小升初語言知識運用動詞、動詞的種類動詞根據(jù)其在構(gòu)成動詞詞組中所起的作用分為實義動詞和助動詞。實義動詞構(gòu)成動詞詞組的基本意義,可分為及物動詞、不及物動詞和連系動詞。助動詞協(xié)助實義動詞構(gòu)成動詞詞組,表示不同的語法意義和情態(tài)意義,主要分為基本助動詞(如: be,do,will等)和情態(tài)動詞(如:can,may,must,should,need 等)。 、實義動詞1.及物動詞和不及物動詞1)及物動詞后面必須跟賓語,例如:He is reading a newspaper. 他在看報紙。She gave me a box of candies. 她給我一盒糖果。2)不及物動詞不帶賓語,例如:The winter holidays are coming. 寒假即將來臨了。It is raining outside. 外面在下雨。(3)有些動詞既可以作及物動詞, 又可以作不及物動詞, 例如: read, sing, begin, eat, drink, know, help, try 等。例如:Class begins at eight o'clock. 八點開始上課。(不及物動詞) Let's begin our class. 我們開始上課吧。(及物動詞) 2.連系動詞連系動詞后面必須接表語(常為名詞和形容詞)。1常用的連系動詞有b(是),become(變成),get(成為),go(變成),look(看 上去), grow(逐漸變成), seem(看上去), turn(變成),例如: Jenny is very happy. 珍妮很高興。He became famous. 他出名了。Mike is getting taller. 邁克長高了。Milk goes bad easily in summer. 夏天牛奶容易變質(zhì)。Jack looks sad. 杰克看上去很難過。Her face turned red. 她的臉變紅了。 2)表示感覺和知覺的動詞也可以作連系動詞,例如:feel(感覺),taste(嘗起來), smell(聞起來), sound(聽起來)等。例如:Norman doesn't feel well today. 諾曼今天感覺不舒服。How does the lemon taste? 檸檬的味道怎么樣?The roast duck smells nice. 烤鴨聞起來很香.That sounds good. 那聽起來不錯. 2有些動詞既可以作連系動詞,也可以表示具體動作,問如: She looks angry. 她看上去很憤怒.She looked angrily at us. 她憤怒地看著我們。 三、助動詞1. 基本助動詞: be, do, will1be(am, is, are): 作為助動詞時, 主要用于構(gòu)成動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時, 例如: He isn't watching TV in the sitting room. 他不在客廳里看電視。They were playing football in the playground this time yesterday.他們昨天這個時候在操場上踢足球。2do: 常用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時的否定句和一般疑問句及其回答, 例如:I don't like snakes. 我不喜歡蛇。      -- Did you go to the cinema last weekend? 一你上周末去看電影了嗎?      -- Yes, I did.  -- 是的。      -- Do you often do your homework before supper? 一你經(jīng)常在晚飯前做作 業(yè)嗎?      -- Yes, I do.  -- 是的。3will: 用于構(gòu)成動詞的一般將來時,例如:They will go to the park tomorrow. 他們明天將去公園。He'll take part in the English contest next week. 他下周將要參加一個英語 競賽。I'll go to Beijing this summer holidays. 今年暑假我將要去北京。注意: 當主語是第一人稱Iwe時,也可用shall表示一般將來時。 典型例題選擇合適的助動詞,并用其適當?shù)男问教羁铡?/span>(1)  It's nine o'clock in the morning. They _________ having an English lesson.(2)  The girl _________ like bread for breakfast.(3)  It's raining outside. We _________ go out and play.正確答案 (1)are (2)doesn't (3)won't/shan't解題思路 第一題是are having構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時;第二題是一般現(xiàn)在時的否定形式,the girl 是第三人稱單數(shù),所以用 doesn't:第三題的意思是外面正在下雨,我們不出去玩。"應(yīng)填 won't shan't。 2.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的后面必須接動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語,表示能夠、應(yīng)該、需要、推測、意愿等 情態(tài)意義。一個情態(tài)動詞往往有多種用法。1can: 表示能力、可能、許可等意義,例如: I can drive a car. 我會開車。(表示能力)You can find him in the classroom. 你可以在教室里找到他。(表示可能)Can I turn down the radio?我能把收音機音量調(diào)小點嗎?(表示許可) It can't be true. 這不可能是真的。(表示推測)  2may: 表示許可、可能等意義,例如:May I sit here? 我可以坐這里嗎? (表示許可)He may help you. 他可能會幫助你。(表示可能)  2must: 表示必須、肯定的推測等意義, 例如: We must keep the school rules at school. 我們必須要遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。(表示義務(wù)、必要)You must be hungry. 你一定是餓了。(表示肯定的猜測語氣)You mustn't smoke here. 你不可以在這里抽煙。(表示不允許)      -- Must I finish my homework now?  -- 我現(xiàn)在必須要完成作業(yè)嗎?      -- Yes, you must. /No, you needn't.  -- 是的, 必須。/, 不必。注意: Must …? 問句的否定回答是 needn't/don't need to/don't have to, 而不是 mustn't 4need: 作為情態(tài)動詞時,多用于否定句和疑問句,一般不用于肯定句,例如: Need I make an appointment? 我需要預(yù)約嗎?You needn't worry about it. 你不必擔(dān)心。注意: Need …? 疑問句的肯定回答是用 must,否定回答是 needn't,例如:  -- Need I hurry?  -- 我需要快點嗎?      -- Yes, you must. /No, you needn't. 一是的, 你必須快點。/, 不需要。 典型例題(1)  (   ) -- _________ I do it now?   -- No, you _________.A. Must; mustn't   B. Must; can't   C. Must; needn't正確答案 C解題思路 該題的意思是我現(xiàn)在必須要做這件事嗎?不,不必。 Must…?問句的否定回答是用 needn't (2)  (   ) -- Need I learn how to cook?   -- _________.A. Yes, you must.   B. No, you mustn't.  C. Yes, you need.正確答案 A解題思路 該題的意思是我需要學(xué)烹飪嗎?是的,必須學(xué), Need…?問句的肯定回答是用 must。 、動詞的形式小學(xué)階段學(xué)習(xí)的動詞形式主要有四種,即:動詞原形、動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式以及動詞的過去式。動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式1)一般直接在動詞詞尾加 - s, 例如: run - runs, play - plays, work - works等。2)以 - s,  - x,  - 0,  - sh,  - ch結(jié)尾的動詞, es, 例如: brush - brushes, go - goes, pass - passes, watch - watches 等。3)以輔音字母加 - y結(jié)尾的動詞,變yi再加 - es,例如:fly - flies,study - studies 等。