?格致中學(xué)2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期第一次測(cè)驗(yàn)
高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)試卷
(測(cè)試100分鐘內(nèi)完成, 總分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension (16%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In the bank.
B. In the library.
C. In the restaurant.
D. In the supermarket.
2. A. Travel to Shanghai.
B. Have a meeting.
C. Dine with Mr. Kim.
D. Discuss their program.
3. A. Salesman and customer.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Manager and secretary.
D. Father and daughter.
4. A. He didn’t want to come early.
B. He carried a heavy bag/
C. He was delayed by a heavy truck.
D. He was held up in a traffic jam.
5. A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi.
B. The woman really likes taking buses.
C. The woman’s car has broken down.
D. The woman is asking the man for help.
6. A. He also thinks Tina looks great.
B. He thinks Tina should get a new dress.
C. He doesn’t agree with the woman.
D. He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress.
7. A. She moved to Washington when she was young
B. She can provide little useful information.
C. She will show the man around Washington.
D. She will ask someone else to help the man.
8. A. He can speak German.
B. He knows both English and German.
C. He can read German books.
D. He knows nothing about German.
9. A. She couldn’t believe that the news about James was true.
B. She felt sorry for James’ being caught cheating by teachers.
C. She thought James shouldn’t have cheated in the final exam.
D. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all.
10. A. He acted in the play at the last minute.
B. He decided to quit at the last minute.
C. He wasn’t supposed to take part in the play.
D. He made up his mind to act in the play.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Sending invitation cards to guests.
B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.
C. Giving your order before you are seated.
D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.
12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.
13. A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.
B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.
C. Write beforehand to say that you don’t care for some dishes.
D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. For a couple of weeks.
B. For a whole month.
C. For an academic year.
D. For as long as he needs it.
15. A. The man is writing his graduation paper.
B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.
C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.
D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping.
16. A. Renew the book right now.
B. Have part of the book photocopied.
C. Sign up for another borrowing duration.
D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (24%)
Section A (4%)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Some children think it is their parents’ business to earn money and __________ to spend it.
A. they B. them C. theirs D. their
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性物主代詞。句意：一些孩子認(rèn)為掙錢(qián)是父母的事而花錢(qián)才是他們的事。A. they(用作主語(yǔ))他們，她們，它們；B. them(they的賓格)他們，她們，它們；C. theirs(they的所有格形式，名詞性物主代詞)他們的，她們的，它們的（所有物）；D. their(they的所有格形式，形容詞性物主代詞)他們的，她們的，它們的。句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及句意分析可知，and表示并列，前面是their parents’ business，設(shè)空處指的是“他們（指主語(yǔ)Some children）的事”應(yīng)為their business，可用名詞性物主代詞theirs指代their business。故選C。
2. The children at the Medical Care Centre were so friendly that it was __________ to interact with them than we had expected.
A. easy B. much easier C. less easier D. the easiest
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：醫(yī)療中心的孩子們非常友好，與他們交流比我們想象的要容易得多。由than可知，空格處用比較級(jí)，easy的比較級(jí)是easier，用much修飾，故選B。
3. Mary’s eyes became weak with old age __________ she did simply not see the red light.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：瑪麗的眼睛隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而變得虛弱，以至于她根本看不見(jiàn)紅燈。A. as long as只要；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. so that以至于。根據(jù)“Mary’s eyes became weak with old age”可知，瑪麗的眼睛因年老而變得虛弱，所以她根本看不見(jiàn)紅燈，so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。故選D。
4. __________ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the door.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. To be lost
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她看著照片陷入沉思，沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到敲門(mén)聲。“didn’t hear”是謂語(yǔ)，空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞， lost in thought是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“陷入沉思”，因此空格處用過(guò)去分詞lost作狀語(yǔ)，lose與邏輯主語(yǔ)she是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。
5. Most women identified at least one trusted friends __________ they could turn in a trouble moment.
A. off which B. on which C. to whom D. up whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：多數(shù)女子會(huì)認(rèn)定至少一個(gè)在處境困難時(shí)求助的可信賴(lài)的朋友。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞friends，turn to sb.“求助某人”，故先行詞從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，指人，用關(guān)系代詞whom，故選C。
6. About 800,000 employees were forced to stay at home without __________ during the government shutdown.
A. being paid B. paid C. paying D. to be paid
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在政府關(guān)閉期間大約80萬(wàn)員工被迫無(wú)償待在家里。without是介詞，后面要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，排除BD，pay支付，此句中與邏輯主語(yǔ)employees是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選A。
7. Sometimes you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems __________ if you turn your head in its direction.
A. disappeared B. disappearing C. to be disappeared D. to disappear
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查不定式。句意：有時(shí)你會(huì)看到你一側(cè)的一個(gè)小東西，如果你把頭轉(zhuǎn)向它的方向，它似乎就消失了。seem to do是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“似乎做某事”，因此空格處用不定式to disappear，故選D。
8. When I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China, many friends asked me __________ I survived the interview.
