
?重難點(diǎn)16 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-2023年中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】專練(全國(guó)通用)
專項(xiàng)二 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)
重難點(diǎn)16 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
①肯定句:主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)+賓語.
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞(V-ed)+其他)
2.過去分詞變化規(guī)則如下:
1. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn):
(1)一般動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加“-ed ”。
work→worked→worked??????visit→visited→visited
(2)以“e” 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加“-d “。
live→lived→lived
(3)以 “輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將 “y” 變?yōu)?“i” ,再加“-ed” 。
study→studied→studied?????????cry→cried→cried
(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加 “-ed”。
stop→stopped→stopped?????????drop→dropped→dropped
2. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。
cut→cut→cut???????????????it→hit→hit
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”照片不在這里”。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示),常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用,謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
如:He has lived here since 1978.
自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
注意:for和since的用法。
①for + 時(shí)間段 譯為:……時(shí)間
②since + 過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為:自從……以來)
③since + 時(shí)間段 + ago
④since + 從句(過去時(shí))
⑤It is + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句(過去時(shí))
注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy, die, join, lose...)與for 或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí),要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下:
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in??????go out→be out?????????finish→be over???
open→be open???????????????die→be dead????????????buy→have???
Fall ill→be ill???????????????Come back→be back?????Put on→be on/wear???
Worry→be worried????????????Catch a cold→have a cold
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài),因此,具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
1. 與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如”for+時(shí)間段”,”since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。
如:
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。
從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出,與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常為stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。
2. 與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如already, never, ever, just等。
如:
I’ve just found this library book. 我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美??!我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。
3. 與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。
如:
How have you been recently? 你近來狀況如何?
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.
那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。
Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見她的父母了嗎?
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.
迄今為止,布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。
注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)區(qū)別
1. 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去,但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響;而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間,即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果,而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。
如:
I have seen the film.
我看過這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天)
2. 時(shí)間狀語不同
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副詞以及”for+段時(shí)間”,”since+過去時(shí)間/從句”等時(shí)間狀語連用;而一般過去時(shí)則常與”時(shí)間段+ago”,just now,yesterday,last week等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
如:
She has lived here since two years ago. 她兩年前就住在這里了。
She lived here two years ago. 兩年前她住在這里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。
對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查,多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),或者是考查“瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用”這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
典例解析
(2022·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
1.在過去的幾年里,那個(gè)女孩兒取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
.
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
(2022·河北·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
2.Sorry, I ________ a mistake. Let me correct it.
A.will make B.a(chǎn)m making C.was making D.have made
(2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
3.Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A.learns B.learned C.will learn D.has learned
(2022·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
4.—Congratulations! You ________ big progress in the last three years.
—Thank you, Mr. Li. I’ll never forget the good times in Junior High.
A.make B.made C.have made D.will make
(2022·四川遂寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
5.—You dance so well, Alice.
—Thanks. I ________ Chinese dance since I was 5 years old.
A.learn B.learnt C.a(chǎn)m learning D.have learnt
(2022·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
6.Since he was a little boy, he ________ in love with music.
A.is B.was C.has been D.had been
(2022·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
7.We _______ each other since I came to Changsha, but we often send emails.
A.haven’t seen B.didn’t see C.don’t see
(2022·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
8.The Art of War is great and I________ it many times so far.
A.read B.have read C.a(chǎn)m reading D.will read
(2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
9.—Your watch is so cool! When did you get it?
—On my 12th birthday. I ________ it for 3 years.
A.bought B.have had C.have bought
(2022·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
10.—I haven’t seen Li Ming for days. Why?
—He ________ Beijing. He will come back next month.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.will go to
(2022·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
11.—It’s reported that a new high-speed railway will be finished in recent years in our hometown, Bazhong.
—Yes. Great changes ________ since I worked here.
A.will take place B.were taken place C.have taken place D.took place
(2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))
12.—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!
—What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It___________ for a while.
A.has been over B.was over C.has finished D.finished
(2022·云南·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))
13.The documentary Aerial China《航拍中國(guó)》is wonderful. So far, I ________ it three times.
A.watched B.will watch C.have watched D.watch
(2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模)
14.Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to
(2022·天津·模擬預(yù)測(cè))
15.I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A.bought B.had C.have bought D.have had
(2022·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))
16.—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A.has been on B.has begun C.is on D.begins
(2022·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測(cè))
17.—Where is Betty? I talked with her about Chinese study the other day.
