?2023屆河南省許平汝名校高三下學(xué)期核心模擬卷（四）英語試題
學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________

一、閱讀理解
“If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man,” Ernest Hemingway once wrote, “then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast.” Here are some places Hemingway frequented in Paris.
Harry’s New York Bar
One of the bars Hemingway frequented was Harry’s New York Bar. Sitting on Paris’ Right Bank near the Paris Opera, the bar opened in 1911 and served as a meeting place for foreigners in the city. The bar was originally in New York. Its owner, Tod Sloan, had it shipped across the Atlantic to Paris. The “Harry’s” in the name came from a waiter who bought it from Sloan in 1923. Harry’s is the birthplace of a number of famous drinks, from Paris 75 to Sidecar.
Address: 5 rue Daunou, 75002
Les Deux Magot
It was once the meeting place for famous writers in Paris, including Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre. Hemingway also frequented the café, and even used it as a setting for his novel The Sun Also Rises.
Address: 6 Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006
La Closerie des Lilas
Hemingway wrote most of The Sun Also Rises here. La Closerie des Lilas was also the first place where Hemingway read F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby.
Address: 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015
Jardin du Luxembourg
When his family ran out of money, Hemingway would sometimes hunt pigeons (鴿子) in Jardin du Luxembourg. Having broken their necks, he would hide them in his son’s clothes. You don’t have to hunt pigeons to explore and experience the natural beauty of the second largest park in Paris, however.
Address: 6 Arrondissement, 75006
1．What can we know about Harry’s New York Bar?
A．It is in New York City. B．It is on Paris’ Left Bank.
C．It was opened in 1923. D．It is the birthplace of Sidecar.2．Which place is used as a background for The Sun Also Rises?
A．5 rue Daunou, 75002. B．6 Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006.
C．6 Arrondissement, 75006. D．171 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015.3．Why did Hemingway hunt pigeons in Jardin du Luxembourg?
A．He could not afford to buy meat. B．He gave them to his son as pets.
C．He really enjoyed illegal hunting. D．He particularly loved pigeon meat.

Roger Federer never let them see him sweat. He played tennis with a style that rarely showed the effort behind the masterful attacking. He did not cry on losses or celebrate wins wildly.
His seemingly effortless style helped him to win, and win a lot: 20 Grand Slam championships-a half-dozen more than any man before him, and 103 tournament titles, plus a Davis Cup award and Olympic medals for Switzerland, and stayed week after week at No. 1 in the rankings.
“Every time people write me off, or try to write me off, I’m able to comeback,” Federer once said. On Thursday, about a month past his 41st birthday, he announced that there would be no more comebacks this time.
“Some depart, others come and the world keeps going,” one of Federer’s competitors, Rafael Nadal, said. “It’s a natural cycle.”
Yes, the world will keep going. But tennis will not be the same. Once a table-throwing kid—off the court, where he would overturn aches stable when losing to his father—who grew up admiring basketball stars such as Michael Jordan and soccer players more than tennis players, Federer became a symbol of his sport: grace, humility, beloved by everyone.
“There will be people who will win more medals. There will always be a new No. 1. But no one has had such a big impact and will continue to have such a big impact,” Rafael Nadal admitted. “We’ll miss him.”
When it came to success, Federer cared about competition more than anything else. He was proud of facing—and defeating—stars from an earlier generation (Sampras and And re Agassi), from his own generation (Andy Roddick, Lleyton Hewitt and Mar at Safin), and from the next generation (Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka).
“I was lucky enough to play so many great matches that I will never forget,” Federer wrote in his goodbye post addressed to his competitors. “We battled with passion. We pushed each other, and together we took tennis to new levels.”
4．Which of the following can best describe Roger Federer’s style?
A．Elegant. B．Skillful. C．Effortless. D．Wild.5．What does paragraph 2 focus on?
A．Tennis fans’ love for Roger Federer. B．Roger Federer’s personality.
C．The length of Roger Federer’s career. D．Roger Federer’s achievements.6．What can be inferred from Rafael Nadal’s words?
A．He doesn’t think Roger Federer is a great player.
B．He is relieved to hear Roger Federer’s retirement.
C．He is not surprised to learn Roger Federer’s decision.
D．He is unconcerned about Roger Federer’s announcement.7．What is Roger Federer’s attitude toward his competitors?
A．Unfriendly. B．Appreciative. C．Distrustful. D．Merciful.

