江蘇省新高考基地學(xué)校2022-2023高三下學(xué)期第五次大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題Word版含解析-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?2023屆新高考基地學(xué)校第五次大聯(lián)考
英語(yǔ)
注意事項(xiàng)
考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求。
1．答題前，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必將自己的姓名、學(xué)校、考位號(hào)用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0. 5毫米簽字筆填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。
2．請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、考試證號(hào)與你本人的是否相符。
3．答題時(shí)，必須用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0. 5毫米簽字筆寫(xiě)在答題紙上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無(wú)效。
第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié) （共5小題；每小題1. 5分，滿分7. 5分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
Which day did the woman get her laptop?
A. On New Year’s Day. B. On Singles’ Day. C. On her birthday.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: My son gave me a laptop. It’s a good birthday present, but I don’t know how to switch it on.
M: I got one on Singles’ Day. It took me until New Year’s Day to work out how to use it.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What did the man probably do yesterday?
A. He watched a film.
B. He went to a dinner party.
C. He saw a dance performance.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: John, did you end up going to the company dinner yesterday? I wish I could have gone, but I had to attend my daughter’s dance performance.
M: I actually ended up staying home. I was really tired and there was a good movie on TV.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
When was the appointment due?
A. 60 minutes ago. B. 30 minutes ago. C. 15 minutes ago.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: The doctor can see you now, Mr. Smith. Sorry about the delay. Your appointment was for 11:30 a. m. , wasn’t it?
M: It was, but my train was half an hour late. It’s midday and I have just arrived.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What does the woman heat her house with?
A. Solar. B. Water. C. Electricity.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m thinking of switching my home’s water heater to electric power. You have an electric one, right?
W: We still have that one for emergencies, but it’s not in use at the moment. Now we have the large glass panels that absorb sunlight. They save us a ton of money!
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What is the woman considering?
A. Living in her sister’s house.
B. Becoming a teacher.
C. Starting a family.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I love to go to my sister’s house and play with her children.
M: Do you want to work with children when you graduate? I think you would be a great teacher.
W: No, but I will think about having children of my own one day.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1. 5分，滿分22. 5分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6. How did Julie get in touch with the woman today?
A. By phone. B. By email. C. In person.
7. What does the man urge the woman to do?
A. Call Julie. B. Watch a TV show. C. Put the book in her bag.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Who was calling?
W: It was Julie, reminding me to take her book into school tomorrow.
M: Did you borrow it?
W: Yes, ages ago. I keep forgetting to take it. She told me and emailed me weeks ago, but I still forgot it.
M: Put it in your schoolbag now.
W: There’s a TV show I want to watch first.
M: No. Do it now or you’ll forget it again. You won’t miss the show. Julie must be very concerned about it if she was ringing you in the evening.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8. What happened to the man on his journey?
A. He was late arriving.
B. He couldn’t find his bags.
C. He lost his way to the destination.
9. How long has the man been traveling?
A. For 17 hours. B. For 20 hours. C. For 24 hours.
10. Why did the hotel change the man’s room?
A. He paid to have a better room.
B. The hotel has made a mistake.
C. He has experienced a tough time.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcome, Mr. Barker. So I have you down for seven nights in Room 12, but I don’t see any bags.
M: Well, the airline has lost them somewhere. I had a connecting flight and they said I should have rechecked my bags in, but I’ve never had to do that. It’s the last thing I need to do after traveling for 20 hours.
W: No, normally they follow you all the way to your destination. Well, if you need anything, our shop is open 24 hours.
M: Yes, I might need some clothes. The airline said they would send the bags here once they found them. Could you have them sent straight to my room?
W: Certainly, sir. Because of all the difficulty you have had, I’ve put you in Room 17, which has its own pool.
M: Thank you. That`s very kind.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

11. What are the speakers playing?
A. An animal game. B. A car game. C. A war game.
12. What did the woman think of the driving game?
A. It was amusing. B. It was simple. C. It was violent.
13. Where are the speakers?
A. At a game center. B. At home. C. At school.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】W: We have played this game so often. Can’t we find another one?
M: This one is fun.
W: I don’t really enjoy war games. I like the one we used to play with the little animals. M: That’s a baby game. I don’t think I even have it on my computer.
W: What about the one where we drove cars around a town? That was funny
M: I’ll see if I can find it.
W: I wish we could meet up. Remember when we could be in the same house, playing a board game?
M: It seems a long time ago. Just think, we even used to play outside.
W: And we went to school…remember that?
M: They say we might be able to go back soon. The virus seems to be going away.
W: My school is saying it may open next week.
M: I haven’t heard from mine yet. My teachers haven’t said anything.
