
一、名詞的定義
名詞是表示人、事、物、地點以及抽象概念的詞。
二、名詞的分類
(一)專有名詞和普通名詞
名詞根據(jù)其意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞
1、 專有名詞是表示特定的人或事物名稱的詞。如:Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April, Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...
2、 凡不屬于特定的人或事物的名稱的詞,叫普通名詞。如:desk, book , people, air, interest, idea...
(二)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
名詞根據(jù)是否能夠用數(shù)字來計算,可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;
b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches;
c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families, city-cities ;
d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:wife- wives, knife-knives,
wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ;
e.以“o”結(jié)尾的詞,分兩種情況
1)__________+es 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
2) ___________+s 如:photo-photos radio-radios
f. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese
單復(fù)數(shù)同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人們)-people Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese(中日不變英法變,其余后面加s)
Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________
Russian=_____________________ American-__________________
2、復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors
3、不可數(shù)名詞
u 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:tea,,meat.
u 不可數(shù)名詞不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞(a/an)直接修飾,若要表示數(shù)量,就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。
如:two glasses of water, three pieces of paper, 5 cups of tea
u 中考常見不可數(shù)名詞:
類 別
例 詞
液體
water milk tea orange juice
coffee soup wine酒 oil 油
食物
肉類:meat chicken beef pork豬肉 mutton羊肉
其它:rice米飯 bread面包
自然
sand 沙子 wood木頭 fire火 rain weather
wind snow ice冰 soil土壤
材料
paper gold金 silk絲綢 cotton棉花 plastic塑料
抽象名詞
情感: joy高興 sadness憂傷
學(xué)科: PE maths physics geography chemistry science
概念: time news money health homework
music advice information knowledge
u 有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞,又可作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。
名 詞
可 數(shù)
不 可 數(shù)
room
房間
空間
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
time
次數(shù);倍數(shù)
時間
orange
橙子
橙汁
life
生命
生活
work
著作,作品
工作
chicken
小雞
雞肉
exercise
練習,訓(xùn)練(保持健康或培養(yǎng)技能的一套動作)
鍛煉
三、名詞所有格
1、表示有生命的東西的名詞所有格一般是在詞尾加-s’,如:the boy’s bag.如果原詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,則僅僅加一個“’”即可,例如:boys’school.詞尾無-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則仍要加-’s,例如:men’s clothes.
2、表示無生命的東西的名詞所有格一般不在詞尾加’s或’,而是用of短語形式,例如:the wondow of the room.但在表示時間、距離等習慣用語中仍用’s或'表示所有格,如:ten minutes’walk / drive / ride ___________十分鐘的路程/車程/騎程___ (表距離)
3、如果表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,名詞末尾均需加“’s”,
例如:Jim’s?and?Kate’s?glasses? 吉姆和凱特各自的眼鏡?
如果表示共同的所有關(guān)系時,僅在最后一詞的末尾加“’s”,
例如:Jim?and?Kate’s?kite?吉姆和凱特的風箏(兩個人共同擁有的)
練習題:
一、中翻英
1.Tom的足球 _______________ 2. 老師們的自行車_________________
3.猴子們的香蕉_________________ 4.螞蟻們的早餐 _________________
5.姐姐的連衣裙________________ 6.女孩們的蘋果_________________
7.這些是Peter的籃球嗎? ________________________________________
8.這個是老師的鋼筆嗎? _________________________________________
9.有一些書在Sam的課桌上。_____________________________________
10.有一些孩子們在教室里。________________________________________
二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空
1. Here’re five??????????????? ( glass ) of????????????????? ( juice ) for you.
2. I can see some???????????????? ( people ) in the cinema.
3. How many???????????????? ( day ) are there in a week?
4. ?I?have?two____________?(knife)?