Ewan Birney and Nick Goldman decided to have a drink in a pub after a tiring discussion on how to manage the thousands and thousands of genetic (基因的) information from humans, plants and animals that was stored in the European Bioinformatics Institute, where they were working. The data storage was getting too expensive.
Luckily, the solution was right in front of them and they had been working with it every day.
“It occurred to us that DNA is a really good way of storing information,” Goldman recalled during an interview. “It is nature’s hard drive, a permanent record of genetic information written in just four letters: A, C, G and T. Obviously, it has huge advantages over the computer’s most basic language which exists as a series of zeroes and ones.”
For a start, it takes up far less space. For example, 1kg DNA can contain as much data as 3 billion CDs do and all of the world’s data would fit in the back of a car. DNA can last for thousands of years as long as it is kept in cold, dry and dark conditions. And using DNA would finally save us from constantly replacing the storage media such as CDs, tapes, and rewriting our information, all at great expense.
“So over the second beer, we started to think about the critical step: how to translate the digital codes (代碼) into genetic ones,” he said.
They started with a digital file of Shakespeare’s poems. With a simple software, they translated the zeroes and ones into As, Cs, Gs and Ts. Then they sent the file off to Agilent Technologies, a biotech company.
When the DNA was mailed back to them, their first reaction was that the company hadn’t done it properly, because they received a tiny bottle that seemed empty. But the DNA was there and all the files were 100 percent accurate.
“At present, DNA would only become an economic option to store information that has to be kept for thousands of years. If the price falls by 100 times, you may afford to store your wedding videos in DNA,” Goldman said, laughing.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Data. B．DNA． C．The institute. D．The discussion.9．What is the key step to store Shakespeare’s poems in the DNA?
A．Rewriting the letters in it. B．Designing the very complex software.
C．Discovering its structure. D．Changing the digital codes into genetic codes.10．How did the scientists feel on receiving the bottle from Agilent Technologies?
A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Scared.11．What is the problem with the DNA storage?
A．The cost. B．The security. C．The capacity. D．The reliability.

“From wearing silly clothes to holding funny ceremonies, such seemingly bizarre rituals (儀式) can be seen everywhere, and most of them do not seem to serve any obvious purpose,” Dimitris Xygalatas writes at the beginning of his new book Rituals: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living.
Then why are humans still in love with such rituals?
Some of them are intended to unify the participants. The goose steps practised by the soldiers all around the world area great example. When we all perform the same actions in a predictable way, as rituals often require, it can create a sense of togetherness and cooperation, which maybe a matter of life and death in the face of danger.
Many rituals originated when humans started living in ever bigger groups, which exposed them to all kinds of violence, disasters and diseases. To prevent such risks from occurring, humans created various rituals. In regions where violence was common and the threat of disaster and disease was high, societies tended to emphasize strict ritualized behaviors, such as body-washing and sexual purity. Of course, not all of them were effective because they didn’t always understand what was causing the risks they were trying to control.
Most of the rituals just provide psychological comfort. Earlier this month, people around the world participated in one of humankind’s largest gathering to celebrate the New Year. The rituals included fireworks, gifts as well as some practices unique to specific cultures, such as cooking black-eyed peas and greens in the southeastern United States, or eating a grape with each midnight clock strike in Spain. In the face of uncertainty, such rituals give the participants some kind of control, which helps boost confidence and reduce anxiety.
However, the variety of rituals can also separate people, particularly when the valued practices of one culture strike another as strange and can not be clearly explained. “So here’s the surprising lesson we have to learn from such seemingly senseless rituals: Do in Rome as the Romans do since working isn’t the real point,” concludes Dimitris Xygalatas.
12．What does the underlined word “bizarre” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Difficult. B．Strange. C．Wonderful. D．Effective.13．Which ritual just provides psychological comfort?
A．Stressing pure sexual relationship. B．Practising goose steps in the army.
C．Eating grapes on New Year’s Eve. D．Washing hands before religious rituals.14．What is Dimitris Xygalatas’ advice concerning the rituals?
A．Respecting them. B．Just following the effective ones.
C．Reducing the variety. D．Introducing better replacements.15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To argue against Dimitris Xygalatas. B．To review a recently published book.
C．To show the side effects of some rituals. D．To explain the origins and impacts of rituals.


二、七選五
The act of making and being a friend is as simple as it is difficult. Here area few tips to help you make new friends as well as to take better care of the friendships you already have.
16 . It’s a little bit awkward to reach out to somebody you don’t know well—whether that’s sending the first text message or starting small talk in the elevator. But you have to accept it. Otherwise you can’t make any new friends.
Remember that people will like you more than you think they will. 17 . Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex in the UK, has done research on something called the “l(fā)iking gap”, which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. 18 . Instead, remember that when you talk to someone else, you’re actually brightening their day.
Invest in activities that you love. Ask anyone about how to make friends and they will most likely tell you to try a new hobby. It might sound empty, but it works. 19 . Then people will be drawn to you because you’ll be in the right place.
Be present. The planet is warming, and there’s so much good television out there to watch. We get it. But if you want to keep your friendships, you have to show up for them. 20 .
A．So don’t listen to it
B．Accept the awkwardness
C．Do the things you’re enthusiastic about
D．You don’t have to be interested in just one thing
E．You have to listen and notice things about your friend
F．We have a few tips for being present and engaged with your friends
G．Actually, this advice is based on a well-known theory and some field research