W: I hope we can. Learning from home was fun at first, but now I miss my classmates.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

14. What do we know about the man?
A. He is looking for a new house.
B. He hopes to fill an empty apartment.
C. He spent lots of money on changing his room.
15. What is the woman?
A. A home decorator. B. A furniture saleswoman. C. A painter.
16. What will the man buy?
A. A bed. B. Paintings. C. A sofa.
17. What is the woman’s main concern?
A. Cheap cost. B. High quality. C. Quick action.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I don’t have a huge budget, but I really want to fill this brand new apartment and make it beautiful.
W: I have a lot of experience with these projects. Your budget is enough to get excellent quality and design.
M: Excellent. There’s nothing inside, but the space isn’t very big. Will it be difficult to get the furniture inside?
W: You’ll need to hire a moving team or at least get a big group of your friends to help you.
M: OK, first I need to bring in my bed, dressers, sofa, and desk.
W: I’ve measured your furniture, and everything will fit except your bed.
M: Hopefully I can find a new one that isn’t expensive.
W: I’d like to advise you to start with painting the different rooms and putting art on the walls. This will provide a brighter space and will increase the value if you ever wish to sell it.
M: Don’t worry about that. I plan to live here for a long time. Also, my girlfriend can give me some paintings for decoration.
W: I hope you understand that it’ll take more than a month to have your new place ready to live in.
M: If possible, I’d be happier if you could finish decorating sooner, but I can wait if it’s necessary.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

18. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. A camera-like insect.
B. An insect-like camera.
C. A power-saving battery.
19. What is the most unusual about the camera?
A. Its value. B. Its power. C. Its weight.
20. How did the researchers use their knowledge?
A. They created a robot.
B. They raised the insects.
C. They protected the privacy.
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】Researchers have developed a tiny wireless camera that is light enough to be carried by insects. The team at the University of Washington in the US drew inspiration from the insects to create its low-powered camera system.
The research was published in the journal Science Robotics. The entire camera weighs just 250 milligrams, about a tenth of the weight of a playing card. It is put on a mechanical arm that can shift from side to side. That allows the camera to look side to side and scan the environment, just like an insect. To save battery life, the researchers included a device in the system so that it only takes photos when the insect is moving. This way, the camera was able to operate for six hours on a full charge. The insects were not harmed and lived for at least a year after the experiment. The researchers used what they had learned to produce an independent insect-sized camera robot. The team claims it is the world’s smallest robot with wireless vision. Shyam Gollakota, senior author of the research, acknowledged that tiny camera robots could introduce new privacy concerns.
第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2. 5分，滿分37. 5分）
閱讀下列短文，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Technology use in class
You will be allowed to use your favorite type of technology (e. g. , laptop, iPad) in class if you choose to do so, since some people prefer taking notes that way. If you decide to use it, please avoid distractions, like e-mail checking or accessing social media during class.
Academic integrity
You will be expected to be the author of the assignments you turn in for this course. Your papers will require you to draw upon existing research to inform and lend credibility (可信度) to your arguments. To credit the ideas of others properly, you must follow two main rules:
●Always cite the source of a finding, idea, or argument that is not your own, no matter how much rewording you have done.
●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引號(hào)) and include a page number in your citation.
Absences and late assignments
You are expected to attend every class, since your participation in class will count towards your final grade. Students with excused absences will have a chance to complete missed class assignments (and participation) without punishment. Otherwise, class participation can only be completed during class. Assignments submitted after the deadline will be considered late assignments. Late assignments will be graded with ? of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline. If not submitted within one week following the original deadline, late assignments will not be graded.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A school regulation. B. A college textbook. C. An exam paper. D. An academic article.
22. To achieve academic integrity, what are you expected to do?
A. Avoid assessing media during class. B. Submit your totally original work.
C. Present others’ ideas as your own. D. Cite others’ ideas in a proper way.
23. What will happen if you submit an assignment within one week after the due date?
A. You will be punished. B. You will get a half grade.
C. You will receive a zero. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一所學(xué)校的學(xué)校規(guī)章制度。
【21題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Technology use in class(課堂上技術(shù)使用)”和“Academic integrity(學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信)”及“Absences and late assignments(曠課和遲交作業(yè))”可推知，這篇文章可能是摘自學(xué)校規(guī)章制度。故選A。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Academic integrity(學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信)”中的“●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引號(hào)) and include a page number in your citation.(把你引用的發(fā)現(xiàn)、想法和論點(diǎn)用自己的話表達(dá)出來(lái)。如果直接引用是絕對(duì)必要的，把文本放在引號(hào)中，并在引用中包括頁(yè)碼)”可推知，為了達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信，你應(yīng)該以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞揭盟说挠^點(diǎn)。故選D。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Absences and late assignments(曠課和遲交作業(yè))”中的“Late assignments will be graded with ? of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline.(遲交的作業(yè)如果在原定截止日期后不超過(guò)一周內(nèi)提交，將扣除二分之一的分?jǐn)?shù))”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周內(nèi)提交作業(yè)，你將得半分。故選B。
B
Howard Schultz wasn’t the first person to be carried away by the pleasant smell of a well-roasted coffee bean. But the Starbucks Coffee Co. leader was undoubtedly the first to turn that dream into a billion dollar retail business.
