?2022屆四川省瀘州市瀘縣第二中學(xué)教育集團(tuán)高考仿真考試（四）英語(yǔ)試題
學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________

一、閱讀理解
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
? Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.
? Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
? Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.
? Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
? Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential.
? Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
1．What can we learn about the two programs?
A．All the learning activities take place online.
B．They are required procedures for college application.
C．They challenge the students with college-level courses.
D．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.2．According to this passage, applicants can ________.
A．start to apply for both programs now
B．pay for the program calendars from today
C．a(chǎn)pply for the programs throughout the year
D．download a mailing list to get helpful updates3．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.
C．To share the college learning experience with readers.
D．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.

The past few years have been difficult for 13-year-old Adeola Abraham. In 2020, the teen was diagnosed with a rare blood disorder, and he survived a successful bone marrow transplant (骨髓移植) and rounds of chemotherapy (化療). Thankfully, Adeola is now out of the hospital. During his recovery, he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community.
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses by meeting their wishes. A wish typically falls into three categories: a wish to have something, go somewhere or meet someone. Abraham’s charitable wish to give came as a surprise to the organization. Linda Sermons, a Make-A-Wish Mississippi representative, said that Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history. She was impressed with the teen’s maturity and sense of sympathy.
Make-A-Wish Mississippi approved of the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service named after the teen, called Abraham’s Table, which would provide free meals to the homeless every month for the next year. Local businesses generously donated food and supplies, and receivers gathered in Jackson’s Poindexter Park for the meals. Abraham and his proud mom personally attended and handed out the food. Abraham’s Table fed more than 80 people at its first event. Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided.
Abraham now wants to inspire other teens to get more involved in local charities. He also wants to continue his mission of helping others by starting his own nonprofit that helps those experiencing food insecurity.
4．What made Abraham a remarkable boy?
A．His exceptional choice for a dream wish. B．His great sufferings from a critical disease.
C．His special qualifications for a dream wish. D．His successful survival from a blood disorder.5．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Eighty people or so benefited from Abraharn’s Table.
B．Abraham’s act of kindness received positive reaction.
C．The organization provided financial help for the homeless.
D．The local businesses were greatly appreciated by the receivers.6．According to the passage, which words can best describe Abraham?
A．Energetic and determined. B．Mature and intelligent.
C．Sympathetic and selfless. D．Generous and cautious.7．Which of the following can best describe the story?
A．Hard work always pays off. B．It’s a blessing to be a giver.
C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Miracles often occur in bad luck.

Tommy, a 26-year-old chimp(猩猩),lives in a small cage in a used truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV. He is worlds away from the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.
His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “l(fā)egal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.
You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't actually have rights in many countries. Animal-welfare laws punish people who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to liberty or anything else.
NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to recognize chimps as legal persons, NhRP's next step will be arguing for what rights the chimps should be granted. "The right that we believe they should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty," says Wise, a NhRP group member. "They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”
Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. "He likes being by himself,"??he says.
“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’”
8．What can we know about Tommy?
A．He is living a very lonely life.
B．He dislikes living in the rainforest.
C．He likes watching movies very much,
D．He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.9．What can we infer from the text?
A．Great progress has been made on improving animal rights.
B．Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by NhRP.
C．Animal rights are going from bad to worse.
D．Animal rights have been admitted in western countries.10．What's the final goal NhRP wants to achieve?
A．To ensure chimps' bodily safety. B．To stop illegal hunting of chimps.
C．To help chimps find their families. D．To help chimps enjoy their freedom.11．What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards NhRP's efforts to win rights for chimps?
A．Hopeful, B．Uncaring.
C．Worried. D．Supportive.

A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year. Now the team behind the robots has improved their design and demonstrated new capabilities.
To create the xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues obtained tissue from 24-hour-old frog embryos after very small physical operation. Where the previous version relied on the contraction of heart muscle cells to move them forward by pushing off surfaces, these new xenobots swim around faster. They also live between three and seven days longer than their previous generation, which only lasted about seven days, and have the ability to sense their surroundings to some extent, turning red when exposed to blue light.
“The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build,” says Levin. “To me, one of the most exciting things here is that they are plastic. This idea that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.”
Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable, says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.
Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons, so it's not an animal,” says Auke ljspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn't involved in the research. “It's really cells, so I find it maybe the cleanest way."
12．How were the new xenobots created?
A．By making use of frog embryos. B．By relying on heart muscle cells.
C．By sensing similar surroundings. D．By exposing them to blue light.13．Which has the similar meaning to the underlined word “plastic” in Paragraph 3?
A．Fragile. B．Stable. C．Flexible. D．Active.14．What can be inferred from Douglas Blackiston's words?
A．The xenobots can't break down easily. B．The xenobots need to be further perfected.
C．The xenobots can be applied in other fields. D．The xenobots have already been widely used.15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The new approach starts with some neurons.
B．Xenobots have raised least ethical concerns.
C．The wireless controlled cockroach is a failure.
D．Previous living robots involve few living animals.


