to leave. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. have ②. no ③. choice ④. but
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。句意：我恐怕別無選擇只能讓你離開。根據(jù)漢語提示，表示“除了……別無選擇”含義的動(dòng)詞固定搭配為：have no choice but to do，故填have no choice but。
78. The team proved________ ________ ________ ________(徹底地) that they are the best. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. once ②. and ③. for ④. all
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：這支球隊(duì)一勞永逸地證明了他們是最好的。根據(jù)漢語提示可知短語為once and for all，故填once and for all。
79. I have never________ ________(贊同) the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. subscribed ②. to
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：我從來不同意學(xué)生時(shí)代是一生中最快樂的日子這一觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知為短語subscribe to，結(jié)合上文have可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填subscribed to。
80. She is________ ________ ________(負(fù)責(zé)) hiring new employees.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. in ②. charge ③. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：她負(fù)責(zé)招聘新員工。“負(fù)責(zé)”是固定短語in charge of，故填in，charge，of。
81. A spokesman said that bad weather________ ________ ________ ________(對……負(fù)責(zé)) the delay. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. was ②. to ③. blame ④. for
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：一位發(fā)言人說，惡劣的天氣是延誤的原因。根據(jù)提示可知短語為be to blame for，結(jié)合上文said可知為一般過去時(shí)，主語是不可數(shù)名詞。故填was to blame for。
82. He was________ ________(懷疑) giving away government secrets to the enemy. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ① suspected ②. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：他被懷疑向敵人泄露政府的機(jī)密。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因句子中有兩個(gè)空格，需使用固定短語，根據(jù)漢語提示，表示“被懷疑……”含義的固定短語為：be suspected of，空前已有was，故填suspected of。
83 The officials were eager to ________ ________ ________ (使我們信服)the safety of the nuclear reactors. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. convince ②. us ③. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語。句意：官員們急于使我們信服核反應(yīng)堆是安全的。convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事。be eager to do sth.急于做某事。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填 convince us of 。
84. It was several weeks before he was completely________ ________(免于) pain. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. free ②. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語。句意：過了幾個(gè)星期，他才完全擺脫了疼痛。free of免于。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填free of。
85. They need to________ ________ ________(容忍) different points of view. （根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. be ②. tolerant ③. of
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語。句意：他們需要容忍不同的觀點(diǎn)。be tolerant of容忍。need to do sth.需要做某事。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填be tolerant of。
八、書面表達(dá)(滿分 15 分)
86. 假定你是中學(xué)生李華，某英文網(wǎng)站 science 專欄正在舉辦“是什么造就了偉大的科學(xué)家?”為主題的征文活動(dòng)，請你寫一篇英語短文向網(wǎng)站投稿。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 陳述你所認(rèn)為的科學(xué)家應(yīng)該具備的品質(zhì)，如：想象力、質(zhì)疑精神、興趣、堅(jiān)持、同情心等（不少于兩點(diǎn)）；
2. 談?wù)勗?需舉例說明)。
注意：
1. 字?jǐn)?shù)約 120 詞。2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3. 標(biāo)題已給出，不計(jì)入總字?jǐn)?shù)。
What shapes a great scientist?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What shapes a great scientist?
Talking about great scientists, we are often reminded of people like QianXueSen or HuangXuHua. It is true that they are great, but what shapes them in their growth? Actually, I strongly believe that hobby and determination are what shape a great scientist.
As we all know, YuanLongPing was one of the greatest scientists of our country. When he was young he had a dream and determined to solve his motherland’s crop problem. It was determination that carried him from a common citizen to one of the greatest scientists. If you are familiar with him I think you should know that YuanLongPing enjoy swimming, volleyball as well as motor cycling in his spare time. It is hobbies that add color to his scientific life and help him rest for a while after a day’s hard work.
Therefore as far as I am concerned hobby and determination are two elements that shape a great scientist.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇開放作文。要求考生以李華的名義寫一篇征文以“是什么造就了偉大的科學(xué)家”為主題向網(wǎng)站投稿。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
經(jīng)常：often→ frequently
決心做某事：determine to do sth.→be determined to do sth./make up one’s mind to do sth.
解決：solve→ settle
空閑的：spare→free
2.句式拓展
同義句
原句：As we all know, YuanLongPing was one of the greatest scientists of our country.
拓展句：What we all know is that YuanLongPing was one of the greatest scientists of our country.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Talking about great scientists, we were often reminded of people like QianXueSen or HuangXuHua.（使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

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