?高二年級調(diào)研測試
英語
注意事項：
1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。
2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。
3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What is the weather like today?
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
2. How old is the man now?
A. Just 20. B. About 23. C. Nearly 18.
3. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Schoolmates. B. Co-workers. C. Husband and wife.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. At the airport. B. At a wedding. C. In a clothing shop.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Sports. B. Plans. C. Hobbies.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. Which movie will the woman see?
A. Terminator 4. B. The Simpsons. C. Alice in Wonderland.
7. What do we know about the man?
A. He will watch The Simpsons.
B. He met the woman six weeks ago.
C. He loves watching movies with his family.
聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。
8. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the street. B. In the classroom. C. In the office.
9. Why does the woman look upset?
A. She has got stuck in traffic.
B. She missed her English class.
C. She felt that something bad had happened.
10. How does the man feel about the woman's words?
A. Interested. B. Doubtful. C. Certain.
聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。
11. Who will pay for the meal?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. Go Dutch.
12. How much do the speakers plan to tip?
A. $20. B. $9. C. $15.
13. What do the speakers think of this meal?
A. Just so-s0. B. Very satisfactory. C. Quite disappointing.
聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。
14. How does the man sound at first?
A. Nervous. B. Confident. C. Surprised.
15. How long did the man work as a deliveryman?
A. Half a year. B. A year. C. Two years.
16. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman likes to eat pizza.
B. The man is uninterested in his major.
C. The woman will be the man's leader.
17. What are the speakers doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Talking about how to find a job.
C. Discussing their work experience.
聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。
18. How many drivers can find places to park their cars in a medium-sized city?
A. Around 100,000. B. Around 50,000. C. Around 15,000.
19. What is the purpose of the “Park & Ride” system?
A. To encourage people to use public transport.
B. To build more parking areas in the city center.
C. To charge lower parking fees in the city center.
20. What is the talk mainly about?
A. How to deal with traffic jams in China.
B. How to solve the parking problem in China.
C. How to limit the number of private car licenses in China.
第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
The Bay Area Science Festival is back! Going into its 11th year, the festival is offering a great mix of both in-person and virtual events for the curious of all ages. It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires, the festival has been moved to the spring this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21 — in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22 — and run through April 30. Here are a few recommendations related to environmental science.
Changing Shorelines
April 25, 2022, 6 p.m. — 7 p.m.
This in-person tour and walk through the history of south San Francisco’s shoreline will be an exploration of how both climate change and sea-level rise have affected the shifts in our shorelines—and you'll learn about ways to protect them.
Wildfire from Space
April 26, 2022, 7 p.m. — 8 p.m.
Our very own KQED event, hosted by Robert Simmons from Planet Labs, offers virtual and in-person opportunities to learn about wildfires through satellite imagery. See wildfires from space and learn how the latest satellite technology helps agencies and communities manage emergency response during burns.
Virtual Tour of Recology
April 27, 2022, 1 p.m. — 2 p.m.
What happens to the items you place in your roadside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.
Greywater and Wetlands
April 30, 2022, 2 p.m. — 4 p.m.
This in-person tour of the EcoCenter will explore environmental justice themes through the history of the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. You’ll learn how a shipping terminal became a restored wetland habitat. Plus, you'll have a chance to transplant the native salt grass that helps restore wetlands and provides habitat for migrating birds.
1. Which of the following is a suitable time for people to attend the Science Festival?
A. On April 20. B. On May 21.
C. On April 22. D. On May 30.
2. If you are interested in the recycling of household waste, which event is the best choice?
A. Wildfire from Space. B. Virtual Tour of Recology.
C. Changing Shorelines. D. Greywater and Wetlands.
3. What do the four events at the festival have in common?
A. They are held in the fall this year. B. They are designed for all teenagers.
C. They are both online and offline activities. D. Environmental science is a common theme.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹灣區(qū)科學(xué)節(jié)上的幾個與環(huán)境科學(xué)有關(guān)的活動推薦。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires, the festival has been moved to the spring this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21—in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22—and run through April 30.”(之前的慶?；顒邮窃谇锾炫e行的，但由于當(dāng)?shù)氐纳执蠡?，今年的慶祝活動被推遲到了春季，并將于4月21日(星期四)開始，以及慶祝4月22日(星期五)的地球日，一直持續(xù)到4月30日。)可知，科學(xué)節(jié)從4月21日開始，一直持續(xù)到4月30日。所以4月22日適合人們參加科學(xué)節(jié)。故選C。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Virtual Tour of Recology部分“What happens to the items you place in your roadside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.”(你放在路邊垃圾桶里的東西怎么辦？這個虛擬活動將幫助你了解再生學(xué)的歷史，回收所有這些東西需要什么，以及你可以做什么來創(chuàng)造有影響力的改變。)可知，對循環(huán)再造家居廢物有興趣的人，可以參加這個活動。故選B。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Here are a few recommendations related to environmental science.”(這里有一些與環(huán)境科學(xué)有關(guān)的推薦。)可知，這4個活動的共同特點是他們的主題都是環(huán)境科學(xué)。故選D。
B
As the fifth of seven children, I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews with teachers. And every child participated in an old school tradition — the annual plant sale held in early May, just timely for Mother’s Day. What was different was the child.
