
?2022-2023學年河南省南陽市六校高二(下)期中英語試卷
一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)
A
Best Theatres in London
Sondheim Theatre
Established in 1907,it's been one of the most popular theatres in London that house brilliant and notable plays,one of which is Les Miserables that has been continuously performed there up until now.Aside from the remarkable theatre,there're four bars inside.
51 Shaftesbury Ave,Soho,London W1 D 6 BA
www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk
Lyceum Theatre
Dating back to as early as 1765,it's been hosting different activities over the years and has been closed and re-opened several times.It's been the home of Disney's The Lion King for over 18 years.Aside from the main theatre,it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar,toilets and WiFi,as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.
21 Wellington St,Covent Garden,London WC2 E 7 RQ
www.thelyceumtheatre.com
Prince Edward Theatre
Built in 1929,it's home to some of the most notable plays and performances in the history of London theatre,like Peter Pan,Jersey Boys,and Anything Goes.Disabled-friendly,it has several facilities to ensure the safety and comfort of all people with disabilities.It also has 5 bars to choose from.
Old Compton St,Soho,London W1 D 4 HS
www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk
Shakespeare's Globe
It's a cultural landmark and premier theatre that is known all around the world.An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics.Aside from different plays and performances,it also offers workshops,storytelling sessions and story tours that everyone would love.A good place for the whole family,it has loads of activities that both children and adults would enjoy.
21 New Globe Walk,London SE1 9 DT
www.shakespearesglobe.com
1. Where can a person buy official theatre goods? ______
A. At Sondheim Theatre. B. At Lyceum Theatre.
C. At Prince Edward Theatre. D. At Shakespeare's Globe.
2. Which website can you visit if you want to learn more about classic plays in the open air? ______
A. www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk. B. www.thelyceumtheatre.com.
C. www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk. D. www.shakespearesglobe.com.
3. Where does this text most probably come from? ______
A. A guidebook. B. A science report.
C. A storybook. D. A fashion magazine.
B
In the coastal place of Gaza,groups of Palestinian women and men are getting seated for a course that enables them to learn professional cooking and serving skills.
Established in 2017,the school called Smile Kitchen is the first-ever one of such kind in Gaza.Specializing in teaching culinary(烹飪)arts,it has become a brand with hundreds of graduates.The initial intention of the founders Ahmed Taha and his wife was to teach youngsters how to cook at home with natural and organic ingredients(食材).But as the number of applicants rose,they decided to take further steps.
"In the first year,there were about 750 trainees who participated in the workshops provided by the school, "said the 42-year-old father of five. "Now,more than 3,500 students have joined our school,where they learn how to cook various kinds of international and Arab dishes." Once they graduate,some join local restaurants,some work for international restaurants outside Gaza,and some start their own businesses.
"Cooking has been my hobby since I was a teenager, "said Manal al-Khatib,a Gazan woman. "Therefore,I come here to learn more about this field,especially about the international varieties of sweets and cake, "the 38-year-old mother of four said. "I had tried to make delicious sponge cakes several times,but unfortunately,all my attempts failed.This school has taught me how to improve my skills."
Having graduated from the school,al-Khatib is planning to launch her own business and market the products through social media. "By using available tools at home,I can make sponge cakes,take photos,and post them on Facebook to attract customers, "the woman said,adding that she would make some money to cover the daily expenses of the family.
In addition to helping the students seek job opportunities,the school has provided them with the opportunity to be part of the competitions on cooking. "In 2020,four of our students managed to win five medals,including silver and bronze ones,in a competition held in Dubai, "Taha said.
4. Why did Ahmed Taha and his wife set up Smile Kitchen at the beginning? ______
A. To earn as much money as possible.
B. To teach the young to cook at home.
C. To create their own brand in cooking.
D. To establish Gaza's first cooking school.
5. What can be learned about Manal al-Khatib from paragraph 4? ______
A. She is a lady without a sweet tooth.
B. She came to Smile Kitchen just to earn a living.
C. She has been interested in cooking since she was young.
D. She gave up making sponge cakes after several failures.
6. What does Manal al-Khatib want to do after graduation? ______
A. Set up her own business.
B. Support her family on her own.
C. Prepare for a chef competition.
D. Become a trainer in a cooking school.
7. What is the future of the graduates of the school like? ______
A. Steady but narrow. B. Promising and hopeful.
C. Uncertain but satisfying. D. Challenging and changeable.
C
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimps(黑猩猩)have a more complex communication system than past research has shown.Chimps,along with bonobos,are the closest living relatives to humans.They're intelligent and highly social.They use more than ten kinds of calls that can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimps living in Ivory Coast's Ta?National Park.
Scientists have long known that chimps use different calls in the wild.But the new study offered a deeper understanding of their communication.
Cedric Girard-Buttoz was the leading author of the study that appeared in the publication Communications Biology.He said of the chimp calls, "It's not a language,but it's among the most complex forms of communication described in a non-human animal."