三、完形填空
It was at a lively coming-back-to-school celebration in Rockwall, Texas. Cheerleader Tyra Winters was 21 waving at the crowds from one of the floats (花車) as it slowly 22 its way down the street. All of a sudden, a 23 came from the crowds. Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air, while his 24 mother was begging for help.
“I 25 a little bright red face,” Winters later told KTVT. “There was no coughing. There was no 26 .”
The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat and 27 his windpipe. No one seemed to know how to 28 , except for Winters, a senior with dreams of 29 a doctor. She had learned the 30 related to first aid.
Knowing that 31 was running out, she jumped off the float and ran to the 32 . By the time she got to him, his face had turned purple. She took the boy from his mother, held him face down on her knee and gave him three hard pushes on the 33 .
Soon, the boy coughed up the piece of candy, and began breathing again. Without another 34 , Winters handed him back to his mother and ran back to her float. It all happened so 35 that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.
“She didn’t 36 to,” says Winters. “I knew what she was 37 . I saw her tears. I saw her face.”
“I don’t really have any words. I just stood there 38 ,” says the boy’s mother. “The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘ 39 ’. But they don’t seem 40 enough.”
21．A．sleepily B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．impatiently D．enthusiastically
22．A．built B．made C．chose D．lost
23．A．fire B．ball C．scream D．flower
24．A．frightened B．excited C．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．satisfied
25．A．missed B．drew C．saw D．imagined
26．A．laughing B．breathing C．dancing D．praising
27．A．blocked B．blew C．washed D．dried
28．A．operate B．read C．play D．help
29．A．becoming B．calling C．finding D．meeting
30．A．consequences B．courses C．benefits D．difficulties
31．A．money B．water C．time D．blood
32．A．hospital B．doctor C．school D．child
33．A．face B．back C．stomach D．chest
34．A．word B．wave C．a(chǎn)rgument D．a(chǎn)pology
35．A．early B．rudely C．fast D．professionally
36．A．want B．try C．hope D．need
37．A．feeling B．saying C．waiting D．cooking
38．A．heartbroken B．speechless C．a(chǎn)wake D．stressed
39．A．excuse me B．one more C．my pleasure D．thank you
40．A．cold B．happy C．good D．formal


四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The course of human history has been shaped by many 41 (force), from kings and wars to science and technology. Frequently, however, the world has been changed—or, better yet, improved—by a single simple idea. Over the past 150 years alone, the invention of toilets was credited 42 saving more than a billion lives, while countless other innovations have saved tens of millions more.
In most cases, these breakthroughs have been the results of single-minded efforts 43 (solve) specific problems. But many of 44 most important life-saving inventions have been made by accident. The safety glass most commonly 45 (use) in car windows, for example, was invented when French scientist Edouard Benedictus 46 (careless) dropped a glass bottle containing a liquid plastic 47 not only stopped the glass from breaking but enabled it to keep its 48 (origin) shape. Penicillin, meanwhile, was discovered when Scottish researcher Alexander Fleming accidentally 49 (pollute) a dish of bacteria he was working on. And X-rays were the byproduct of a German physics 50 (professor) experiments with cathode ray (陰極射線) tubes.


五、短文改錯(cuò)
51．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
When I started learning Chinese, I was telling that it would take me 10 years to become fluent. However, I’m still working at it 27 years late.
Due to our work on television, some Chinese language learners may think my Chinese is very good. But every day I’m reminded of why I don’t know and how much more there is to learn about.
Gaining fluency in Chinese is marathon and a lot of things may effect how long it will take, from the classes you take, to find a good teacher. And different people have different ideas on fluency. I consider fluency as the ability to read or understand newspapers, magazines and to engage in daily conversations. Who care how long it takes? Just do it and you’ll love it!

