?通州區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級期末質(zhì)量檢測
英語試卷
本試卷共8頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，請將答題卡交回。
第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，40分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Chinese opera
Chinese opera is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the T ang Dynasty, an emperor established a(n)____1____school named Pear Garden. From that time on,____2____of Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”. Since the Yuan Dynasty it has been____3____by court officials and emperors and has become a traditional art form. During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.
Many of the features that characterize modern Chinese opera developed in Northern China, including the use of certain set____5____like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).
It developed from folk songs, dances, talking and especially distinctive (獨(dú)特的) dialectal music. Gradually it combined music, art and literature into one performance on the stage. Accompanied by____6____musical instruments like erhu, gong (鑼), and lute (琵琶), actors present unique melodies as well dialogues which are beautifully written and of high literary value. For Chinese especially senior people, to listen to this kind of opera is a real____7____.
Beijing Opera is considered to be the essence of Chinese opera but actually, the language of Beijing Opera is not the dialect of Beijing. In 1790, four famous opera performing teams traveled to Beijing. They created the Beijing Opera by____8____their local opera with the operas in Hubei, Shanxi and Zhejiang. It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China. At the beginning, the Beijing Opera was only popular in royal families and before too long, it had_____10_____to every part of a China. Now, people from all walks of life like it.
1. A. art B. dance C. opera D. musical
2. A. listeners B. founders C. fans D. performers
3. A. programmed B. encouraged C. prepared D. designed
4. A. senior B. rich C. ordinary D. wise
5. A. characters B. dialogues C. actors D. actresses
6. A. modern B. traditional C. dramatic D. different
7 A. desire B. attitude C. pleasure D. expectation
8. A. combining B. comparing C. working D. providing
9. A. surprising B. interesting C. shocking D. amazing
10. A. sent B. spread C. brought D. belonged
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國戲曲藝術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：唐朝時，一位皇帝建了一所戲劇學(xué)校，名叫梨園。A. art藝術(shù)；B. dance舞蹈；C. opera戲??；D. musical音樂片。根據(jù)“Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”.”可知，梨園是中國唐代培養(yǎng)戲曲人才的機(jī)構(gòu)。故選C。
【2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時起，中國戲曲演員被稱為“梨園弟子”。A. listeners聽眾；B. founders創(chuàng)立者；C. fans愛好者；D. performers表演者；演員。根據(jù)“disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”可知，梨園培養(yǎng)戲曲演員，所以過去稱戲曲演員為“梨園子弟”。故選D。
【3題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自元朝以來，它一直受到朝廷官員和皇帝的鼓勵，并已成為一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式。A. programmed編制程序；安排；B. encouraged鼓勵；C. prepared準(zhǔn)備；D. designed設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)“and has become a traditional art form.”可知，戲曲已成為一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式，這與它一直受到朝廷官員和皇帝的“支持”分不開。故選B。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在清朝，它在普通百姓中成為一種時尚。A. senior高級的；B. rich富有的；C. ordinary普通的；D. wise明智的。根據(jù)“Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.”可知，人們可以在茶室、餐廳和舞臺上觀看表演。這些場所并非大雅之堂，由此推斷觀看者是“普通”百姓。故選C。