5. There?are?ten?__________???_________in?our?school.?(woman?teacher)
6. Look, the _________(child)are having a good time flying kites in the park.
7. Now she loves baseball and has more________________(friend)
8. He had to travel across forests, ______________(river) and mountains.
9. He died in 1966,but all his work and __________(dream) did not die.
10. --How much is the watch? —It's ten _____________________(dollar)
11. We have been having online___________ (class) for several days.
12. Here’re five??????????????? ( glass ) of????????????????? ( juice ) for you.
13. It’s hard to believe that he used to have many _______(problem) in school.
14. It’s one of the tallest ______________(building) in the world.
第二講 代 詞
一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞
人稱代詞主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
人稱代詞賓格
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
名詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs
反 身 代 詞
myself
yourself(你自己)
yourselves(你們自己)
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
themselves
1. 人稱代詞
人稱代詞有主格和賓格兩種形式。主格主要用來做句子的主語;賓格主要用作賓語。
2 人稱代詞主格用在句首作主語。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽車上。
2 人稱代詞賓格在動詞后作賓語。I saw her yesterday.我昨天看到她了。
2. 物主代詞
物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。
2 形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞作用,后面跟名詞。She is a nice girl.
2 名詞性物主代詞相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,具有名詞性質(zhì)。
Our room is clean, but theirs is cleaner than ours.我們的房間很干凈,但是他們的比我們的更干凈。
3. 反身代詞
1、作動詞或介詞的賓語:經(jīng)常在enjoy, teach, dress等動詞和by, for, to,等介詞后作賓語。
(1)Help yourself! 請隨便吃吧!/請自己去取吧!
?Help to some fruit, kids.
(2)teach oneself 自學(xué)=learn by oneself
?He is teaching English.
(3)enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
?We enjoyed in Sanya last summer vacation.
(4)dress oneself 給自己穿衣
?I could dress when I was four years old.
(5)by oneself 獨自
?I made this model plane by .
?He lives by in the country.
2、用作表語
The poor boy was . 那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。
Just be . 做你自己就好了。
3、用作同位語(加強被修飾詞的語氣,僅放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末):
?The box is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
?He is a doctor. 他本人是一名醫(yī)生。
?I must do it ______________. 我必須自己做。
二、指示代詞
This (這個)------- these (這些) 指近處的人或事物
That (那個)------- these (那些) 指遠處的人或事物
例,This is a book. 這是本書。 These are some books. 這些是書。
That is a car. 那是輛小汽車。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽車
課 堂 練 習
一、 單項選擇
1. Nancy, carrots are good for ________ eye. Eat some, please.
A. my B. your C. her D. his
2. —Excuse me, is this Alice’s pencil box? —Yes, it is. It’s ________.
A. mine B. ours C. hers D. theirs
3. —Who is the man in black over there? —Mr. Smith. He teaches ________ math.
A. we B. our C. us D. ourselves
4. Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches ________.
A.her B.herself C. she
5. I’m sorry I took your card by mistake(錯誤地), but where is ________?
A. hers B. theirs C. mine
6. —Oh, I forgot to bring my umbrella. —I’ve got one. You can share ________.
A.yours B. ours C. mine D. my
7. —Our English teacher worked for 2017 BRICS Summit(金磚峰會).
—Great! I am so proud of(為…自豪) ________.
A. she B.her C. hers D. his
8. —I can’t find my eraser. May I use ________? —Of course, here you are.
A.you B. your C yours
9. Thanks for inviting(邀請) ________ to your food festival. We really enjoyed ourselves.
A. we B. they C. us
10. My father is a worker. ________ is very kind.
A. He B. She C. His
11. Those girls enjoyed in the party last night.
A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself
12. Help to some fish, children.
A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves
二、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1.There is a letter for________ (she) mother.
2.That is _____ (she ) coat. The coat is red.??______ (its) is a new one.
3.Whose pens are these? _______ (their) are ours(我們的).
4.Give _______(he) a toy, please.
5.________(we) eyes are black. _______ (us) come from Japan.
6.Tim and Bill are twins(雙胞胎). _______ (their)are from England. _________ (them) mother is a teacher in the same school.
7.Give the book to __________( I ).
