
?重難點(diǎn)17 被動(dòng)語態(tài)-2023年中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】專練(全國通用)
專項(xiàng)二 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)
重難點(diǎn)17 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一:被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型
句型
構(gòu)成
例句
肯定句
主語 + be + 過去分詞( + by... )
English is spoken everywhere. 到處有人說英語。
否定句
主語 + be + not + 過去分詞( + by…)
English isn’ t spoken by people here. 這里的人不說英語。
一般疑問句
Be + 主語 + 過去分詞(+ by...)?
—Was Tom asked to come early? 湯姆被要求早點(diǎn)來嗎?—Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他沒有。
特殊疑問句
特殊疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 過去分詞(+by...)?
Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?
二:被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式
時(shí)態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu)
例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
主語 + am/is/are + 過去分詞 + 其他
History is made by the people. 歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。These books are designed for children. 這些書是為孩子們設(shè)計(jì)的。
一般過去時(shí)
主語 + was/were + 過去分詞 + 其他
The letter was written in English. 這封信是用英語寫的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。
一般將來時(shí)
主語 + will be + 過去分詞 + 其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作將保留到你回來。When will the work be finished? 這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成?
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+ am/is/am + being + 過去分詞 +其他
A new railway is being built. 一條新鐵路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因?yàn)槲业能囌谛蘩?,所以我不得不坐出租車去上班?br />
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+ was/were + being + 過去分詞+ 其他
The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 這個(gè)個(gè)大廳去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了沒有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 當(dāng)我經(jīng)過那個(gè)村莊時(shí),道路正在加寬。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主語 +have/has been + 過去分詞 + 其他
He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎?
過去完成時(shí)
主語 + had been + 過去分詞 + 其他
The room had been broken into before we came. 我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過這間屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那兒時(shí),一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過去分詞 + 其他
Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受熱,水會(huì)變成蒸氣。
三:被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
用法
例句
不知道或者不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者
How is this word pronounced? 這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音?The book was published in 2005. 這本書是2005年出版的。
強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者
School will be opened in our village. 我們村將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。
當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時(shí)
He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。
表示委婉或禮貌,避免提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者
I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。
句法修飾的需要
The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 喬要做這個(gè)報(bào)告,他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。
有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
He was born in this city. 他出生在這個(gè)城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 據(jù)報(bào)道,他是來自新西蘭的一位教授。
四:主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)
說明
例句
含有單個(gè)賓語的主動(dòng)句,即"主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 賓語":把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,并依據(jù)上表(被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式)謂語改為被動(dòng)形式;如果需要說明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,則需加上"by + 主動(dòng)句的主語(人稱代詞賓格)"。
The famous professor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English.
那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報(bào)告。
They often ask some questions after class.
→Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.
他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。
含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句,即"主語 + 間接賓語+ 直接賓語":當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時(shí),可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個(gè)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語,而另一個(gè)保持不動(dòng)。但是,當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí),間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。
The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.
→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.
老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。
含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句,即"主語 + 賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語":把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,賓補(bǔ)保持不動(dòng)(成為主語補(bǔ)足語,簡稱主補(bǔ))。
We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我們叫他李華。
They painted the room white.
→The room was painted white. 他們把房間刷成了白色。
【易錯(cuò)警示】感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),需要在動(dòng)詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號(hào)to,即"be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth"。
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.
→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 剛才他們看見她進(jìn)入了會(huì)議室。
含有動(dòng)詞短語(作謂語)的主動(dòng)句:謂語為及物動(dòng)詞短語的主動(dòng)句方可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。
They take good care of these children.→These children are taken good care of.
他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。
We should make full use of the good chance.
→The good chance should be made full use of.