4)個別不規(guī)則變化單詞,需要單獨記憶,例如:have - has等。 2.動詞現(xiàn)在分詞( - ing)的構(gòu)成1)一般直接在動詞的詞尾加 - ing, 例如: pick - picking, do - doing, sing -  singing 等。2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞, e再加 - ing, 例如: make - making, take - taking 等。3)末尾是重讀閉音節(jié), 且以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞, 將詞尾的輔音字母雙 , 再加 - ing, 例如: dig - digging, swim - swimming, run - running, skip - skipping 等。 3.動詞過去式的構(gòu)成1)一般情況下, 直接在動詞的詞尾加 - ed, 例如: play - played, clean - cleaned 等。2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加 - d, 例如: hope - hoped, arrive - arrived 等。3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,變yi,再加 - ed,例如:cry - cried,study - studied 等。4)末尾是重讀閉音節(jié),且以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞,將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫, 再加 - ed, 例如: stop - stopped, mop - mopped 等。5)另有一些不規(guī)則變化需特別記憶,例如:have - had,say - said。                            練習(xí)一、照樣子寫出動詞的三種形式。: walk    walks         walking       walked001. use     _________       _________     _________002. put    _________       _________     _________003. cry   _________       _________     _________004. play   _________       _________     _________005. see   _________       _________     _________006. give   _________       _________     _________007. pick   _________       _________     _________008. know   _________       _________     _________009. have   _________       _________     _________010. fly   _________       _________     _________011. grow   _________       _________     _________012. eat   _________       _________     _________013. open   _________       _________     _________014. make   _________       _________     _________015. lay   _________       _________     _________016. sit   _________       _________     _________017. read  _________       _________     _________018. hear   _________       _________     _________019. enjoy   _________       _________     _________020. say  _________       _________     _________ 二、be動詞的適當形式填空。021. This _________ Kitty's dog. It _________ black and white.022. That _________ Tom's uncle. His name _________ John.023. -- How _________ you?    -- I _________ fine, thank you.024. We _________ going to the park this Saturday.025. Those toys _________ for my cousin and sister.026. _________ your Chinese teacher and English teacher tall?027. Taste the lemon. It _________ sour.028. The number of her students _________ sixteen.029. -- How old _________ they?    -- They _________ ten years old.030. Alice and Sue _________ good friends. 三、用助動詞 do will 的適當形式填空。031. -- What _________ your sister _________ ?    -- She is a nurse.032. -- Do you like to play football?     -- Yes. I _________.033. Jim, _________ look out of the window in class.034. Tomorrow is Sunday. We _________ have a picnic in the park.035. -- _________ Tom and Tina often make fruit salad?  -- No, they _________.036. I _________ my homework after supper last night.037. _________ you play video games with your friend last weekend?038. _________ your mother wash dishes after dinner every day?039. -- What _________ you do this evening?   -- I _________ take a walk with my parents in the garden.040. It _________ be rainy tomorrow. 四、用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。041. A: I'm hungry. _________ I have some French fries?B: No, you'd better have some bread. It's good for your health.A: Thank you, mum.042 - 043. A: _________ I finish the work before 11 o'clock?B: Yes, you _________ . Hurry up, please.A: OK, I will.044 - 045. A: _________ your father dive in the river?B: Yes, he _________ . He's a diver.A: Wow, he's super.046 - 047. Students _________ shout in class. And they _________ follow the schoolrules.048 - 050. A: _________ I clean my room now, Mum?B: No, you _________ . You _________ do it later. 五、英漢互譯。051.在城堡里 ____________________________________052. learn a lot about robots ____________________________________053.來花園玩 ____________________________________054. give him a surprise ____________________________________055.感到既寒冷又傷心 ____________________________________056. no one hurts ____________________________________056. no one hurts ____________________________________057.