二、七選五
Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well. 16 For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.
Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. 17
Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert. Simcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this new way of irrigation in the 1930s. Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. 18 The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops.
19 However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics (水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow. Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. 20
With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past.
A．Luck played a great part in farming.
B．Some areas would be too dry to grow crops.
C．Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.
D．There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality.
E．This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.
F．Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated.
G．Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.


三、完形填空
The Big Brothers and Big Sisters Program sounded like a worthwhile cause. One day, I noticed a 21 request for volunteers. Many children had been waiting well over a year, I 22 that it was directed at me. The question was whether the 23 would want me. Because of a nerve disorder, I could only walk with the 24 of sticks.
But a short time later, my caseworker called, “I have the 25 Little Sister for you. Her name is Karen; she is eight and legally blind.”
“Are you outs?” I said. “Me 26 the blind? I have to hold onto my sticks!”
“Beth, I’m 27 you’re the right match, because I want Karen 28 to someone who can show that she can do anything, despite a(n) 29 challenge. You are such a good role model.”
It was hard to 30 , so I agreed to meet with Karen. We discussed how we could 31 our special needs. I asked her to hang on to my shirt and 32 never to run away from me. She wanted me to let her know when the land was 33 . Those seemed 34 enough for us to accomplish, so we became 35 .
During our 36 together, Karen and I have had great fun doing countless things from the ordinary gardening to the 37 of exploring New York City.
Today, Karen is fifteen, and I 38 get extreme joy listening to her share her 39 . One day she is going to be a writer, another day a teacher or a seeing-eye dog trainer. She believes there is no 40 as to how far she can go if she never restricts herself.
21．A．popular B．personal C．desperate D．modest
22．A．decided B．proved C．clarified D．reminded
23．A．company B．program C．school D．family
24．A．instruction B．invention C．control D．a(chǎn)id
25．A．mature B．perfect C．independent D．strict
26．A．dressing B．raising C．leading D．teaching
27．A．concerned B．convinced C．disappointed D．shocked
28．A．married B．opposed C．devoted D．exposed
29．A．physical B．a(chǎn)cademic C．financial D．environmental
30．A．resist B．guarantee C．research D．a(chǎn)dmit
31．A．turndown B．set aside C．a(chǎn)dapt to D．bring on
32．A．decline B．expect C．promise D．imagine
33．A．broad B．rough C．solid D．smooth
34．A．rigid B．disturbing C．dynamic D．reasonable
35．A．sisters B．colleagues C．travelers D．students
36．A．weeks B．months C．seasons D．years
37．A．barrier B．excitement C．a(chǎn)nnoyance D．convenience
38．A．still B．seldom C．temporarily D．never
39．A．jobs B．flowers C．books D．dreams
40．A．evidence B．motivation C．limit D．point


四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式．
The makeup of British families has changed 41 （rapid） over the last two hundred years． The traditional family structure （結(jié)構(gòu)）before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in 42 three generations lived under one roof． The early twentieth century saw the 43 （ grow） of the nuclear family﹣parents and a small number of 44 （child） would form a single family． In the last thirty years， however， the UK 45 （ see） a breakdown of the typical nuclear family．
Increased divorce rates， later marriage and a move away from marriage altogether have resulted 46 new forms of family； divorced parents will develop new relationships and take their kids with them． A survey 47 （ conduct） by researchers shows that over 50% of kids are now born to parents who are not married．
Some minority communities stick to the extended family structure， and it is common 48 （find） that three generations are living together in an Indian family． They say that apart from strengthening traditional family ties， 49 can provide security for older people when they cannot work anymore． They believe that the phenomenon of other old people living in care homes 50 （indicate） that many old people in the wider community are abandoned in their old age．


五、短文改錯(cuò)
51．假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞：
2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
Last weekend, my British friend, Jim, spotted paper-cutting stand when we were wandering on the street. See such wonderful paper-cuts really amazed him, so he immediately decided to buy one. Therefore, the seller shook her head at the moment she saw the 100-yuan note Jim handed over to her. She had no change! How disappointed Jim was! He was about to quit while I took out my cellphone, scanned the QR code on the stand and pay 5 yuan. Jim was very surprising. I explained to her that nowadays we could pay with a cellphone for almost something. “Wow!” Jim said, “The paper-cut looks great, and the payment method seems even great!”