The call types included what researchers called a grunt,a panted grunt,a bark sound,a panted bark,a pant,a scream,a panted scream,a whimper,a panted roar,and so on.The researchers determined that these call types were used in 390 different orders.The order in which the chimps produced the calls appeared to follow rules,although the study didn't include ideas about any possible meanings.
The researchers want to learn whether the orders communicate wider meanings.They have suspicions about the possible meanings of some calls.
Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to explore in detail the situations surrounding these calls. "Playback(回放)experiments are needed, "he added. "Then we can find whether the suspected meaning matches the behavioral reaction of chimps when they hear the call."
The researchers are not sure if chimp vocal communication is similar to the beginnings of language in human evolutionary history.Humans and chimps share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago.
8. What can we learn about chimps from this text? ______
A. The calls they produce are in random orders.
B. They and humans share the same ancestor.
C. They show a preference for staying alone in the wild.
D. The way they communicate is the beginning of human language.
9. Which of the following may Girard-Buttoz agree with? ______
A. Chimp calls will develop into a language.
B. The orders of chimp calls convey wider meanings.
C. Their research team still has much work to do.
D. Chimp calls have about 390 different meanings.
10. What's the purpose of the playback experiments? ______
A. To understand chimps' strange behaviors.
B. To see what situations chimps are living in.
C. To figure out how chimps communicate with each other.
D. To see whether the suspected meanings of the calls are correct.
11. What does the text mainly talk about? ______
A. Chimps can make different calls.
B. Chimp calls are similar to human languages.
C. Chimps have a complicated communication system.
D. Chimp calls have different meanings in different situations.
D
It's obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays.Luckily,researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic.The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.
There have been several studies showing microorganisms can release enzymes(酶)that cause the plastic polyethylene(聚乙烯)to start to change.But that process takes a long time.The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva(唾液)of the wax worm moth.They appear to act in only a few hours.
Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding.She is also a beekeeper.Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms.Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey.She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag.When she returned,she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes,leading to the idea of the research.
"We checked that,doing proper lab experiments,and we found the polyethylene had been oxidized(氧化), "she said.
In her latest research,Bertocchini and her coworkers identified two enzymes in the worm's saliva.The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature.Bertocchini says her team is still trying to understand how the worms deal with the plastic.She adds,hopefully in the future,the enzymes can be used in homes,where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.
12. What does the underlined word "degrade" in paragraph 1 probably mean? ______
A. Break down. B. Bring forth. C. Compete with. D. Pick out.
13. What is the advantage of the recently-discovered enzymes? ______
A. They're easily available.
B. They can be produced at home.
C. They function very fast.
D. They can be applied to all plastics.
14. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? ______
A. How Bertocchini found the enzymes.
B. Why Bertocchini cleaned the honeycombs.
C. How Bertocchini took care of the honeycombs.
D. How Bertocchini came up with the idea of the research.
15. What does Bertocchini expect of the enzymes according to the text? ______
A. They will work at room temperature.
B. People can make them on their own.
C. They will solve all plastic pollution.
D. They will become a household product.
二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)
There are many factors that take our attention away from a task at hand.When you rapidly switch your focus from one thing to another,you are slicing your attention. (1) ______ Here are a few steps that will help you keep your attention on the task at hand.
"I am Here."
While reading a book or listening to someone speak,we get distracted by the slightest sound or movement,or our own thoughts. (2) ______ For example,say "I am here" to yourself when your attention moves away.This will bring your focus back to the present moment and to your work.
No-Check Time
( 3) ______ To improve the situation,fix a period of time—two or three hours—during which you will not check your phone or other gadgets.Don't worry about missing out on important communication:People can always call you or someone in your family in case of an emergency.
Mindful Me
Mindfulness means paying full attention to what is happening around you and what you are doing.When you get up in the morning,sit in a comfortable place and use your five senses to focus fully on your surroundings.Next,concentrate on the sounds around you.What kinds of smells can you identify?( 4) ______ If mindfulness becomes a part of your daily routine,it can bring calmness to even the toughest situations.
Attentive Listening
Listening is not only the most important part of communication,but also the most neglected one.As a rule,do not interrupt others while they are speaking.Acknowledge what they are saying and allow them to finish.This helps us focus better on the content of the conversation. (5) ______
A.It may bring about unintended mistakes.
B.Is the taste of tea,coffee or milk pleasant?
C.Attention is the capacity to focus on one thing while ignoring all others.
D.In this way,it also improves interpersonal connections.
E.Choose who and what you pay attention to very carefully.
F.Keep track of the number of times you check your phone.
G.To bring our attention back,it helps to associate a phrase with it.
16. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空(本大題共20小題,共30.0分)
In seconds,lunchtime could have become tragedy without quick action.
Garrett Brown is a third-grade student at Lakeview Elementary School.He and his friends were(1) ______ chicken nuggets(雞塊)when their classmate Cashton York started to choke. (2) ______ he couldn't breathe,his classmates rushed to(3) ______ a teacher about the urgent situation.
Music teacher Jordan Nguyen was(4) ______ that day.She remembered hearing a commotion(騷亂) and seeing the kids(5) ______ her,but by the time she reached Cashton's side,the (6) ______ was over.Garrett had leaped to his feet to help his friend instead of(7) ______ .