我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機(jī)會(huì)。
【易錯(cuò)警示】動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),把它們看作一個(gè)整體變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉。
五:主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
情況
例句
說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動(dòng)詞,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,如:lock,open,read,sell,teach,wash,write等。
The cloth washes well. 這種布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的連系動(dòng)詞,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,如:smell,feel,taste,sound等。
This piece of music sounds good. 這段音樂聽起來不錯(cuò)。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月餅嘗起來很美味。
某些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,如:need,want,require,worth等。
The bike needs repairing. 這輛自行車需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。
【知識(shí)拓展】常見的被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的詞組:
be seated 坐著,就座????????be hidden 躲藏????????be lost 迷路
be drunk 喝醉???????????????be dressed 穿著
被動(dòng)語態(tài)記憶口訣
被動(dòng)語態(tài)記憶口訣被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)"賓",用 be加上"過去分"。
"be"要隨著主語變,人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。
"行為對象"作主語,邏輯主語"by"來引。
原句若是雙賓語,一變"主"來一保"賓"。
"間賓"要把主語變,原來"直賓"還是"賓"。
"直賓"要把主語變,"間賓"前加"to"最稱心。
唯有原"賓"是"復(fù)合",只有變賓要當(dāng)心。
原句"賓補(bǔ)"變"主補(bǔ)",位置不必挪寸分。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變"被動(dòng)",情態(tài)加be加過分。
如若"情態(tài)"后帶to,變后有to才弄準(zhǔn)。
"短語動(dòng)詞"變"被動(dòng)",相當(dāng)"及物"莫疑心。
不過其后"介"或"副",變后還得要承認(rèn)。
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是中考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的語法項(xiàng)目之一??碱}多以具體的語境為主,體現(xiàn)了對語法知識(shí)、語境理解、語言交際能力的綜合考查。
中考考查重點(diǎn):
1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型;2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式;3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法;4. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài);5. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
典例解析
【2020 ?無錫市】
1.The bush fires in Australia ________ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead.
A.were run out B.run out C.were put out D.put out
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
(2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題)
2.—What a mess! The sharing bikes ________ everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place so that they can be used conveniently.
A.throw B.threw C.is thrown D.a(chǎn)re thrown
(2022·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
3.It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago.
A.invents B.invented C.was invented D.is invented
(2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
4.Three Chinese astronauts(宇航員) ________ to China Space Station successfully on June 5, 2022.
A.sent B.a(chǎn)re sent C.were sent
(2022·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
5.The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us.
A.is forgotten B.forget C.be forgotten D.forgot
(2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
6.Some new schools ________ in our city next year.
A.a(chǎn)re built B.were built C.will build D.will be built
(2022·廣西百色·統(tǒng)考二模)
7.So far, many people’s lives ________ with the help of the doctors and nurses.
A.a(chǎn)re saved B.were saved C.will be saved D.have been saved
(2022·江西南昌·模擬預(yù)測)
8.Don’t eat the cake. It ________ in the fridge for more than a week.
A.will be kept B.keeps C.has been kept D.kept
(2022·湖北黃石·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)
9.—The air in the park is really fresh!
—Exactly! A lot of more trees ________ in the last few years here.
A.have planted B.were planted C.planted D.have been planted
(2022·江西景德鎮(zhèn)·統(tǒng)考一模)
10.Recently, the Awakening Age(《覺醒年代》)that talks about China’s revolutionary stories ________ by young people in our country.
A.is welcomed B.has welcomed C.has been welcomed D.was welcomed
(2022·新疆烏魯木齊·統(tǒng)考一模)
11.So far, new energy automobiles(汽車) ________ by more and more people in our city.
A.will use B.will be used C.have used D.have been used
(2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考三模)
12.—To protect the environment in our city, more trees ________ on both sides of the streets.
—You’re right.
A.should plant B.should be plant C.should be planted D.is planted
(2022·甘肅天水·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)
13.This storybook ________ well and it’s really worth ________.
A.sells; to read B.is sold; reading C.has been sold; reading D.sells; reading
(2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第四十九中學(xué)校??寄M預(yù)測)
14.—I am weak in reading. Every time, I always make some mistakes with reading questions.
—I know. But I think the reading methods you are used to ________.
A.need improving B.needing to improve C.need to improve
(2022·廣西柳州·統(tǒng)考一模)
15.The old man _________ after.
A.needs looking B.need to look C.needs look
(2022·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)
16.The tickets for Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore _________ well, and they will _________soon.
A.a(chǎn)re sold; sell out B.a(chǎn)re sold; be sold out
C.sell; sell out D.sell; be sold out
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
(2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
17.We are asked (take) our temperature every day.
(2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考二模)
18.In order to live in a better place, the natural environment must (protect) by all the people.
(2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模)
19.—I really find it difficult to choose one between the two types.
—Don’t worry, madam. Both are made of silk and (wash) easily.
(2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考一模)
20.Your mobile phone needs (turn) off while having a meeting.
(2022·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)
21.We must obey the traffic rules because many people (kill) in traffic accidents every year.
三、完成句子
(2020·遼寧營口·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
22.許多明信片正在這家商店出售。
Many postcards are in this shop.
(2022·廣東廣州·執(zhí)信中學(xué)校考三模)
23.冰箱里三分之二的食物已經(jīng)被吃光了。
Two thirds of the food in the fridge already.