A. how B. that C. when D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：當(dāng)我成功成為IBM中國(guó)的一名員工時(shí)，許多朋友問(wèn)我是如何通過(guò)面試的?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China”可知。朋友問(wèn)“我”是如何通過(guò)面試的，空格處意為“如何”，用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，故選A。
Section B (10%)
Directions: After reading the beginning of The Old Man and the Sea below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, _____9_____ is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week.
It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail_____10_____ (patch v. 縫補(bǔ)) with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from _____11_____ (handle) heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him was old _____12_____ his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
“Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”
The old man had taught the boy _____13_____ (fish) and the boy loved him.
“No,” the old man said. “You’re with a lucky boat. Stay with them.”
“But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big _____14_____ every day for three weeks.”
“I remember,” the old man said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”
“It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I_____15_____ obey him.”
“I know,” the old man said. “It is quite normal.”
“He hasn’t much faith.”
“No,” the old man said. “_____16_____ we have, Haven’t we?”
“Yes,” the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.”
“Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen.”
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.
“Santiago,” the boy said.
“Yes,” the old man said. He _____17_____ (hold) his glass and thinking of many years ago.
“Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?”
“No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.”
“I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you, I would like to serve in some way.”
“You bought me a beer,” the old man said. “You are already a man.”
“How old was I when you first took me in a boat?”
“Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly ______18______ (tear) the boat to pieces. Can you remember?”
【答案】9. which
10. was patched
11. handing
12. except 13. to fish
14. ones 15. must
16. But 17. was holding
18. tore
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了《老人與海》小說(shuō)的一個(gè)片段：老漁民Santiago 84天內(nèi)沒(méi)有打撈上來(lái)一條魚(yú)。
【9題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：可是，四十天沒(méi)釣到魚(yú)了，男孩的父母告訴他，老人現(xiàn)在肯定是“倒霉”了，這是最不吉利的表現(xiàn)。男孩聽(tīng)從他們的命令，坐上了另一條船，第一個(gè)星期就釣到了三條好魚(yú)。句中先行詞為salao，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
【10題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：帆上用面粉袋打了補(bǔ)丁，收起來(lái)就像一面永遠(yuǎn)失敗的旗幟。根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)The sail為單數(shù)形式，且與patch之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was patched。
【11題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他的臉上布滿(mǎn)了斑點(diǎn)，他的手上也有深深的疤痕，那是他用繩子釣大魚(yú)時(shí)留下的。介詞from后接動(dòng)名詞形式。故填handing。
【12題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：他身上的一切都顯得蒼老，除了他那雙像大海一樣的眼睛，充滿(mǎn)了歡樂(lè)和不屈不撓的精神。名詞his eyes前用介詞形式。表示“除了……之外”，用介詞except。故填except。
【13題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：老人教男孩釣魚(yú)，男孩很喜歡他。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事。故填to fish。
【14題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：但是你要記住，你是如何在沒(méi)有魚(yú)的情況下，連續(xù)八十七天，然后我們?cè)谌齻€(gè)星期里每天都能釣到大魚(yú)。代指前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞fish，用代詞ones。故填ones。
【15題詳解】
考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我是個(gè)孩子，我必須服從他。動(dòng)詞原形obey前用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，表示“必須”之意。故填must。
【16題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：“不，”老人說(shuō)，“但我們有過(guò)，不是嗎?”結(jié)合前文可知，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填But。
【17題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他端著酒杯，回想起許多年前的往事。主語(yǔ) He 與hold之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞and后thinking可知，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填was holding。
【18題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：五歲的時(shí)候，我把那條魚(yú)釣上來(lái)的時(shí)候，魚(yú)太新鮮了，差點(diǎn)把船撕成碎片。根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填tore。
Section C (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. established B. cultural C. freely D. introduce E. official
F. release G. extremely H. attraction I. drew J. unexpectedly
K. mystery
A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.
As a ___19___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___20___ various art forms. In the show, “national treasure keepers” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___21___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures “come alive”.
This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___22___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.
Last year, the museum ___23___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___24___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___25___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___26___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___27___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.
The museum is also a popular ____28____ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.