六、邀請(qǐng)信
52．假定你是李華，你的外國(guó)朋友Mike來信表示對(duì)中國(guó)文化很感興趣。正巧這學(xué)期你校要開設(shè)“話說中國(guó)節(jié)(Festivals in China)”的線上課程，請(qǐng)你回信向他推薦此課程。內(nèi)容包括：
1．課程介紹；
2．報(bào)名事宜。
注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
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參考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了海明威寓居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常光顧的地方。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Harry’s New York Bar部分“Harry’s is the birthplace of a number of famous drinks, from Paris 75 to Sidecar. (哈利是許多著名飲料的發(fā)源地，從巴黎75到Sidecar。)”可知，哈利是Sidecar的發(fā)源地。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Les Deux Magot部分“Hemingway also frequented the café, and even used it as a setting for his novel The Sun Also Rises. (海明威也經(jīng)常光顧這家咖啡館，甚至把它作為他的小說《太陽照常升起》的背景。)”可知，這個(gè)酒吧在海明威的小說《太陽照樣升起》中出現(xiàn)過。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Jardin du Luxembourg部分“When his family ran out of money, Hemingway would sometimes hunt pigeons (鴿子) in Jardin du Luxembourg. (當(dāng)家里沒錢的時(shí)候，海明威有時(shí)會(huì)在盧森堡花園里獵鴿子。)”可知，海明威是因?yàn)樯罹狡炔磐但C鴿子改善生活的。故選A。
4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述在羅杰·費(fèi)德勒（Roger Federer）即將退役之際，作者對(duì)這位網(wǎng)球傳奇人物的球風(fēng)、人格魅力及影響力毫不吝嗇地贊美了一番。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Roger Federer never let them see him sweat. He played tennis with a style that rarely showed the effort behind the masterful attacking. He did not cry on losses or celebrate wins wildly. (羅杰·費(fèi)德勒從不讓他們看到他揮汗如雨。他打網(wǎng)球的風(fēng)格很少顯示出他在進(jìn)攻上的嫻熟。他沒有為失敗而哭泣，也沒有瘋狂地慶祝勝利。)”可知，羅杰·費(fèi)德勒打球不出汗、攻擊不顯狠、丟球不哭喊及贏球不發(fā)狂，他的球風(fēng)只能用優(yōu)雅來形容。故選A。
5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“His seemingly effortless style helped him to win, and win a lot: 20 Grand Slam championships-a half-dozen more than any man before him, and 103 tournament titles, plus a Davis Cup award and Olympic medals for Switzerland, and stayed week after week at No. 1 in the rankings.(他看似毫不費(fèi)力的風(fēng)格幫助他贏得了勝利，并贏得了很多：20次大滿貫冠軍，比他之前的任何人都多6次，103次錦標(biāo)賽冠軍，加上戴維斯杯獎(jiǎng)和瑞士奧運(yùn)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)牌，并連續(xù)幾周位居排名第一。)”可知，這一段主要介紹羅杰·費(fèi)德勒的成就。故選D。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Some depart, others come and the world keeps going,” one of Federer’s competitors, Rafael Nadal, said. “It’s a natural cycle.”(費(fèi)德勒的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之一拉斐爾·納達(dá)爾說：“有些人離開，有些人來，世界繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。這是一個(gè)自然循環(huán)?！?”可知，拉斐爾·納達(dá)爾對(duì)已經(jīng)41歲的羅杰·費(fèi)德勒的退役決定一點(diǎn)都不感到驚訝。故選C。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““I was lucky enough to play so many great matches that I will never forget,” Federer wrote in his goodbye post addressed to his competitors. “We battled with passion. We pushed each other, and together we took tennis to new levels.”(費(fèi)德勒在致競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的告別信中寫道：“我很幸運(yùn)，打了這么多精彩的比賽，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。”?！拔覀兂錆M激情地戰(zhàn)斗。我們相互推動(dòng)，我們一起將網(wǎng)球提升到了新的水平?！?”可知，羅杰·費(fèi)德勒對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是抱有欣賞的態(tài)度的。故選B。
8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了利用DNA存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。