【5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代中國戲曲的許多特征都是在中國北方發(fā)展起來的，包括對某些特定角色的使用，如生（男人）、旦（女人）、凈（花臉）和丑（小丑）。A. characters角色；B. dialogues對話；C. actors男演員；D. actresses女演員。根據(jù)“l(fā)ike Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).”可知，文中的生（男人）、旦（女人）、凈（花臉）和丑（小丑）是中國戲曲中人物角色的行當(dāng)分類。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在二胡、鑼、琵琶等傳統(tǒng)樂器的伴奏下，演員們呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的旋律和優(yōu)美的對白，具有很高的文學(xué)價值。A. modern現(xiàn)代的；B. traditional傳統(tǒng)的；C. dramatic戲劇性的；D. different不同的。根據(jù)“l(fā)ike erhu, gong (鑼), and lute (琵琶),”可知二胡、鑼、琵琶等樂器是中國傳統(tǒng)樂器。故選B。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于中國人，尤其是老年人來說，聽這種歌劇是一種真正的樂趣。A. desire欲望；B. attitude態(tài)度；C. pleasure快樂；D. expectation期待。根據(jù)“For Chinese especially senior people,”可知，喜歡戲曲的大多為老年人，對他們而言聽?wèi)蛘媸且环N樂趣。故選C。
【8題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們把當(dāng)?shù)氐膽蚯c湖北、山西和浙江的戲曲結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)造了京劇。A. combining結(jié)合；B. comparing比較；C. working工作；D. providing提供。根據(jù)“It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China.”可知，京劇是以中國這些地方戲曲為基礎(chǔ)的一種新劇種。也就是說它把地方戲和湖北、山西、浙江的戲曲結(jié)合起來。故選A。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：以中國這些地區(qū)的戲曲為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)作一部新戲曲，真是太棒了。A. surprising令人驚訝的（側(cè)重“出人意料”）； B. interesting有趣的；C. shocking使人震驚的；D. amazing令人驚異的（側(cè)重“令人驚嘆的，很了不起”）。根據(jù)“”可知，根據(jù)上下文邏輯可知，要在中國這些地方戲的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)作出一種新劇并非易事，但京劇就這樣誕生了，令人驚嘆。故選D。
【10題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始，京劇只在皇室中流行，不久，它就傳播到了中國的每一個地方。A. sent發(fā)送；B. spread傳播；C. brought帶來；D. belonged屬于。根據(jù)“During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people.”可知，在清朝，戲曲成為時尚。由此推斷出，當(dāng)時它已經(jīng)傳播到中國的每一個地方。故選B。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet again.____11____strong support from the government and tireless efforts of the city s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city____12____(become) a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a____13____(bright) future.
【答案】11. With
12. has become
13. brighter
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要簡述了唐山地震后的重建和恢復(fù)。
【11題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：由于在唐山人民的大力支持和不懈努力下，地震廢墟上建起了一個新唐山。介詞with意為“由于，因?yàn)椤?，表示原因。故填With。
【12題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：新城已經(jīng)成為700多萬人口的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都有了很大的改善。表示一個過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語是The new city，謂語動詞用has。故填has become。
【13題詳解】
考查比較級。句意：唐山市向中國和世界證明，在災(zāi)難面前，人們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來，展現(xiàn)出保持積極和重建更光明未來的智慧。結(jié)合句意可知，用形容詞bright的比較級形式。故填brighter。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites____14____(take) down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place____15____they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers____16____(rescue) 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty____17____(country) donated nearly $ 80 million to the project.
【答案】14. were taken
15. where 16. rescued
17. countries
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹來自世界各地的政府和環(huán)保人士拯救世界文化遺產(chǎn)所作的共同努力。
【14題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：寺廟和其他文化遺址被一塊一塊地拆除，然后搬到一個安全的地方重新組裝起來。主語Temples and other cultural sites為復(fù)數(shù)形式，且與動詞take是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。填were taken。
【15題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：寺廟和其他文化遺址被一塊一塊地拆除，然后搬到一個安全的地方重新組裝起來。句中先行詞為a place，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
【16題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：在接下來的20年里，成千上萬的工程師和工人拯救了22座寺廟和無數(shù)的文物。陳述過去事實(shí)，用一般過去時。故填rescued。
【17題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：50個國家向該項(xiàng)目捐贈了近8000萬美元。數(shù)詞Fifty后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填countries。
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow- covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough____18____(touch). On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here- to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.____19____(watch) them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they were in.They were hunted,____20____(illegal), for the their valuable fur.