"Instead of shouting,he jumped to the other side of the table,went behind Cashton and(8) ______ the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法), " Jordan(9) ______ ." By the time I reached Cashton,the food had already been removed and he was(10) ______ ."
The shaken- up Cashton was taken to the school nurse,but he was(11) ______ .After his parents were(12) ______ ,the student returned to the cafeteria to get a new plate of nuggets!Meanwhile,Jordan and the other staff members were still in a state of(13) ______ .
"I was(14) ______ scared to know in a matter of(15) ______ my child could have choked to death on food, " Cashton's mother said." There are not enough words to express my(16) ______ for my son being saved."
Garrett explained that he'd once been choking and his dad(17) ______ him.His father then taught him how to save someone else if they are(18) ______ .
Jordan and the rest of the staff and students at the school thanked Garrett for his lifesaving action with a(19) ______ ceremony and " Hero Award " certificate.The Norman fire and police departments came to honor the hero,and both Garrett's parents were(20) ______ of their son.
21. ?A. enjoying B. selling C. washing D. cooking
22. ?A. Imagining B. Pretending C. Realizing D. Remembering
23. ?A. introduce B. challenge C. interview D. warn
24. ?A. occupied B. late C. on duty D. on business
25. ?A. running towards B. counting on
C. responding to D. smiling at
26. ?A. conversation B. emergency C. party D. activity
27. ?A. laughing B. panicking C. escaping D. searching
28. ?A. explained B. learned C. observed D. performed
29. ?A. reminded B. replayed C. recalled D. remarked
30. ?A. recovering B. suffering C. jumping D. rising
31. ?A. stressed B. weak C. sensitive D. fine
32. ?A. suspected B. informed C. persuaded D. recognized
33. ?A. satisfaction B. excitement C. shock D. confusion
34. ?A. exactly B. extremely C. partly D. barely
35. ?A. days B. hours C. weeks D. seconds
36. ?A. concern B. regret C. appreciation D. sympathy
37. ?A. rescued B. blamed C. understood D. ignored
38. ?A. beyond reach B. beyond description
C. in demand D. in trouble
39. ?A. necessary B. special C. similar D. national
40. ?A. proud B. careful C. certain D. fond
四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)
41. As is widely acknowledged,China can trace her history back thousands of years.Ancient (1) ______ ( dynasty) came and went,with each era(時期)( 2) ______ ( reflect) unique architectural feats.
At present,China is home to (3) ______ couple of modern architectural treasures.These include a hospital in Hong Kong that (4) ______ ( complete)last year.Other notable structures include the Shanghai Tower,the third (5) ______ ( tall) building in the world,and the Qinghai- Tibet railway.It is a high-elevation railway,( 6) ______ route includes a station in the Tanggula Mountains,which is the highest railway station in the world.
Another celebrated structure,the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong,was designed by renowned architect 1.M.Pei. (7) ______ ( it)triangular shape was inspired by bamboo shoots,symbolizing growth and hope.
Looking to the future,Chinese architects are exploring several possibilities,the concept of "sponge cities(海綿城市)" (8) ______ ( include).This innovation could help with the country's water (9) ______ ( short)by absorbing rainwater and turning it (10) ______ drinking water.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)
42. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:
(1)每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
(2)只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Last Sunday,I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents.First,I boil some water,but then I put some noodles into the pot.About five or six minutes late,I carefully placed it in the bowls and added some salt and oil.When my parents got up,they were surprised and praised me for big smiles.It was the first time that I had been cooked for them.That was a valuable experience,from what I got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenager,we have the responsibility to share some housework.Tired as the work might be,we can find value of labor and the joy of working.