8.That is not _________ kite.. ( I )
9.Is this _________ watch? (you)
10._________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. ( he )
11.Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
12.I have a beautiful cat. _______ name is Mimi. ( it )
13.??_______ is my aunt. Do you know ________ job? ________ is a nurse. ( she )
14.Where are ________ ? I can’t find _________. ( they )
15.This gift is for___________(she)
16.My cats are hungry.Can you feed _____________?( it , him, them)
17. The backpack is not so heavy.(it)
18. He lives by __________________ in the country.(he)
19. They enjoy in the park. (they)
課 后 練 習
一、單項選擇
1. Some of ________ are workers.
A.they B. their C. them D. themselves
2. A friend of ________ came here yesterday.
A. my B. his C. her D.your
3.You cannot finish the work by________. Let me give you a hand.
A. you B. yourself C. your D. yourselves
4. ________ is my son. Do you like to play with ________?
A.You; you B. She; her C.I; me D. He; him
5.The Green’s garden is larger than ________.
A. we B.us C. ours D. our
6. Boys, don’t touch(觸摸) the machine, or you may hurt ________.
A. myself B. yourself C. yourselves D.themselves
7. Let ________ do that exercise myself.
A. I B. me C. him D. her
8.—Tony, Amy can’t sharpen the pencil. Can you give ________ a hand?
—Certainly.
A. she B. her C.hers D. herself
9.Mary loves her family, and I love ________.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
10. He is looking at ________ and smiling.
A. I B.me C. my D. mine
11. ---Who teaches math. ---I teach .
A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself
12. Lily was 9 years old. was old enough to go to school by .
A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she
13. Luckily, he didn’t hurt terribly yesterday.
A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they
14. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn’t enjoy .
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
15. We are proud of ________ country.
A. we B. ours C. our D. my
二、用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. The boy started to live in school and learn to manage(管理) time by ________(he).
2. It’s late autumn now. The tree has lost all of ________(it) leaves.
3. Li Lei and his cousin made some zongzi by ________ (them) during the Dragon Boat Festival.
4. —Judy, is that boy with glasses ________(you) new classmate?
—Yes. Let's say hello to ________(he).
5. These aren’t ________(you) books, Mary. You left ________(you) at home.
6. I saw an animal yesterday. ________(it) tail(尾巴) is very long.
7. This is our classroom and ________(you) is across the hall.
8. Their house is just like ours, but ________(we) house has a bigger balcony(陽臺).
9. Please show ________(I) the way to the hospital.
第三講 冠 詞
一、不定冠詞和定冠詞
冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。 a或an是不定冠詞,the是定冠詞。a用在發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前,如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞前,如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
u 不定冠詞(a,an)指人或事物的某一種類,表示“一個”,但不強調(diào)數(shù)量。
She is a teacher. That’s an orange.
小練筆:用a/an填空
_______ university __________ hour _______ umbrella
_______ useful article _________ in teresting boy _______ idea
______ 11-year-old child _________ 2-year-old tiger
_______exciting sports meeting ______ English teacher
______ honest girl __________ European country
u 定冠詞: the有“這個,那個;這些;那些”之意,用在名詞前,表示特指某人或某物,以區(qū)別于同類中的其他人或物。
This is a bus. The bus is big.
2 定冠詞的常見用法:
1.特指某些人或物或者對話雙方都知道的人或物;The bag is mine.
2.上文已提到過的人或物;I can see a bike. The bike is black.
3.世界上獨一無二的事物前;We live on the earth.
4.江河海洋,山脈群島地理名稱和某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前;
the Great Wall the Yangtze River
5.一些習慣短語和樂器前。
The young should help the old. _________________________
The Greens are going to have a trip tomorrow. __________________
The boy can play the piano. _________________________
May is the fifth month in a year. ___________________________
He is the tallest boy in his class ________________________
The harder you study, the luckier you will be._______________________
in the morning on the left at the table in the end at the same time
by the way on the weekend at the age of... at the beginning of...
in the future in the hospital
二、零冠詞
2 國名、地名、人名等專有名詞前通常不用冠詞,如,
Chinese, English, Jim,China, Shanghai等。
2 月份、季節(jié)、星期、科目等名詞前不加冠詞.但是
______________________________________________________________
如:in the winter of 2008
2 一些固定詞組前不用冠詞。如,at home go to school go to bed
have breakfast/lunch/dinner by+交通工具 in future in class
in hospital last/next month
練習題:
一、 單項選擇
1. What___________ useful dictionary it is for English beginners
2. ---At the party no one invited Tina to dance.