【答案】18. to touch
19. Watching
20. illegally
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。講述了作者觀看藏羚羊的經(jīng)歷。
【18題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在我們的左邊，白雪覆蓋的山脈消失在似乎觸手可及的云層中。enough...to do sth.“足夠用來做某事”，用不定式作結(jié)果狀語，故填to touch。
【19題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：看著它們慢慢地在綠色的草地上移動，我被它們的美麗所打動。分析句子可知，watch用非謂語動詞作狀語，與邏輯主語I是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填Watching。
【20題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：因?yàn)樗滟F的羊毛，它們被非法獵取。修飾動詞hunted用副詞作狀語，故填illegally。
第三節(jié) (共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)
從方框中選擇合適的詞語并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问酵瓿上铝芯渥印?br /> die out, make out, relate to, adapt to, lead to, as if, due to, make progress, refer to, take part in

21. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed________the world were coming to an end!
22. You don’t need to________a dictionary every time you meet with a new word while reading. You can guess its meaning from the context.
23. By the light of the moon I could just________shapes and outlines.
24. Does each sentence________the main idea?
25. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to________the change.
26. Big challenges, however, can sometimes________great solutions.
27. If something________, it becomes less and less common and eventually disappears completely.
28. As long as you study hard, you will surely________.
29. Most of the students in our class________the sports meet last week.
30. Tom came back late________a car accident on his way home.
【答案】21. as if
22. refer to
23. make out
24. relate to
25. adapt to
26. lead to
27. dies out
28. make progress
29. took part in
30. due to
【解析】
【21題詳解】
考查固定句型。句意：凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃。好像世界末日就要到了！分析句子可知，該句為It seemed as if…“看起來，似乎”的固定句型，滿足句意要求。故填as if。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：在閱讀過程中，你不需要每次遇到新單詞都去查字典。你可以從上下文猜出它的意思。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語refer to“參考，查閱”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前不定式符號to，可知為動詞原形。故填refer to。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：借著月光，我只能辨認(rèn)出形狀和輪廓。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語make out“辨認(rèn)出”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前could情態(tài)動詞，可知為動詞原形。故填make out。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：每句話都與中心思想有關(guān)嗎？根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語relate to“與……有關(guān)”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合句首Does助動詞可知為動詞原形。故填relate to。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：世界將變得不同，我們必須做好適應(yīng)這種變化的準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語adapt to“適應(yīng)”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前不定式符號to，可知為動詞原形。故填adapt to。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：然而，巨大的挑戰(zhàn)有時可以帶來偉大的解決方案。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語lead to“導(dǎo)致”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前can情態(tài)動詞可知，為動詞原形。故填lead to。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：如果某物滅絕的話它會越來越少最終直至消失。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語die out“滅絕”，滿足句意要求，根據(jù)主句謂語動詞becomes判斷從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語something不定代詞為單數(shù)，所以為動詞的三單形式。故填dies out。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你一定會進(jìn)步的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語make progress“取得進(jìn)步”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前助動詞will，可知為動詞原形。故填make progress。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：我們班大多數(shù)學(xué)生參加了上周的運(yùn)動會。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語take part in“參加”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合該句時間狀語last week，可知為過去時。故填took part in。
【30題詳解】
考查介詞短語。句意：湯姆回來晚了，因?yàn)樗诨丶业穆飞铣隽塑嚨?。根?jù)句意可知，此處為介詞短語due to“因?yàn)椤?，滿足句意。故填due to。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共11小題;每小題2分，共22分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
If you’d like to go sightseeing, the following World Heritage sites may be your best choices.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Jiuzhaigou Valley, which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province, China, reaches a height of more than 4, 800 m, with a series of different forest ecosystems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). It’s particularly famous for its narrow landforms and excellent waterfalls. Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley, as well as a number of endangered plants and animals, including the giant panda. Jiuzhaigou Valley was recognized as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1992.