Schultz’s adventure started in 1981 when he traveled from New York to Seattle to check out a popular coffee bean store called “Starbucks”. It had been buying many of the Hammarplast Swedish drip coffeemakers (滴濾式煮咖啡壺) he was selling.
There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.
It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him. When they finally made him director of marketing and operations in 1982, he had another idea. This one occurred in Italy, when Schultz noticed the coffee bars that existed on almost every block. He learned that they not only served excellent espressos (蒸餾咖啡), they also served as meeting places or public squares, and there were 200,000 of them in the country.
But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.
As the company began to expand rapidly in the 1990s, Schultz always said that the main goal was “to serve a great cup of coffee”. Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”
24. What caused Schultz to join the Starbucks?
A. The pleasant smell of its coffee bean. B. His strong desire to improve himself.
C. The owners’ impressive work attitude. D. His eagerness to sell more coffeemakers.
25. Which of the following can best describe Schultz’s personality?
A. Committed and generous. B. Sociable and helpful.
C. Motivated and considerate. D. Determined and creative.
26. Why did the Starbucks owners refuse to serve coffee in the stores?
A. Many coffee bars had existed in Seattle.
B. People preferred tasting coffee at home.
C. Workforce was insufficient in the market.
D. They tried to avoid high cost of labor force.
27. What does Schultz think contributes to his success?
A. Learning from smarter people. B. Sticking to his own core values.
C. Keeping his business a secret. D. Remembering a set of principles.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了霍華德·舒爾茨帶領(lǐng)星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.(當(dāng)然，咖啡的味道很好聞，但讓他愛(ài)上這個(gè)行業(yè)的是星巴克老板在選擇和烘焙咖啡豆時(shí)所付出的細(xì)心。他還對(duì)店主致力于向公眾宣傳這種咖啡的神奇之處印象深刻)”及第四段中的“It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him.(舒爾茨花了一年時(shí)間說(shuō)服星巴克老板雇用他)”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作態(tài)度促使舒爾茨加入了星巴克。故選C。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.(但當(dāng)他回到西雅圖時(shí)，星巴克的老板們反對(duì)舒爾茨在店內(nèi)提供咖啡的計(jì)劃，稱餐飲業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，而且雇傭服務(wù)員的成本很高。畢竟，經(jīng)濟(jì)利益是他們的主要?jiǎng)恿?。灰心喪氣的舒爾茨辭去了工作，并于1985年創(chuàng)辦了自己的咖啡館，取名為“II Giornale”。這是成功的，兩年后，最初的星巴克管理層以380萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格將星巴克零售部門(mén)出售給舒爾茨)”可推知，舒爾茨的成功源于他的創(chuàng)新和堅(jiān)持，所以堅(jiān)定和創(chuàng)新是對(duì)舒爾茨性格的最佳描述。故選D。
【26題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. (但當(dāng)他回到西雅圖時(shí)，星巴克的老板們反對(duì)舒爾茨在店內(nèi)提供咖啡的計(jì)劃，稱餐飲業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，而且雇傭服務(wù)員的成本很高。畢竟，經(jīng)濟(jì)利益是他們的主要?jiǎng)恿?”可知，星巴克的老板拒絕在店里供應(yīng)咖啡，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)噲D避免高昂的勞動(dòng)力成本。故選D。
【27題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”(當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他成功的秘訣時(shí)，舒爾茨告訴我們：“不要被比你聰明的人威脅。除了你的核心價(jià)值觀，什么都可以妥協(xié)?！?”可知，舒爾茨認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持自己的核心價(jià)值觀是他成功的原因。故選B。
C
I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision. It’s not the cost. It’s not the inconvenience either. It’s the environment.
Making smartphones, laptops, and other tech products takes a lot of resources. This is partly due to the carbon emissions from the producing process. Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.
All of these rare elements have to be mined from inside the Earth, in places like China and some African countries. Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.
Now take these environmental risks, and combine them with the fact that the average lifespan (使用壽命) of a smartphone is just two years, the length of your contract with your cell phone company. After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.
It’s nearly impossible to live in the 21st century without contributing to the destruction of the environment and climate change. I am guilty as well — eat meat and occasionally fly. But that doesn’t mean that we should stop trying to do better, or ignore the consequences of our actions. I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.
28. What does the author’s final decision refer to?
A. Going ahead with getting a new phone.
B Taking action to help reduce pollution.