六、其他應(yīng)用文
52．假定你是李華，你書法班的英國(guó)同學(xué)Sahna因?yàn)樵跐h語(yǔ)書法大賽中表現(xiàn)欠佳而心情沮喪，請(qǐng)你給她寫一封信表示安慰。內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.幫助分析原因；
3.提供輔導(dǎo)。
參考詞匯：漢語(yǔ)書法 Chinese calligraphy
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Sahna，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua

參考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了哈佛體驗(yàn)學(xué)院的兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目的詳細(xì)信息
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Pre-College Program中的“? Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades. (?在哈佛大學(xué)教授的課程中挑戰(zhàn)自己，沒有分?jǐn)?shù)的壓力。)”和Secondary School Program中的“? Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school. (?選擇一到兩門大學(xué)水平的課程，深入研究那些真正讓你興奮的、高中可能不會(huì)提供的科目。)”可知，這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目都用大學(xué)水平的課程挑戰(zhàn)學(xué)生。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Application is now open for both high school programs! (現(xiàn)在兩所高中的項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)都開放了。)”可知，申請(qǐng)人可以現(xiàn)在開始申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。閱讀全文以及標(biāo)題Experience College at Harvard (哈佛體驗(yàn)學(xué)院)和第一段Challenge yourself incollege-level academics.Meet new friends from around the world.Strengthen your college application.And, buildimportant life skills that can make your future college experience a success.(在大學(xué)水平的學(xué)術(shù)中挑戰(zhàn)自己。認(rèn)識(shí)來自世界各地的新朋友。加強(qiáng)你的大學(xué)申請(qǐng)。此外,培養(yǎng)重要的生活技能,使你未來的大學(xué)生活獲得成功。)可知本文主要介紹了哈佛體驗(yàn)學(xué)院的兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目的詳細(xì)信息,可推斷，本文的目的是為高中學(xué)生介紹哈佛暑期項(xiàng)目。故選D。
4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了身患重病而康復(fù)的13歲的Abraham許下一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的無家可歸者提供食物，作為一個(gè)給予者，慷慨無私地幫助他人，使Abraham感到無比幸福的故事。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“During his recovery, he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community. (在康復(fù)期間，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有資格得到一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，可以在‘許愿密西西比’許下一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。雖然很多青少年會(huì)選擇難忘的迪士尼之旅，遇見最喜歡的人物或得到一個(gè)游戲機(jī)，Abraham卻選擇了為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的無家可歸者提供食物。)”可知，是Abraham對(duì)夢(mèng)想的特殊選擇使他成為一個(gè)非凡的孩子。故選A項(xiàng)。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Make-A-Wish Mississippi approved of the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service named after the teen, called Abraham’s Table, which would provide free meals to the homeless every month for the next year. Local businesses generously donated food and supplies, and receivers gathered in Jackson’s Poindexter Park for the meals. (‘許愿密西西比’在很大程度上支持了這名少年的愿望。他們以這名少年的名字創(chuàng)建了一項(xiàng)名為‘Abraham的餐桌’的服務(wù)，在接下來的一年里，每個(gè)月都為無家可歸的人提供免費(fèi)的食物。當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)慷慨地捐贈(zèng)了食物和物資，接受者聚集在Jackson的Poindexter公園參加宴會(huì)。)”以及“Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided. (Abraham，當(dāng)接受幫助的人回來感謝他提供的食物時(shí)，他感到很溫暖。)”等內(nèi)容可以推知，Abraham的善舉得到了積極的反應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Linda Sermons, a Make-A-Wish Mississippi representative, said that Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history. She was impressed with the teen’s maturity and sense of sympathy. (Linda Sermons是‘許愿密西西比’的一名代表，她說，Abraham的慷慨愿望是該組織35年歷史上的第一個(gè)。那個(gè)少年的成熟和同情心給她留下了深刻的印象。)”可以推知，Abraham富有同情心并且慷慨無私。故選C項(xiàng)。
7．推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community. (雖然很多青少年會(huì)選擇難忘的迪士尼之旅，遇見最喜歡的人物或得到一個(gè)游戲機(jī)，Abraham卻選擇了為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的無家可歸者提供食物。)”以及第三段中“Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided. (Abraham說，當(dāng)接受幫助的人回來感謝他提供的食物時(shí)，他感到很溫暖。)”可知，本文主要講述了身患重病而康復(fù)的13歲的Abraham許下一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的無家可歸者提供食物，作為一個(gè)給予者，慷慨無私地幫助他人，使Abraham感到無比幸福的故事。從而推知，選項(xiàng)B“做一個(gè)給予者是一種祝福。”最能描述這個(gè)故事。故選B項(xiàng)。
8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C