Khami Ruins National Monument
The city of Khami, which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid- 16th century, is of great archaeological (考古的) interest. The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for trade over a long period of time. It joined the W orld Heritage List in 1986.
Henderson Island
Henderson Island, which lies in the eastern South Pacific, is one of the few atolls (環(huán)礁)in the world whose ecology (生態(tài)) has been untouched by humans. It is particularly famous for the 10 plants and 4 birds that can only be seen on the island. It was recorded in the World Heritage List in 1988.
Old City of Jerusalem
As a holy (神圣的) city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance. It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “World Heritage in Danger List” the following year.
31. What do we know about Jiuzhaigou Valley according to the passage?
A. It lies in the northern part of China.
B. It is famous for many ancient objects.
C. Wonderful waterfalls can be seen there.
D. It has been untouched by human beings.
32. From the passage, we can learn that Jerusalem________.
A. was once business center for trade
B. was given up in the mid- 16th century
C. has more than 140 kinds of birds living there
D. is a holy city for three major religions in the Middle East
33. According to the passage, which World Heritage site was most recently set?
A. Henderson Island.
B. Old City of Jerusalem.
C. Khami Ruins National Monument.
D. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area.
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四處世界遺產(chǎn)地供游客選擇。
【31題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area”部分關(guān)鍵句“It’s particularly famous for its narrow landforms and excellent waterfalls.”（它以其狹窄的地形和極好的瀑布而聞名。）可知，九寨溝以其狹窄的地形和極好的瀑布而聞名，由此可知，在九寨溝可以看到極好的瀑布。故選C項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Old City of Jerusalem”部分關(guān)鍵句“As a holy (神圣的) city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance.”（作為中東三個不同宗教的圣城，耶路撒冷一直具有重要的宗教意義。）可知，耶路撒冷是中東三個不同宗教的圣城，由此可知，從這篇文章中，我們可以了解到耶路撒冷是三大宗教的圣城。故選D項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area”部分關(guān)鍵句“Jiuzhaigou Valley was recognized as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1992.”（九寨溝于1992年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)。）可知，九寨溝是1992年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)“Khami Ruins National Monument”部分關(guān)鍵句“It joined the World Heritage List in 1986.”（它于1986年加入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。）可知，卡米國家遺址紀(jì)念地是1986年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)“Henderson Island”部分關(guān)鍵句“It was recorded in the World Heritage List in 1988.”（它于1988年被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。）可知，亨德森島是1988年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)“Old City of Jerusalem”部分關(guān)鍵句“It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “World Heritage in Danger List” the following year.”（1981年被授予世界遺產(chǎn)地位，次年被列入“瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”。）可知，耶路撒冷古城是1981年被授予世界遺產(chǎn)地位，次年被列入“瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”，綜上所述，對比時間可知，最近確定的世界遺產(chǎn)是九寨溝風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)。
B
I was excited to take my rescue Beagle (比格犬) to the river the other day, as it’s within walking distance of our new home. Having spent her first six years in a cage, Georgie had never seen a body of water, and I wanted to get there before sunset to watch her experience it.
I was growing increasingly impatient about all the stops her little Beagle nose required. She inspected the grass dirt, and trees, and licked (舔) whatever was stuck to the road. These were all new discoveries for her, and she took her time studying them.
When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along, I whipped out my cell phone and began texting. I thought that I needed something to do while Georgie was slowing us down. Then, for some reason, I heard the cicadas (蟬) ,and I remembered that the sound of cicadas is my favorite sound in the world. That awakened something buried within me that longed for the simple pleasures that had been replaced by technology.
I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie. Now, I admired the flowers and the winding ivy on our path. I smelled the grass and the flowers, and the dirt and the air. I treasured each one equally, as if discovering them for the first time.
As we neared our destination,1 realized something even more important: It didn’t matter if we even reached the river. Why must there always be a destination? Georgie had no idea that we had a destination. She was present for the journey, and she savored every bit of that sweet experience. There was no race and no finish line.