(2022·遼寧鞍山·??既#?br />
24.你認(rèn)為他的建議很值得考慮嗎?
Do you think his suggestions ?
(2022·湖北恩施·統(tǒng)考一模)
25.恩施許多景點(diǎn)值得參觀。(worth)
Many places of interest in Enshi .
(2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考二模)
26.所有的錢都被我花完了。
All of the money has been by me.
四、根據(jù)首字母填空
(2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題)
27.More than half of the world’s books are w in Chinese, including historical writings and novels.
(2022·四川·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
28.We learned in school that personal computers were i in 1971.
(2022·廣西桂林·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
29.Sally was w up by her clock this morning.
(2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
30.Jiangnan, a famous area in China, has long been m in many Chinese poems for its beautiful style.
(2022·江蘇蘇州·??家荒#?br />
31.The bad news about the poor boy was quickly s all over the village.
五、根據(jù)漢語提示填空
(2019·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題)
32.In the past, many rivers were seriously, but now they are cleaned up. (污染)
(2022·湖北襄陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
33.—The three astronauts of Shenzhou XIV have been sent into space successfully.
—What an inspiration to us all! And it’s reported that (這座空間站將由中國獨(dú)立完成). (complete)
(2022·廣西梧州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
34.I will be (邀請) to Lily’s birthday party.
(2022·四川雅安·??家荒#?br />
35.The book has been (借) for a long time.
(2022·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考一模)
36.Students should be (教育) to care for the old.
六、改寫句子
(2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
37.They sell a lot of things in Oxfam shops to help people in need. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
A lot of things in Oxfam shops to help people in need.
(2022·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
38.Schools usually don’t allow students to wear their own clothes at school. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
Students usually not to wear their own clothes at school.
(2022·上?!そy(tǒng)考中考真題)
39.The research group discovered a new kind of insect last week. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
A new kind of insect by the research group last week.
(2022·新疆伊犁·??家荒#?br />
40.We should clean the classroom every day.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
The classroom should every day.
(2022·甘肅天水·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)
41.Jack often makes his brother cry.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
His brother often made cry by Jack.
參考答案:
1.C
【詳解】句意:澳大利亞的叢林大火在幾個(gè)月后被撲滅,造成了數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的動(dòng)物死亡。
考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及動(dòng)詞短語辨析。run out耗盡;put out撲滅。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指的是大火被撲滅,又因講的是過去的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。
2.D
【詳解】句意:——真是一團(tuán)糟!共享單車隨處可見?!屛覀儼阉鼈兪占饋?,放在合適的地方,以便方便使用。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子主語與動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞用are,故選D。
3.C
【詳解】句意:據(jù)說風(fēng)箏是2000多年前在中國發(fā)明的。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。分析句子可知kite和動(dòng)詞invent之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,結(jié)合“over 2000 years ago.”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。
4.C
【詳解】句意:三名中國宇航員在2022年6月5日被成功送往中國空間站。
考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)“on June 5, 2022”可知句子應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。主語Three Chinese astronauts為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,與動(dòng)詞send“派送”存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為were sent。故選C。
5.C
【詳解】句意:小惠的故事很感人,我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)“by us”可知主語it與動(dòng)詞forget之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,再由“will”可知用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為will be done。故選C。
6.D
【詳解】句意:明年,一些新學(xué)校將會(huì)被建在我們的城市里。
考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子的主語Some new schools和謂語動(dòng)詞build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再結(jié)合“next year”可知該句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be built。故選D。
7.D