【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了一個(gè)名為“非人權(quán)項(xiàng)目”(NhRP)的動(dòng)物權(quán)利組織為黑猩猩爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利而努力的事件引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議。
8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV.”（從電影和其他曾經(jīng)占據(jù)他的工作中退休后，他沒有黑猩猩朋友陪伴他——只有一臺(tái)電視。）可知，湯米過著非常孤獨(dú)的生活。故選A項(xiàng)。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy.”（湯米的主人帕特·拉弗里(Pat Lavery)說，大約十年前他從一個(gè)粗心大意的主人手中救出了湯米，并否認(rèn)這只黑猩猩受到了虐待或不開心。）可推斷，NhRP認(rèn)為帕特·拉弗里虐待湯米。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “l(fā)egal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.”（該組織說，黑猩猩具有類似人類的智力，它們應(yīng)該被認(rèn)定為“法人”，并被安置在動(dòng)物收容所，可以自由漫步。）根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“They should be able to choose how to live their lives”他們應(yīng)該能夠選擇如何生活。可推斷，NhRP的最終目標(biāo)是幫助黑猩猩獲得自由。故選D項(xiàng)。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’””（“輕率地說它們和人類一樣是有危險(xiǎn)的，”研究動(dòng)物和法律的教授理查德·卡普(Richard Cupp)說?！叭绻覀冋娴陌炎⒁饬性诜浅７浅Ｂ斆鞯暮谛尚缮砩?，那么誰(shuí)知道也許有一天我們會(huì)說，‘嘿，這有一個(gè)人一點(diǎn)也不聰明，也許黑猩猩的地位比這個(gè)人高?！保┛赏茢?，Richard Cupp對(duì)NhRP為黑猩猩爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利的努力持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。
12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新的活體機(jī)器人xenobots，介紹了創(chuàng)造它的方法，由于它具有可降解性，因此可以在多領(lǐng)域中被廣泛運(yùn)用。同時(shí)指出xenobots僅僅涉及細(xì)胞，沒有涉及神經(jīng)元，因此在最大程度上減少了倫理問題的發(fā)生。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year.( 用青蛙的皮膚細(xì)胞造出了一個(gè)活的機(jī)器人。“Xenobots”是在去年首次被描述出來的，得名于這種細(xì)胞的來源——蛙類非洲爪蟾)”可知，新的xenobots是利用青蛙胚胎創(chuàng)造出來的。故選A。
13．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build(最基本的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)你把皮膚細(xì)胞從它們正常的環(huán)境中解放出來，你給它們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來構(gòu)建其他東西，而不是它們通常構(gòu)建出來的東西)”以及后文“This idea that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.(這種想法認(rèn)為，即使是正常的細(xì)胞，沒有經(jīng)過基因改造，實(shí)際上也能夠構(gòu)建出完全不同的東西)”可知，Levin認(rèn)為皮膚細(xì)胞被從正常環(huán)境中解放出來以后，變得非常靈活，有機(jī)會(huì)去創(chuàng)造出完全不同的東西。即劃線詞意思是“靈活的”。A. Fragile.脆弱的；B. Stable.穩(wěn)定的；C. Flexible.靈活的；D. Active.活躍的。故選C。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable, says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.(同樣來自塔夫茨大學(xué)的研究小組成員Douglas Blackiston說，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯杉?xì)胞制造出來的，所以xenobots最終會(huì)分解并完全可生物降解。因此，他希望它們能用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)和環(huán)境應(yīng)用)”可推知，xenobots可以應(yīng)用于其他領(lǐng)域。故選C。
15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons, so it's not an animal,” says Auke ljspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn't involved in the research.(以前曾嘗試制造活體機(jī)器人，比如無線控制的蟑螂，都涉及到處理活體動(dòng)物，這引起了倫理方面的擔(dān)憂。Xenobots與這些機(jī)器人不同，因?yàn)樗鼈兺耆苫罴?xì)胞構(gòu)成?！斑@種方法在倫理上可能問題最少，因?yàn)橐磺卸际菑募?xì)胞開始的。它們沒有神經(jīng)元，所以它不是動(dòng)物，”瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的Auke ljspeert說，他沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究)”可知，Xenobots引發(fā)的道德?lián)鷳n最少。故選B。
16．A 17．G 18．E 19．C 20．F