Now I’m not sure who rescued whom.
34. Why did the author take out the cellphone?
A. To kill time. B. To awaken the simple pleasures.
C. To hurry the dog along. D. To record the sound of cicadas.
35. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. How I enjoyed the journey. B. What I saw on the way.
C. Why I traveled to the river. D. Whether I reached my destination.
36. What does the underlined word “savored” in the fifth paragraph mean?
A. Smelt. B. Expected. C. Enjoyed. D. Deserved.
37. What is the best title for the text?
A. Say Goodbye to Cell Phones B. Think like a Dog
C. Learn to Get along with Pets D. Travel toward Destinations
【答案】34. A 35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述了作者學(xué)著像自己的狗Georgie一樣享受旅程的經(jīng)歷。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along, I whipped out my cell phone and began texting．（當(dāng)我意識到催她走是徒勞的時候，我掏出手機(jī)，開始發(fā)短信。）可知，作者拿出手機(jī)是為了消磨時間。故選A。
【35題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie．（我有意識地決定活在當(dāng)下，像Georgie一樣享受去河邊旅程。）以及第四段主要內(nèi)容為描述作者的旅途，可知，第四段主要講述了“我”如何享受這次旅行。故選A。
【36題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文every bit of that sweet experience可知她是這次旅行的親歷者，她盡情地享受著這次甜蜜的經(jīng)歷。故劃線單詞意思為“享受”。故選C。
【37題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie．（我有意識地決定活在當(dāng)下，像Georgie一樣享受去河邊的旅程。）以及閱讀全文可知，本文主要講述了作者學(xué)著像自己的狗狗一樣享受旅程的經(jīng)歷。故B選項(xiàng)“像狗一樣思考”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)于詞義猜測題做題技巧。詞義猜測題是閱讀理解中常見的一種題型，主要有對生詞的詞義猜測，熟詞新義以及代詞的猜測。其關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，利用已掌握的信息，有必要的時候，借助生活或者文化常識，確定單詞的詞義。如第三小題，根據(jù)下文every bit of that sweet experience可知她是這次旅行的親歷者，她盡情地享受著這次甜蜜的經(jīng)歷。故劃線單詞意思為“享受”。故選C。
C
The world’s animal populations have decreased by more than two - thirds since 1970, according to a recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The London group provided information on 32, 000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation(開發(fā)) of the environment, pollution, and climate change were great causes of the loss. Land- use change is still the biggest threat (威脅) to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “if we cannot limit warming to 1.5°C, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity(生物多樣性) loss in the coming years.”
Wildlife populations in Latin American and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.
These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species’ population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem’s (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive farmland and fisheries to thrive(蓬勃發(fā)展), but the current trends are severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.
Our future depends on reversing(扭轉(zhuǎn)) the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can’t solve one without solving the other. Everyone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
38. What is the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently?
A. Illegal hunting. B. Global warming.
C. Land- use change. D. Environmental pollution.
39. How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing figures. B. By analyzing the causes.
C. By making a comparison. D. By referring to a concept.
40. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A. Climate change threatens many wild animals.
B. Farmland is the basis of life- sustaining systems.
C. Extreme weather events have become more frequent.
D. Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.
41. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.