—Don’t you know? She ________ to China to study further for the second time.
A.went B.has been C.has gone D.had gone
(2022·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考一模)
18.—Jim, turn down the music. Our baby is sleeping.
—Don’t worry. He__________ for half an hour.
A.woke up B.has woken up C.was awake D.has been awake
(2022·上?!つM預(yù)測(cè))
19.Lu Xun ________ for over eighty years, but his works still have a great influence today.
A.died B.was dying C.has died D.has been dead
(2022·湖北黃石·黃石十四中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))
20.The film The Battle at Lake Changjin(長(zhǎng)津湖)________ very popular since it was on show.
A.become B.became C.will become D.has become
(2022·北京·模擬預(yù)測(cè))
21.I ________ that movie several times, and I still want to see it again.
A.see B.saw C.a(chǎn)m seeing D.have seen
二、完成句子
(2022·遼寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
22.志愿者們已經(jīng)來這兒將近一個(gè)月了。
The volunteers for nearly a month.
(2022·湖北·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
23.火車晚點(diǎn)了,我們已經(jīng)在車站等候了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(wait)
The train is late. We it at the station since two hours ago.
(2022·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè))
24.我已經(jīng)很久沒有收到他的來信。(完成譯句)
I haven’t him for a long time.
(2022·新疆·統(tǒng)考二模)
25.無現(xiàn)金支付已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活方式,它真的很方便。
Cashless payment has the of our life and it is really convenient.
(2022·江蘇·統(tǒng)考一模)
26.在同意他進(jìn)校之前,我們有必要統(tǒng)計(jì)一下他曠了多久的課。
It’s necessary for us to work out before he is allowed to enter school.
三、單詞填空
(2022·山東日照·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
27.My car has b down. Will you please give me a ride?
(2022·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
28.It’s said that a new bridge will be b in our city next year.
(2022·重慶·重慶南開中學(xué)??家荒#?br />
29.My best friend Andy is such a talented boy that he has m three foreign languages in the past two years.
(2022·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
30.She has already (找到) a new job.
(2022·安徽·模擬預(yù)測(cè))
31.The heavy rain has l (持續(xù)) for three days.
四、同義句轉(zhuǎn)化
(2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
32.Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago.(改為同義句)
Cathy’s parents married for twenty-five years.
(2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)
33.Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago. (改為同義句)
Tom the book for two weeks.
(2022·上?!つM預(yù)測(cè))
34.Lily borrowed the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer two weeks ago. (保持句意不變)
Lily has the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer two weeks.
(2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考二模)
35.The movie Sniper (《狙擊手》)began ten minutes ago.(改為同義句)
The movie Sniper (《狙擊手》)has for ten minutes.
(2022·黑龍江綏化·校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))
36.I borrowed this book a week ago.
I this book a week.
參考答案:
1.That girl has made great/much progress in the past/last few years
【詳解】根據(jù)題干可知,本句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done)。that girl“那個(gè)女孩”作主語,助動(dòng)詞用has;固定短語make great/much progress in“在某方面取得很大的進(jìn)步”,make的過去分詞為made;in the past/ last few years“在過去的幾年里”。故填That girl has made great/much progress in the past/ last few years。
2.D
【詳解】句意:對(duì)不起,我弄錯(cuò)了。我來糾正一下。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“Sorry, I...a mistake. Let me correct it.”可知,因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)犯了錯(cuò)誤,所以現(xiàn)在要去糾正,故選D。
3.D
【詳解】句意:Jim自從開始在我們學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)之后學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于中國(guó)文化的東西。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“since自從”可知主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has done”,故選D。
4.C
【詳解】句意:——祝賀你!你在過去的三年里取得了很大的進(jìn)步?!x謝你,李先生。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記初中的美好時(shí)光。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“in the last three years”可知,本句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done)。故選C。
5.D
【詳解】句意:——Alice,你跳舞跳得真好。——謝謝。我從5歲開始學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)舞。
考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“since I was 5 years old”可知句子使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done。故選D。
6.C