Third grade was the first time I was allowed to join in the plant sale. Originally, I wanted to surprise my mother. For lack of enough money, I went to my eldest sister and shared my thought, after which she supported me financially. When arriving at the plant sale, I carefully made my selection, inspecting each plant for the best geranium (天竺葵) and taking it home in secret. When Mother’s Day arrived, I remember how proud and delighted my mother was to receive the special gift.
The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that a plant sale was to be held at school. As my elder sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived home full of nervous excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag under her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the best one!”
When she gave my mother the geranium, they were both bursting with pride and delight. My mother also noticed me and gave me a soft, secret smile. With a tug at my heart, I smiled back. I had been wondering how my mother could pretend to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child, but as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was presented with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.
4. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Our siblings were from different schools.
B Mother repeatedly went for similar interviews.
C. The annual plant sale was intended for recreation.
D. The old school tradition was held every other year.
5. Why did my mother give me a soft, secret smile?
A. Because she didn’t like the gift at all.
B. Because she was pretending to be happy.
C. Because she knew I gave money to my sister.
D. Because she didn’t want me to let out the secret.
6. Which of the following best describes the author?
A. Reliable. B. Considerate.
C. Honest D. Frank.
7. What’s the suitable title for this passage?
A. Secret smile B. Mother’s Day
C. Geranium of love D. Annual plant sale
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和妹妹不約而同準(zhǔn)備了天竺葵送給媽媽作為母親節(jié)禮物的暖心故事。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews with teachers.(每年我媽媽都會去參加同一個儀式，和老師進(jìn)行親子訪談)”可知，每年媽媽都會去參加相似的親子訪談。故選B。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“When she gave my mother the geranium, they were both bursting with pride and delight. My mother also noticed me and gave me a soft, secret smile.(當(dāng)她把天竺葵送給母親時，她們倆都洋溢著驕傲和喜悅。我的母親也注意到了我，給了我一個溫柔的、秘密的微笑)”可推斷，作者的媽媽希望作者保守秘密，讓作者的妹妹覺得自己選的禮物是獨一無二的。故選D。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Third grade was the first time I was allowed to join in the plant sale. Originally, I wanted to surprise my mother.(三年級是我第一次被允許參加工廠銷售。本來，我想給我媽媽一個驚喜)”以及最后一段“I had been wondering how my mother could pretend to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child, but as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was presented with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.(我一直在想，我的母親如何能假裝對她第六個孩子送給她的禮物感到驚訝，但當(dāng)我看到她得到這份最珍貴的禮物時，她的眼睛里閃爍著喜悅的光芒，我知道她不是在假裝)”可推斷，作者是一個很體貼、善解人意的孩子。故選B。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了作者和妹妹不約而同準(zhǔn)備了天竺葵送給媽媽作為母親節(jié)禮物的暖心故事。整篇文章，天竺葵貫穿前后，代表了作者和妹妹對媽媽的愛，也寓意了媽媽對子女的愛護(hù)。由此可知，“Geranium of love(愛的天竺葵)”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
C
Campaigns to protect the natural world are getting increasingly ambitious. But although there is convincing evidence that protected areas prevent habitat loss, proof that they actually benefit wildlife is surprisingly scanty. Now, the first large study of its kind shows nature reserves can increase waterbird populations, but typically only if humans take an active role in their management.
To understand the impact of nature reserves, conservation scientist Hannah Wauchope decided to analyze populations of waterbird species. First, the team identified 1506 protected areas that had population data from both before and after they were created. Then, they paired each reserve with one or more control sites — a similar patch of nearby habitat — that was unprotected. This setup helped the researchers understand how the protected area influenced bird populations.
The researchers had hoped the analysis would clearly show protected areas benefit birds. However, only 27% of waterbird populations in protected areas increased after the creation of the reserve while 21% of populations were negatively impacted, compared with the control sites, after a reserve was established. A silver lining is that nearly half the studied groups neither grew nor shrank: At least those populations were stable.
To figure out what was responsible for the population gains and losses, the team analyzed multiple factors, of which the most important was whether the site was specifically managed for waterbirds. That could mean keeping rivers and lakes at the right levels for the protected species, removing invasive weeds, or installing fencing to keep out invasive predators.