8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Luckily, the solution was right in front of them and they had been working with it every day. (幸運(yùn)的是，解決方案就在他們面前，他們每天都在使用它。)”可知，it代指的是他們每天都在接觸和使用的東西。結(jié)合第一段中“Ewan Birney and Nick Goldman decided to have a drink in a pub after a tiring discussion on how to manage the thousands and thousands of genetic (基因的) information from humans, plants and animals(尤恩·伯尼和尼克·戈德曼在歐洲生物信息學(xué)研究所工作，他們就如何管理儲(chǔ)存在那里的成千上萬的人類、植物和動(dòng)物的遺傳信息進(jìn)行了一番無聊的討論，之后決定去酒吧喝一杯。)”和第三段中“It occurred to us that DNA is a really good way of storing information(我們突然想到DNA是一種很好的存儲(chǔ)信息的方式)”可知，他們?cè)跉W洲生物信息學(xué)研究所工作，DNA是他們每天使用的東西，所以it指代的就是DNA。故選B。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“So over the second beer, we started to think about the critical step: how to translate the digital codes (代碼) into genetic ones, (因此，在第二杯啤酒中，我們開始思考關(guān)鍵的一步：如何將數(shù)字代碼轉(zhuǎn)換為基因代碼，)”可知，關(guān)鍵的一步是將數(shù)字代碼轉(zhuǎn)換為基因代碼。故選D。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“When the DNA was mailed back to them, their first reaction was that the company hadn’t done it properly (當(dāng)DNA被郵寄回他們時(shí)，他們的第一反應(yīng)是公司沒有做好這件事)”可知，這兩位科學(xué)家一開始非常擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)碼公司弄錯(cuò)了。故選C。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“At present, DNA would only become an economic option to store information that has to be kept for thousands of years. If the price falls by 100 times, you may afford to store your wedding videos in DNA (目前，DNA只會(huì)成為存儲(chǔ)必須保存數(shù)千年的信息的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。如果價(jià)格下跌100倍，你可能有能力將婚禮視頻存儲(chǔ)在DNA中)”可知，目前利用DNA存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的成本還非常高，不適合存儲(chǔ)普通數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要剖析了各種儀式背后的社會(huì)、宗教及心理基礎(chǔ)與影響。
12．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“From wearing silly clothes to holding funny ceremonies(從穿傻乎乎的衣服到舉行滑稽的儀式)”可推斷，劃線詞所在句子表示“從穿傻乎乎的衣服到舉行有趣的儀式，這種看似奇怪的儀式隨處可見”，劃線詞bizarre的意思是“奇怪的”，和Strange意思相近，故選B。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Most of the rituals just provide psychological comfort.??Earlier this month, people around the world participated in one of humankind’s largest gathering to celebrate the New Year.??The rituals included fireworks, gifts as well as some practices unique to specific cultures, such as cooking black-eyed peas and greens in the southeastern United States, or eating a grape with each midnight clock strike in Spain.(大多數(shù)儀式只是提供心理安慰。本月早些時(shí)候，世界各地的人們參加了人類最大的慶祝新年的聚會(huì)之一。這些儀式包括煙花、禮物以及一些特定文化特有的習(xí)俗，比如在美國(guó)東南部煮黑眼豌豆和綠色蔬菜，或者在西班牙每次午夜鐘聲敲響時(shí)吃一顆葡萄。)”可知在新年前夜吃葡萄只是提供心理安慰，故選C。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Do in Rome as the Romans do since working isn’t the real point,” concludes Dimitris Xygalatas.(“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，因?yàn)楣ぷ鞑⒉皇钦嬲囊饬x，”Dimitris Xygalatas總結(jié)道。)”可知， Dimitris Xygalatas建議大家入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，尊重不同文化中的儀式。故選A。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Then why are humans still in love with such rituals?(那么為什么人類仍然熱愛這樣的儀式呢？)”及后面的細(xì)節(jié)可知，作者意在剖析各種儀式背后的社會(huì)、宗教及心理基礎(chǔ)與影響，因此本文的目的是解釋儀式的起源和影響。故選D。
16．B 17．G 18．A 19．C 20．E