【答案】19. B 20. D
21. K 22. G
23. I 24. A
25. E 26. J
27. F 28. H
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了大型文化探索類(lèi)節(jié)目《國(guó)家寶藏》。
【19題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：作為一檔文化類(lèi)綜藝節(jié)目，《國(guó)家寶藏》旨在展示國(guó)寶的背景故事，將引進(jìn)各種藝術(shù)形式。根據(jù)上文“A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure”可知，這是一檔文化類(lèi)節(jié)目，用形容詞cultural“文化的”作定語(yǔ)，故選B。
【20題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意同上。分析句子可知，空處用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，與to showcase并列，省略了不定式符號(hào)，作并列賓語(yǔ)，introduce“引進(jìn)”符合句意，故選D。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：在節(jié)目中，每件珍寶都將由名人和素人扮演的“護(hù)寶人”來(lái)展現(xiàn)，講述他們與這些國(guó)寶的故事，詮釋其背后的歷史奧秘。形容詞historical修飾名詞，mystery“奧秘；秘密”符合句意，故選K。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：由于近年來(lái)在文化產(chǎn)品和自我宣傳方面的努力，這不是北京故宮博物院第一次在中國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上受到極大的歡迎。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，extremely“非常”符合句意，故填extremely。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：去年，故宮吸引了如此多的關(guān)注，因?yàn)槿娨暭o(jì)錄片《故宮宗師》和同名電影的巨大成功。分析句子可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，draw attention“吸引注意力”符合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year用一般過(guò)去式，故選I。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在過(guò)去的幾年里，博物館已經(jīng)建立了495個(gè)指示牌，并提供了1400把新椅子。分析句子可知，空處需動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，establish“建立”符合句意，由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和has可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，establish用過(guò)去分詞形式established，故選A。
【25題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：此外，故宮博物院在電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)淘寶上開(kāi)設(shè)了官方網(wǎng)店，銷(xiāo)售相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。修飾名詞store用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，official“官方的”符合句意，故選E。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：它以幽默的風(fēng)格和有趣的內(nèi)容意外地席卷了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，unexpectedly“意外地”符合句意，故選J。
【27題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：與此同時(shí)，故宮博物院也發(fā)布了幾款手機(jī)應(yīng)用，其中一款在2013年發(fā)布后僅兩周就獲得了超過(guò)20萬(wàn)的下載量。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，根據(jù)句意，release“發(fā)行”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：該博物館也是外國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)。形容詞修飾名詞，作表語(yǔ)，attraction“向往的地方”符合句意，故選H。
II. Reading Comprehension (41%)
Section A (15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Instead of cruising in on a hover board, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has ___29___ to us.
Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can’t escape that ___30___ though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have ___31___ imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest ___32___ are in travel-jet packs, hover boards and flying cars are not to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology: commercial aeroplanes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.
___33___ is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence haven’t been ___34___, though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available-even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have now arrived-sort of-but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he’ll be able to ___35___ your look of boredom.
The truth is that we quickly ___36___ the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should try to stay in that period of ___37___. It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these ____38____ are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t ____39____ the dominance of the computer in running our lives.
But the real area where ____40____ far outstrips (超過(guò)) predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-free” humans are still absent, but the progress made in ____41____ life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone’s genome, giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.
Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina and can thus ____42____ sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing ____43____ the inventiveness of people in the real world.
29. A. turned B. lied C. objected D. talked
30. A. opportunity B. challenge C. imagination D. conflict
31 A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly
32. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments
33. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation
34. A. realized B. identified C. honoured D. liberated
35. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore
36. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate
37. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation
38. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions
39. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent
40. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality
41. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering
42. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label
43. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. outperforms
【答案】29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)科幻小說(shuō)的預(yù)測(cè)感到失望，但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中人們的創(chuàng)造力還是令人期待的，在某些方面人們的創(chuàng)造力比科幻小說(shuō)的預(yù)測(cè)更加優(yōu)越。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：科幻小說(shuō)欺騙了我們。A. turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；B. lied撒謊；C. objected反對(duì)；D. talked談話(huà)。根據(jù)上文“Instead of cruising in on a hover-board, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas.（今天我沒(méi)有騎懸浮滑板，而是騎自行車(chē)去了辦公室。自行車(chē)是19世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。我早餐沒(méi)有吃藥，而是吃了一個(gè)熏肉卷，用煤氣做的。）”可知作者說(shuō)早上騎車(chē)去的辦公室，而不是騎懸浮板，吃的是煤氣做的熏肉卷，而不是藥片，懸浮板和代替食物的藥片都是科幻小說(shuō)里面出現(xiàn)的事物，故作者想表達(dá)現(xiàn)實(shí)和科幻小說(shuō)是不一樣的，科幻小說(shuō)欺騙了我們。故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在科幻小說(shuō)中，你無(wú)法逃避這種挑戰(zhàn)。A. opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；B. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C. imagination想象；D. conflict沖突。