C. Updating your phone’s operating system.
D. Raising money for anew smartphone.
29. Why does the author list specific numbers in paragraph 2?
A. To reveal the consequences of making smartphones.
B. To analyze the causes of making new smartphones.
C. To emphasize the huge demand for smartphones.
D. To provide solutions to cutting smartphone use.
30. What message does the author convey in paragraph 4?
A. It is economical to upgrade your device.
B. The lifespan of smartphones is narrowed.
C. The upgrade comes at the expense of the environment.
D. Signing a contract spares users from economic pressure.
31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To push for environmentally friendly smartphones.
B. To discourage businesses from making smartphones.
C. To advise readers not to change smartphones often.
D. To demonstrate the negative effects of smartphones.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者對(duì)于更換智能手機(jī)的一些看法。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision.(我需要一部新手機(jī)。和許多使用老款iphone的人一樣，我的電池續(xù)航時(shí)間只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)，而且我已經(jīng)停止更新操作系統(tǒng)來(lái)延長(zhǎng)手機(jī)的壽命。但是我很難做出最后的決定)”可推知，作者的最終決定是繼續(xù)買(mǎi)一部新手機(jī)。故選A。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最負(fù)面的影響來(lái)自于讓你的手機(jī)工作的稀土金屬的開(kāi)采。如果你現(xiàn)在在手機(jī)上閱讀這篇文章，你就持有大約0.034克黃金，0.34克白銀，以及少量的其他稀有元素。這些數(shù)量微不足道，但想想全球?qū)χ悄苁謾C(jī)的需求吧)”可推知，作者在第二段列出了具體的數(shù)字是為了揭示制造智能手機(jī)的后果。故選A。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.(在那之后，如果你幸運(yùn)的話，你會(huì)得到一次“免費(fèi)”升級(jí)。太棒了，對(duì)吧？當(dāng)然，如果你忽略一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是新手機(jī)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響和用舊手機(jī)十年差不多)”可知，作者在第四段中想要表達(dá)的是升級(jí)是以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)的。故選C。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最負(fù)面的影響來(lái)自于讓你的手機(jī)工作的稀土金屬的開(kāi)采。如果你現(xiàn)在在手機(jī)上閱讀這篇文章，你就持有大約0.034克黃金，0.34克白銀，以及少量的其他稀有元素。這些數(shù)量微不足道，但想想全球?qū)χ悄苁謾C(jī)的需求吧)”及第三段中的“Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.(采礦對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞是巨大的：森林被破壞，地面被擾亂，該地區(qū)的水質(zhì)急劇下降)”和最后一段中的“I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.(我強(qiáng)烈建議你仔細(xì)考慮下一個(gè)智能手機(jī)購(gòu)買(mǎi)計(jì)劃，不管黑色星期五的廣告可能試圖告訴你什么)”可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是建議讀者不要經(jīng)常更換智能手機(jī)。故選C。
D
Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算師), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.
Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger. And they tend to do it unconsciously, meaning that instinct (直覺(jué)) can play a much larger role than they realize. Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about and which to disregard. But they can be imperfect.
When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.
A classic example is airplane crashes. If two happen continuously, flying suddenly feels scarier—even if your conscious mind knows that those crashes are a statistical aberration (統(tǒng)計(jì)異常)with little influence on the safety of your next flight. But if you then take a few flights and nothing goes wrong, your brain will most likely start telling you again that flying is safe.
That tendency can cut in both directions, leading to either alarm or complacency (自大). Though flu kills tens of thousands of Americans every year, most peoples’ experiences with it are relatively ordinary. “We’re conditioned by our experiences,” said Paul Slovic, a University of Oregon psychologist. “But experience can mislead us to be too comfortable with things. We are also conditioned to focus heavily on new threats, looking for any cause for alarm. ”
Maybe the most powerful shortcut of all is emotion. Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.
32. What does the underlined word “disregard” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Fear. B. Ignore. C. Support. D. Prevent.