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用，介紹了滴灌和水培農(nóng)業(yè)及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
16．上文“They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well.(他們每天花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)照料莊稼，以便莊稼長(zhǎng)得好。)”指出農(nóng)民們?yōu)榱饲f稼長(zhǎng)得好，每天要花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)照料莊稼，下文“For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.(例如，一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨可以毀掉一整年的工作，而一個(gè)好天氣的夏天可以保證豐收。)”以具體例子說明，突發(fā)天氣狀況會(huì)影響收成，由此可推知，空處應(yīng)該是指出古代農(nóng)業(yè)收成好壞也靠運(yùn)氣，A項(xiàng)“Luck played a great part in farming.(運(yùn)氣在農(nóng)業(yè)中起了很大的作用。)”符合，故選A。
17．上文“Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork.(現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)大大減少了農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)的負(fù)擔(dān)，同時(shí)也減少了對(duì)運(yùn)氣和猜測(cè)的依賴。)”指出現(xiàn)代科技給農(nóng)業(yè)帶來的好處，空處也應(yīng)該承接上文，繼續(xù)描寫現(xiàn)代科技給農(nóng)業(yè)帶來的好處，G項(xiàng)“Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.(農(nóng)民從農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)的創(chuàng)新中獲益匪淺。)”符合，故選G。
18．上文“Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water.(通過這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在可以在旱地上種植作物，而不需要太多的水。)”指出滴灌的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，農(nóng)民不僅可以旱地上種植，而且不需要太多水，下文“The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops.(有限而集中地使用恰到好處的水量也會(huì)使雜草失去水分，從而防止它們損害莊稼。)”指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的好處，由此可知，空處應(yīng)承接上文，繼續(xù)描寫滴灌用水少這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)，E項(xiàng)“This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.(這種灌溉方法比其他方法用水少得多。)”符合，故選E。
19．由下文“However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics (水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow(但是，如果一個(gè)地區(qū)有足夠的水，但是可用的土壤很少呢？ 事實(shí)證明，不用土壤也能種植植物。通過水培，植物的根部由巖石或纖維墊支撐。然后提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的水，這樣植物就可以生長(zhǎng)。)”的however可知，空處和下文是對(duì)比關(guān)系，且結(jié)合上段提到用水少的滴灌可知，空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，同時(shí)和下文進(jìn)行對(duì)比，即用滴灌能解決缺水地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)問題和水培能解決水多地區(qū)的問題做對(duì)比，C項(xiàng)“Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.(滴灌解決了一個(gè)地區(qū)缺水的問題。)”符合，故選C。
20．上文“Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. (最近的研究集中在垂直水培農(nóng)業(yè)上。在垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)中，農(nóng)作物被種植在集裝箱中，集裝箱堆成了摩天大樓。)”提出最近的研究都在垂直水培農(nóng)業(yè)上，同時(shí)描述了垂直水培農(nóng)作物的一些情況，空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)描寫垂直水培農(nóng)作物的一些相關(guān)內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated.(此外，幾乎所有的水培農(nóng)場(chǎng)都部分或全部自動(dòng)化。)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。