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. (正如物理學(xué)家尼爾斯·波爾(Niels Bohr)開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)的那樣，做出預(yù)測(cè)是很困難的，尤其是關(guān)于未來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。)”可知，預(yù)測(cè)是很難的，因此預(yù)測(cè)在科幻小說(shuō)中是一種挑戰(zhàn)，故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：自19世紀(jì)誕生以來(lái)，作家們就孜孜不倦地想象著未來(lái)事情：人類(lèi)將發(fā)明出讓生活更輕松的設(shè)備。A. hesitantly猶豫地；B. critically批判性地；C. temporarily暫時(shí)地；D. tirelessly不知疲倦地。根據(jù)下文“imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier.”可知，自科幻小說(shuō)誕生以來(lái)，作家們一直致力于想象著未來(lái)的事情，本處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自科幻小說(shuō)誕生以來(lái)就一直在想，因此空處用tirelessly“不知疲倦地”符合題意，故選D。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最令人失望的是旅行背包、懸浮滑板和飛行汽車(chē)還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在空中。A. disappointments失望；B. advancements前進(jìn)；C. enjoyments享受；D. experiments實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)上句“But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass.”可知，但在許多情況下，這些承諾并未兌現(xiàn)，旅行背包、懸浮滑板和飛行汽車(chē)仍然沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，這是非常令人失望的，故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自動(dòng)化是科幻小說(shuō)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的東西，但它在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的出現(xiàn)是不可預(yù)測(cè)的。A. Modernization現(xiàn)代化；B. Exploration探索；C. Automation自動(dòng)化；D. Transportation交通。根據(jù)下文的“Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence（具有一定智能的家用機(jī)器人）”可推知，此處指automation“自動(dòng)化”，故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：具有一定智能的家用機(jī)器人還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，盡管機(jī)器人真空吸塵器在商業(yè)上是可行的——即使它們相當(dāng)沒(méi)有希望。A. realized實(shí)現(xiàn)；B. identify鑒定；C. honoured尊敬；D. liberated解放。根據(jù)下文“though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available?—even if they are fairly hopeless.”可知，盡管能買(mǎi)到機(jī)器人真空吸塵器，但具有一定智能的家用機(jī)器人還是相當(dāng)無(wú)望的，既然無(wú)望，那就是還未出現(xiàn)，故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在移動(dòng)電話(huà)領(lǐng)域，視頻通話(huà)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟，所以當(dāng)你的父親打電話(huà)告訴你他的菜地的最新情況時(shí)，他能看到你無(wú)聊的表情了。A. imagine想象；B. feel感覺(jué)；C. see看見(jiàn)；D. ignore忽視。根據(jù)前文“In mobiles, video call technology is now available”可知，視頻通話(huà)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟，所以通話(huà)時(shí)可以看到對(duì)方，故選C。
【36題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，我們很快就會(huì)忘記發(fā)明的驚奇：我們的驚奇很快就會(huì)被沒(méi)有新東西的感覺(jué)所取代。A. arouse引起；B. discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. forget忘記；D. evaluate評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)空后的“our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new”可知，此處指我們會(huì)很快忘記發(fā)明的神奇，取而代之的是沒(méi)有新東西的感覺(jué)，故選C。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該努力停留在那個(gè)驚奇的時(shí)期。A. frustration沮喪；B. amazement驚奇；C. boredom厭倦；D. limitation限制。根據(jù)下句“It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket.( 令人驚訝的是，每一本書(shū)的內(nèi)容都可以?xún)?chǔ)存在一個(gè)小盒子里?；蛘吣憧诖锏囊粋€(gè)東西可以裝一萬(wàn)張專(zhuān)輯。)”可知，每本書(shū)的內(nèi)容都可以?xún)?chǔ)存在一個(gè)小盒子里，或者可以把10000張專(zhuān)輯放在你口袋里，這些都是令人驚訝的事物，可推斷我們應(yīng)該停留在令人驚訝的那個(gè)發(fā)明的時(shí)代，故選B。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所有這些行動(dòng)都取決于微芯片的出現(xiàn)及其在計(jì)算機(jī)中的地位。A. modes模式；B. worries擔(dān)心；C. potentials潛力；D. actions行動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文“It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time.”可知，“把書(shū)儲(chǔ)存在小盒子里”，“在口袋里攜帶10000本相冊(cè)”以及“隨時(shí)隨地訪(fǎng)問(wèn)所有的信息”這些行動(dòng)是取決于微芯片的存在，故選D。
【39題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，科幻小說(shuō)并沒(méi)有預(yù)測(cè)到電腦在我們生活中的主導(dǎo)地位。A. predict預(yù)測(cè)；B. overlook忽略；C. motivate刺激；D. prevent阻止。根據(jù)上文“All these ___10____are dependent on the appearance of the microchip and its place in computers.”可知所有這些行動(dòng)都取決于微芯片的出現(xiàn)及其在計(jì)算機(jī)中的位置，這相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的辦法而言是非常具有優(yōu)勢(shì)的，結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，科幻小說(shuō)的作者們孜孜不倦地預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的事情，但是沒(méi)有預(yù)測(cè)到電腦在我們生活中的地位，故選A。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)實(shí)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出預(yù)測(cè)的真正的領(lǐng)域是醫(yī)學(xué)。A. quality質(zhì)量；B. obstacle障礙；C. passion熱情；D. reality現(xiàn)實(shí)。根據(jù)下文 “Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-free” humans are still absent.(當(dāng)然，小說(shuō)會(huì)把人類(lèi)描述為“無(wú)疾病”，但沒(méi)有詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。“無(wú)疾病”的人類(lèi)仍然不存在。)”可知，小說(shuō)中把人類(lèi)描述成“無(wú)病”，但是沒(méi)有過(guò)多的延展，說(shuō)明醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)造的現(xiàn)實(shí)超出預(yù)測(cè)，這里reality對(duì)應(yīng)predictions，故選D。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“沒(méi)有疾病”的人類(lèi)仍然不存在，但在維持生命方面取得的進(jìn)展是驚人的。A. maintaining維持；B. creating創(chuàng)造；C. researching調(diào)查；D. encountering遇到。根據(jù)下文“With relative ease, we can sequence anyone’s genome, giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.( 我們可以相對(duì)輕松地對(duì)任何人的基因組進(jìn)行測(cè)序，讀出我們的整個(gè)遺傳密碼。這意味著我們可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)找出數(shù)千種疾病的潛在遺傳原因。)”可知，完整讀出記憶代碼意味著可以幾分鐘內(nèi)找出數(shù)千種疾病的潛在遺傳原因，可知，雖然沒(méi)有不會(huì)患病的人類(lèi)出現(xiàn)，但在維持生命方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步，故A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。
【42題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：光敏植入物現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)存在，它可以取代視網(wǎng)膜上受損的細(xì)胞，從而恢復(fù)盲人的視力。A. show展示；B. lend借出；C. restore恢復(fù)；D. label貼標(biāo)簽于。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina”可知，光敏植入物的出現(xiàn)可以使得盲人恢復(fù)視力，C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。
【43題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然科幻小說(shuō)的發(fā)明可以展示“我們希望發(fā)生”的偉大想法，但沒(méi)有什么比現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中人們的創(chuàng)造力更強(qiáng)大。A. guarantees保證；B. overestimates對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高；C. releases釋放；D. outperforms勝過(guò)。根據(jù)前文“While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen”以及前文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的超前預(yù)見(jiàn)性，證明了人們的創(chuàng)造力優(yōu)于科幻小說(shuō)中的預(yù)測(cè)，故D項(xiàng)符合文意，故選D。
Section B (22%)
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.