【詳解】句意:他從小就愛上了音樂。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“Since he was a little boy, he...in love with music.”可知,此處是“since+一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu),故選C。
7.A
【詳解】句意:自從我來到長(zhǎng)沙我們就沒見過面,但我們經(jīng)常發(fā)郵件。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“since I came to Changsha”可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其構(gòu)成為:have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,故選A。
8.B
【詳解】句意:《孫子兵法》很棒,到目前為止我已經(jīng)讀過很多遍了。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)so far可知,此句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done的結(jié)構(gòu),主語為I,助動(dòng)詞用have。故選B。
9.B
【詳解】句意:——你的手表太酷了!你什么時(shí)候買的?——在我12歲生日的時(shí)候。 我用了3年了。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“for 3 years”可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),buy是短暫性動(dòng)詞,此處需要延續(xù)性have had,故選B。
10.B
【詳解】句意:——我好幾天沒見到李明了。為什么?——他去北京了。他下個(gè)月回來。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“He will come back next month.”可知,李明不在說話地,所以是去了未回,故選B。
11.C
【詳解】句意:——據(jù)報(bào)道,在我們的家鄉(xiāng)巴中,一條新的高速鐵路將于近幾年建成。——是的。自從我在這里工作以來,這里發(fā)生了很大的變化。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。since+一般過去時(shí)的從句,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選C。
12.A
【詳解】句意:——媽媽,我想看我們學(xué)校的新聞。請(qǐng)換頻道!——真遺憾!現(xiàn)在是八點(diǎn)鐘。它已經(jīng)結(jié)束一段時(shí)間了。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。has been over已經(jīng)結(jié)束了,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);was over結(jié)束了,一般過去時(shí);has finished已經(jīng)結(jié)束了,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);finished結(jié)束,一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)語境可知,學(xué)校新聞已經(jīng)結(jié)束了,這件事對(duì)“現(xiàn)在不能觀看了”產(chǎn)生了影響,故應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。另句中for a while表示一段時(shí)間,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用時(shí),應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而動(dòng)詞finish為瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞,不能在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中與一段時(shí)間連用,故排除C項(xiàng)。be over表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作,可在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中與時(shí)間段連用,即has been over。故選A。
13.C
【詳解】句意:紀(jì)錄片《航拍中國(guó)》很棒。到目前為止,我已經(jīng)看了三次了。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“So far”可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù),故選C。
14.B
【詳解】句意:Jim和Tom以前都沒有去過澳大利亞,但是他們對(duì)那個(gè)國(guó)家非常了解。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和主謂一致。has gone to去了某地,主語為第三人稱單數(shù);has been to去過某地,主語是第三人稱單數(shù);have gone to去了某地,主語為第一人稱或者是復(fù)數(shù);have been to去過某地,主語為第一人稱或者是復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里表示“去過某地”,先排除A和C。主語是有Neither…nor連接的,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)就近原則,與Tom一致,用單數(shù),故選B。
15.D
【詳解】句意:我買這輛自行車三年了。我很喜歡它。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)for three years可知,此句應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除選項(xiàng)A和B;空處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,排除選項(xiàng)C。故選D。
16.A
【詳解】句意:——你為什么這么著急?——因?yàn)檎n已經(jīng)上了10分鐘了。
考查延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“for 10 minutes”可知,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),構(gòu)成形式為:have /has done,故排除C、D項(xiàng);且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而begin,開始,是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,故排除。故選A。
17.C
【詳解】句意:——Betty在哪里?前幾天我和她談了關(guān)于漢語學(xué)習(xí)的事?!悴恢绬幔克呀?jīng)第二次去中國(guó)深造了。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“She … to China to study further for the second time”可知,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),排除A和D選項(xiàng)。has been to去了某地(已回來);has gone to去某地(還未回來)。此處指去中國(guó)深造還未回來,故選C。
18.D
【詳解】句意:——吉姆,把音樂關(guān)小點(diǎn)。我們的孩子在睡覺?!?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。他已經(jīng)醒了半小時(shí)了。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?!昂⒆有蚜税胄r(shí)了”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作“是否要將音樂關(guān)小”產(chǎn)生了影響,故本句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài);句中“for half an hour”表時(shí)間段,故此處應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 be awake,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)下與時(shí)間段連用,即has been awake。故選D。
19.D
【詳解】句意:魯迅去世八十多年了,但是他的作品在今天仍然有巨大影響。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“for over eighty years”可知表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始延續(xù)至今,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選D。