【詳解】句意:到目前為止,在醫(yī)生和護(hù)士的幫助下,許多人的生命被挽救了。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)So far可知,此句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語與動(dòng)詞save之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/has been done的結(jié)構(gòu),故選D。
8.C
【詳解】句意:不要吃這個(gè)蛋糕。它已經(jīng)在冰箱里保存了一個(gè)多星期了。
考查時(shí)態(tài)。主語“It”指代上文提到的蛋糕,與keep之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,結(jié)合“for more than a week”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has been done。故選C。
9.D
【詳解】句意:——公園里的空氣真的很新鮮!——沒錯(cuò)!在過去的幾年里,這里種植了更多的樹。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)“in the last few years”可知,本句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),可排除BC選項(xiàng);且主語“A lot of more trees”和動(dòng)詞“plant”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用被動(dòng)語態(tài),可排除A選項(xiàng)。故選D。
10.C
【詳解】句意:最近,講述中國革命故事的《覺醒年代》受到了我國年輕人的歡迎。
考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Recently”可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除A、D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“…by young people in our country”可知,此處應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。
11.D
【詳解】句意:至此,新能源汽車在我市被越來越多的人使用。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。分析句子可知,主語new energy automobiles和謂語use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)“So far”可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/has been done。故選D。
12.C
【詳解】句意:——為了保護(hù)我們城市的環(huán)境,應(yīng)該在街道兩旁種更多的樹?!阏f得對。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語more trees與動(dòng)詞plant之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除A和B選項(xiàng)。如果用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài),助動(dòng)詞要用are,排除D選項(xiàng),故選C。
13.D
【詳解】句意:這本故事書賣得很好,非常值得一讀。sell well“暢銷,賣得好”,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)(sell,write,wash等動(dòng)作與某些副詞連用表示主語的某種性質(zhì)、特征時(shí),句子用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義),可知,第一個(gè)空格處填sells;be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”,固定短語,所以第二個(gè)空格處填reading。故選D。
14.A
【詳解】句意:——我的閱讀能力弱。每次,我都會(huì)在閱讀問題上犯一些錯(cuò)誤?!抑?。但是我認(rèn)為你習(xí)慣的閱讀方法需要改進(jìn)。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)“But I think the reading methods you are used to…”可知,此處the reading methods與improve為被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,使用need doing“需要被做”,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義,故選A。
15.A
【詳解】句意:這位老人需要被照顧。
考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。need doing sth“需要被做”,need to do sth“需要去做”,結(jié)合“The old man...after.”可知,老人需要被照顧,故選A。
16.D
【詳解】句意:《神奇動(dòng)物:鄧布利多之謎》的門票賣得很好,很快就會(huì)售罄。
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。sell售賣,sell well“賣的好”無被動(dòng)語態(tài),故第一空填sell。sell out賣光,主語they與動(dòng)詞短語sell out之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故第二空應(yīng)填be sold out,故選D。
17.to take
【詳解】句意:我們被要求每天量體溫。be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”,故填to take。
18.be protected
【詳解】句意:為了生活在一個(gè)更好的地方,自然環(huán)境必須被所有的人保護(hù)。主語“the natural environment”與謂語動(dòng)詞“protect”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(be done)的結(jié)構(gòu),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)詞原形,be動(dòng)詞用原形be,protect的過去分詞是protected。故填be protected。
19.wash
【詳解】句意:——我真的覺得在這兩種類型里面選一種很難。——女士,不要擔(dān)心。這兩種都是由絲綢制成,也很容易洗滌。分析句子可知此處動(dòng)詞wash可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。結(jié)合語境,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語Both為復(fù)數(shù)意義,因此此空填入wash的原形。故填wash。
20.turning
【詳解】句意:當(dāng)開會(huì)的時(shí)候你的手機(jī)需要關(guān)機(jī)。此處“need”對應(yīng)的主語是物,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式,need doing sth表示“某物需要被……”。故填turning。
21.a(chǎn)re killed
【詳解】句意:我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則,因?yàn)槊磕甓加泻芏嗳嗽诮煌ㄊ鹿手袉噬?。主語many people 是動(dòng)詞kill的承受者,根據(jù)every year可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其構(gòu)成是am/is/are+過去分詞,主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are,故填are killed。
22. on / being sale/ sold
【詳解】根據(jù)中英文對照可知,空格缺的是“在出售”,英語是on sale,而空格前有are,所以這里也可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示,結(jié)構(gòu)是“am/ is/ are being+過去分詞”,所以這里也可以填being sold,故答案為on/ being sale/ sold。
23. has been eaten up
【詳解】觀察句子,動(dòng)詞短語eat up“吃光”作謂語,與主語的關(guān)系是:食物被吃光,可知應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(be done)。再結(jié)合中文語境,可知這里時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done),表示已經(jīng)吃光了,這里主語是“Two thirds of the food”,謂語動(dòng)詞用三單形式??芍揪鋺?yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(has been done),故填has;been;eaten;up。