I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taught to us from a young age. They wormed their way into our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧視).
You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials (千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion (復(fù)古作風(fēng))” which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.
It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from generalizations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.
44. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?
A. By describing people’s personalities.
B. By truly getting to know those around.
C. By observing their noticeable features.
D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech.
45. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because ________.
A. people live in places of various races
B. people are born with unreasonable ideas
C. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief system
D. people usually make judgments without thinking twice
46. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal ________.
A. generalizations have unfavourable position in society
B. generalizations have a negative influence on our society
C. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged Chinese
D. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry
47. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A. the common prejudice B. people’s expectation of themselves
C. the groundless worries D. the famous speech of Martin Luther King
【答案】44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。短文中作者對(duì)“人們通常會(huì)不假思索地用狹隘的定型觀(guān)念來(lái)概括某個(gè)群體的這一文化歧視現(xiàn)象”表達(dá)了自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。作者希望要正確地，客觀(guān)地看待其他人。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段“We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.”可知，我們喜歡用膚色、出生年份或其他相關(guān)因素對(duì)人進(jìn)行刻板模式化的描述。所以判斷出人們是通過(guò)觀(guān)察他們明顯的特征來(lái)判斷別人的。故C選項(xiàng)正確。
【45題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧視).”可知，人們急于做出判斷，滋生了一種歧視文化。所以文化歧視的出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔ?huì)不假思索地做出判斷。故D選項(xiàng)正確。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.”可知，刻板印象似乎總是在我們社會(huì)的意識(shí)中站穩(wěn)腳跟。但是這些概括確實(shí)有害，因?yàn)檫@些印象可能會(huì)影響更廣泛的人群。所以判斷出第3段提到了“千禧一代”和“復(fù)古作風(fēng)”的例子來(lái)揭示這些泛泛的概括對(duì)我們的社會(huì)有消極的影響。故B選項(xiàng)正確。
【47題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知人們通常會(huì)不假思索地用狹隘的定型觀(guān)念來(lái)概括某個(gè)群體，這一文化歧視現(xiàn)象普遍存在于社會(huì)中，不同的人種被貼上不同的標(biāo)簽。對(duì)他人泛泛和進(jìn)行刻板模式化的描述，對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。所以判斷出這篇文章主要關(guān)注的是普遍存在的偏見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)段落所提供的關(guān)鍵詞是解決推理判斷題的重要方法之一。關(guān)鍵詞隱含著作者要表達(dá)的深層含義。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.中的“foothold”，“harm”“wider population”可知，刻板印象似乎總是在我們社會(huì)的意識(shí)中站穩(wěn)腳跟。但是這些概括確實(shí)有害，因?yàn)檫@些印象可能會(huì)影響更廣泛的人群。社會(huì)是由不同的人組成的，一旦刻板印象在我們社會(huì)的意識(shí)中站穩(wěn)腳跟，影響了更多的人，就會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生消極的影響。所以判斷出第3段被提到的“千禧一代”和“復(fù)古作風(fēng)”的例子就是要揭示這些泛泛的概括對(duì)我們的社會(huì)有消極的影響。故小題3的正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
(B)
Six Best Places for ________ in Paris
Le Closerie des Lilas
This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location. On the terrace, F. Scott Fitzgerald apparently first revealed the manuscript for The Great Gatsby to Ernest Hemingway. This spot in Montparnasse was also frequented by Paul Verlaine, Max Jacob and Henry Miller, among others.
171 Boulevard du Montparnasse
Les Deux Magots
Located in Saint-Germain-des-Pres on the Left Bank, Les Deux Magotx gets a mention in Nabokov's novel Lolita. It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. Even Julia Child liked the food enough to plant herself at one of its famed outdoor tables. Today, tables are occupied by tourists instead of typists, but it's worth paying a few euros for a coffee here.