六、書面表達(本大題共1小題,共25.0分)
43. 你校英文報正在進行主題為"合理上網(wǎng)"的征文,請你寫一篇短文投稿,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)合理上網(wǎng)的必要性;
(2)你對合理上網(wǎng)的建議。
注意:
(3)詞數(shù)100左右;
(4)可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Use the Internet Properly
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文Lyceum Theatre段Aside from the main theatre,it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar,toilets and WiFi,as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.(除了主劇院,它還有其他舒適的設(shè)施,如酒吧、廁所和WiFi,以及一家出售官方戲劇用品的商店)可知在Lyceum 劇院可以買到官方戲劇用品。故選B。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文Shakespeare's Globe段An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics(這是一家露天劇院,你可以在這里觀看莎士比亞著名文學經(jīng)典中最令人驚嘆的戲劇)可知如果你想了解更多關(guān)于露天經(jīng)典戲劇的信息,你可以訪問www.shakespearesglobe.com。故選D。
(3)文章出處題。介紹了倫敦的四家最佳劇院。可知這段文字最有可能來自一本指南。A.A?guidebook.一本指南;B.A?science?report.一份科學報告;C.A?storybook.一本故事書;D.A?fashion?magazine.一本時尚雜志。故選A。
本文是一篇應用文,介紹了倫敦的四家最佳劇院。
1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。
2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、B
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段The?initial?intention?of?the?founders?Ahmed?Taha?and?his?wife?was?to?teach?youngsters?how?to?cook?at?home?with?natural?and?organic?ingredients(食材).But?as?the?number?of?applicants?rose,they?decided?to?take?further?steps.(創(chuàng)始人艾哈邁德?塔哈和他的妻子最初的意圖是教年輕人如何在家里用天然和有機的食材做飯。但隨著申請人數(shù)的增加,他們決定采取進一步措施。)可知艾哈邁德?塔哈和他的妻子一開始就成立了微笑廚房是為了教年輕人在家做飯。故選B。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Cooking?has?been?my?hobby?since?I?was?a?teenager,?"said?Manal?al-Khatib,a?Gazan?woman.?("從我十幾歲起,烹飪就是我的愛好,"加沙婦女馬納爾?哈提卜(Manal al-Khatib)說。)可知從第4段可以了解到關(guān)于馬納勒?哈提卜從小就對烹飪感興趣。故選C。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Having?graduated?from?the?school,al-Khatib?is?planning?to?launch?her?own?business?and?market?the?products?through?social?media.?(從學校畢業(yè)后,al-Khatib計劃創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè),并通過社交媒體推銷產(chǎn)品。)可知哈提卜畢業(yè)后想創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)。故選A。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Once?they?graduate,some?join?local?restaurants,some?work?for?international?restaurants?outside?Gaza,and?some?start?their?own?businesses.(畢業(yè)后,一些人加入當?shù)夭宛^,一些人在加沙以外的國際餐館工作,還有一些人自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。)以及最后一段In?addition?to?helping?the?students?seek?job?opportunities,the?school?has?provided?them?with?the?opportunity?to?be?part?of?the?competitions?on?cooking.?"In?2020,four?of?our?students?managed?to?win?five?medals,including?silver?and?bronze?ones,in?a?competition?held?in?Dubai,?"Taha?said.(除了幫助學生尋找工作機會外,學校還為他們提供了參加烹飪比賽的機會。塔哈說:"2020年,我們的四名學生在迪拜舉行的比賽中贏得了五枚獎牌,包括銀牌和銅牌。")可知學校畢業(yè)生的未來是有前途且充滿希望的。故選 B。
本文是一篇說明文,在地中海岸城市加沙,很多人在一所叫做Smile Kitchen 的學校學習烹飪。創(chuàng)辦者Ahmed Taha和他的妻子一開始辦這所學校是想教年輕人在家用天然有機食材烹制菜肴,如今這所學校已經(jīng)成為了一個品牌。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋??忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
8~11.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Humans?and?chimps?share?a?common?ancestor?but?split?into?separate?evolutionary?families?perhaps?7?million?years?ago.(人類和黑猩猩有一個共同的祖先,但可能在700萬年前分裂成了不同的進化家族。)可知從這篇文章中我們能了解到黑猩猩和人類有著共同的祖先。故選B。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Girard-Buttoz?said?researchers?need?to?explore?in?detail?the?situations?surrounding?these?calls.(Girard-Buttoz說,研究人員需要詳細探索這些電話的情況。)可知Girard Buttoz認為他們的研究團隊還有很多工作要做。故選C。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Playback(回放)experiments?are?needed,?"he?added.?"Then?we?can?find?whether?the?suspected?meaning?matches?the?behavioral?reaction?of?chimps?when?they?hear?the?call."("回放實驗是必要的,"他補充說。"然后我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這些可疑的含義是否與黑猩猩聽到叫聲時的行為反應相符。")可知回放實驗的目的是看看這些電話的可疑含義是否正確。故選D。
(4)主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,以及根據(jù)文章的第一句Scientists?who?study?the?evolution?of?language?say?wild?chimps(黑猩猩)have?a?more?complex?communication?system?than?past?research?has?shown.(研究語言進化的科學家說,野生黑猩猩的交流系統(tǒng)比過去的研究顯示的要復雜得多。)表明該研究的發(fā)現(xiàn):黑猩猩有一套頗為復雜的交流系統(tǒng),其余段落圍繞該句展開解釋。所以本文主要介紹了一項研究的成果。故選C。