---Oh, that was________ embarrassing thing.
3. She works as _______ English teacher in _______ university.
4. Let’s meet on _____ sunny morning.
5. She came up with________ idea.
A.a B.an C.the
6. ---Look, who is _____ girl at the school gate?
---Oh, she ismy best friend,Kate.She is_________ honest girl
A.the;an B.a;an C.the;a
7. There is ________ apple on the tree._________ apple is red.
A.an;the B.a;the C.a;/
8. Mr.Black is_____ old man and he usually walks his dog after___ supper.
A.a;the B.an;/ C.an;the
9. The Avatar, ____American film has become one of ______ most popular film this year.
A. an;the B.a;/ C.the;a
二、 用正確的冠詞填空
1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.
2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.
3. Mary is interested in ______ science.
4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.
5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.
6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.
7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!
8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.
9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.
10. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital(首都) of______ France, for Washington by______ air.
11. We were having______ lunch when they came in.
12. This is ______ book you gave me last week.
13. What did you do ______ last Saturday?
14. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.
15. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.
16. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.
17. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.
18. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.
第四講 數(shù) 詞
表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示順序。
一、基數(shù)詞:
1~10
11~19
20~100
1 one(first)
11 eleven
20 twenty(twentieth)
2 two(second)
12 twelve(twelfth)
30 thirty
3 three(third)
13 thirteen
40 forty
4 four
14 fourteen
50 fifty
5 five(fifth)
15 fifteen
60 sixty
6 six
16 sixteen
70 seventy
7 seven
17 seventeen
80 eighty
8 eight(eighth)
18 eighteen
90 ninety
9 nine(ninth)
19 nineteen
100 one hundred
10 ten
二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
1)一般來說,是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成。如:
four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth
seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2)下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,有特殊的變化。如:
one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth
eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3)十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y 變成i,然后再加eth.如:
twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth
forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
4) 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。如:
twenty –one ------ twenty- first
thirty-five ------thirty-fifth
三、hundred,thousand, million,billion的用法
5 hundred hundreds of 數(shù)以百計
6 thousand thousands of 數(shù)以千計
7 million millions of 數(shù)以百萬計
8 billion billions of 數(shù)以千萬計
練習題:
一、 單項選擇
1. As we all know, the Yellow River is_______ longest river in China.
A. second B.the second C.Twice
2. He got______ birthday cakes on his_________ birthday.
A. second;fifteen B.two;fifteen C.second fifteenth D.two;fifteenth
3. We all know that_______ birds fly to Dongting Lake in winter.
A.million B.millions C. millions of D.million of
4. The apartment has____ floors and Mr. Smith lives on the _____ floor with his family.
A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelfth D.twelfth;twelve
5. Every year,______ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A.thousand B.thousands of C. thousand of D. thousands
二、 用正確的數(shù)詞填空
1. March?is?????????? ? ?????month?of?the?year.?
2.?The ???? ??? Day?of?the?week?is?Sunday.
3. There?are????? ?students?in?our?class,?twenty?boys?and?twenty?girls.
4. There are _________days in a week.
5.Today is his ___________(20) birthday.
第五講 介 詞
一、概念
介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當于名詞的詞與句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨使用,可與名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中可以作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補足語。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語)
那邊的那個男孩兒是約翰的哥哥(弟弟)。
The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語)
那個女孩兒將在兩小時以后回來。
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語)
我們的英語老師來自澳大利亞。
Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補足語)
隨便吃些魚吧。
二、常見介詞的用法
1. 表示時間的介詞
表示時間的介詞主要有at, in, on;具體區(qū)別如下:
(1)表示時間點用at。例如:
at six o’clock 在六點鐘 at noon 在中午 at midnight 在午夜
(2)表示在某個世紀,某年,某月,某個季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時,用in。例如:
in the ninth century 在第九世紀 in 2002 在2002年 in May在五月
in winter 在冬天 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon在下午
(3)表示具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上時,用on。例如:
on Monday 在周一 on July 1st 在七月一日
on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上
(4)表示時間的介詞還有before(在……前), after(在……后)等。例如:
before ten o’clock 在十點前 after breakfast 在早飯后
2. 表示地點或者方位的介詞
(1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個物體的表面上”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到達上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark. 他們在天黑前到達了一個小村莊。
There is a big hole in the wall. 墻上有一個大洞。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老師在墻上掛了一張畫。
3. 其他介詞
(1)about
about意為“關(guān)于,對于”,例如:
The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.