6 Place Saint-Germain Des Pres
Pere Lachaise Cemetery
Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here. Singer and 'poet' Jim Morrison is, of course, famously six feet under in this verdant (郁郁蔥蔥的), ambient cemetery as well.
8 Boulevard de Menilmontant
Polidor
Ernest Hemingway, Paul Verlaine, James Joyce, Victor Hugo, Henry Miller, Arthur Rimbaud and Jack Kerouac all enjoyed classic French dishes like steak, beef Bourguignon, steak tartare, escargot, and foie gras at this sixth-arrondissement restaurant. In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.
41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince
Bar Hemingway
F. Scott Fitzgerald used to put 'em back at this fashionable and expensive bar in the Ritz. Musician Cole Porter would spend hours nursing cocktails at the bar and even composed a tune or two here. And, of course, the bar's namesake. Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven. He also mentions the bar in The Sun Also Rises.
15 Place Vendome
Shakespeare & Company
Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature. It's also attracted many legendary writers as well. Williams Burroughs, Anais Nin, James Baldwin, Henry Miller, Paul Auster, Martin Amis and Zadie Smith, among countless others, have shopped for books or participated in literary events here.
37 Rue de la Bucherie

48. Your friend Jenny plans to go to Paris for travelling and she is a big fan of the famous movie director Woody Allen. Which place would you recommend that she visit?
A. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse B. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince
C 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant D. 37 Rue de la Bucherie
49. Earnest Hemingway was a regular to the following places except ________.
A. Pere Lachasise Cemetery B. Les Deux Magots
C. Bar Hemingway D. Polidor
50. Which of the following phrases best complete the title?
A. Literature Lovers B. Experienced Tourists
C. Cuisine Enthusiasts D. History Researchers
【答案】48. B 49. A 50. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要向讀者介紹了巴黎著名的6個(gè)熱愛(ài)文學(xué)的人值得去的地方。
【48題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章介紹的第四個(gè)地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾倫的電影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在這里遇到了海明威和薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利)”可知，你的朋友珍妮來(lái)巴黎旅游的話(huà)，一定最想去的是41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince。故選B。
【49題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章介紹的第二個(gè)地方“Les Deux Magots”中的“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿爾伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·喬伊斯，貝托爾特·布萊希特，歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威這樣的重量級(jí)人物也經(jīng)常光顧這里)”可知海明威經(jīng)常來(lái)這里；以及文章介紹的第四個(gè)地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾倫的電影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在這里遇到了海明威和薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利)”可知，這里也是海明威常來(lái)的地方；以及根據(jù)文章介紹的第五個(gè)地方“Bar Hemingway”中“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威先生是這里的?？停踔涟堰@里比作天堂)”可知，這里也是海明威常來(lái)的地方。所以B.Les Deux Magots以及C. Bar Hemingway以及D. Polidor都是海明威常去的地方。故選A。
【50題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一個(gè)地點(diǎn)中的介紹“This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location.(這家餐館，咖啡館也可以稱(chēng)為小酒館的地方是個(gè)真正的文學(xué)場(chǎng)所)”；第二個(gè)地點(diǎn)的介紹“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿爾伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·喬伊斯，貝托爾特·布萊希特，歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威這樣的重量級(jí)人物也經(jīng)常光顧這里)”；第三個(gè)地點(diǎn)中的介紹“Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here.(也許是世界上最著名的安息之地，在埋葬在這里的其他名人中，Pere Lachaise公墓是馬塞爾·普魯斯特和奧斯卡·王爾德的家)”；第四個(gè)地方的介紹“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾倫的電影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在這里遇到了海明威和薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利)”；第五個(gè)地方的介紹“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威先生是這里的?？停踔涟堰@里比作天堂)”，第六個(gè)地方的介紹“Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature.(自1951年以來(lái)，這家左岸書(shū)店一直是這個(gè)城市中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)愛(ài)好者們的一個(gè)中心聚會(huì)點(diǎn))”可知，這六個(gè)地方都是文學(xué)愛(ài)好者們喜歡去的地方，故標(biāo)題應(yīng)為：Six Best Places for Literature Lovers in Paris。故選A。
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians — a national literary icon.
Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but we laugh, we laugh with recognition.
The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and I’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic (貴族的) name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for lite as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonze Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.
Finding a sidekick
Now comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Qiujano’s house Panza is promoted to the role of squire (隨從), because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil (襯托) to his foolish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.
Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Qiujano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.
51. On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
52. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Toboso. D. Sancho Panza.
53. What can be inferred from the passage?
A Don Quixote’s failure to distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.
B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.
C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.
D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.
54. According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because ________
A. Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary icon
B. Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroic
C. Cervantes’ has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy
D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to life.