“The modest success of these protected areas makes sense.” says Paul Ferraro, an environmental economist. In many policy contexts, he notes, most interventions work no better than the status quo. However, the new study’s mixed results are what good science actually looks like and we need more studies like this one.
8. What does the underlined word “scanty” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. Believable. B. Solid. C. Insufficient. D. Conflicting.
9. What can we know about nature reserves from paragraph 3?
A. Nearly half of the waterbird populations are in a stable state.
B. A majority of the waterbird populations were negatively affected.
C Nature reserves increased the waterbird populations as expected.
D. Protected areas make much difference to the waterbird populations.
10. Which of the following is the leading cause of the failure of nature reserves?
A. Small size. B. Human activities.
C. Invasive weeds. D. Ineffective management.
11. Why are the environmental economist’s words quoted?
A. To emphasize the value of the study. B. To show the drawbacks of intervention.
C. To indicate the difficulty of more studies. D. To express satisfaction about the status quo.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)和人類的干預(yù)對野生動物的影響。
【8題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“But although there is convincing evidence that protected areas prevent habitat loss, proof that they actually benefit wildlife is surprisingly scanty.”(但是，盡管有令人信服的證據(jù)表明，保護(hù)區(qū)可以防止棲息地的喪失，但是能證明保護(hù)區(qū)實際上有益于野生動物的證據(jù)卻驚人地scanty。)可知，scanty是形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，2個小分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，上文提到“有令人信服的證據(jù)”，下文就應(yīng)該是“能證明保護(hù)區(qū)實際上有益于野生動物的證據(jù)是不足的”，這樣上下文才能構(gòu)成對比和轉(zhuǎn)折，所以scanty的意思應(yīng)該是“不足的”，和選項C意思一致。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“A silver lining is that nearly half the studied groups neither grew nor shrank: At least those populations were stable.”(值得慶幸的是，幾乎一半的研究群體既沒有增長也沒有減少：至少這些群體是穩(wěn)定的。)可知，幾乎一半的水鳥數(shù)量是處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的。故選A。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“To figure out what was responsible for the population gains and losses, the team analyzed multiple factors, of which the most important was whether the site was specifically managed for waterbirds.”(為了弄清楚是什么導(dǎo)致了這些鳥的數(shù)量的增加和減少，研究小組分析了多種因素，其中最重要的是這個地方是否是專門為水鳥管理的。)可知，管理是決定鳥類數(shù)量的最重要因素，所以如果一個自然保護(hù)區(qū)失敗了，那么，最重要的原因應(yīng)該是管理不善。故選D。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““The modest success of these protected areas makes sense.” says Paul Ferraro, an environmental economist.”(“這些保護(hù)區(qū)的適度成功是有意義的。”環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅·費拉羅說。)可知，作者引用環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅·費拉羅的話，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的價值。故選A。
D
Welcome to the anti-climax, the often-experienced but seldom-discussed downside of achieving life’s milestones. In psychology, the belief that achieving our goal will bring us a lasting feeling of happiness is called “arrival fallacy”, which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.
It’s a feeling that’s all too familiar for Katie Ford, a veterinary surgeon. To gain an extra qualification, she put in countless hours of study and made lots of sacrifices along the way, but now instead of celebration and pride, she feels emptiness and confusion, which have the potential to develop symptoms of depression and low mood.
If you find yourself in a similar situation or you suspect working towards your milestones may be a letdown when you reach the finish line, there are steps to help get rid of anti-climax. First, instead of rushing for it to be done, slow down to enjoy the doing, and remember that lots of things in our lives are never truly done, but constantly evolve just like we do. Another vital step is acknowledging the small wins. We have lots of stepping stones to a big goal to pause on, so celebrate how far you’ve come from the first one, and look forward to the many stones in front. Third, anticipating anti-climaxes in the lead up to big milestones can also lessen their impact. Anti-climaxes are just as common as post-holiday blues, so we’d better normalize them.
Rather than downplaying your milestones or moving straight to the next, mindfully cherish the moment, recognize your progress and reward yourself positively. That way, you won’t fall into the fallacy of having “made it”. Instead, you’ll see that you are happily “making it” along the journey that is an entire lifetime.
12. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The belief. B. Achieving our goal.
C. Arrival fallacy. D. A feeling of happiness.
13. Why does the author cite the example of Katie Ford?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make a prediction.
14. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Whether you fall victim to anti-climax.
