小升初英語語法專項講解+練習學案：介詞（含答案）-試卷下載-教習網

小升初語言知識運用介詞介詞是一種虛詞，必須與名詞、代詞、動名詞、形容詞、數詞、動詞等一起構成句子成分。介詞能表示“時間、地點、方位、方式、手段”等含義，也能與名詞、動詞、形容詞等構成成千上萬的搭配形式，其中有很多搭配要靈活運用，也有許多常用的固定搭配要熟記于心。一、表示時間的介詞1.用at的時間短語（1）具體時刻: at 7o'clock在七點鐘  at 9:15在九點一刻（2）用餐時間: at lunch time 在午餐時間 at tea break 在茶點休息時間（3）節(jié)日: at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié) at Easter 在復活節(jié)（4）年齡: at ten / at the age of ten10歲時（5）其他時間: at noon 在正午 at night/midnight 在夜間/午夜at that time 在那時 at (on) weekends 在周末 2.用on的時間短語（主要表示具體某一天，包括某一天的上午、下午或晚上）（1）星期幾: on Thursday 在星期四星期幾的上午/下午/晚上: on Sunday afternoon 在星期天下午（2）日期: on May 21st 在五月二十一日日期的上午/下午/晚上: on the morning of January 22nd 在一月二十二日的上午（3）節(jié)日: on Children's Day 在兒童節(jié) 3.用in的時間短語（1）泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上: in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/ 下午/晚上（2）月份: in September 在九月份（3）年份: in2010在2010年（4）季節(jié): inspring/summer/autumn/winter在春/夏/秋/冬季（5）*年齡: inhertwenties在她二十多歲時inhisfifties在他五十多歲時 4. before, after, inbefore 表示在某一時間或某件事情之前； after 表示在某一時間或某件事情之后；in+一段時間:表示一段時間之后，用于將來時，例如:I always brush my teeth before going to bed. 我睡覺前總是刷牙。My grandma often takes a walk after supper. 我奶奶經常在晚飯后散步。My uncle will come to my home in two days. 我叔叔兩天后要來我家。典型例題(1) (　　　)I was born _________ November15th, 2002.A. in    B. on   C. at正確答案B解題思路 November 15th，2002表示2002年11月15日，是具體某一天，應該用介詞 on。 (2) (　　　) _________ a cold winter morning, a farmer went to the farm alone.A. In   B. At   C. On正確答案 C解題思路 a winter morning 表示“一個寒冷的冬天的早晨”，是具體某一天的早晨，應該用介詞 on。二、表示空間和方位的介詞1. at , inat 用于建筑物、機場、車站等較小范圍的地點；in 用于國家、城市等較大范圍的地點，例如:at home 在家    at school 在學校    at the sports meet 在運動會上at the party 在晚會上 at the airport 在機場  at the railway station 在火車站 at the bus stop 在汽車站 in the world 在世界上   in America 在美國 in our city 在我們的城市里注意: 當同一場所被看為一個地點，不強調在空間時用at；當強調其內在的空間時用 in，例如:Let's meet at Wanda Cinema. 我們在萬達電影院見面吧。There are 1, 000 seats in Wanda Cinema. 萬達電影院內有一千個座位。典型例題(　　　) My father will arrive _________ Beijing the day after tomorrow.A. at   B. in    C. to正確答案B解題思路詞組 arrive in/at都是“到達”的意思，arrive in 表示到達較大的地方（例如城市、國家等）， arrive at 表示到達的是較小的地方（例如學校、機場等）， Beijing是大地方，所以應該用 arrive in。2. on, above, over, below, underon 表示“在…上面”，有接觸面，例如:The bowls are on the table. 碗在桌子上。above 表示“在…上方”，不接觸，但不強調是否垂直，例如:There are some birds flying above the tree. 樹的上空有一些小鳥在飛。over 表示“在…正上方”，不接觸，垂直，例如:There is a bridge over the river. 河上方有座橋。below 表示“在…下方”，不接觸，但不強調垂直，例如:There is a street below my windows. 在我的窗下有一條街。under 表示“在…的下面”，不接觸，但垂直，例如:There is a football under the desk. 書桌下面有一只足球。注意: above 與 below 相對, over 與 under 相對。典型例題(1) Please sign your name _________ the line. (under, below)正確答案 below解題思路 below 指緊挨著物體的下面，而 under 指物體的下方。該題的意思是“請在線的下面簽字”，所以選 below。 (2) Balloons are flying _________ the town. (on, over)正確答案 over解題思路 over 是指上方，上空，無接觸面，而 on 是指在…的上面，有接觸面。該題的意思是“氣球在小鎮(zhèn)的上空飛過”，所以選 over。 3. at, by, beside, next, nearat, by, beside 均表示"在…旁邊";next to 表示“緊靠…的旁邊”；near 表示“在…的附近”，例如:She sat down at the table and drank the coffee. 她在桌邊坐下后喝咖啡。She sat by her mother. 她靠著她媽媽坐下。He put the umbrella beside the door. 他把傘放在門邊。The music room is next to our classroom. 音樂教室在我們教室的隔壁。There is a supermarket near my home. 我家附近有一家超市。典型例題(　　　) I often do my homework _________ the desk in my room.A. on    B. at     C. by正確答案 B解題思路該題的意思是“我經常在我房間的桌邊做作業(yè)。at the desk 就是坐在桌邊，兩手趴在桌子上的姿勢。[來源:學+科+網]4. between, amongbetween 和 among 都表示"在…之間", between 表示"在兩者之間", among表示“在三者或三者以上的中間”，例如:He stood between his two brothers. 他站在他兩個哥哥的中間。He sat among his toys. 他坐在他的玩具中間。 5. in, toin 表示某事物或某地在一個區(qū)域內；to 表示某事物或某地相對于另一事物或地方的位置，例如: Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國的東面。