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)結(jié)識(shí)新朋友、保鮮舊友情的方法。
16．根據(jù)下文“It’s a little bit awkward to reach out to somebody you don’t know well—whether that’s sending the first text message or starting small talk in the elevator. But you have to accept it. (聯(lián)系一個(gè)你不太了解的人有點(diǎn)尷尬——無論是發(fā)送第一條短信還是在電梯里開始閑聊。但你必須接受它。)”可知，這里建議人們要學(xué)會(huì)接受尷尬。B選項(xiàng)“坦然接受那份尷尬”和下文意思一致。故選B。
17．上文“Remember that people will like you more than you think they will. (記住，人們會(huì)比你想象的更喜歡你。)”和下文“Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex in the UK, has done research on something called the “l(fā)iking gap”, which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. (英國(guó)埃塞克斯大學(xué)心理學(xué)高級(jí)講師吉莉安·桑德斯特羅姆（Gillian Sandstrom）對(duì)一種名為“喜歡差距”的東西進(jìn)行了研究，即你腦海中的小聲音告訴你有人不太喜歡你是錯(cuò)誤的。)”可知，作者要我們記住別人很可能對(duì)我們的主動(dòng)交友行為會(huì)作出善意的回應(yīng)，下文提供了理論及實(shí)證支持，G選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，這個(gè)建議是有理論與實(shí)踐研究支持的”正好起到了過渡作用，和上下文意思一致。故選G。
18．根據(jù)上文“which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. (即你腦海中的小聲音告訴你有人不太喜歡你是錯(cuò)誤的。)”和下文“Instead, remember that when you talk to someone else, you’re actually brightening their day. (相反，請(qǐng)記住，當(dāng)你和別人交談時(shí)，你實(shí)際上是在讓他們的一天變得愉快。)”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“因此，不要聽它的”和上下文意思一致。故選A。
19．根據(jù)上文“Invest in activities that you love. Ask anyone about how to make friends and they will most likely tell you to try a new hobby. It might sound empty, but it works. (投資于你喜歡的活動(dòng)。問任何人如何交朋友，他們很可能會(huì)告訴你嘗試一種新的愛好。這聽起來可能很空洞，但它確實(shí)有效。)”可知，這里建議人們做自己喜歡的事情。C選項(xiàng)“做你熱衷的事情”和上文意思一致。故選C。
20．根據(jù)上文“Be present. The planet is warming, and there’s so much good television out there to watch. We get it. But if you want to keep your friendships, you have to show up for them. (在場(chǎng)。地球正在變暖，有那么多好的電視節(jié)目可以看。我們明白了。但是，如果你想保持你的友誼，你必須為他們而出現(xiàn)。)”可知，這一段建議人們要多關(guān)注你的朋友。E選項(xiàng)“你得傾聽朋友的心聲、關(guān)注朋友的動(dòng)態(tài)”和上文意思一致。故選E。