20.D
【詳解】句意:電影《長(zhǎng)津湖》自上映以來就非常受歡迎。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“since it was on show”可知此句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選D。
21.D
【詳解】句意:我已經(jīng)看了那部電影好幾次了,我仍然想去再看一次。
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。see“觀看”,根據(jù)空后的“several times”可知,此處是指看過好幾次了,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選D。
22.have already been here##have been here
【詳解】根據(jù)中英文對(duì)照可知,此處時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且缺少“已經(jīng)來這兒”;already“已經(jīng)”。have been in“在某地待多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,here“這里”是副詞,其前不用介詞,即have been here。故填have (already) been here。
23.have already waited for
【詳解】已經(jīng):already;等待:wait for;根據(jù)“since two hours ago”可知,此句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),主語是復(fù)數(shù),助動(dòng)詞用have;故填have already waited for。
24. heard from
【詳解】短語hear from sb.“收到某人的來信”;根據(jù)語境可知是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式,其結(jié)構(gòu)是haven't+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,hear的過去分詞是heard,故填heard from。
25. changed way
【詳解】根據(jù)中英文對(duì)照可知,這里缺少的是“改變”和“方式”,英語中“改變”是change,是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而空格前有has,句中用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),所以這里的change應(yīng)該用過去分詞,而英語中“方式”是way,這里指的是“生活方式”,可以表達(dá)為the way of our life,故答案為changed,way。
26.how long he has been absent from class
【詳解】根據(jù)句意可知,缺少“他曠了多久的課”。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知,缺少部分為賓語從句。how long“多久”,為賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞,be absent from“缺席”,class“課堂”。根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done,主語為he,助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has,be的過去分詞為been,賓語從句為陳述語序。故填how long he has been absent from class。
27.(b)roken
【詳解】句意:我的車出故障了。你可以載我一程嗎?根據(jù)“My car has…down. Will you please give me a ride”及首字母可知,此處指車發(fā)生了故障,break down“發(fā)生故障”,has與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),故填(b)roken。
28.(b)uilt
【詳解】句意:據(jù)說明年我市要建一座新橋。根據(jù)“a new bridge will be...”以及首字母可知要建造一座新橋,此處用過去分詞built“建造”和前面的be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填(b)uilt。
29.(m)astered
【詳解】句意:我最好的朋友安迪是一個(gè)如此有天賦的男孩,以致于他在過去的兩年里已經(jīng)掌握了三門外語。根據(jù)“has”可知,此空應(yīng)填入一個(gè)過去分詞,與has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)“three foreign languages”及首字母可知,此處指他掌握了三門外語,master“掌握”,過去分詞是mastered,故填(m)astered。
30.found
【詳解】句意:她已經(jīng)找到了一份新工作。find“找到”,動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)“already”可知,本句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done),find的過去分詞為found。故填found。
31.(l)asted
【詳解】句意:大雨已經(jīng)持續(xù)了三天了。根據(jù)首字母以及中文提示可知,此處用last表示“持續(xù)”,has與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),故填(l)asted。
32. have been
【詳解】句意:凱西的父母25年前結(jié)婚了。根據(jù)“for twenty-five years”可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞has/have been married“結(jié)婚”,主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填have;been。
33. has kept
【詳解】句意:湯姆兩周前去看了這本書。for+一段時(shí)間,要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,且動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,borrow是短暫性動(dòng)詞,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是keep,Tom是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,助動(dòng)詞用has,故填has;kept。
34. kept for
【詳解】句意:兩周前莉莉借了《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》這本書。用for+一段時(shí)間two weeks,且謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,borrow是短暫性動(dòng)詞,其對(duì)應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是keep,has與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),故填kept;for。
35.been on
【詳解】句意:電影《狙擊手》十分鐘前開始了。改為同義句可表達(dá)為“電影已經(jīng)上映十分鐘了”。根據(jù)“for ten minutes”可知此句應(yīng)是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:have/has+過去分詞,由“for ten minutes.”可知,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞be on來表示“上映”。be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞為been。故填been on。
36. have kept for
【詳解】句意:我在一個(gè)星期前借了這本書。根據(jù)狀語“a week ago”和“... a week”可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)可從一般過去時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have done,第三空填入for,表示時(shí)間的持續(xù);因?yàn)椤癰orrow”是短暫動(dòng)詞,需要改為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞“keep”,其過去分詞是“kept”。故填have;kept;for。
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