24.a(chǎn)re well worth considering
【詳解】通過對比中英文句子可知,此處考查短語be (well) worth doing sth.“(很)值得做某事”。根據(jù)主語his suggestions可知,be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。consider“考慮”,動(dòng)詞。故填are well worth considering。
25.a(chǎn)re worth visiting
【詳解】值得做某事:be worth doing;參觀:visit,句子是客觀情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是“Many places of interest”,be動(dòng)詞用are。故填are worth visiting。
26. used up
【詳解】use up“用完”,根據(jù)has been可知,第一空填過去分詞,構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填used;up。
27.(w)ritten
【詳解】句意:世界上一半以上的書籍是用中文寫的,包括歷史著作和小說。根據(jù)“More than half of the world’s books are w...in Chinese”可知,書籍是用中文寫的,write“寫”,此處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),此處用動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式。故填(w)ritten。
28.(i)nvented
【詳解】句意:我們在學(xué)校里學(xué)到個(gè)人電腦是1971年發(fā)明的。根據(jù)“personal computers were…in 1971”及首字母可知,此處介紹電腦發(fā)明的時(shí)間,invent“發(fā)明”,were與過去分詞構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填(i)nvented。
29.(w)oken
【詳解】句意:薩莉今天早上被鐘叫醒了。根據(jù)“by her clock”可知是指被鐘叫醒了,wake up“喚醒”,是動(dòng)詞,此處應(yīng)用過去分詞和was構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填(w)oken。
30.(m)entioned
【詳解】句意:江南,中國的一個(gè)著名地區(qū),一直以來都以其優(yōu)美的風(fēng)格出現(xiàn)在許多中國詩歌中。根據(jù)“in many Chinese poems”可知是在詩歌中被提到,mention“提到,談到”。be動(dòng)詞后接其過去分詞形式mentioned,has been mentioned是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填(m)entioned。
31.(s)pread
【詳解】句意:關(guān)于那個(gè)可憐男孩的壞消息很快傳遍了全村。根據(jù)“The bad news about the poor boy”以及首字母提示可知,表示消息“傳播”很快;spread“傳播”,動(dòng)詞;本句主語“The bad news”和謂語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又根據(jù)“was”可知,是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),因此動(dòng)詞填過去分詞。故填(s)pread。
32.polluted
【詳解】句意:在過去,很多河流被嚴(yán)重地污染了,但現(xiàn)在它們被清理干凈了。pollute“污染”,是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。又因主語“many rivers”和動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),“be+過去分詞”。故填polluted。
33.the space station will be independently completed by China
【詳解】句意:——神舟十四號(hào)的三名航天員已成功送入太空?!獙ξ覀兇蠹襾碚f是何等的鼓舞! 據(jù)報(bào)道,這座空間站將由中國獨(dú)立完成。it’s reported是主句,引導(dǎo)詞that后跟賓語從句,且賓語從句需用陳述語序;主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),結(jié)合句意可知,從句需用一般將來時(shí)。the space station“這座空間站”;complete“完成”,動(dòng)詞;independently“獨(dú)立地”,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞;by China“被中國”。主語the space station和動(dòng)詞complete之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(will be done)。故填the space station will be independently completed by China。
34.invited
【詳解】句意:我將被邀請參加莉莉的生日聚會(huì)。invite“邀請”,動(dòng)詞。主語“I”和動(dòng)詞“invite”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)“will”可知,此處需用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(will be done)。故填invited。
35.kept
【詳解】句意:這本書被借了很長時(shí)間??蘸蟮?for a long time是一段的時(shí)間,因此這里的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,keep意為“借”,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這里需用過去分詞kept。故填kept。
36.educated
【詳解】句意:應(yīng)該教育學(xué)生關(guān)心老人。educate“教育”,動(dòng)詞,主語“Students”和謂語動(dòng)詞educate構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài),此句含有should,“should be done”意為“應(yīng)該被做”,故填educated。
37. are sold
【詳解】句意:他們在Oxfam商店里賣很多東西來幫助有需要的人。原句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:am/is/are done,主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are,過去分詞用sold。故填are;sold。
38. are allowed
【詳解】句意:學(xué)校通常不允許學(xué)生在學(xué)校穿自己的衣服。原句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞用are,故填are;allowed。
39. was discovered
【詳解】句意:該研究小組上周發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的昆蟲。原句是一般過去時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語中心詞是“kind”,be動(dòng)詞用was。故填was;discovered。
40. be cleaned
【詳解】句意:我們應(yīng)該每天打掃教室。根據(jù)“should clean”可知,變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變?yōu)椤癰e done”的結(jié)構(gòu),故此處應(yīng)變?yōu)閟hould be cleaned。故填be;cleaned。
41. is to
【詳解】句意:杰克經(jīng)常讓他哥哥哭。make sb. do sth.意為“使某人做某事”,此處省略了to,其被動(dòng)語態(tài)為sb. be made to do sth.,即“某人被迫做某事”,to不可省略。主語為“His brother”,故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is,故填is;to。
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