21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。高中生Tyra Winters剛選修了一些急救課程，沒想到在開學(xué)游街活動(dòng)中正好派上了用場(chǎng)，救了一個(gè)兩歲小男孩的命。
21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：拉拉隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)泰拉·溫特斯在一輛花車上熱情地向人群揮手，花車慢慢地沿著街道行駛。A. sleepily困倦地；B. angrily生氣地；C. impatiently不耐煩地；D. enthusiastically充滿熱情地。在熱鬧的慶典活動(dòng)上，啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該是充滿激情地（enthusiastically）向人群招手致意。故選D項(xiàng)。
22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：拉拉隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)泰拉·溫特斯在一輛花車上熱情地向人群揮手，花車慢慢地沿著街道行駛。A. built建造；B. made制造；使；C. chose選擇；D. lost失去。由下文“its way down the street.”可知，花車慢慢地沿著街道行駛，固定短語make one’s way意為“前進(jìn)，向前”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，人群中傳來一聲尖叫。A. fire火；B. ball球；C. scream尖叫；D. flower花。由下文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air,”孩子突發(fā)疾病，媽媽應(yīng)該是驚慌地尖叫。故選C項(xiàng)。
24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：向下一看，溫特斯看到一個(gè)兩歲的男孩在人行道上掙扎著呼吸，而他嚇壞了的母親正在乞求幫助。A. frightened驚恐的；B. excited興奮的；激動(dòng)的；C. annoyed惱火的，生氣的；D. satisfied滿意的。由上文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air,”可知，兩歲的孩子突發(fā)疾病，不能呼吸，他的媽媽正常反應(yīng)應(yīng)該是驚慌。故選A項(xiàng)。
25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到一張通紅的小臉。A. missed錯(cuò)過；思念；B. drew垃拽；繪畫；C. saw看見；D. imagined想象。根據(jù)上文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air....”可知，溫特斯看到了一個(gè)小男孩，這里具體地說看到(saw)的小男孩面部的情況。故選C項(xiàng)。
26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有咳嗽。沒有呼吸。A. laughing大笑；B. breathing呼吸；C. dancing跳舞；D. praising贊美，夸獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)第四空前的“struggling for air”及后面說一塊糖果滑下了喉嚨，結(jié)合14空后“began breathing again”可知，這時(shí)小孩是被東西卡住了氣管而不能呼吸（breathing）。故選B項(xiàng)。
27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那個(gè)男孩正在舔一塊糖果，突然糖果滑進(jìn)了他的喉嚨，堵住了他的氣管。A. blocked堵塞，阻擋；B. blew刮風(fēng)；C. washed清洗；D. dried烘干，晾干。由上文“The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat”可知，一塊糖果滑下喉嚨，應(yīng)該會(huì)是堵塞氣管。故選A項(xiàng)。
28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：似乎沒有人知道如何幫助，除了溫特斯，一個(gè)夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生的大四學(xué)生。A. operate操作；動(dòng)手術(shù)；B. read讀；C. play玩耍；打球；播放；D. help幫助。由上文“No one seemed to know how to”可知，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)很多人看到孩子不能呼吸，想要幫助但是不知道怎樣幫助，沒有專業(yè)知識(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。
29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：似乎沒有人知道如何幫助，除了溫特斯，一個(gè)夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生的大四學(xué)生。A. becoming成為；B. calling打電話；C. finding發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到；D. meeting遇到，會(huì)見。由上文“except for Winters, a senior with dreams of”和下文“a doctor”以及文章提到的溫特斯選擇學(xué)習(xí)急救相關(guān)課程，知道如何救助這個(gè)小男孩。由此可知，他夢(mèng)想自己有朝一日成為醫(yī)生，救死扶傷。故選A項(xiàng)。
30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她學(xué)過與急救有關(guān)的課程。A. consequences結(jié)果；B. courses課程；C. benefits好處，益處；D. difficulties困難。該空名詞作learn的賓語，其后置定語意為“和急救相關(guān)的”，可知courses符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道時(shí)間不多了，她從花車上跳下來，跑向那個(gè)孩子。A. money金錢；B. water水；C. time時(shí)間；D. blood血液。由下文“was running out, she jumped off the float and ran to the”和語境可知，小男孩氣管堵塞，呼吸困難，時(shí)間緊迫，再耽誤時(shí)間，孩子就救不了了。故選C項(xiàng)。
32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道時(shí)間不多了，她從花車上跳下來，跑向那個(gè)孩子。A. hospital醫(yī)院；B. doctor醫(yī)生；C. school學(xué)校；D. child孩子。由上文“ran to the”和下文“By the time she got to him, his face had turned purple.”可知，溫特斯跳下花車，應(yīng)該是跑向孩子，她有急救知識(shí)，要去救孩子。故選D項(xiàng)。
33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她把男孩從母親手里抱過來，把他臉朝下放在自己的膝蓋上，在他的背上狠狠地推了三下。A. face臉；B. back背；C. stomach胃，肚子；D. chest胸部。根據(jù)空前“She… held him face down on her knee…”可知，小孩臉朝下，她是用力拍小孩的后背（back）。故選B項(xiàng)。
34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：溫特斯二話沒說，把他交還給母親，然后跑回她的花車旁。A. word單詞；話語；B. wave波浪；C. argument爭(zhēng)論，辯論；D. apology歉意；道歉。根據(jù)空后“It all happened so _________ that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.”可知，對(duì)孩子急救完成后，孩子恢復(fù)正常，Tyra Winters沒有說話，掉頭就追花車去了，繼續(xù)去做她的拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng)工作。故選A項(xiàng)。
35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切發(fā)生得太快了，母親甚至沒有時(shí)間感謝這個(gè)少年。A. early早地；B. rudely粗魯?shù)?；C. fast快地；D. professionally專業(yè)地。由下文“the mother never had time to thank the teenager.”提到母親沒來得及道謝，可知，溫特斯施救又離去，整個(gè)過程應(yīng)該是發(fā)生的很快。故選C項(xiàng)。
36．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她不需要這么做。A. want想要；B. try努力；嘗試；C. hope希望；D. need需要。根據(jù)上下語境可知，這里指溫特斯認(rèn)為孩子母親沒有必要向她道謝。故選D項(xiàng)。
37．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道她的感受。我看到了她的眼淚。我看到了她的臉。A. feeling感覺；B. saying說；C. waiting等待；D. cooking做飯，烹飪。由下文“I saw her tears. I saw her face”可知，她能從母親臉上的淚珠與表情判斷出她的感受（feeling）。故選A項(xiàng)。
38．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是站在那里說不出話來。A. heartbroken心碎的，傷心的；B. speechless說不出話來，語言不能表達(dá)的；C. awake清醒的；D. stressed壓力大的。根據(jù)前面“I don’t really have any words.”那位母親又驚又喜，站在那里一句話都說不出來，心情很激動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
39．考查交際用語辨析。句意：你會(huì)對(duì)任何為你做過事情的人說‘謝謝’。A. excuse me請(qǐng)?jiān)?；B. one more再來一個(gè)；C. my pleasure不用謝；D. thank you謝謝你。對(duì)為自己做了事情的人要說的應(yīng)該是表示感謝的話。故選D項(xiàng)。
40．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他們似乎還不夠好。A. cold冷的；B. happy快樂的；幸福的；C. good好的；D. formal正式的。由But可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那位母親認(rèn)為，救命之恩，一句“謝謝（thank you）”也不能很好（good）地表達(dá)出她的感激之情。故選C項(xiàng)。