那個美國女孩兒想要了解中國歷史。
(2)from
from 意為“從……,自從”;常構(gòu)成詞組“from… to…”。例如:
I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我從周一到周五去學(xué)校。
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 從北京到上海有多遠?
(3)with
l “與……一起,帶有,具有”等意思。
l “帶有,具有“
He has a house with a swimming pool.
He is a man with long hair.
l “用....(具體有形的東西)
I write my homework with a pen.
(4) for
l “為;替;給”,說明目的
I buy a hat for my mother .
l “作為”,與三餐名詞連用。
He has an egg for breakfast .
l “對于...來說”
It’s difficlut for me to learn English .
l “價格為...”,說明物品的價格。
The T-shirt is for 3 yuan .
(5)by
l by+地點名詞。表方位,意為:“在…旁邊”。
by the lake/river/tree/window/door等
l by+時間名詞。意為:“到…時(已發(fā)生某事),此時謂語多用完成時;最晚、不遲于…,在…之前”。
The train leaves at 6:00 pm.So I have to be at the station by 5:40 pm at the latest.
l by+交通工具
l by表示“用...手段或方式”
The girl made money by selling flowers.
(6)in的其他用法
l “用...(語言、聲音或原材料等)”,
Can you sing in English? He wrote a letter in ink.
He is talking with his friend in a low voice
l “在...里”,表示方位。
My books are in the schoolbag .
l “穿/戴...”,接服裝名詞或顏色詞。
Mr. Zhang is in a white T-shirt. The girl in red is my sister.
(7) to
l “到,向,往”
When did you go to Guangzhou after the holiday?
l 動詞不定式符號,to+動詞原形,表目的。
He went to America to lean English.
They sleep together to keep warm.
(8) of
l 名詞所有格的一種,“.....的”
This is a photo of my family.
He’s a friend of mine.
l 表示部分或全部
all of us most of all each of us none of us
two of us both of my parents neither of us either of us
練習題:
用正確的介詞填空
1.The skirt ____ red is ___ fifteen dollars .
2.I bought this coat ___ a very low price .
3.___ girls ,here are some nice hats ___ only ¥15 .
4.The boy __ a blue sweater wants to buy a pair of shoes __ his mother .
5.Wang Ying comes __ Shanghai __ find a job(工作).
6.He bought a new sweater ____ his daughter .
7.Wine is made ________grapes.
8.My father bought me a dictionary.(改寫同義句)
My father __ a dictionary ___ me
9. She usually gets to school _______ 7:30 in the morning.
10. Can you come here ______ the morning of April 5?
11. Some of my classmates were born ______ May, 1982.
12. It is often too hot _____ summer in China.
13.The girl left her home _______ a cold winter evening.
14. He has lived here ______ 1980.
15. We have worked in this city ______ about 5 years.
16. My father usually goes to bed at ten ______ night.
17. What do the students do ______ Monday afternoon?
18. I must go now. My parents are waiting _______ me at the bus stop.
19. My pen pal lives _______ Sydney, Australia.
20. Lucy is a good student. She often helps her classmates ______ their lessons.
21. Most ______ us are doing very well _______ maths.
22. Hawaii is famous _________ its beautiful beaches.
23. I have borrowed some books _______ our school library.
24. How far is it ______ Sydney _______ Beijing?
25. Is there anything wrong _______ your computer?
26 It’s a big house ________ an interesting swimming pool.
27 There is a map and some pictures ________ the wall in our classroom.
28 Look! Lily is lying ________ the beach and enjoying the sun.
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