這是一篇說明文,主要講述了研究語言進化的科學家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系統(tǒng)比過去的研究顯示的更復雜。研究人員表示,這種動物會發(fā)出十多種叫聲,可以組合成數(shù)百種不同的叫聲。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋??忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D
【解析】(1)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子It's?obvious?that?plastic?pollution?is?a?big?problem?nowadays.Luckily,researchers?have?found?a?chemical?from?a?kind?of?worm?can? degrade?one?of?the?most?common?forms?of?plastic.The?finding?could?open?up?new?ways?to?deal?with?the?problem.(很明顯,塑料污染現(xiàn)在是一個大問題。幸運的是,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種蠕蟲體內(nèi)的化學物質(zhì)可以降解一種最常見的塑料。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能為解決這一問題開辟新的途徑。)以及第三段When?she?returned,she?found?the?bag?was?full?of?holes.All?this?made?her?wonder?if?the?worms?were?eating?the?plastic?or?if?there?was?a?chemical?reaction?that?caused?the?holes,leading?to?the?idea?of?the?research.(當她回來時,她發(fā)現(xiàn)袋子滿是洞。所有這些都讓她想知道,是蠕蟲在吃塑料,還是化學反應導致了這些洞,從而產(chǎn)生了這項研究的想法。)可知劃線詞意思是"分解"。A.Break?down.降解,分解;B.Bring?forth.拿出;C.Compete?with.與...競爭;D.Pick?out.挑選。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段The?recently-discovered?enzymes?were?found?in?the?saliva(唾液)of?the?wax?worm?moth.They?appear?to?act?in?only?a?few?hours.(最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的酶是在蠟蟲蛾的唾液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。他們似乎在幾個小時內(nèi)就行動了。)以及最后一段The?enzymes?appeared?to?break?down?polyethylene?in?only?a?few?hours?at?room?temperature.(在室溫下,這種酶似乎只需要幾個小時就能分解聚乙烯。)可知最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的酶的優(yōu)勢是它們的作用非???。故選C。
(3)段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段Federica?Bertocchini?is?one?of?the?researchers?who?helped?write?a?study?on?the?finding.She?is?also?a?beekeeper.Bertocchini?said?that?one?year?she?found?her?honeycombs?full?of?wax?worms.Honeycombs?are?built?by?bees?to?store?honey.She?cleaned?the?honeycombs?and?put?the?worms?in?a?plastic?bag.When?she?returned,she?found?the?bag?was?full?of?holes.All?this?made?her?wonder?if?the?worms?were?eating?the?plastic?or?if?there?was?a?chemical?reaction?that?caused?the?holes,leading?to?the?idea?of?the?research.(Federica Bertocchini是幫助撰寫關(guān)于這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的研究的研究人員之一。她也是一個養(yǎng)蜂人。Bertocchini說有一年她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的蜂巢里滿是蠟蟲。蜂房是蜜蜂建造來儲存蜂蜜的。她清洗了蜂巢,把蟲子放進一個塑料袋里。當她回來時,她發(fā)現(xiàn)袋子滿是洞。所有這些都讓她想知道,是蠕蟲在吃塑料,還是化學反應導致了這些洞,從而產(chǎn)生了這項研究的想法。)可知第3段主要告訴我們Bertocchini是如何提出這項研究的想法的。故選D。
(4)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段She?adds,hopefully?in?the?future,the?enzymes?can?be?used?in?homes,where?each?family?could?deal?with?their?own?plastic?waste.(她補充說,希望在未來,這種酶可以在家庭中使用,每個家庭都可以處理自己的塑料垃圾。)可知根據(jù)文章,Bertochini對酶的期望是希望它們將成為一種家用產(chǎn)品。故選D。
本文是一篇說明文,研究人員在一種蠕蟲的唾液中發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以使一些塑料降解的酶,而且其起效非???。對解決塑料污染而言,這無疑是個好消息。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋??忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
16~20.【答案】A、G、F、B、D
【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句(有很多因素會把我們的注意力從手頭的任務上轉(zhuǎn)移開。當你迅速將注意力從一件事轉(zhuǎn)移到另一件事時,你的注意力就被切斷了。)可知此處說的是注意力很容易就被切斷。所以A.It?may?bring?about?unintended?mistakes.(這可能會帶來意想不到的錯誤。)符合語境。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)下一句For?example,say?"I?am?here"?to?yourself?when?your?attention?moves?away.This?will?bring?your?focus?back?to?the?present?moment?and?to?your?work.(例如,當你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移時,對自己說"我在這里"。這會讓你的注意力回到當下和工作上。)可知此處說的是說一些話來加強自己的注意力。所以G.To?bring?our?attention?back,it?helps?to?associate?a?phrase?with?it.(為了引起我們的注意,將一個短語與之聯(lián)系起來會有所幫助。)符合語境。故選G。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)下一句To?improve?the?situation,fix?a?period?of?time—two?or?three?hours—during?which?you?will?not?check?your?phone?or?other?gadgets.(為了改善這種情況,你可以在兩三個小時內(nèi)不檢查手機或其他小工具。)可知此處說的是手機的問題。所以F.Keep?track?of?the?number?of?times?you?check?your?phone.(記錄你檢查手機的次數(shù)。)符合語境。故選F。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句Next,concentrate?on?the?sounds?around?you.What?kinds?of?smells?can?you?identify??(接下來,集中注意力聽周圍的聲音。你能識別出什么樣的氣味)可知此處說的是周圍的氣味。所以B.Is?the?taste?of?tea,coffee?or?milk?pleasant?(咖啡或牛奶的味道好嗎?)符合語境。故選B。