注意: in 和 on 的區(qū)別，請對比:（1）There is a photo on the newspaper. 表示照片在報紙的上方。(照片不是報紙的內容)（2）There is a photo in the newspaper. 表示報紙上有張照片。(照片是報紙的內容) 典型例題(1)There is a bird _________ the tree. (in, on)正確答案 in解題思路該題的意思是“樹上有只鳥”，鳥本來不在樹上，是后來飛上去的，應用 in。 (2) There is an apple _________ the tree. (in, on)正確答案 on解題思路該題的意思是“樹上有只蘋果”，這蘋果長在樹上，應用 on。 6. in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示在某一空間外部的前面, 反義詞為 behind;in the front of 表示在某一空間內部的前面, 反義詞為 at the back of, 例如:Don't stand in front of the bus. 不要站在公交車的前面。Don't sit in the front of the bus. 不要坐在公交車的前排。 7. across, throughacross 和 through 都表示"穿過",across 指在表面穿過, 例如: walk across the road 穿過馬路swim across the river 游過河through 指在里面穿過, 例如: go through the tunnel 穿過隧道三、表示手段和材料的介詞1. by 表示用某種方式，多用于交通例如: Lucy always goes to school by car. 露西總是乘小汽車去上學。We often keep in touch by e - mail. 我們經常通過電子郵件保持聯(lián)系。注意: 表示搭乘交通工具時, 用by時不用冠詞, 如: by bus/train/plane/ship/bike …乘公共汽車/火車/飛機/輪船/自行車等。用 in 時要用冠詞，如: I went there by bus/in a bus. 我坐公共汽車去那里。 2. on 表示“以…方式”，多用于固定詞組   例如: They talked on the telephone. 他們通過電話交談。She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通過收音機/電視學英語。 3. with 表示用某種工具例如: I often do my homework with a ball pen. 我經常用圓珠筆寫作業(yè)。He broke the window with a stone. 他用石頭把窗戶玻璃砸破了。注意: with表示用某種工具時，必須用冠詞或物主代詞。 4. in 表示用某種材料、語言或穿…顏色的衣服例如: She wrote the letter in ink. 她用鋼筆寫這封信的。They talk in English. 他們用英語交談。The boy in black is our monitor. 穿黑衣服的男孩是我們的班長。注意: in指用材料，不用冠詞；而 with 指用工具，要用冠詞。例如:用鉛筆畫畫可以說 draw in pencil 或 draw with a pencil。 of, from:都表示某種材料制成，但是使用 of 表示成品仍可看出原料，使用 from 表示成品已看不出原料例如: The box is made of wood. 這個盒子是由木頭制成的。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄釀成的。典型例題(1) (　　　)Please fill in the form _________ pen first.A. in    B. with    C. by正確答案 A解題思路 pen 前面沒有冠詞或物主代詞，那么就應該選 in，這句話的意思是 “請先用鋼筆填寫這張表格”。 (2) (　　　)Paper is made _________ wood.A. of    B. on    C. from正確答案C解題思路這句話的意思是“紙是由木頭做成的”，紙已看不出木頭這種材料，所以應選 from。四、常用的介詞固定搭配1. about:
what about/how about 怎么樣worry about 擔心walk about 四處走走a story/movie about 關于…的故事/電影
2. after:
after school 放學后  after class 下課后look after 照顧  day after day 日復一日year after year 年復一年  go/run after 追趕after all 終究, 畢竟
3. at:
at home 在家  at school 在校at work 在工作時  at the foot of 在…的腳下at the bottom of 在…的底部  at the beginning of 在…開始at the end of 在…結束時  at once 立刻(not) at all 根本（不），完全（不）  look at 看laugh at 嘲笑  smile at 對…微笑throw at 扔向  shout at 向…喊be good at sth. /doing sth. 擅長于…be bad/poor at sth. /doing sth. 不擅長于…
4. around:
walk around sth. 繞著…走show sb. around 帶某人參觀某地 around the country 全國 around the world 全世界
5. before: the day before yesterday 前天6. by:
pass by 路過, 經過  by the end of 到…末為止by the way 順便說一下  day by day 一天一天地little by little/bit by bit 一點一點地 by mistake 出錯
7. for:
for a while 一會兒  for example 例如for the first time 第一次  for the last time 最后一次buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物  make sth. for sb. 為某人做某物be good for 對…有好處  be bad for 對…不好be famous for 以…聞名  be/get ready for 為…作準備be late for 遲到be/feel sorry for 對…感到遺憾/抱歉look for 尋找  wait for 等待pay for 支付  [來源:學,科,網]leave for 出發(fā)去某地go for a walk 去散步  go for a picnic 去野餐It's time for … 到了…的時間
8. from: [來源:學科網ZXXK]
be far from 遠離  be different from 不同于from door to door 挨家挨戶  from time to time 時不時, 有時from Monday to Friday 從周一到周五from now on 從現在起  come from 來自take away … from 從…拿走learn from 向…學習  borrow … from 從…借be made from 由…制成(看不見原材料)be absent from 缺席
9. in:
in a line 排成一列  in three rows 成三行in a hurry 匆忙中  in a minute 很快, 馬上in time 及時  in no time 立刻, 馬上in fact 事實上  in/on the street 在街上in the middle of 在…的當中in the east/west/south/north 在東/西/南/北方in all 總共  in danger 處于危險中in trouble 有麻煩  in difficulty 困難中be interested in 對…感興趣  do well in 在…方面做得好