B. To call on people to take action to protect nature.
C. To present the increasing trend of climate change.
D. To show people’s efforts in making up for the loss of nature.
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了野生動物種群數(shù)量自1970年以來已經(jīng)減少了三分之二以上。
【38題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Land- use change is still the biggest threat (威脅) to wildlife. (土地利用變化仍然是野生動物面臨的最大威脅。)”可知，最近野生動物種群面臨的最大威脅是土地利用變化。故選C。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016. (研究顯示，50多年來，這些地區(qū)的人口下降了94%。河流和湖泊棲息地的野生動物數(shù)量減少最多。自1970年以來，淡水種群平均減少了83%。例如，從1994年到2016年，巴西亞馬孫河地區(qū)的粉紅河海豚數(shù)量下降了65%。)”可推斷，作者通過列出數(shù)字解釋第三段中淡水野生動物的減少。故選A。
【40題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Even one species’ population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem’s (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) ability to function. (即使一個物種的數(shù)量減少也會影響到其他物種，最終影響到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作能力。)”可知，物種多樣性對維持穩(wěn)定的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)很重要。故選D。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Everyone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend. (從個人到公司再到政府，每個人都有責(zé)任扭轉(zhuǎn)這些趨勢。如果沒有任何改變，動物數(shù)量無疑將繼續(xù)下降，導(dǎo)致野生動物滅絕，并威脅到我們賴以生存的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的整體性。)”及全文可推斷，本文的主要目的是呼吁人們采取行動保護(hù)自然。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
If you have been exposed to a natural disaster (for example, a tornado or hurricane), it is very important to learn ways of coping with natural disasters and their impact (巨大影響). Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk.____42____Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (擾亂) coping efforts. Despite the effects of natural disasters, there are steps you can take to cope.
____43____Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster.
Try to establish a schedule.____44____A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of control. Coming up with a daily, structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability(可預(yù)測性) and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.____45____A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. If you hold them in, they may only grow stronger in intensity.
Practice healthy coping strategies. Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions.____46____Alcohol use, excessive sleep, or seeking comfort in food may be effective short- term strategies for managing emotional distress. However, in the long- term, these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase.
A. Seek out and connect with social support.
B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C. For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning.
D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.
E. Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions.
F. Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions.
G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. E 46. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。每個人在生活中都有可能面臨突如其來的自然災(zāi)害，當(dāng)這樣的災(zāi)難真的來臨的時候，人們肯定會有壓力、恐懼等各種不適的情緒。文章告訴人們?nèi)绾蝸硖幚磉@種不適的感覺。
【42題詳解】
根據(jù)后句“Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (擾亂) coping efforts.(與其他創(chuàng)傷性事件不同，自然災(zāi)害也會導(dǎo)致財(cái)產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的破壞，進(jìn)一步影響你的壓力水平，破壞你的應(yīng)對努力。)”可知，自然災(zāi)害不但會造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，而且還會造成心理上的壓力。所以選擇項(xiàng)D“Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.(自然災(zāi)害會帶來高度的壓力、焦慮和憤怒。)”符合上下文語境。故選D。
【43題詳解】
根據(jù)后句“Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. (人們一次又一次地發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自他人的支持是幫助人們克服創(chuàng)傷性事件負(fù)面影響的主要因素。)”可知，要在其他人那里尋求幫助和支持。所以選擇項(xiàng)A“Seek out and connect with social support. (尋找并聯(lián)系社會支持。)”符合上下文語境。故選A。
【44題詳解】
根據(jù)前句“Try to establish a schedule. (試著建立一個時間表。)”可知，要制訂一個時間表，所以此處應(yīng)具體來解釋這個做法。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning. (例如，固定吃飯時間，或者早上起床時間。)”舉例子說明要建立時間表，符合上下文語境。故選C。
【45題詳解】
根據(jù)前句“Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. (談?wù)勛匀粸?zāi)害的影響。)”可知，通過和其他人交流的方式來釋放自己壓抑的情感。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions. (與他人分享你的感受，或者找到一些方式來表達(dá)你的情緒。)”符合上下文語境。故選E。
【46題詳解】
根據(jù)前句“Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. (自然災(zāi)害之后，你會經(jīng)歷一系列強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面情緒。)”可知，當(dāng)在自然災(zāi)害中有強(qiáng)烈的消極情感體驗(yàn)后，一定要會用健康的方法去調(diào)整這樣的情感。所以選擇項(xiàng)F“Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions. (因此，找到管理這些情緒的健康方式是非常重要的。)”符合上下文語境。故選F。
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，28分)
第一節(jié)(共3小題;第47、48題各2分，第49題4分，共8分)
閱讀下面的短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成對該問題的回答。答語要結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整，字跡清楚。
Good morning... I hope you all are doing well in your studies and if there is a problem related to your studies, please feel free to come to my office. Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject. As a Principal of this school, I try not only to make my children perform well in studies, but also to enlighten them on subjects which are very much concerned about mankind.