(5)推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句Listening?is?not?only?the?most?important?part?of?communication,but?also?the?most?neglected?one.As?a?rule,do?not?interrupt?others?while?they?are?speaking.Acknowledge?what?they?are?saying?and?allow?them?to?finish.This?helps?us?focus?better?on?the?content?of?the?conversation(傾聽不僅是溝通中最重要的部分,也是最被忽視的部分。通常,在別人說話時不要打斷他們。承認他們在說什么,讓他們說完。這有助于我們更好地關(guān)注對話的內(nèi)容。)可知此處說的是要好好傾聽。所以D.In?this?way,it?also?improves?interpersonal?connections.(通過這種方式,它還改善了人際關(guān)系。)符合語境。故選D。
本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了如何將注意力集中在手頭的任務上。
七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀,和完形填空很類似,不同的是一個選詞,一個選句子。解題時,要注意上下文語境,充分考慮信息詞(選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞),選出最符合語境的句子。
21~40.【答案】A、C、D、C、A、B、B、D、C、A、D、B、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、A
【解析】(1)考查動詞及語境理解。A.enjoying享受;B.selling賣;C.washing洗;D.cooking做飯。根據(jù)上文In?seconds,lunchtime?could?have?become?tragedy?without?quick?action.描述是午餐時分,所以應該是吃雞塊,且下文中的"the?student?returned?to?the?cafeteria?to?get?a?new?plate?of?nuggets"也是提示。故答案為A。
(2)考查動詞及語境理解。A.Imagining想象;B.Pretending假裝;C.Realizing意識到,實現(xiàn);D.Remembering記住。根據(jù)下句he?couldn't?breathe可知意識到Cashton無法呼吸,他的同學們奔跑著通知老師這個緊急情況。故答案為C。
(3)考查動詞及語境理解。A.introduce介紹;B.challenge挑戰(zhàn);C.interview采訪;D.warn警告。他的同學們奔跑著通知老師這個緊急情況。此處warn?sb.about?sth.意為"提醒某人注意某事"。故答案為D。
(4)考查動詞/形容詞/固定短語及語境理解。A.occupied忙于...的,被占領(lǐng)的;B.late晚的;C.on duty值班;D.on business出差。根據(jù)常識及下文She?remembered?hearing?a?commotion(騷亂)?and?seeing?the?kids(5)her(因為情況比較緊急,她聽到一陣騷動,還看到孩子們朝她跑來。)可知,音樂老師Jordan?Nguyen那天剛好值班。故答案為C。
(5)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.running towards朝某處跑;B.counting on依靠;C.responding to回復;D.smiling at向某人笑。因為情況比較緊急,她聽到一陣騷動,還看到孩子們朝她跑來。故答案為A。
(6)考查名詞及語境理解。A.conversation對話;B.emergency緊急事件;C.party晚會;D.activity活動。根據(jù)前文?(2)he?couldn't?breathe,his?classmates?rushed?to(3)a?teacher?about?the?urgent?situation.(意識到Cashton無法呼吸,他的同學們奔跑著通知老師這個緊急情況。)可知當她到達Cashton?York身邊時,緊急情況已經(jīng)結(jié)束。故答案為B。
(7)考查動詞及語境理解。A.laughing大笑;B.panicking恐慌;C.escaping逃跑;D.searching尋找。根據(jù)空前Garrett?had?leaped?to?his?feet?to?help?his?friend?可知Garrett沒有恐慌,而是立刻跳出去幫忙。故答案為B。
(8)考查動詞及語境理解。A.explained解釋;B.learned學習;C.observed觀察;D.performed表演,實施。根據(jù)空后the?Heimlich?maneuver可知Garrett跳到餐桌的另外一邊,走到Cashton后面,開始實施海姆利克急救法。故答案為D。
(9)考查動詞及語境理解。A.reminded提醒;B.replayed重放;C.recalled回憶;D.remarked評論說。事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生,此處是音樂老師Jordan回憶當時的情況。故答案為C。
(10)考查動詞及語境理解。A.recovering恢復;B.suffering遭受;C.jumping跳;D.rising上升。根據(jù)上句By?the?time?I?reached?Cashton,the?food?had?already?been?removed可知當Jordan到達Cashton身邊的時候,食物已經(jīng)被除去了,說明他在恢復。故答案為A。
(11)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.stressed有壓力的;B.weak虛弱的;C.sensitive敏感的;D.fine好的。根據(jù)上句The?shaken-?up?Cashton?was?taken?to?the?school?nurse和but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,可知當Cashton被送到學校護士那里時,他渾身發(fā)抖,但是很健康。故答案為D。
(12)考查動詞及語境理解。A.suspected懷疑;B.informed告知;C.persuaded說服;D.recognized識別。根據(jù)常識可知Cashton?的父母被告知所發(fā)生事情的經(jīng)過。故答案為B。
(13)考查名詞及語境理解。A.satisfaction滿意;B.excitement興奮;C.shock驚訝;D.confusion困惑。與此同時,Jordan和其他工作人員仍然處于震驚狀態(tài)。故答案為C。
(14)考查副詞及語境理解。A.exactly準確地;B.extremely極其;C.partly部分地;D.barely僅僅。根據(jù)下句know?in?a?matter?of(15)my?child?could?have?choked?to?death?on?food可知Cashton的母親說:"幾秒鐘之內(nèi),我的孩子就可能被食物噎死,這真是太可怕了。"故答案為B。
(15)考查名詞及語境理解。A.days天;B.hours小時;C.weeks周;D.seconds秒。Cashton的母親說:"幾秒鐘之內(nèi),我的孩子就可能被食物噎死,這真是太可怕了。"此處指在短短幾秒鐘之內(nèi)。故答案為D。
(16)考查名詞及語境理解。A.concern關(guān)心;B.regret后悔;C.appreciation感激,欣賞;D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)常識可知Cashton的母親說:"沒有足夠的語言來表達我對孩子獲救的感激之情。"故答案為C。