33. Why does the author give an example of airplane crashes?
A. To demonstrate how to take a shortcut.
B. To emphasize the importance of experience.
C. To prove people are good at measuring risks.
D. To explain memories can be misleading.
34. What makes mental shortcut imperfect?
A. Representative memories. B. Reasoned conclusions.
C. Scary reports. D. Misinterpreted messages.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. How we stick to our beliefs B. How our brains evaluate threat
C. How our past experiences shape us D. How we make our best choices
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了我們的大腦如何評(píng)估威脅。專家們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為，人們?cè)u(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式就像精算師一樣，每次汽車(chē)靠得太近或當(dāng)?shù)胤缸锫噬仙龝r(shí)，都會(huì)進(jìn)行成本效益分析。但20世紀(jì)80年代的一波心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)否定了這種想法。
【32題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about(理想情況下，這些捷徑可以幫助人們弄清楚哪些是值得擔(dān)心的)”可知，and前后是并列關(guān)系，由此可知，劃線詞部分指的是哪些是不值得擔(dān)心的，即哪些是可以忽略的。由此可知，劃線詞disregard與ignore(忽略)意思一致。故選B。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.(當(dāng)你遇到潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)快速搜索過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷。如果它能輕易地提取多個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的記憶，那么你的大腦就會(huì)得出結(jié)論，危險(xiǎn)很高。但它往往無(wú)法評(píng)估這些記憶是否真正具有代表性)”及第四段中的“A classic example is airplane crashes.(一個(gè)典型的例子是飛機(jī)失事)”可推知，作者舉了一個(gè)飛機(jī)失事的例子來(lái)解釋記憶可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)人。故選D。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我們對(duì)事件發(fā)生頻率的預(yù)期被我們所接觸到的信息的受歡迎程度和情感強(qiáng)度所誤解)”可知，誤解的信息使心理捷徑不完美。故選D。
【35題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算師), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.(專家們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為，人們?cè)u(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式就像精算師一樣，每次汽車(chē)靠得太近或當(dāng)?shù)胤缸锫噬仙龝r(shí)，都會(huì)進(jìn)行成本效益分析。但20世紀(jì)80年代的一波心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)否定了這種想法)”及第二段中的“Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用一套心理捷徑來(lái)衡量危險(xiǎn))”和最后一段中“Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我們的大腦將情緒反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為我們認(rèn)為是合理的結(jié)論，即使實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們并非如此。我們頭腦中的世界不是現(xiàn)實(shí)的精確復(fù)制品。我們對(duì)事件發(fā)生頻率的預(yù)期被我們接觸到的信息的受歡迎程度和情感強(qiáng)度所誤解。)”可知，文章主要介紹了我們的大腦如何評(píng)估威脅，B項(xiàng)“我們的大腦如何評(píng)估威脅”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2. 5分，滿分12. 5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Fitness tracking devices often recommend we take 10,000 steps a day. But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science. ____36____
The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (計(jì)步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man. ____37____ Therefore, it created a walking aim that, through the decades, somehow got planted in our global consciousness — and fitness trackers.
But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day. ____38____ In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (過(guò)早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day. ____39____ The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.
____40____ If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.
A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.
B. Really, many of us reach that 10,000-step goal.
C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.
D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.
E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.
F. A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.
G. The risks for early death continued to drop among those taking more steps.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了我們是否每天應(yīng)該走1000步。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science.(但是，走一萬(wàn)步的目標(biāo)并不像我們?cè)S多人認(rèn)為的那樣，是基于科學(xué)的)”可知，走一萬(wàn)步的目標(biāo)并是不基于科學(xué)。由此可知，C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.(事實(shí)上，它是基于歷史而不是研究)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (計(jì)步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man.( 20世紀(jì)60年代，一萬(wàn)步的目標(biāo)在日本流行起來(lái)。一家鐘表制造商希望從1964年?yáng)|京奧運(yùn)會(huì)后人們對(duì)健身的興趣中獲益，于是批量生產(chǎn)了一款計(jì)步器，用日文寫(xiě)出來(lái)的名字就像一個(gè)走路的人)”可知，此處介紹了一萬(wàn)步目標(biāo)的不同名稱。由此可知，A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.(它也被翻譯成“一萬(wàn)步米”)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (過(guò)早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day.(在那項(xiàng)研究中，每天步行約8000步的人因心臟病或其他原因過(guò)早死亡的可能性是每天步行4000步的人的一半)”可知，此處介紹每天走路的步數(shù)對(duì)壽命的影響。由此可知，F(xiàn). A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，要想長(zhǎng)壽，每天走一萬(wàn)步并不是必須的)能夠銜接下文，下文中的that study指代選項(xiàng)中是a study，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day.(但當(dāng)今最先進(jìn)的科學(xué)表明，我們不需要每天走一萬(wàn)步)”及下文“The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.(這些額外的步數(shù)也沒(méi)有提供多少防止英年早逝的額外保護(hù))”可知，我們不需要每天走一萬(wàn)步，額外的步數(shù)也沒(méi)有提供額外的保護(hù)。由此可知，D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.(但是，從統(tǒng)計(jì)上看，額外的步數(shù)帶來(lái)的好處是微不足道的)能夠承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，其中選項(xiàng)中的additional steps對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的extra steps。故選D。
【40題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.(如果像許多人一樣，我們目前每天在購(gòu)物和做家務(wù)等日?；顒?dòng)中走5000步左右，那么加上額外的2000到3000步，我們大多數(shù)日子的總步數(shù)將達(dá)到7000到8000步，這似乎是步數(shù)的最佳點(diǎn))”可知，本段指出7000到8000步似乎是步數(shù)的最佳點(diǎn)。由此可知，E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.(每天走8000步可能是一個(gè)合理且可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo))能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。
第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
My Dad’s Jeep
When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____41____ . How am I supposed to say good-bye ____42____ ? “Why does our car look so dirty?” my 5-year-old daughter, Fianna, recently asked. “This car is super ____43____ .” I replied.