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了西班牙的文學(xué)天才米格爾·德·塞萬(wàn)提斯的喜劇小說(shuō)《堂吉訶德》，并對(duì)其寫(xiě)作手法“堂吉訶德式”進(jìn)行了稱(chēng)贊評(píng)論。
【51題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第1句內(nèi)容Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath.(400年前，這位世界文學(xué)中最偉大的喜劇人物之一的作者咽下了最后一口氣)可知，作者是在米格爾·德·塞萬(wàn)提斯逝世400周年的時(shí)候?qū)懥诉@篇評(píng)論。故選D項(xiàng)。
【52題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第1句內(nèi)容Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic name that suits his ambition of being a knight.(阿隆索·基哈諾將自己重新命名為“堂吉訶德·德·拉曼查”，這是一個(gè)符合他成為一名騎士抱負(fù)的貴族名字) 可推知，他自己認(rèn)為能夠符合自己的角色的名字應(yīng)是唐吉可德。故選B項(xiàng)。
【53題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾內(nèi)容Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but we laugh, we laugh with recognition.(堂吉訶德，像一般人一樣，很難區(qū)分現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象。讀者可能會(huì)嘲笑他奇怪的行為，但我們笑了，我們笑的認(rèn)可)可知，小說(shuō)里的唐吉可德對(duì)于現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象的難以區(qū)分而做出的奇怪行為使讀者發(fā)笑，因此選項(xiàng)A“Don Quixote’s failure to distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.(堂吉訶德沒(méi)能把現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象區(qū)分開(kāi)，這讓讀者很開(kāi)心)為合理推斷。故選A項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末尾內(nèi)容Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Qiujano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.(塞萬(wàn)提斯的小說(shuō)激發(fā)了一個(gè)詞來(lái)概括丘哈諾的浪漫天性：“堂吉訶德式的”。在英語(yǔ)中，我們用這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容一個(gè)理想主義的人，但他在追求自己的理想時(shí)很愚蠢。這是塞萬(wàn)提斯天才的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，他能夠識(shí)別出這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，并將它人格化，使用這樣一個(gè)偉大的喜劇人物。在這個(gè)重要的時(shí)刻，我們應(yīng)該感謝他)可知，作者認(rèn)為讀者應(yīng)該因?yàn)樗糜诿枋鲂≌f(shuō)人物的手法“堂吉訶德式”是值得讀者認(rèn)同欽佩的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題之尋讀對(duì)比法：
細(xì)節(jié)理解題在做題過(guò)程中只需按照題干關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行尋讀，并將選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比，同義表達(dá)即為正確答案。比如文章第1小題：
1.On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
根據(jù)題干定位尋讀到原文第一句內(nèi)容Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath. ( 400年前，這位世界文學(xué)中最偉大的喜劇人物之一的作者咽下了最后一口氣)可知，首句介紹了寫(xiě)這篇文章的時(shí)機(jī)為這位偉大的小說(shuō)家逝世400周年紀(jì)念，正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與該句表達(dá)含義一致。與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此選項(xiàng)D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.(米格爾·德·塞萬(wàn)提斯逝世400周年紀(jì)念)為正確答案。
Section C (4%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (8%)
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. ____55____ They can seem forgetful and clumsy. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. ____56____ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. ____57____ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. ____58____
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you are in the daydream zone.
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity or Post-it notes.
C. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
D. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand
【答案】55. D 56. B 57. A 58. E
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。白日做夢(mèng)意味著人們想到一些愉快的事情，尤其是當(dāng)這使他們忘記他們應(yīng)該做什么。文章介紹通向夢(mèng)想的方法。
【55題詳解】
根據(jù)上文提示“白日做夢(mèng)意味著人們想到一些愉快的事情，尤其是當(dāng)這使他們忘記他們應(yīng)該做什么?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“他們可能會(huì)顯得健忘和笨拙?！背薪由舷挛模珼項(xiàng)Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.（白日夢(mèng)者”不知道周?chē)l(fā)生的事情，這是他們的壞名聲。）切題。故選D。
【56題詳解】
根據(jù)上文提示“但白日夢(mèng)者也對(duì)人類(lèi)歷史上一些最偉大的思想和成就負(fù)有責(zé)任。”再根據(jù)下文提示“你能想象如果沒(méi)有這些想法和發(fā)明，我們的世界會(huì)是什么樣子嗎?”承接上下文，B項(xiàng)Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity or Post-it notes.（如果沒(méi)有漫無(wú)目的的思想，我們就不會(huì)有相對(duì)論或便利貼。）切題。故選B。
【57題詳解】
根據(jù)上文提示“感到安全和放松會(huì)幫助你進(jìn)入白日夢(mèng)?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“如果你想在做白日夢(mèng)的時(shí)候有更多的機(jī)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)有創(chuàng)意的想法，試著在做其他事情的時(shí)候去做——最好是一些簡(jiǎn)單的事情，比如洗澡或散步，甚至是畫(huà)一些沒(méi)有意義的畫(huà)?！背薪由舷挛?，A項(xiàng)Having interesting things to think about also helps.（有一些有趣的事情去思考也會(huì)有幫助。）切題。故選A。
【58題詳解】
根據(jù)上文提示“‘正念’，即集中注意力，是一些人用來(lái)避免入睡的工具?！背薪由衔?，E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm.（它包括緩慢、穩(wěn)定的呼吸來(lái)幫助人們保持冷靜。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的it指代的就是上文中的Mindfulness。故選E。
IV. Translation (19%)
Section A (5*1.5%=7.5%)
Directions: Complete the sentence according to the Chinese given, using the words given in the brackets.