(17)考查動詞及語境理解。A.rescued救;B.blamed指責;C.understood理解;D.ignored忽略。Garrett后來解釋說,他曾一度窒息,他的父親救了他。上下文多次出現(xiàn)的"save"是提示。故答案為A。
(18)考查固定短語及語境理解。A.beyond reach夠不著;B.beyond description無法描述;C.in demand需要;D.in trouble處于麻煩中。根據(jù)上句His?father?then?taught?him?how?to?save?someone?else可知然后,他的父親教他如何在別人需要幫助時拯救他們。故答案為D。
(19)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.necessary必須的;B.special特殊的;C.similar相似的;D.national國家的。Jordan和學校的其他教職員工和學生通過一場特別儀式和"英雄獎"證書感謝?Garrett?的救援行動。故答案為B。
(20)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.proud自豪的;B.careful小心的;C.certain特定的;D.fond喜歡的。根據(jù)上句The?Norman?fire?and?police?departments?came?to?honor?the?hero(諾曼消防和警察部門前來紀念這位英雄)可知Garrett的所作所為讓父母為他驕傲。故答案為A。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Lakeview小學三年級的學生Garrett?Brown在午餐時分用海姆利克急救法救下了同學的故事。
完形填空題的解題步驟:
1.通讀全文,理解大意。重視首句信息,跳過空格,瀏覽全文,從整體上感知全文,理解文章大意,這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。
2.瞻前顧后,避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下,結(jié)合各選項的意義和用法,遵循先易后難的原則,先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題,暫時跳過,或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示,或許一個在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。
3.復讀全文,解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補全的空格,對全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。
4.再次復讀,彌補疏漏,全部做好后,務必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容,確保全文文意連貫。
41.【答案】【小題1】dynasties
【小題2】reflecting
【小題3】a
【小題4】was completed
【小題5】tallest
【小題6】a
【小題7】Its
【小題8】included
【小題9】shortage
【小題10】into
【解析】(1)考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意:古代王朝來了又去,每個時代都反映出獨特的建筑技藝。dynasty為可數(shù)名詞,所以用名詞復數(shù)表示不止一個,故填dynasties。
(2)考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:古代王朝來了又去,每個時代都反映出獨特的建筑技藝。reflect和句子主語之間是主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,故填reflecting。
(3)考冠詞查。句意:目前,中國擁有幾座現(xiàn)代建筑瑰寶。a couple of"幾個",為固定搭配,故填a。
(4)考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:其中包括去年在香港建成的一家醫(yī)院。complete和句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)時間狀語last year,可知描述過去的事情,所以用一般過去時態(tài),主語that指代的先行詞為名詞單數(shù)hospital,所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù),故填was completed。
(5)考查形容詞最高級。句意:其他著名的建筑包括世界第三高樓上海中心大廈和青藏鐵路。前面有序數(shù)詞和定冠詞,所以用形容詞最高級作定語,故填tallest。
(6)考查冠詞。句意:這是一條高海拔鐵路,路線包括唐古拉山中的一個車站,這是世界上最高的火車站。泛指一個,所以用不定冠詞,route是以輔音音素開頭的,故填a。
(7)考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意:它的三角形形狀的靈感來自竹筍,象征著成長和希望。放在名詞前面,所以用形容詞性物主代詞,句首單詞首字母大寫,故填I(lǐng)ts。
(8)考查過去分詞。句意:展望未來,中國建筑師正在探索幾種可能性,包括"海綿城市"的概念,這種創(chuàng)新可以通過吸收雨水并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為飲用水來幫助解決國家的水資源短缺問題。include和它的邏輯主語the?concept?of?"sponge?cities之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),故填included。
(9)考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:展望未來,中國建筑師正在探索幾種可能性,包括"海綿城市"的概念,這種創(chuàng)新可以通過吸收雨水并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為飲用水來幫助解決國家的水資源短缺問題。作介詞的賓語,所以用名詞shortage,為不可數(shù)名詞,故填shortage。
(10)考查介詞。句意:展望未來,中國建筑師正在探索幾種可能性,包括"海綿城市"的概念,這種創(chuàng)新可以通過吸收雨水并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為飲用水來幫助解決國家的水資源短缺問題。turn...into"把……變成",為固定搭配,故填into。
這是一篇說明文。眾所周知,中國的歷史可以追溯到幾千年前。古代王朝來了又去,每個時代都反映出獨特的建筑技藝。本文主要介紹了幾座現(xiàn)代建筑瑰寶。
做本題的關(guān)鍵是在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上,靈活運用所學的基礎(chǔ)知識。本類型的題目??嫉降闹R點有:固定的短語,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,名詞的復數(shù)形式,副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此,這就需要在平時的學習中,牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
42.【答案】Last?Sunday,I?got?up?early?and?cooked?noodles?for?my?parents.First,I? boil?some?water, but?then?I?put?some?noodles?into?the?pot.About?five?or?six?minutes? late,I?carefully?placed ?it?in?the?bowls?and?added?some?salt?and?oil.When?my?parents?got?up,they?were?surprised?and?praised?me? for?big?smiles.It?was?the?first?time?that?I?had?been?cooked?for?them.That?was?a?valuable?experience,from? what?I?got?a?deeper?understanding?of?my?parents.