B. Whether you empathize with Katie Ford.
C. How you can protect yourself from anti-climax.
D. How you can identify the symptoms of anti-climax.
15. What’s the purpose of this article?
A. To help us how to deal with anti-climax.
B. To set readers thinking about anti-climax.
C. To remind us of the danger of anti-climax.
D. To discuss the necessity of preventing anti-climax.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要告訴人們在反高潮、感到空虛時應(yīng)該如何面對和解決。
【12題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“In psychology, the belief that achieving our goal will bring us a lasting feeling of happiness is called “arrival fallacy”, which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.”(在心理學(xué)中，相信實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)會帶給我們持久的幸福感，這種信念被稱為“到達(dá)謬誤”，它在隨之而來的空虛感中扮演了重要角色。)分析可知，it指代上文提到的“實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”。which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是arrival fallacy，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾the feelings,可以翻譯為：到達(dá)謬誤在跟隨實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而來的空虛感中扮演了重要角色。故選B。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It’s a feeling that’s all too familiar for Katie Ford, a veterinary surgeon. To gain an extra qualification, she put in countless hours of study and made lots of sacrifices along the way, but now instead of celebration and pride, she feels emptiness and confusion, which have the potential to develop symptoms of depression and low mood.”(這種感覺對 Katie Ford 來說再熟悉不過了，她是個獸醫(yī)。為了獲得一個額外的資格證書，她投入了無數(shù)個小時的學(xué)習(xí)，一路上做出了很多犧牲，但現(xiàn)在，她感到的不是慶祝和驕傲，而是空虛和困惑，這有可能導(dǎo)致抑郁和反高潮的癥狀。)可知，這一段以Katie Ford為例，是為了進(jìn)一步闡明第一段提到的“到達(dá)謬誤”這一概念。故選B。
【14題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“If you find yourself in a similar situation or you suspect working towards your milestones may be a letdown when you reach the finish line, there are steps to help get rid of anti-climax. First, instead of rushing for it to be done, slow down to enjoy the doing, and remember that lots of things in our lives are never truly done, but constantly evolve just like we do. Another vital step is acknowledging the small wins. We have lots of stepping stones to a big goal to pause on, so celebrate how far you’ve come from the first one, and look forward to the many stones in front. Third, anticipating anti-climaxes in the lead up to big milestones can also lessen their impact. Anti-climaxes are just as common as post-holiday blues, so we’d better normalize them.”(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于類似的情況，或者你懷疑朝著里程碑前進(jìn)的過程可能會讓你在到達(dá)終點時感到失望，這里有一些步驟可以幫助你擺脫反高潮。首先，與其急著去做，不如慢下來享受做這件事的過程。記住，我們生活中的很多事情從來沒有真正完成過，而是像我們一樣不斷進(jìn)化。另一個重要的步驟是承認(rèn)小的勝利。我們有很多通向大目標(biāo)的墊腳石，可以停下來，所以慶祝你從第一個目標(biāo)走了多遠(yuǎn)，并期待前面的許多墊腳石。第三，在重要的里程碑之前預(yù)估反高潮也可以減少它們的影響。反高潮和節(jié)后抑郁一樣普遍，所以我們最好把它們常態(tài)化)可知，這一段主要介紹如何保護(hù)自己免受反高潮的影響。故選C。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Rather than downplaying your milestones or moving straight to the next, mindfully cherish the moment, recognize your progress and reward yourself positively. That way, you won’t fall into the fallacy of having “made it”. Instead, you’ll see that you are happily “making it” along the journey that is an entire lifetime.”(與其淡化你的里程碑或者直接進(jìn)入下一個階段，不如謹(jǐn)慎地珍惜當(dāng)下，認(rèn)識到你的進(jìn)步并且積極地獎勵自己。這樣，你就不會陷入“成功”的謬論。相反，你會看到自己在一生的旅程中快樂地“成功”。)可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了幫助我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q反高潮。故選A。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項，
When heading to bed, people often do some things to promote sleep, such as drinking a cup of warm milk. ___16___ The answer is varied.
"One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger," said psychologist Michael. ___17___
On the molecular level, the tryptophan (色氨酸) in milk has properties which can promote sleeping. ___18___ Our bodies use the tryptophan from food, along with other things, to produce the brain chemical serotonin, which is transformed into melatonin, a hormone that helps you sleep.
___19___ That's because the body transforms it into hormones that enhance sleep. But in reality, it would take a lot of tryptophan to make a person feel sleepy. Even if a person drinks that much milk, it's unclear whether the high amount of tryptophan would be enough to make him or her feel sleepy. Milk, after all, contains many other materials that compete to enter our brain through the blood. Thus, the sleep-promoting effect of milk is limited.
As for the temperature of the milk, there aren't any studies that suggest milk has to be warm for any of its psychological or physical effects to kick in. ___20___ It can in turn help to relax the body.