10. like:
look like 看起來像  sound like 聽起來像feel like 摸上去像  seem like 看上去像just like 就像[來源:Zxxk.Com]
be like: What's sb. /sth. like? 某人/某物怎么樣?What's the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣?11. of:
a group of 一群  a kind of 一種a lot of/lots of 許多  plenty of 許多one of…其中之一  of course 當然be full of sth. 充滿  be afraid of 害怕…be fond of 喜歡be made of 由…制成（看得見原材料）take care of 照顧 hear of 聽說
12. on:
on the right/left 在右/左邊  on time 準時on foot 步行  on business 出差on one's way to 在某人去…的路a book on India 一本關于印度的書 put on 穿上 try on 試穿 get on 上(車)turn on 打開  switch on 打開be on 上映，上演on duty 值班, 值日and so on 等等
13. off:
take off 脫下  jump off 跳下fall off 從…掉下來  get off 下(車)turn off 關掉  switch off 關掉
14. out of:
come out of 從…里出來get out of the car 下車(從小汽車里出去)look out of the window 看窗外 take sth. out of 從…拿出某物
15. to:
be kind/friendly to sb. 對某人友好 be close to 靠近 go to school 上學 go to work 上班go to bed 睡覺  have to do sth. 不得不做某事back to back 背靠背  face to face 面對面the answer to the problem 題目的答案 the key to the door 門的鑰匙 from … to … 從…到…in order to do sth. 為了…too … to … 太…以至于不能… look forward to sth. 盼望某事
16. with:
make friends with 與…交朋友 play with 與…玩 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事 be busy with 忙于 get along with 與…相處with a smile 帶著微笑  quarrel with 與…吵架fight with 與…打架  be familiar with 對…熟悉be covered with 覆蓋著  be filled with 充滿be satisfied with 對…感到滿意
What's wrong with you? What's wrong with you? /What's the matter with you? 你怎么了?How is everything going with you? 你最近怎么樣?                練習一、根據句意，填入合適的介詞。1. I was _________ the grocer's yesterday.2. There's a big picture _________ the wall.3. The boy is walking _________ the street.4. My uncle lives _________ the USA.5. She's coming out _________ the shop.6. The 6th is _________ the 5th and 7th.7. It's 7: 00. John went _________ the kitchen and took some food for breakfast.8. John was at school _________ Monday.9. Look, the cat is jumping _________ the wall.10. Our friends arrived _________ ten o’clock last night. 二、選擇正確的介詞或介詞詞組填空，每詞只能使用一次。at, in, on, above, over, below, under, by, near, beside, behind, in front of, in the front of, between, among 1. Look, there are some birds singing _________ the tree.2. Mary and May are drawing pictures _________ the tree.3. It's cold. Please come and sit _________ the fire.4. Please sign your name _________ the line.5. Balloons are flying _________ the town.6. Mrs. Brown often does some shopping _________ Saturday afternoon.7. Miss Green is sitting _________ the students of Class Three.8. I am taller than Jim, so I sit _________ him.9. The cinema is _________ here. Let's walk there.10. There is a bookshelf _________ the desk.11. It's seven in the evening. The Browns are having dinner _________ the table.12. Our teacher is standing _________ the classroom. He is speaking to us.13. Don't stand _________ the car. It’s dangerous.14. The mountain is over 4, 000 meters _________ sea level.15. There is a bench _________ the two trees. 三、用in, behind, on, with, for, beside填空。1. There is a supermarket _________ my home.2. I am going to Century Park _________ my classmates this Saturday.3. This bottle of orange juice is _________ my cousin.4. Kitty and his father often go for a picnic _________ spring.5. We are going to Hangzhou _________ the third of October.6. John is my deskmate. He is sitting _________ me.7. -- Is this gift _________ me? -- No. Your gift is _________ the box. Open it. 四、漢譯英。[來源:學科網ZXXK]