21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述身體殘疾的作者參加了一個(gè)志愿者互助項(xiàng)目，他們?yōu)樽髡咂ヅ淞艘粋€(gè)雙目失明的女孩Karen，通過和作者相處，Karen變得對(duì)未來充滿自信的故事。
21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我注意到一個(gè)急需志愿者的請(qǐng)求。A. popular受歡迎的，流行的；B. personal個(gè)人的，私人的；C. desperate絕望的，非常需要，渴望；D. modest謙虛的。根據(jù)下一句“Many children had been waiting well over a year(許多孩子已經(jīng)等了一年多了)”可知，此處指“急需志愿者的請(qǐng)求”。故選C項(xiàng)。
22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多孩子已經(jīng)等了一年多了，我斷定它是為我準(zhǔn)備的。A. decided決定，斷定；B. proved證明；C. clarified闡明，澄清；D. reminded提醒。根據(jù)下文“The question was whether the ____3____ would want me.”可知，作者覺得很適合自己，當(dāng)斷定它是為作者準(zhǔn)備的。故選A項(xiàng)。
23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)栴}是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是否需要我。A. company公司；B. program項(xiàng)目；C. school學(xué)校；D. family家庭，根據(jù)文章第一句“The Big Brothers and Big Sisters Program…”可知，作者想?yún)⒓舆@個(gè)項(xiàng)目，故選B項(xiàng)。
24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于神經(jīng)紊亂，我只能借助拐杖走路。A. instruction 指示；B. invention發(fā)明；C. control控制；D. aid幫助。根據(jù)“Because of a nerve disorder”及下文“I have to hold onto my sticks!(我必須得拄著拐杖)”可知，由于患病，作者只能拄著拐杖行走。故選D項(xiàng)。
25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但沒過多久，我的社工打電話來，“我為你匹配了一個(gè)完美的小妹妹?！盇. mature成熟的；B. perfect完美的；C. independent獨(dú)立的；D. strict嚴(yán)格的。根據(jù)下文“I’m ____7____ you’re the right match”可知， 社工認(rèn)為作者和對(duì)方是完美的匹配。故選B項(xiàng)。
26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我給盲人帶路？我還不得不拄著拐杖呢！”A. dressing給……穿衣服；B. raising提高，舉起，籌集；C. leading引領(lǐng)，帶路；D. teaching教。根據(jù)空后的“the blind”可知，此處指給盲人帶路。故選C項(xiàng)。
27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你們很適合，因?yàn)槲蚁胱孠aren接觸一個(gè)能證明她無所不能的人，盡管身體上有挑戰(zhàn)性。A. concerned相關(guān)的，擔(dān)心的；B. convinced確信的；C. disappointed失望的；D. shocked震驚的。根據(jù)下一句“You are such a good role model.(你是個(gè)很好的榜樣)”可知，社工確信作者和Karen很適合。故選B項(xiàng)。
28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你們很適合匹配，因?yàn)槲蚁胱孠aren接觸一個(gè)能證明她無所不能的人，盡管身體上有挑戰(zhàn)性。A. married結(jié)婚；B. opposed反對(duì)；C. devoted奉賢，致力于；D. exposed暴露，使接觸。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，社工將兩人進(jìn)行匹配是想讓Karen接觸一個(gè)能鼓勵(lì)她，給她正能量的人。be exposed to接觸，故選D項(xiàng)。
29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你們很適合匹配，因?yàn)槲蚁胱孠aren接觸一個(gè)能證明她無所不能的人，盡管身體上有挑戰(zhàn)性。A. physical身體的；B. academic 學(xué)術(shù)的；C. financial財(cái)務(wù)的；D. environmental環(huán)境的。根據(jù)上文“Her name is Karen; she is eight and legally blind.(她的名字叫Karen；她八歲，雙目失明)”可知，Karen身體上有缺陷，故選A項(xiàng)。