A. The calming association may help to lower pre-sleep anxiety.
B. In theory, taking food rich in tryptophan can make us feel sleepy.
C. The body needs the tryptophan in the milk to calm ourselves down.
D. Can the temperature of the milk accelerate the speed of our sleeping?
E. The body cannot produce tryptophan, so people must get it from the diet.
F. But the warmth of the milk may help raise our internal body temperatures.
G. But is there any scientific evidence that drinking warm milk will make you sleepy?
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要對睡前喝熱牛奶是否對睡眠有用進(jìn)行了解釋。文章指出，熱牛奶之所以對你睡眠有助一方面是因為它讓你想起曾經(jīng)給你熱牛奶的人，這有一定緩解焦慮的作用；另一方面是因為熱牛奶里的色氨酸也有促進(jìn)睡眠的作用，但是實際情況來看，可能其效果有限。除此以外，牛奶的溫度從某種程度上也能讓你放松，從而睡個好覺。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“The answer is varied.(這個答案是多種多樣的。)”以及““One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger," said psychologist Michael.(心理學(xué)家邁克爾說:“熱牛奶讓人昏昏欲睡的一個原因是，它會讓你想起那個在你年輕時好心給你熱牛奶的人?！?”和“On the molecular level, the tryptophan（色氨酸）in milk has properties which can promote sleeping.(在分子水平上，色氨酸具有促進(jìn)睡眠的特性。)”可知，后文是對選項所提出的一個問題進(jìn)行回答，該問題跟后文所提到的內(nèi)容相關(guān)，故選項應(yīng)為一個疑問句。選項G中的“scientific evidence”對應(yīng)后文中的“On the molecular level”，而選項中的make you sleepy在后文又被提到，兩者互相照應(yīng)。故選G項。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“'One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger,' said psychologist Michael.(心理學(xué)家邁克爾說:“熱牛奶讓人昏昏欲睡的一個原因是，它會讓你想起那個在你年輕時好心給你熱牛奶的人?！?”可知，熱牛奶讓人想起曾經(jīng)給自己溫暖的人，使人內(nèi)心感動，這種聯(lián)系能減緩睡前焦慮。選項A中的“The calming association”對應(yīng)前文的提到的“想起那個在你年輕時好心給你熱牛奶的人”，這會產(chǎn)生令人鎮(zhèn)靜的作用，因此推斷A項“這種鎮(zhèn)靜的聯(lián)系可能有助于降低睡前焦慮?！狈险Z境。故選A項。
18題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“Our bodies use the tryptophan from food, along with other things, to produce the brain chemical serotonin, which is transformed into melatonin, a hormone that helps you sleep.(我們身體利用食物中的色氨酸和其他物質(zhì)來產(chǎn)生大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)血清素。血清素被轉(zhuǎn)化為褪黑激素，這種激素有助于睡眠。) ”可知，色氨酸是從食物以及其他物質(zhì)中獲取的，我們身體本身不具有色氨酸。故E選項中的“get it from the diet”對應(yīng)“use the tryptophan from food, along with other things”。因此推斷E項“人體不能產(chǎn)生色氨酸，所以人們必須從飲食中獲取色氨酸?！狈险Z境。故選E項。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“That's because the body transforms it into hormones that enhance sleep. But in reality, it would take a lot of tryptophan to make a person feel sleepy.(這是因為身體將其轉(zhuǎn)化為增強(qiáng)睡眠的激素。但事實上，需要大量的色氨酸才能讓人感到困倦。)”可知，本段從理論和實際兩個方面去論述到底色氨酸是否具有助眠的作用。選項B中的“In theory”與后文的“But in reality”相對應(yīng)。因此推斷B項“從理論上講，食用富含色氨酸的食物會讓我們感到困倦?！狈险Z境。故選B項。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“As for the temperature of the milk, there aren't any studies that suggest milk has to be warm for any of its psychological or physical effects to kick in.( 至于牛奶的溫度，沒有任何研究表明牛奶必須是熱的才能發(fā)揮其心理或生理作用。)”以及后文“It can in turn help to relax the body.(這反過來有助于放松身體。)”可知，本段講述的是牛奶的溫度可能也是一個影響助眠效果的因素。選項F中的“the warmth of the milk”對應(yīng)前文的“the temperature of the milk”以及選項中的“raise our internal body temperatures”對應(yīng)后文的“it”，故選項F“但牛奶的溫度可能有助于提高我們體內(nèi)的溫度。”符合語境，具有承上啟下的作用。故選F項。
第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Life Rolls On
I was about nine the first time I got on a board. When I was twelve, I began to compete in surfing, ___21___ number one in Pacific Surf Series. Fortune favored me ___22___ ever since.