“Because it’s Grandpa Jack’s?” Fianna asked as we ____44____ out of the school parking lot. I smiled and nodded. It has kept him ____45____ ever since.
To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept, not a(n) ____46____ person she knows. Fianna’s saying my father’s name reminds me of his current ____47____. It’s then — and all the times I ____48____ his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice — that the car ____49____ me. It’s _____50_____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he _____51_____ my life with love.
One recent morning, I pulled up into our driveway after _____52_____ Fianna off at school. Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers, and stayed _____53_____ .
I let every _____54_____ of my dad that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car. I wish I _____55_____ had to say good-bye to my father. At least I still have time to learn how to say good-bye to a car.
41. A. fading away B. shooting up C. falling apart D. dying out
42. A. often B. occasionally C. obviously D. again
43. A. original B. special C. ordinary D. adjustable
44. A. left B. broke C. ran D. pulled
45. A. alive B. conscious C. warm D. quiet
46. A. tough B. real C. honest D. innocent
47. A. situation B. absence C. state D. job
48. A. meet B. receive C. miss D. recognize
49. A. shocks B. tolerates C. surrounds D. comforts
50. A. proof B. advice C. progress D. news
51. A. occupied B. balanced C. filled D. replaced
52. A. keeping B. knocking C. dropping D. showing
53. A. puzzled B. alarmed C. refreshed D. seated
54. A. version B. memory C. view D. treatment
55. A. ever B. somehow C. never D. seldom
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在父親去世后，得到了他的吉普車(chē)，八年后，汽車(chē)散架了，他不得不和父親的汽車(chē)說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，從而引發(fā)了對(duì)父親的無(wú)限懷念。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：八年后，它散架了。A. fading away逐漸消失；B. shooting up射擊；C. falling apart散架；D. dying out逐漸消亡。根據(jù)下文“How am I supposed to say good-bye ____2____ ?”可知，父親的吉普車(chē)散架了，不能使用了。故選C。
【42題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我該怎么再一次說(shuō)再見(jiàn)呢？A. often經(jīng)常；B. occasionally偶爾；C. obviously明顯地；D. again再一次。根據(jù)上文“When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____1____ .”可知，父親死后，我得到了他的吉普車(chē)，現(xiàn)在它也不能用了，我不得不再說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。故選D。
【43題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這輛車(chē)非常特別。A. original起初的；B. special特殊的；C. ordinary普通的；D. adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的。根據(jù)上文“When my father died, I got his car.”及下文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，這是父親的車(chē)，所以跟自己的女兒解釋，這輛車(chē)非常特別。故選B。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)樗墙芸藸敔數(shù)?？”我們把?chē)開(kāi)出學(xué)校停車(chē)場(chǎng)時(shí)，菲安娜問(wèn)。A. left離開(kāi)；B. broke斷裂；C. ran運(yùn)行；D. pulled(把車(chē))開(kāi)到某處停下。根據(jù)下文“out of the school parking lot.”可知，此處指把車(chē)開(kāi)出學(xué)校停車(chē)場(chǎng)。固定搭配pull out“駛出”。故選D。
【45題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓他一直活到現(xiàn)在。A. alive活的；B. conscious清醒的；C. warm溫暖的；D. quiet安靜的。根據(jù)下文“It’s ____10____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he ____11____ my life with love.”可知，此處指這輛車(chē)讓我感覺(jué)父親還活著。故選A。
【46題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)菲安娜來(lái)說(shuō)，杰克爺爺只是一個(gè)概念，而不是她認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)真實(shí)的人。A. tough堅(jiān)韌的；B. real真實(shí)的；C. honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；D. innocent無(wú)辜的。根據(jù)上文“To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept”可知，對(duì)菲安娜來(lái)說(shuō)，杰克爺爺只是一個(gè)概念，而不是她認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)真實(shí)的人。故選B。
【47題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：菲安娜說(shuō)我父親的名字讓我想起他現(xiàn)在不在。A. situation情況；B. absence不在；C. state狀態(tài)；D. job工作。根據(jù)上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，父親已經(jīng)不在了。故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，每當(dāng)我懷念他溫暖的擁抱，或是那位紳士的聲音時(shí)，那輛車(chē)就會(huì)安慰我。A. meet遇見(jiàn)；B. receive接收；C. miss懷念；D. recognize認(rèn)出。根據(jù)下文“his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice”可知，此處指懷念父親溫暖的擁抱和聲音。故選C。
【49題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，每當(dāng)我想念他懷念的擁抱，或是那位紳士的聲音時(shí)，那輛車(chē)就會(huì)安慰我。A. shocks使震驚；B. tolerates忍受；C. surrounds圍繞；D. comforts安慰。根據(jù)上文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，此處指當(dāng)懷念父親的時(shí)候，這輛車(chē)給了我安慰。故選D。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我父親存在的證據(jù)，在一段時(shí)間里，他讓我的生活充滿了愛(ài)。A. proof證據(jù)；B. advice建議；C. progress進(jìn)展；D. news消息。根據(jù)上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，此處指這輛車(chē)是我父親存在的證據(jù)。故選A。
【51題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我父親存在的證據(jù)，在一段時(shí)間里，他讓我的生活充滿了愛(ài)。A. occupied占用；B. balanced平衡；C. filled填充；D. replaced替換。根據(jù)下文“my life with love”可知，此處指他讓我的生活充滿了愛(ài)。固定搭配fill...with...“充滿”。故選C。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最近的一個(gè)早晨，我把菲安娜送到學(xué)校后，把車(chē)停在我家的車(chē)道上。A. keeping保持；B. knocking敲擊；C. dropping中途卸客；D. showing顯示。根據(jù)下文“Fianna off at school.”可知，此處指把女兒開(kāi)車(chē)送到學(xué)校。故選C。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我把車(chē)停好，用舊喇叭大聲播放本·金的《伴我左右》，然后坐在座位上。A. puzzled困惑的；B. alarmed報(bào)警的；C. refreshed恢復(fù)精神的；D. seated就坐的。根據(jù)上文“Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers”可知，此處指停下車(chē)，坐在座位上。故選D。