??? As? teenager,we?have?the?responsibility?to?share?some?housework. Tired?as?the?work?might?be,we?can?find?∧value?of?labor?and?the?joy?of?working.
詳解:
1.考查時態(tài)。句意:首先,我煮了一些水,然后我把一些面條放進鍋里。結(jié)合上文last Sunday可知,此處是在敘述過去的事情,應用一般過去時。故boil改成boiled。
2.考查連詞。句意:我煮了一些水,然后我把一些面條放進鍋里。結(jié)合句意可知,上下文之間是順承關(guān)系,而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應用連詞and連接。故but改成and。
3.考查副詞。句意:大約五六分鐘之后,我小心地把它們放在碗里,加了一些鹽和油。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示"之后"應用副詞later,形容詞late"晚的",不符合題意。故late改成later。
4.考查代詞。句意:大約五六分鐘之后,我小心地把它們放在碗里,加了一些鹽和油。根據(jù)語境可知,此處代指上文提到的some?noodles,應用賓格代詞them表示"它們"。故it改成them。
5.考查介詞。句意:當我父母起床時,他們很驚訝,笑著稱贊我。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應用介詞with表示"帶著",for表示原因,不符合題意。故for改成with。
6.考查語態(tài)。句意:這是我第一次為他們做飯。分析可知,從句主語I與動詞cook之間是主動關(guān)系,故應用主動語態(tài)。故去掉been。
7.考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:這是一次寶貴的經(jīng)歷,通過這次經(jīng)歷,我對父母有了更深入的了解。分析可知,此處為"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導的非限制性定語從句,先行詞是a?valuable?experience,指物,在從句中作介詞from的賓語,故應用關(guān)系代詞which引導該定語從句。故what改成which。
8.考查可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。句意:作為青少年,我們有責任分擔一些家務。teenager"青少年"是可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)后文we可知,此處應用其復數(shù)形式。故teenager改成teenagers。
9.考查形容詞。句意:盡管工作可能很累,但我們可以找到勞動的價值和工作的樂趣。分析可知,此處應使用修飾物的形容詞tiring"累人的"作表語,修飾主語the?work,tired表示"感到累的",修飾人,不符合題意。故tired改為tiring。
10.考查冠詞。句意:盡管工作可能很累,但我們可以找到勞動的價值和工作的樂趣。結(jié)合語境可知,此處特指勞動的價值,故應用定冠詞the表示特指。故在value前加the。
【解析】這是一篇記敘文,文章講述了作者上星期天主動給父母做早飯的事情。
短文改錯時要注意以下幾點:1.快速閱讀,整體把握短文大意;2.重視語境以及上下文的關(guān)系;3.充分運用基礎(chǔ)語言知識找出錯誤所在。
43.【答案】Use the Internet Properly
With the development and popularity of information technology,it is now easier than ever to gain access to the Internet,which undoubtedly makes our life easier and more convenient.However,some people become addicted to online games for lack of self-discipline.What's worse,some teenagers get cheated online,bringing about many negative impacts.【高分句型一】(合理上網(wǎng)的必要性)
From where I stand,the Internet is a valuable tool for all of us.Nevertheless,we must use it properly.Firstly,we should be careful not to spend too much time online,which does great harm to our health.【高分句型二】Besides,it's necessary to be careful not to leak our private information to others to protect ourselves.(你對合理上網(wǎng)的建議)
【解析】高分句型一:What's worse,some teenagers get cheated online,bringing about many negative impacts.
譯文:更糟糕的是,一些青少年在網(wǎng)上被騙,帶來了許多負面影響。
分析:這句話使用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語bringing about many negative impacts作狀語。
高分句型二:Firstly,we should be careful not to spend too much time online,which does great harm to our health.
譯文:首先,我們應該小心不要花太多時間上網(wǎng),這對我們的健康有很大危害。
分析:這句話使用了which引導的非限制性定語從句。
這是一篇提綱類作文,需要寫的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)給出,但是寫作時不要僅僅對要點進行生硬的翻譯,而是要添加些內(nèi)容,使文章看起來更充實,要組成一篇通順連貫的短文,一定要談談自己的看法。需要注意緊扣文章主題,給出的要點都需要包括,缺一不可。寫作時注意準確運用時態(tài),上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯關(guān)系,不能出現(xiàn)文章脫節(jié)問題。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式,同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次。同時注意要求的字數(shù),不要太多也不要太少。
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