59. 乘飛機(jī)從上海到紐約要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間? (take)
How long ____________________ from Shanghai to New York?
【答案】will/does it take to travel by air/plane.
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和固定句型。根據(jù)中英文提示，空處缺少“乘飛機(jī)花費(fèi)”，固定句型：花時(shí)間做……譯為：it takes sometime to do sth.；根據(jù)句意可使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者一般將來(lái)時(shí)，“乘飛機(jī)”譯為by air或者by plane，travel“旅游”用不定式形式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填will/does it take to travel by air/plane.
60. 刺的時(shí)候，他不抱任何希望，卻帶著決心和十足的恨意? （介詞短語(yǔ)）
He hit it without hope but ____________________.
【答案】with determination and full hate
【解析】
【詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)?！皫е庇媒樵~短語(yǔ)with sth.，“決心”是determination，是不可數(shù)名詞，“十足的恨意”是full hate，用and連接兩個(gè)名詞，因此空格處是with determination and full hate。故填with determination and full hate。
61. 目前只有上年紀(jì)的人說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言, 因此它面臨滅亡的威脅? (threaten)
The language is currently being spoken only by elderly people, so ____________________.
【答案】it is threatened with extinction.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)。be threatened with受到威脅。根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。結(jié)合句意，故填it is threatened with extinction.
62. 然而，自那以后，人口繼續(xù)以令人驚恐的速度增長(zhǎng)? (rate)
However, since then the population ____________________.
【答案】has increased at an alarming rate
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)中英文提示，空格處缺少“繼續(xù)以令人驚恐的速度增長(zhǎng)”，結(jié)合提示詞rate，可譯為increase at an alarming rate，由since then可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)the population是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填has increased at an alarming rate.
63. 這個(gè)班級(jí)的學(xué)生是已至少被學(xué)校開(kāi)除過(guò)一次的男孩和女孩? (expel)
The class is a group of boys and girls ____________________.
【答案】who have all been expelled from schools at least once
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)態(tài)和短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)中英文提示，空處缺少“已至少被學(xué)校開(kāi)除過(guò)一次”作定語(yǔ)，修飾boys and girls，用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，從句中作主語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞who，“從學(xué)校開(kāi)除”譯為expel from schools，根據(jù)句意，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致，且expel與boys and girls是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“至少一次”譯為at least once，故填who have all been expelled from schools at least once。


Section B (3%+4%+4.5%=11.5%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
64. 在學(xué)法語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)各種各樣的法語(yǔ)單詞和英語(yǔ)很像?(amaze; range)(漢譯英)
【答案】When learning French, we are amazed to discover a range of French words that are very similar to English.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)、省略、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞，而主語(yǔ)又跟主句主語(yǔ)相同或從句主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，則從句中主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常一起省略?！皩W(xué)法語(yǔ)”翻譯為 learn French；“對(duì)做某事感到驚訝”翻譯為be amazed to do sth.；“各種各樣的”翻譯為 a range of。句中先行詞為French words，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。“與……很像”翻譯為be similar to。陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。結(jié)合句子其它部分，故翻譯為When learning French, we are amazed to discover a range of French words that are very similar to English.
65. 這些16歲的學(xué)生在很大程度上應(yīng)該為他們自己的所作所為負(fù)有責(zé)任。(age v; blame; extent) (漢譯英)
【答案】These students, aged 16, to a large extent should be to blame for what they have done.
【解析】
【詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞、時(shí)態(tài)和賓語(yǔ)從句。此處主語(yǔ)為T(mén)hese students，表示“16歲”應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)aged 16，作定語(yǔ)；表示“很大程度上”短語(yǔ)為to a large extent；主句表示“應(yīng)該為……負(fù)有責(zé)任”翻譯為should be to blame for，“他們自己的所作所為”用what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），應(yīng)該翻譯為what they have done。故翻譯為T(mén)hese students, aged 16, to a large extent should be to blame for what they have done.
66. 正如海明威(Hemingway) 所說(shuō)：“人不是為失敗而生的。一個(gè)人可以被毀滅，但不可以被打敗。”無(wú)論遇到什么困難，我們都不能心灰意冷，卻要拼命奮勇直前。(struggle) (漢譯英)
【答案】As Hemingway once said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not lose heart, but instead struggle forward with all our might.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句?！罢纭盿s引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明?！叭瞬皇菫槭《摹！狈g為Man is not made for defeat. “一個(gè)人可以被毀滅，但不可以被打敗?！?翻譯為A man can be destroyed but not defeated. “無(wú)論什么”用No matter what，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，“困難”不只是一個(gè)，且應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！靶幕乙饫洹狈g為lose heart；“奮勇直前”翻譯為struggle forward；“拼命”翻譯為all our might。主句陳述過(guò)去事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。從句陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。結(jié)合句子其它部分，故翻譯為As Hemingway once said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not lose heart, but instead struggle forward with all our might.

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