【54題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我讓這首歌和那輛吉普創(chuàng)造的關(guān)于我父親的每一段記憶都和我一起坐在車(chē)?yán)铩. version版本；B. memory記憶；C. view觀點(diǎn)；D. treatment治療。根據(jù)下文“that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car”可知，此處指這首歌和那輛吉普創(chuàng)造的關(guān)于我父親的每一段記憶。故選B。
【55題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望我永遠(yuǎn)不用跟我父親說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。A. ever曾經(jīng)；B. somehow不知怎么的；C. never永不；D. seldom很少。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，我對(duì)父親充滿了懷念，希望永遠(yuǎn)不用跟我父親說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。故選C。
第二節(jié) （共10小題；每小題1. 5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin province to make a ____56____ (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer.
“It seems a little boring, but ____57____ (basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from there search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. The park ____58____ (stretch) across the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.
Duan is responsible for identifying the tigers according to patterns on ____59____ (they) fur and giving them something like ____60____ identity card.
The park, ____61____ size exceeds (超過(guò)) 1.4 million hectares, is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
The Siberian tigers’ “ID cards” come ____62____ a lot of important basic data that aids scientific conservation. ____63____ (base) on such information, Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
Recent years ____64____ (see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number of wild animals and more tiger families have been found, including some back two or three generations.
“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work.” Duan said. “ _____65_____ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
【答案】56 comparison
57. basically
58. stretches
59. their 60. an
61. whose 62. with
63. Based 64. have seen##has seen
65. To create
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了東北虎豹國(guó)家公園搜索監(jiān)測(cè)中心的管理員段連儒的工作及意義。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：每天，段連儒都會(huì)花幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在她位于吉林省琿春市的辦公室里，對(duì)比電腦上數(shù)百?gòu)垨|北虎的照片。此處作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞comparison，可數(shù)名詞，前有不定冠詞，應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式。故填comparison。
【57題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：“這似乎有點(diǎn)無(wú)聊，但基本上我喜歡這份工作，這讓我和這些大型貓科動(dòng)物建立了聯(lián)系，”這位36歲的東北虎豹國(guó)家公園搜索監(jiān)測(cè)中心的管理員說(shuō)。此處修飾后面整句話的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用副詞basically，作狀語(yǔ)。故填basically。
【58題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：公園橫跨吉林和黑龍江兩省。句子陳述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)The park是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填stretches。
【59題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：段負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)老虎皮毛上的圖案識(shí)別老虎，并給它們發(fā)放類(lèi)似身份證的東西。此處修飾名詞fur，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填their。
【60題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：段負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)老虎皮毛上的圖案識(shí)別老虎，并給它們發(fā)放類(lèi)似身份證的東西。此處泛指“一張身份證”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，identity的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用an。故填an。
【61題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：該公園面積超過(guò)140萬(wàn)公頃，是中國(guó)野生東北虎和遠(yuǎn)東豹最重要的棲息地。此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是park，關(guān)系詞在從句中作size的定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。
【62題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：東北虎的“身份證”上有很多重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，有助于科學(xué)保護(hù)。此處表示“帶有”，應(yīng)用介詞with。故填with。
【63題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)這些信息，段畫(huà)出了老虎的家譜。固定短語(yǔ)be based on“根據(jù)，以……為基礎(chǔ)”，省略be動(dòng)詞，使用過(guò)去分詞，作狀語(yǔ)。故填Based。
【64題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：近年來(lái)，野生動(dòng)物的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量都有了顯著的增加，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的虎科，其中一些是兩代或三代虎科。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Recent years，被看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可以復(fù)數(shù)，即助動(dòng)詞可以使用have或has。故填have seen或has seen。
【65題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美麗的世界，我希望人類(lèi)和野生動(dòng)物能夠和諧相處。此處作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填To create。
第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) （滿分15分）
66. 假定你是李華, 你校學(xué)生會(huì)決定發(fā)起一項(xiàng)慈善活動(dòng)，號(hào)召同學(xué)們幫助老年人學(xué)會(huì)使用智能手機(jī)，請(qǐng)你在學(xué)校英文報(bào)上寫(xiě)一封倡議信。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動(dòng)的原因；
2. 活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容。
注意：
1. 寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world. However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. In view of this phenomenon, we would like to call on all of you to give a hand.