1. 穿藍色衣服的女孩 __________________ 2. 在四年級 __________________3. 在火車站 __________________  4. 在第八頻道 __________________5. 擅長跳舞 __________________  6. 關于這部電影 __________________7. 在他去上學的路上 __________________ 8. 在中國的南部 __________________9. 打開電視 __________________  10. 關燈 __________________11. 上公共汽車 __________________  12. 下公共汽車 __________________13. 總共 __________________  14. 過馬路 __________________15. 來自美國 __________________  16. 事實上 __________________17. 準時 __________________  18. 題目的答案 __________________
五、選擇填空。(　　　)1. Don't take the magazines _________ the reading room.A. out   B. at    C. out of(　　　)2. Welcome _________ Shanghai!A. in    B. to    C. at(　　　)3. I always go to school _________ foot.A. on    B. in    C. to(　　　)4. Please write _________ me about your family.A. with   B. to    C. from(　　　)5. We will play football _________ Class One.A. to    B. and   C. against(　　　)6. I often play the piano _________ Sunday morningA. in    B. on   C. at(　　　)7. I was glad to see you _________ TV.A. on    B. in    C. at(　　　)8. There is a picture _________ my school on the wall.A. of    B. for   C. to(　　　)9. "You are a good child, "My mother said _________ a smile.A. with   B. for   C. at(　　　)10. I am interested _________ drawing pictures.A. in    B. to    C. from(　　　)11. Ten years later, small trees grew _________ big treesA. up    B. into   C. in(　　　)12. My uncle took me _________ the funfair last Sunday.A. to    B. in    C. for(　　　)13. It's too noisy. Please turn _________ the TV.A. off    B. up   C. on(　　　)14. Dennis was late _________ school, because he was sick.A. with   B. for   C. off(　　　)15. Do you often write notes _________ your mum when you are out?A. off    B. to    C. for(　　　)16. I received a beautiful doll _________ a birthday gift.A. as    B. to    C. for(　　　)17. The high temperature will go _________ from 15 to 4 degrees this afternoon.A. up    B. to    C. down(　　　)18. The sun gives _________ light and heat.A. out   B. off   C. of(　　　)19. It's very kind _________ you. Thank you very much.A. of    B. for   C. to(　　　)20. We can see a lot of stars in the sky _________ the summer night.A. at    B. in    C. on 六、根據括號內的提示完成下列句子。1. He _________（來自北京）.2. Harbin is _________（在中國的北部）.3. -- What's the weather like in Shanghai?   -- It's warm _________ (在春天).4. _________ (五班的男孩) are playing football in the playground.5. We can see many butterflies flying _________ (花叢中).6. _________ (順便說一下), I'll come back late tonight.7. My father will go to USA _________ (乘飛機).8. It's cold outside. _________ (穿上) your thick coat.9. It's 12 o'clock. It's _________ (該吃午飯了)10. You look pale. _________ (你怎么了)? 七、閱讀短文，填入適當的介詞，使文章通順。Mary is my good friend. She is _________ (1) Beijing. Now she studies _________ (2) Red Star Primary School _________ (3) Shanghai. She is a model student. She's clever and helpful. She is friendly _________ (4) me. She always smiles _________ (5) me. She is good _________ (6) English and maths. And she often helps me _________ (7)my lessons. She has many hobbies. She likes painting and drawing. And she likes to listen _________ (8) the music. _________ (9) school we often go home together. At weekends I play _________ (10) her. Mary is the best friend of mine. 八、閱讀短文，根據所給提示填空，使文章意思通順。Tom is a worker (1) _________ (在一個大商店里). He doesn't work (2) _________ (在上午). He only works (3) _________ (在夜里). Every morning he (4) _________ (回家)at about half past six. He has breakfast (5) _________ (在七點). (6) _________ (早飯后) he (7) _________ (睡覺). He (8) _________(起床)at about half past two. He has lunch (9) _________ (在二點四十五分) and supper at twenty to eight. Then he goes to work at a quarter past eight. He starts work at nine. He(10) _________ (照看) the store every night. He likes his work very much.

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