30．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很難抗拒，所以我同意和Karen見面。A. resist阻擋，抵抗；B. guarantee保證；C. research研究；D. admit承認(rèn)。由“so I agreed to meet with Karen”可知，作者很難抗拒，所以答應(yīng)見面。故選A項(xiàng)。
31．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們討論了如何適應(yīng)我們的特殊需要。A. turn down拒絕，調(diào)低；B. set aside留出；C. adapt to適應(yīng)；D. bring on導(dǎo)致，引起。由下文內(nèi)容可知，作者讓Karen拉住自己的衣服不要跑開，Karen讓作者為自己指路，所以此處指兩個(gè)人如何適應(yīng)雙方的特殊需求。故選C項(xiàng)。
32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我要她抓住我的襯衫，保證不從我身邊跑開。A. decline下降，謝絕；B. expect期望；C. promise承諾，保證；D. imagine想象。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者讓Karen拉著自己的衣服，保證不要隨便跑開，故選C項(xiàng)。
33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她想讓我告訴她路什么時(shí)候是崎嶇不平的。A. broad寬廣的，寬闊的；B. rough粗糙的，崎嶇不平的；C. solid堅(jiān)硬的；D. smooth光滑的，平坦的。由上文可知，Karen是盲人，所以讓作者告訴自己什么時(shí)候地勢(shì)崎嶇不平。故選B項(xiàng)。
34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些似乎是合理的，我們可以完成，所以我們成為了姐妹。A. rigid僵化的，死板的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. dynamic充滿活力的，動(dòng)態(tài)的；D. reasonable合理的。由下文兩人達(dá)成匹配可知，雙方的需求都能合理完成，故選D項(xiàng)。
35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些似乎是合理的，我們可以完成，所以我們成為了姐妹。A. sisters姐妹；B. colleagues同事；C. travelers旅行者；D. students學(xué)生。由上文“I have the ____5____ Little Sister for you”可知，此處用sisters。故選A項(xiàng)。
36．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們?cè)谝黄鸬倪@些年里，Karen和我做了無數(shù)的事情，從普通的園藝到探索紐約市的興奮。A. weeks 星期；B. months月；C. seasons季節(jié)；D. years年。由上文“she is eight”可知，社工向作者介紹Karen時(shí)她只有8歲，結(jié)合下文“Today, Karen is fifteen”可知，她們?cè)谝黄鸷芏嗄?。故選D項(xiàng)。
37．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們?cè)谝黄鸬倪@些年里，Karen和我做了無數(shù)的事情，從普通的園藝到探索紐約市的興奮。A. barrier障礙；B. excitement興奮，激動(dòng)；C. annoyance煩惱；D. convenience方便。由“exploring New York City”可知，此處指探索紐約市的興奮之情。故選B項(xiàng)。
38．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，Karen15歲了，但我仍然非常高興能聽她分享她的夢(mèng)想。A. still仍然；B. seldom很少；C. temporarily暫時(shí)；D. never從不。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者和Karen在一起很多年，此處指聽她談?wù)撟约旱膲?mèng)想作者仍然很高興。故選A項(xiàng)。
39．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，Karen15歲了，但我仍然非常高興能聽她分享她的夢(mèng)想。A. jobs工作；B. flowers花；C. books書；D. dreams夢(mèng)想。由下文“One day she is going to be a writer, another day a teacher or a seeing-eye dog trainer.(有一天她會(huì)成為一名作家，有一天她會(huì)成為一名教師或?qū)と叹?”可知，此處指Karen談?wù)撟约旱膲?mèng)想。故選D項(xiàng)。
40．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她相信，如果不限制自己，她能走多遠(yuǎn)是沒有限制的。A. evidence證據(jù)；B. motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；C. limit限制；D. point觀點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)。根據(jù)上文她談及自己的各種夢(mèng)想及空后“if she never restricts herself”可知，如果不限制自己，能走多遠(yuǎn)是沒有限制的。故選C項(xiàng)。