Volunteers are in need. Join us, and you can contribute by demonstrating how to shop online, make appointments with doctors or communicate on social media with smartphones. Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
Small acts of kindness will go a long way. Look forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，假定你是李華，你校學(xué)生會(huì)決定發(fā)起一項(xiàng)慈善活動(dòng)，號(hào)召同學(xué)們幫助老年人學(xué)會(huì)使用智能手機(jī)，請(qǐng)你在學(xué)校英文報(bào)上寫(xiě)一封倡議信。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
呼吁：call on→appeal to
伸出援手：give a hand→lend a hand
防范：guard against→keep away
積極的：active=positive
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
拓展句：Or you can design posters, which explain to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. (運(yùn)用了it作形式賓語(yǔ))
[高分句型2] Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds. (運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))
第二節(jié) （滿分25分）
67. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Another term had started and I had to attend the first lecture of the new course. The lecturer told us to make groups of two students for a project. I looked to the right and there was my classmate Jack sitting there. And I decided myself that he would be my group member. On the left side, there was an older woman who was from an open university. We talked about the project and decided to make a group of three. During the break, she told me that, last year, she didn’t manage to pass the course, so she would try again.
Later we got an email from our lecturer saying it was not allowed to make groups of three students. The old lady then tried to find some groups, but failed. I knew she wouldn’t find other groups, so I told her that we could do the project together. I had to say good bye to Jack.
After many meetings, we finished the project. In the last meeting, I told her I had difficulty in finding a summer job. I was living in a small town and there weren’t many jobs available and neither had I any previous experience. She advised me to keep doing it, as one would finally answer someday. She then thanked me for helping her and before leaving she said “see you”.
Two weeks later, I got an email from a company saying they had received my job application and decided to call me for a job interview. I appeared for the interview and answered the questions interviewers raised. In the end, they asked me where I had learned about the open job position. In fact, I had no idea so I told them I didn’t remember well. They called me three days later and told me I could start in May. That would be the first time I would be working as a software engineer and I couldn’t describe what I felt like.
注意：
1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She told me that she really understood me at that time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car. The registration number and color were somehow known to me. I was certain I had seen this car before. Anyway, I went inside the building and opened my laptop. At this moment, I heard someone saying “Hi, how is it going?”. That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. I said “Hi, wow, do you also work here?”, she replied “yes, I work here.” I was in shock.
She told me that she really understood me at that time. Because she had been in a similar situation when she was young and that I had helped her so much, she tried to convince her manager to give me a chance. When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?” That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said. We should always help other people in need.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi)，講述了作者參加新課程的第一節(jié)課時(shí)，講師讓他們兩人一組做一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，一開(kāi)始他和他的同學(xué)杰克組成一個(gè)小組，后來(lái)有一個(gè)上年紀(jì)的女人一直沒(méi)有找到組，講師還不允許他們組成三人組，于是作者和這個(gè)女人組成小組，讓杰克去另尋小組，最終他們完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，女人給予了作者鼓勵(lì)的故事。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě)：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“一天，我去上班，注意到一輛熟悉的車(chē)。”可知，第一段可描寫(xiě)作者在上班的地方又遇到他曾經(jīng)幫助過(guò)的女人的經(jīng)過(guò)。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“‘她告訴我，那時(shí)她真的很理解我?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼?xiě)那個(gè)女人為什么和如何幫助作者的。
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索：偶遇他曾經(jīng)幫助過(guò)的女人——震驚——女人解釋幫助作者的原因及經(jīng)過(guò)——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類(lèi)
①幫助：help/assist
②說(shuō)服：convince/persuade
③保持：keep/maintain
情緒類(lèi)
①確定的：certain/sure
②震驚的：be in shock/shocked
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. (運(yùn)用了省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?”(運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型3] That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句)

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