新高考2024版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題小練習(xí)練習(xí)4單句語(yǔ)法填空+閱讀理解

這是一份新高考2024版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題小練習(xí)練習(xí)4單句語(yǔ)法填空+閱讀理解，共6頁(yè)。
2．[2023·湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)檢測(cè)]The reasn ________ he was late fr wrk was ________ he missed the bus by ne minute this mrning.
3．[2023·河北深州中學(xué)期末]With a ttal length f 4，000 meters and a width f 75 meters, ne f its runways is a 4F runway—the highest level in the internatinal aviatin industry, ________ large civil aircraft like an Airbus A380 can take ff and land.
4．Whenever I read the ld letters, ________ was fairly ften, sweet memries warmed my heart.
5．With a lving character, Tm is such a kind and helpful persn ________ we cannt praise t much.
6．It is the family pht hung n the wall that always reminds me that family is the place ________ I shuld try my best t take care f.
7．As far as I am cncerned，yuth is a perid ________ we shuld study hard and make urselves well prepared fr the future.
8．Yung ________ she is, she has traveled t many cuntries t put n shws.
9．The yung cuple, wh returned my lst wallet, left ________ I culd ask fr their names.
10．T such a degree was he excited ________ he culdn't sleep last night.
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
A
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.
B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.
B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.
D．T test the ec-machine.
3．What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn's research plans.
B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn's different jbs.
D．T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.
D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
B
Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (對(duì)稱的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin's cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin's cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (線索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
5．Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A．By fllwing instructins.
B．By using a tl.
C．By turning the bx arund.
D．By remving the lid.
6．Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A．Using a key t unlck a dr.
B．Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C．Putting a ball int a rund hle.
D．Gruping tys f different shapes.
7．What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A．Hw far they are able t see.
B．Hw they track mving bjects.
C．Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
8．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats：Quick Errr Checkers
B．Cckats：Independent Learners
C．Cckats：Clever Signal-Readers
D．Cckats：Skilful Shape-Srters
黃金考點(diǎn)
語(yǔ)法填空——介詞
練習(xí)4 單句語(yǔ)法填空＋閱讀理解
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空(定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句)
1．答案與解析：when 句意為：會(huì)議將被推遲到下周，那時(shí)我們的大部分客戶就已從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a time，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。
2．答案與解析：why; that 句意為：他上班遲到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分鐘，錯(cuò)過(guò)了公共汽車。第一空應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reasn，第二空應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why; that。
3．答案與解析：where 句意為：它其中的一條跑道總長(zhǎng)4 000米，寬75米，是國(guó)際航空業(yè)中等級(jí)最高的4F跑道，像空客A380這樣的大型民用飛機(jī)，可以在這里起飛和降落。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是runway，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。
4．答案與解析：which 分析句子可知，________ was fairly ften是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的整個(gè)句子，系動(dòng)詞was前缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which。
5．答案與解析：as 分析句子可知，定語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞praise后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞 a kind and helpful persn前有such修飾，故用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
6．答案與解析：which/that 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)take care f后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞為the place，故用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
7．答案與解析：when 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞a perid，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when。就我而言，青春是我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)并且讓我們自己為未來(lái)做好充分準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)期。
8．答案與解析：as/thugh 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，as/thugh在此引導(dǎo)用了倒裝形式的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”。
9．答案與解析：befre 那對(duì)年輕的夫婦歸還了我丟失的錢包，在我還沒(méi)有問(wèn)他們的名字之前他們就離開(kāi)了。根據(jù)句子的意思，空處表示“在……之前”，故填befre。
10．答案與解析：that 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為such... that...“如此……以至于……”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，故填that。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
A
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Jhn Tdd從小就很愛(ài)思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用大自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。
1．答案與解析：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹(shù)林，觀察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開(kāi)始想知道這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回到了觀察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚(yú)類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。
2．答案與解析：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開(kāi)始吃了起來(lái)！幾周之內(nèi)，它就完全被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。
3．答案與解析：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1 600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。
4．答案與解析：A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把微生物放在新的關(guān)系中，并觀察要發(fā)生的事情。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)形成它們自己的自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。
B
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。
5．答案與解析：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (雖然人們不知道這些鳥(niǎo)在野外會(huì)使用工具，但事實(shí)證明，它們?cè)陉P(guān)在籠子里時(shí)就能熟練地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ t chse frm. Inserting the crrect ‘keys’ wuld let ut the nut. (研究人員給了這些鳥(niǎo)5把形狀各異的“鑰匙”供它們選擇。插入正確的“鑰匙”會(huì)讓堅(jiān)果出來(lái))”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過(guò)使用工具從盒子里取出堅(jiān)果的。故選B。
6．答案與解析：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人類身上，嬰兒從一歲左右就可以把一個(gè)圓形的物品放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里)”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知，一歲兒童最有可能完成“將一個(gè)球放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里”的任務(wù)。故選C。
7．答案與解析：D 推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根據(jù)研究人員的說(shuō)法，下一步是嘗試弄清楚鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依靠視覺(jué)線索，還是也使用觸覺(jué)來(lái)選擇它們的形狀)”可推知，后續(xù)測(cè)試的目的是了解鳳頭鸚鵡在測(cè)試中是否使用觸覺(jué)。故選D。
8．答案與解析：D 主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第一段“Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識(shí)別能力與兩歲的人類相似)”可推知，本文主要介紹了會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。D項(xiàng)“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形狀的熟練工)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。
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考點(diǎn)8
介詞的基本用法
考例
The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (環(huán)形山), mre s ________ the familiar near side.
點(diǎn)撥
考查介詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的mre可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填介詞than。
考點(diǎn)9
介詞用于固定短語(yǔ)
考例
Bamb plants are assciated ________ health, abundance and a happy hme.
點(diǎn)撥
句意：竹子與健康、富足和幸福家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be assciated with為固定短語(yǔ)，故填with。