41．forces 42．with 43．to solve 44．the 45．used 46．carelessly 47．that/which 48．original 49．polluted 50．professor’s

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。與常識(shí)相反的是，許多時(shí)候一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單的主意或技術(shù)改進(jìn)就可以改變歷史的進(jìn)程；許多劃時(shí)代的創(chuàng)造發(fā)明也都是無心之作。
【詳解】1. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：從國(guó)王、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到科學(xué)技術(shù)，許多力量塑造了人類歷史的進(jìn)程。根據(jù)空前的修飾many可知，此處用所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式forces作賓語。故填forces。

2. 考查介詞。句意：僅在過去的150年里，廁所的發(fā)明就挽救了超過10億人的生命，而無數(shù)其他的創(chuàng)新也挽救了數(shù)千萬人的生命。be credited with“歸功于”，為固定短語。故填with。
3. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，這些突破是一心一意解決具體問題的結(jié)果。分析該句成分可知，efforts后通常用不定式作后置定語修飾。故填to solve。
4. 考查冠詞。句意：但許多最重要的拯救生命的發(fā)明都是偶然發(fā)明的。“the+形容詞最高級(jí)”，最高級(jí)前加定冠詞，故填the。
5. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：例如，最常用于汽車窗戶的安全玻璃是在法國(guó)科學(xué)家愛德華·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一個(gè)裝有液體塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上時(shí)發(fā)明的，這個(gè)玻璃瓶不僅能防止玻璃破碎，還能保持原來的形狀。分析該句成分可知，所填詞在此處作后置定語，修飾glass。而且use與glass之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞used。故填used。
6. 考查副詞。句意：例如，最常用于汽車窗戶的安全玻璃是在法國(guó)科學(xué)家愛德華·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一個(gè)裝有液體塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上時(shí)發(fā)明的，這個(gè)玻璃瓶不僅能防止玻璃破碎，還能保持原來的形狀。分析該句成分可知，所填詞在此處修飾動(dòng)詞dropped，作狀語，故用所給形容詞的副詞形式carelessly。故填carelessly。
7. 考查定語從句。句意：例如，最常用于汽車窗戶的安全玻璃是在法國(guó)科學(xué)家愛德華·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一個(gè)裝有液體塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上時(shí)發(fā)明的，這個(gè)玻璃瓶不僅能防止玻璃破碎，還能保持原來的形狀。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是一個(gè)限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為plastic，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故填that/which。
8. 考查形容詞。句意：例如，最常用于汽車窗戶的安全玻璃是在法國(guó)科學(xué)家愛德華·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一個(gè)裝有液體塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上時(shí)發(fā)明的，這個(gè)玻璃瓶不僅能防止玻璃破碎，還能保持原來的形狀。分析該句成分可知，所填詞在此處作shape的定語，故用所給名詞的形容詞形式original。故填original。
9. 考查詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：與此同時(shí)，蘇格蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素是因?yàn)閬啔v山大·弗萊明不小心污染了他正在研究的一盤細(xì)菌。根據(jù)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及常識(shí)可知，該句敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事，故用所給動(dòng)詞的過去式。故填polluted。
10. 考查名詞所有格。句意：X射線是一位德國(guó)物理學(xué)教授用陰極射線管進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的副產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)句意可知，experiments與professor之間存在所屬關(guān)系，故此處用所給名詞的所有格形式。故填professor’s。
51．1. telling→told??2. late→later??3. our→my??4. why→what??5. 刪除about??6. 在marathon前加a??7. effect→affect??8. find→finding??9. or→and??10. care→cares
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。作者學(xué)中文已經(jīng)27年，卻依舊在為之努力，掌握流利的中文是一場(chǎng)馬拉松，對(duì)于作者來說，流利的中文意味著能閱讀或理解報(bào)紙、雜志和參與日常對(duì)話。
【詳解】1.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我開始學(xué)習(xí)中文時(shí)，有人告訴我要花10年的時(shí)間才能說得流利。動(dòng)詞tell與邏輯主語I之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故將telling改為told。
2.考查副詞。句意：然而，27年過去了，我仍在為之努力。“27年后”表達(dá)為27 years later，此處應(yīng)用副詞later，意為“其后”，作狀語。故將late改為later。
3.考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：由于我在電視上的工作，一些漢語學(xué)習(xí)者可能會(huì)認(rèn)為我的漢語很好。根據(jù)后半句中my Chinese is very good可推知，前半句中，是作者在電視臺(tái)工作，應(yīng)用物主代詞my。故將our改為my。
4.考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：但每天我都在提醒自己還有很多東西我不知道，還有很多東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。of后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)從句。故將why改為what。
5.考查介詞。句意：但每天我都在提醒自己還有很多東西我不知道，還有很多東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。learn為及物動(dòng)詞，不用接介詞，故刪除about。
6.考查冠詞。句意：掌握流利的中文是一場(chǎng)馬拉松，很多事情可能會(huì)影響到你需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，從你上的課，到找到一個(gè)好老師。marathon為可數(shù)名詞，前應(yīng)用不定冠詞，為泛指，為輔音音素開頭，應(yīng)用a。故在marathon前加a。
7.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：掌握流利的中文是一場(chǎng)馬拉松，很多事情可能會(huì)影響到你需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，從你上的課，到找到一個(gè)好老師。may后接動(dòng)詞原形，應(yīng)用affect，意為“影響”，故將effect改為affect。
8.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：掌握流利的中文是一場(chǎng)馬拉松，很多事情可能會(huì)影響到你需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，從你上的課，到找到一個(gè)好老師。此處為from…to…，to后接動(dòng)名詞，作賓語。故將find改為finding。
9.考查連詞。句意：不同的人對(duì)流利度有不同的看法。我認(rèn)為流利是閱讀和理解報(bào)紙、雜志以及參與日常對(duì)話的能力。read與understand 為并列關(guān)系，后接共同的賓語newspapers, magazines，應(yīng)用and作連詞。故將or改為and。
10.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：誰在乎要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？句子主語為who，此處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故將care改為cares。
52．Dear Mike,
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend an online course, Festivals in China. Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, ranging from their origins to distinct features. I’m sure that you will find the course more than entertaining. To attend it, you have to register at our school’s website. The teachers will get in touch with you in 24 hours.
Wish you good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。要求考生給外國(guó)朋友Mike寫信，推薦這學(xué)期學(xué)校要開設(shè)的“話說中國(guó)節(jié)(Festivals in China)”的線上課程。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
了解到：know→learn
對(duì)…感興趣：be interested in→have an interest in
推薦：recommend→introduce
安排：schedule→arrange
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, ranging from their origins to distinct features.
拓展句：Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, which ranges from their origins to distinct features.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend an online course, Festivals in China.（由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）
【高分句型2】I’m sure that you will find the course more than entertaining.（由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）

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