World Heritage has been described as the common wealth of mankind. This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations. Undoubtedly, heritage sites should be preserved and protected. They are invaluable wealth for mankind. The date of the holding of World Heritage Day is April 18 and it was first started in the year 1982.
I am speaking from my personal experience and I am sure every one of you must have noticed at some point. Regarding the fact that many people have developed irresponsible (negligent) attitude towards our national heritage. This is the reason that heritage buildings are often found damaged. However, it is due to the continuous repair work of such sites by the government that our nation is still able to keep its beauty, if not in its entirety, but at least to an extent it attracts millions of tourists a year.
World Heritage Day is actually a day for every concerned citizen of a country to feel proud of the great cultural property of its nation. At last, I want to say in many ways, we can contribute towards the maintenance (維持) of world heritage sites so that their beauty does not minimize and they remain the center of attraction for people all over the world.
Please consider what you can do to maintain the beauty of the world heritage. Let’s do our best!
47. Why does the speaker make this speech?
________________
48. What does the World Heritage Day remind us according to the speaker?
________________
49. What can you do to contribute towards the maintenance of world heritage sites?
________________
【答案】47. To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.
48. World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.
49. I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇演講稿。作者在世界遺產(chǎn)日來臨前為學(xué)生們做的有關(guān)保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)的演講，呼吁從我做起，保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)。
【47題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject.(今天，我和所有的老師決定召集所有的孩子參加世界遺產(chǎn)日的演講。因?yàn)檫@一天即將到來，我想給我的孩子們這個主題的知識。)”可知，演講者做這個演講是為了宣傳有關(guān)世界遺產(chǎn)日的知識給孩子們，故答案為To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.。
【48題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations.(這一天是對我們豐富的文化歷史的極好的提醒，保護(hù)我們的遺產(chǎn)是我們的責(zé)任，不僅是為了我們自己，也是為了子孫后代。)”可知，世界遺產(chǎn)日提醒我們我們擁有豐富的文化歷史，保護(hù)這些遺產(chǎn)是我們的責(zé)任，故答案為World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.。
【49題詳解】
本題是開放性試題，言之有理即可。參考答案：I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.
第二節(jié)(20分)
50. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華。為了幫助學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語，下周你班要在線上開展一次關(guān)于英語學(xué)習(xí)的交流活動，請你用英語給你的英國好友Jim寫一封郵件，邀請他參加并就“How to be polite in English”這一話題給出一些建議，內(nèi)容包括：
1.活動目的；
2活動安排；
3.注意事項(xiàng)。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右。
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
In order to help students learn English better, our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week. I’m writing to invite you to take part in it. Our classmates seem to be confusing about how to be polite in English. Would you please give us some suggestions on it?
The activity will be held at 8:00 on Tuesday and last about an hour. Considering there are some differences between Chinese and English culture, we could have a 10-minute question and answer session. Besides, for better interaction, we prepare some relative questions beforehand.
I’d appreciate it if you could give us an early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生用英語給你的英國好友Jim寫一封郵件，邀請他參加你班要在線上開展的關(guān)于英語學(xué)習(xí)的交流活動，并就“How to be polite in English”這一話題給出一些建議。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
相關(guān)的：relative→related
參加：take part in→participate in
建議：suggestion→advice/tips/hints
此外：besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：In order to help students learn English better, our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week.
拓展句：Our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week so that this can help students learn English better.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Our classmates seem to be confusing about how to be polite in English.)運(yùn)用了疑問詞+不定式作賓語)

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