Then came the day ___23___ my life changed. As I surfed, the wave ___24___ me in my back so fast that I had no time to respond. My whole body went numb — unable to ___25___. Unsurprisingly, I was diagnosed paralyzed (癱瘓的).
Bad as it was, I felt proud of myself by ___26___ the will to live. Instead of being afraid, I realized how ___27___ I had been the first seventeen years of my life, feeling blessed by God.
That fall, I returned to school and ended up ___28___ on time. Shortly after that, I was even ___29___ by a University where I lived my life to the fullest from going out on water-skiing to playing wheelchair tennis. The _____30_____ of my life came nearly four years after the accident. I ultimately got back in the _____31_____ that I had missed so much — on a surfboard. Despite the challenges, I _____32_____ my abilities, so I make my own path, my own decisions.
I know I’ll never realize my dream of being the world’s _____33_____ surfer, but I still have so many else to _____34_____. Life rolls on, _____35_____ continue to roll on and I’m rolling in and surfing right along with it all.
21. A. attaining B. gaining C. ranking D. defeating
22. A. concisely B. incredibly C. solely D. randomly
23. A. when B. which C. after D. since
24. A. hugged B. swallowed C. dragged D. hit
25. A. say B. run C. jump D. move
26. A. abandoning B. maintaining C. suspecting D. testing
27. A. confused B. disappointed C. fortunate D. excited
28. A. recovering B. training C. surfing D. graduating
29. A. admitted B. rejected C. praised D. hired
30. A. highlight B. crossroad C. twilight D. passion
31. A. club B. school C. water D. pool
32. A. trust B. doubt C. change D. lose
33. A. privileged B. professional C. diligent D. amateur
34. A. do B. achieve C. attend D. finish
35. A. competitions B. tasks C. journeys D. waves
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者美好的生活發(fā)生改變后，依然樂觀和積極向上，不斷地挑戰(zhàn)自我。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：十二歲時，我開始參加沖浪比賽，在太平洋沖浪系列賽中名列第一。A. attaining實現(xiàn)；B. gaining獲得；C. ranking排列；D. defeating打敗。根據(jù)“When I was twelve, I began to compete in surfing,”可知，作者在沖浪比賽中排名第一。固定搭配“rank number one”意為“位列第一”。故選C。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：從那以后，命運就一直非常地眷顧著我。A. concisely簡明地；B. incredibly非常地；C. solely單獨地；D. randomly隨便地。根據(jù)“ever since.”可知，從作者拿第一名之后，命運就非常地眷顧著作者。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：直到有一天，我的生活改變了。A. when什么時候；B. which哪一個；C. after后來；D. since自......以后。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為定語從句，先行詞為the day，在定語從句中作時間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我沖浪時，海浪很快地打在我的背上，我沒有時間做出反應(yīng)。A. hugged擁抱；B. swallowed吞下；C. dragged拖；D. hit打。根據(jù)“As I surfed”可知，作者沖浪時，海浪迅速地打在作者的背上。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的整個身體變得麻木——無法移動。A. say說；B. run跑；C. jump跳；D. move移動。根據(jù)“My whole body went numb”可知，作者因為整個身體變得麻木而無法移動。故選D。
26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管情況很糟糕，但我為自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。A. abandoning拋棄；B. maintaining保持；C. suspecting懷疑；D. testing測試。根據(jù)“Bad as it was, I felt proud of myself”可知，作者為自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。故選B。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有害怕，我意識到我生命的前17年是多么幸運，感覺得到上帝的祝福。 A. confused困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. fortunate幸運的；D. excited激動的。根據(jù)“Fortune favored me ___2___ ever since.”可知，作者感覺自己很幸運。故選C。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那年秋天，我回到學(xué)校，終于按時畢業(yè)了。A. recovering恢復(fù)；B. training訓(xùn)練；C. surfing瀏覽；D. graduating畢業(yè)。根據(jù)“Unsurprisingly, I was diagnosed paralyzed (癱瘓的).”和“That fall, I returned to school”可知，作者雖然癱瘓，但仍然按時畢業(yè)。故選D。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后不久，我甚至被一所大學(xué)錄取，在那里我盡情地享受著從滑水到輪椅網(wǎng)球的生活。A. admitted錄?。籅. rejected拒絕；C. praised贊揚；D. hired雇傭。根據(jù)“by a University”可知，作者被一所大學(xué)錄取。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我生命中最精彩的時刻出現(xiàn)在事故發(fā)生近四年后。A. highlight精彩部分；B. crossroad十字路口；C. twilight黃昏；D. passion激情。根據(jù)“Shortly after that, I was even ___9___ by a University where I lived my life to the fullest from going out on water-skiing to playing wheelchair tennis.”可知，作者認(rèn)為生命中最精彩的時刻出現(xiàn)在自己受傷后的近四年。故選A。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最終回到了我想念了很久的水里——回到了沖浪板上。A. club俱樂部；B. school學(xué)校；C. water水；D. pool游泳池。根據(jù)“on a surfboard.”和常識可知，沖浪是在水里。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管面臨挑戰(zhàn)，但我相信自己的能力，所以我走自己的路，做自己的決定。A. trust信任；B. doubt懷疑；C. change改變；D. lose失去。根據(jù)“so I make my own path, my own decisions.”可知，作者相信自己的能力。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我永遠(yuǎn)不會實現(xiàn)成為世界職業(yè)沖浪運動員的夢想，但我還有很多事情要實現(xiàn)。A. privileged有特權(quán)的；B. professional專業(yè)的；C. diligent勤奮的；D. amateur業(yè)余的。根據(jù)“but I still have so many else to ___14___ .”