推倒城墻 ____________________________________058. move the furniture ____________________________________059.和我的朋友在網(wǎng)上聊天 ____________________________________060. help plants grow ____________________________________060. help plants grow ____________________________________061.端午節(jié) ____________________________________062. be careful ____________________________________063.品嘗一下這個大橘子 ____________________________________064. an interesting insect ____________________________________065.在科技博物館 ____________________________________066. on Wednesday afternoon ____________________________________066. on Wednesday afternoon ____________________________________ 六、用所給動詞適當形式填空。067. My cousin can _________ (ride) a bicycle very well.068. My grandmother often _________ (cook) vegetables in a big pan, but she _________ _________ (cook) meat in a small pan yesterday evening.069. The students of Class Two, Grade Five usually _________ (eat) fast food once a month.070. -- Where is Peter?  -- He _________ (water) the flowers with his grandfather in the garden.071. Mr. White _________ (have) dinner with us last night, but he _________ (not have) dinner with us tonight.072. Look, the children _________ (skip) in the playground. They like _________ (skip) very much. Let's _________ (join) them, shall we?073. Lucy's father _________ (not do) any washing after supper. He always _________ (smoke) outside.74. Tom usually _________ (eat) out at weekends. But he _________ (not eat) out last weekend.075. It's getting dark. It's time _________ (go) home. 七、選擇填空。(   )076. -- Do you _________ the work?  - It is difficult but I like it.A. enjoying   B. to enjoy   C. enjoy(   )077. -- How often _________ your father go on an outing?  -- Once a month.A. is     B. do    C. does(   )078. The Lis are _________ for a trip this summer.A. going    B. to go    C. goes(   )079. After _________ your homework, you can _________ ball games.A. finish; play   B. finishing; play  C. to finish: play(   )080. Let's _________ the Internet, shall we?A. surf    B. to surf    C. surfing(   )081. -- It's made of pork.    -- _________ nice.A. Sounds    B. Sound    C. It's sound(   )082. -- When does May dance every day?    -- She _________ it every day.A. dances    B. do    C. does(   )083. -- Must I do my homework now?           -- No, you _________. But you must _________ it before eight o'clock.A. needn't; finish  B. must; finishing  C. can't; finish(   )084. Why not _________ after school?A. playing sports  B. play sports   C. to play sports(   )085. We'd like _________ basketball _________ P. E. lessons.A. play; on    B. to play; in   C. playing;in(   )086. When _________ the sports meet _________ ?A. do; begin   B. is; begin   C. did;begin(   )087. I _________ jogging before. Now I am interested in _________.A. enjoy; swimming  B. enjoyed; to swim  C. enjoyed; swimming(   )088. Just now our teacher _________ us that the earth _________ around the sun.A. tells; goes   B. told; went   C. told; goes(   )089. We _________ Beijing this summer holiday.A. will visit   B. is visiting   C. visited 八、改正下列句子中的錯誤。090. Listen, the wind blowing hard.    __________________________________________________________________091. The classmates of Class Two visit the Shanghai Museum yesterday afternoon.    __________________________________________________________________092. Let's to wash dishes together.    __________________________________________________________________093. The hamburgers tastes delicious.    __________________________________________________________________094. The weatherman says it will rainy tomorrow afternoon.    __________________________________________________________________ 九、根據(jù)中文提示,完成下列句子。095. Mingming _________________對彈吉他感興趣at his young age. He wanted __________________(學(xué)習(xí)彈吉他).096.This is __________________ (一張我們學(xué)校樂隊的表格)  097. The students __________________ (開運動會) in the playground now. I will take part in (參加) __________________ (足球比賽).098. Sandy will __________________ (把握機會) to take part in the race.099. __________________ (我們的音樂老師)will __________________ (在音樂方面幫助我們).100. I go to __________________ (上海大劇院) __________________ (一月一.       

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