41．rapidly 42．which 43．growth 44．children 45．has seen 46．in 47．conducted 48．to find 49．it 50．indicates

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹英國(guó)家庭組成結(jié)構(gòu)在過去兩百年所發(fā)生的變化情況。
41．考查副詞。句意：在過去的200年里，英國(guó)人的家庭組成結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了快速的變化。在英語(yǔ)中通常使用副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。本句中句中changed是動(dòng)詞，要用副詞修飾。所以要填 rapidly。
42．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在工業(yè)革命前英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)是三代居住在一起的大家庭。本句是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞family，并在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which。所以要填which。
43．考查名詞。句意：二十世紀(jì)初期建筑了核心家庭的成長(zhǎng)。句中saw是及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。growth是動(dòng)詞grow的名詞形式。所以要填 growth。
44．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：父母親和孩子們形成了單個(gè)的家庭。child是可數(shù)名詞，其前有a number of修飾時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。所以要填 children。
45．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去三十年里，英國(guó)見證了核心家庭的破裂。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the last thirty years要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)UK是單數(shù)形式，助動(dòng)詞用has。所以要填 has seen。
46．考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。句意：越來越高的離婚率、晚婚晚育等原因?qū)е铝撕诵募彝サ钠屏选?br /> 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) in意為"引起， 導(dǎo)致"，是固定搭配。所以句中要填 in．
47．考查過去分詞。句意：研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示百分之50的孩子是由未婚的父母親所生的。句中名詞survey與conduct之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語(yǔ)conducted by researchers作定語(yǔ)。所以要填 conducted．
48．考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：在印度家庭里三代人生活在一起是很常見的。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to find that three generations are living together in an Indian family。所以要填 to find．
49．考查代詞。句意：他們說除了加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)家庭聯(lián)系以外，大家庭還可以給不再工作的老人提供安全。句中it指代前文中提到的the extended family structure，使用要填 it。
50．考查主謂一致。句意：他們認(rèn)為老人生活在護(hù)理中心說明很多社區(qū)里的老人在年老的時(shí)候被拋棄了。主語(yǔ)phenomenon是單數(shù)形式，且表示一般事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。所以要填 indicates。
【點(diǎn)睛】本文小題2考查了定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用法，因?yàn)樵渲薪樵~in后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。從句是語(yǔ)法填空題型最為常見的一個(gè)方向，主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。
例1：He did not do _____ his father had asked him to do．
　通過分析成分可知，橫線所在為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以是what。
　例2：Those _____ want to go to the village must sign here．
通過分析成分可以判斷橫線所在為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入關(guān)系代詞who。
51．1. 在spotted 后加a??
2. See→Seeing
3. Therefore→However???
4. 刪除at
5. while→when???
6. pay→paid
7. surprising→surprised???
8. her→him
9. something→everything/anything???
10. great→greater
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。我和朋友Jim購(gòu)物買剪紙時(shí)，Jim不僅對(duì)剪紙感興趣，而且贊嘆手機(jī)支付方式。
【小題1】考查冠詞。句意：上周末，我的英國(guó)朋友吉姆在街上閑逛時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)剪紙攤。“stand”作名詞有“貨攤”的含義，為可數(shù)名詞。照應(yīng)句意，應(yīng)為單數(shù)，且spotted發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故在potted后加a。
【小題2】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：看到如此精美的剪紙，他真的很驚訝，所以他立即決定買一個(gè)。分析句子成分可知，應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且和主語(yǔ)“he”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用doing形式作狀語(yǔ)。故將See改為Seeing。
【小題3】考查副詞。句意：然而，當(dāng)她看到吉姆遞給她的100元鈔票時(shí)，她搖了搖頭。根據(jù)句意可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折含義。故將Therefore改為However。
【小題4】考查介詞。句意：然而，當(dāng)她看到吉姆遞給她的100元鈔票時(shí)，她搖了搖頭。分析句子成分可知，應(yīng)為連詞“the moment”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故刪除at。
【小題5】考查連詞。句意：他正要放棄時(shí)，我拿出手機(jī)，掃描了展臺(tái)上的二維碼，付了5元錢。固定句型be about to do sth. when...“正要做某事這時(shí)……”。故將while改為when。
【小題6】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他正要放棄時(shí)，我拿出手機(jī)，掃描了展臺(tái)上的二維碼，付了5元錢。分析句子成分可知，“took out”，“scanned”和“pay”為并列的謂語(yǔ)，故時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。故將pay改為paid。
【小題7】考查形容詞。句意：吉姆非常驚訝。主語(yǔ)為人，故用修飾人的形容詞。故將surprising改為surprised。
【小題8】考查代詞。句意：我向他解釋說，現(xiàn)在我們幾乎可以用手機(jī)支付任何東西。Jim為男性。故將her改為him。
【小題9】考查代詞。句意：我向他解釋說，現(xiàn)在我們幾乎可以用手機(jī)支付任何東西。根據(jù)句意可知，用手機(jī)可以支付一切東西，任何東西。故將something改為everything/anything。
【小題10】考查形容詞。句意：吉姆說：“剪紙看起來很棒，付款方式似乎更棒！”even修飾比較級(jí)，且Jim認(rèn)為付款方式更棒。故將great改為greater。
52．Dear Sahna,
I am sorry to hear that you didn’t perform well in the contest of Chinese calligraphy and that you are feeling discouraged.
Anyhow, as a foreigner, you have tried your best. As the proverb goes, failure is the mother of success. Facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart. On the contrary, you should analyze the cause of your failure. As far as I am concerned, you are not well prepared for it and you need more time to practice more. Chinese calligraphy is a time-consuming art, so what you need to do is spend more time on it.
If you want to practice, I am willing to work as a tutor to help you improve it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給書法班的英國(guó)同學(xué)Sahna寫信，向其表示安慰，幫助Sahna分析在漢語(yǔ)書法大賽中表現(xiàn)欠佳的原因并提供輔導(dǎo)。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
比賽：contest→competition
無論如何：anyhow→in any case
原因：cause→reason
幫助：help→assist
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart.
拓展句：When you are facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Chinese calligraphy is a time-consuming art, so what you need to do is spend more time on it.（運(yùn)用了what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】If you want to practice, I am willing to work as a tutor to help you improve it.（運(yùn)用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句）

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