和上文可知，因為作者受過傷，所以不會成為世界職業(yè)沖浪運動員。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我永遠(yuǎn)不會實現(xiàn)成為世界職業(yè)沖浪運動員的夢想，但我還有很多事情要實現(xiàn)。A. do做；B. achieve獲得；C. attend參加；D. finish完成。根據(jù)“I know I’ll never realize my dream of being the world’s ___13___ surfer,”可知，作者雖然知道自己不會實現(xiàn)成為世界職業(yè)沖浪運動員的夢想，但認(rèn)為自己還有很多事情要實現(xiàn)。故選B。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生活還在繼續(xù)，海浪還在繼續(xù)，我也在繼續(xù)，和它一起沖浪。A. competitions競爭；B. tasks任務(wù)；C. journeys旅行；D. waves波浪。根據(jù)“roll on and I’m rolling in and surfing right along with it all.”可知，作者會繼續(xù)沖浪。故選D。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese seals are symbolic of identity, status and culture. With roots ___36___ (date) back thousands of years, they are more than just a unique motif (圖案).
A Chinese seal (yìn zhāng) is a seal or stamp ___37___ (use) to mark important documents, or any other item that requires a signature. ___38___ (typical), the seals are made of stone, but they can also be made of wood, bamboo, etc. When the seals are used, they ___39___ (dip) in either red ink or cinnabar (朱砂) paste.
It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties that the seals were widely used, due to the ___40___ (expand) of the arts. Artists used a stylized seal carving of their names ___41___ (mark) the ownership of their works. Individuals also used a personalized stamp ___42___ important documents.
Engravings (雕刻) on the seal face can follow several calligraphy styles, ___43___ master engravers spared no effort to develop. Today, seals are still used widely throughout China for marking important documents. Seals are often accompanied by hand signatures as a ___44___ (much) secure form of identification than just one type.
Nowadays, along with calligraphy, painting and wax printing, seal carving is considered ____45____ traditional Chinese art.
【答案】36. dating
37. used 38. Typically
39. are dipped
40. expansion
41. to mark
42. for 43. which
44. more 45. a
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹中國印章的發(fā)展歷史和特征。
【36題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：它們的根源可以追溯到幾千年前，它們不僅僅是一個獨特的圖案。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞date和被修飾的名詞roots是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動，作賓補。故填dating。
【37題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國印章是用于標(biāo)記重要文件或其他需要簽名的物品的印章或郵票。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞use和被修飾的名詞短語a seal or stamp是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，表示被動，做后置定語。故填used。
【38題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：典型的來說，印章是石頭做的，但它們也可以用木材，竹子等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要副詞做狀語，修飾整個句子。故填Typically。
【39題詳解】
考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)印章被使用時，他們會被浸在紅墨水或朱砂糊里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，主語they和謂語動詞dip是被動關(guān)系，這里考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是they，be動詞用are。故填are dipped。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：直到明清時期，由于藝術(shù)的發(fā)展，印章才被廣泛使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里考查名詞，作賓語。故填expansion。
【41題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：藝術(shù)家用風(fēng)格化的印章雕刻他們的名字來標(biāo)記他們作品的所有權(quán)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里考查動詞不定式短語做目的狀語。故填to mark。
【42題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：個人也因為重要文件使用個性化的印章。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里考查介詞，表示“為了”的意思。故填for。
【43題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：印面雕刻可以遵循多種書法風(fēng)格，雕刻大師不遺余力地發(fā)展這些風(fēng)格。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，___8___ master engravers spared no effort to develop是非限制性定語從句，先行詞calligraphy styles在從句中作賓語，指物。故填which。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級。句意：印章通常附有手寫簽名，作為一種比單一類型更安全的識別形式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，后面有than just one type，是比較對象，所以這里考查形容詞的比較級。故填more。
【45題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：如今，篆刻和書法、繪畫、蠟印一樣，被認(rèn)為是中國的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，art是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前面需要限定詞修飾，表示泛指，“一”的意思，所以用不定冠詞，空格后的traditional第一個音素是輔音音素，所以用a。故填a。
第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
46. 請你以學(xué)生會的名義，以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”為主題寫一份倡議書，向全校同學(xué)發(fā)起倡議，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 承擔(dān)責(zé)任的必要性；
2. 如何承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任；
3. 發(fā)起倡議。
1. 寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities. Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us. But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family. We should take care of our parents as they do it for us. We can do some cleaning, wash the clothes, or make some food. Only after we do these things can we realize the hardship and love from our parents.
Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
The Students Union
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。要求考生以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”為主題寫一份倡議書，向全校同學(xué)發(fā)起倡議，要學(xué)會承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
變成：grow into→turn into
照顧：take care of→care for
意識到：realize→understand
采取行動：take action→take measures
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
拓展句：Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities, which is what we teenagers should learn to do.
【點睛】[高分句型1]As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities.（由As引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句）
[高分句型2]Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.（由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）
[高分句型3]But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family.（由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I always remember the quote, “when you are facing a challenge, no matter how hard it is, just bite the bullet, and you will get it over”, which was passed down from my great grandmother in my family.
During my first year of middle school, I left my parents to live with my grandparents who were in another city. I can still remember the day when my mother's eyes turned red when I was about to enter the airport. Father tried to hug me but I refused, because I wanted them to know that I was mature enough to handle this myself. Soon, I regretted my decision.
Although it was early in the morning, the airport seemed to be already filled with people. After I settled down, I still had some time left. I tried to read a book that I thought was interesting; however, no matter how hard I tried, I could not focus my attention on the book. As I looked around, there were children about my age with their parents. I seemed to be the only kid sitting on the chair alone. It was only 40 minutes before I entered the plane, but I felt I had sat there alone for years when I heard the flight attendant announced that we could board the plane. I had several experiences of taking a plane before, and I thought I could get it over with ease. But I was wrong.
Sitting beside me was a middle-aged man, who looked like a businessman. After the plane took off, looking at the clouds outside the window, I started to think about the things that happened in the morning, my dad’s voice, my mom's red eyes. I felt my eyes stinging, and when I rubbed them, a warm liquid washed my fingers-tears.
注意：
1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Then came a clear and gentle voice, “First time travelling alone?”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Encouraged and relieved, I decided to enjoy the rest of the journey.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Then came a clear and gentle voice, “First time travelling alone?” I looked up, trying not to let my voice break, “Yes, sir”. The businessman leaned towards me, patted me gently on my shoulder and patiently shared his first travelling experience with me. Teenager as he was, confused and alarmed just like me, he managed it eventually. His warm smile flooded my heart, making me somehow forget about the unpleasant feeling.
Encouraged and relieved, I decided to enjoy the rest of the journey. So we kept talking happily throughout the whole flight until our conversation was interrupted by the announcement of the flight attendant, which reminded us that the plane was about to land. On going out of the plane, I was welcomed by my grandparents’ warm smiles and high praise. I suddenly realized the meaning of the quote passed down in my family and this precious quote always jumps into my head every time I have a new challenge.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者第一次乘坐飛機(jī)的經(jīng)歷，多虧了陌生人的陪伴和鼓勵，作者才成功做到了，也最終明白了“當(dāng)你面臨挑戰(zhàn)的時候，不管有多困難，只要咬緊牙關(guān)，你就會克服它”。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“這時傳來一個清晰而溫柔的聲音：‘第一次獨自旅行？’”以及第二段首句“受到鼓舞和寬慰后，我決定享受余下的旅程?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懩吧耸侨绾喂奈韬徒o作者帶來寬慰。
②由第二段首句“受到鼓舞和寬慰后，我決定享受余下的旅程。”可知，第二段可描寫作者如何度過接下來的時光并回到本文第一段的主題“當(dāng)你面臨挑戰(zhàn)的時候，不管有多困難，只要咬緊牙關(guān)，你就會克服它”。
2.續(xù)寫線索：決定一個人坐飛機(jī)——情緒低落——遇到陌生人——陌生人鼓勵作者——開始享受旅程
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①抬頭：look up/raise one’s head
②充滿：flood/fill
情緒類
①困惑的：confused/bewildered
②不開心：unpleasant/unhappy
【點睛】【高分句型1】Teenager as he was, confused and alarmed just like me, he managed it eventually.（運用了as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，且構(gòu)成倒裝）
【高分句型2】So we kept talking happily throughout the whole flight until our conversation was interrupted by the announcement of the flight attendant, which reminded us that the plane was about to land.（運用了until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句、which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）


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