遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學校2022-2023學年高一上學期期末考試英語試題含答案

這是一份遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學校2022-2023學年高一上學期期末考試英語試題含答案，共24頁。
?遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學校2022-2023學年高一上學期期末考試英語試題
學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

第一部分、閱讀理解
Enter DSWF Global Canvas 2022
Global Canvas is an annual children’s art competition run by David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation(DSWF). It’s a fantastic way to encourage creativity and display thought and concern for our planet’s environment and the incredible wildlife that inhabits it. We’re thrilled to announce entries are now open for the DSWF Global Canvas 2022 competition, for which the theme is “Forests of Land and Sea”.
DSWF Global Canvas 2022 is free to enter and open to children aged 16 and under — either as a group or an individual. Entries for group and individual categories will be judged separately and in the following age groups: age 4-7 years, age 8-11 years, and age 12-16 years. A group entry can be any size from 2 children up to an entire school!
Any art technique is welcome. Entrants can create an artwork of any size that they like, as long as their entry is based on the theme and the work is original. DSWF always likes to see recycled materials used wherever possible. Please note that you mustn’t send us your actual artwork, however. You need to send us a photograph and video of it in addition to completing the relevant group or individual entry form. All entries must be received digitally by 11 June 2022.
Entries will be judged on the quality of art, interpretation of the theme, creativity, and for group entries — level of joint work. The decision of the judges will be final. Competition winners will receive vouchers(代金券) for art supplies, digital animal adoptions and certificates.
1. How many age groups will the entries be classified into?
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
2. Which of the following will fail to meet the requirements of this competition?
A. Making an artwork using recycled materials.
B. Creating an artwork with an ancient art form.
C. Delivering an original physical artwork to DSWF.
D. Sending a digital photo of a completed work on May 1.
3. What is the extra consideration in judging a group entry?
A. Content. B. Cooperation.
C. Creativity. D. Complexity.

Italy’s cheap old homes continue to appeal to hundreds of interested buyers, among whom was Roy Patrick, a 67-year-old British who deals in antiques in Italy. Patrick bought an old school house in the mountain village of Carrega for $16,500. It’s both an adventure and a joy.
Patrick bought the property quite by accident. When told about the wonders of the village, he toured there to take a look and was instantly struck by the 1930s school building. “The house is particular and the view is unique: The way the sun goes down over the mountains, you’d say ‘wow’. It’s a fantastic wonderland,” says Patrick.
The property was offloaded by the local government to boost the populations of communities in decline. Since the purchase, he’s been visiting every two weeks and finds it has many charms. “Top of the list is the friendliness of the local residents, followed by the breathtaking views I get out of the windows looking across the valley,” he adds.
Patrick’s initial encounter with his new home was less than promising. He had to climb through a window to open up the building, which had been shut for decades and whose door was jammed, with the keys nowhere to be found.
However, a later structural disaster turned into a positive story. When an unstable chimney(煙囪) collapsed due to a heavy snow, a neighbor volunteered to climb onto his roof to make it safe. The locals are so welcoming that they are ready to help newcomers.
During the restoration needed to make the old school habitable, Patrick unexpectedly unearthed a great many treasures: dusty piles of old text books, inkwells, pupil registers and other historical items.
Patrick has some advice for those with the thought of buying a house in Carrega: There is absolutely nothing, just great views, pure air and clean surroundings. No bars, supermarkets, or restaurants. A vehicle is essential to move around. However, Carrega does spring to life in the summer when vacationers arrive to relax. “There are nights when people throw a party with loud music,” says Patrick. “Otherwise it’s just singing birds and total silence.”
4. What led to Patrick’s purchase of the old schoolhouse?
A. The locals’ friendly attitude. B. Its location and rising value.
C. Its uniqueness and surroundings. D. The government’s housing welfare.
5. What was the government’s intention of selling the property?
A. To attract more settlers. B. To boost local tourism.
C. To preserve village traditions. D. To reform education system.
6. What’s one of Patrick’s added bonuses of getting the house?
A. Acquiring more personal space. B. Digging up some historical finds.
C. Enjoying a more active social life. D. Getting free home decoration service.
7. How does it feel most of the time living in Carrega?
A. Quiet. B. Lively.
C. Modern. D. Convenient.

Scientists at Nanyang Technological University(NTU) in Singapore have found a new way to handle food waste. They are turning unused durian(榴蓮) fruit coverings into anti-bacterial bandages.
The researchers took fibers from the fruit’s coverings after they were cut and dried. Then they mixed the fibers with a liquid called glycerol(甘油). This mixture becomes a soft substance called hydrogel(水凝膠), which is then made into bandages. The fruit’s coverings make up more than half of a durian’s structure. They are usually thrown away and burned, which adds to environmental waste.
William Chen is director of the food science and technology program at NTU. He said, “In Singapore, we consume about 12 million durians a year, so besides the flesh, we can’t do much about the coverings and the seeds and this causes environmental pollution. So we decided to do something to solve the problem.” Chen added that the technology can also turn other food waste, such as soybeans and grains into hydrogel.
The hydrogel bandages can keep wound areas cooler and more moist(濕潤的) than normal bandages which can help speed up healing. The researchers say using waste materials for the antibacterial bandages is less costly than using normal bandages, for the traditional bandages use metallic compounds like silver or copper, which are more costly than natural waste.
Fruit seller Tan EngChuan said he goes through as much as 1,800 kilograms of durian each day during durian season. He said being able to use the parts of the fruit that are usually thrown away would make enjoying durian, in his words, “more cheerful.”
8. What motivated the researchers to develop he new bandages?
A. The shortage of bandages.
B. The popularity of durian.
C. Pollution caused by durian waste.
D. The rapidly-developing medical industry.
9. What advantages do the hydrogel bandages have over normal ones?
A. They can shorten the healing process.
B. They contain less silver and copper.
C. They bring higher sales of durian.
D. They are better-received by customers.
10. What is Tan EngChuan’s attitude towards the new hydrogel bandages?
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable.
11. Which would be the best tile for the passage?
A. Food Waste Arousing Great Concern of Scientists
B. Singapore Scientists Turning Fruit Leftovers into Bandages
C. Fruit Sellers Witnessing a Rapid Increase in Durian Sales
D. Hydrogel Bandages Functioning Better than You Thought

What makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas(大猩猩) have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots(which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as uniquely human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.
Among the invertebrates, octopuses(八爪魚) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.
Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations(especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way.
Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.
12. The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they ________.
A. are not easy to fool
B. prefer fruit to vegetables
C. have a special taste for food
D. have an awareness of equality
13. What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins?
A. Social interaction. B. Intelligence.
C. Tool using ability. D. Fun-loving spirits.
14. What makes dolphin culture special?
A. They tend to hunt in groups.
B. Their hunting skills are passed down.
C. Their learning environment is favourable.
D. Their families are typically female-controlled.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.
B. Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.
C. Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.
D. Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.


二、七選五
Motivation is the desire to act in service of a goal. It’s the crucial element in setting and attaining our objectives. Some of the most common goals people make — and the most common goals they struggle to meet — are to eat healthier, work out more, and save more money. Many traps can prevent people from achieving those goals, but predicting those challenges can help achieve real change.
Many people struggle to stick to a diet. Research suggests that extrinsic(外在的) motivators — to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit — can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation — interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey — is key to sustained, lasting weight loss.____16____So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not “assigned” by others.
There are a few creative ideas to consider if motivation is a barrier to exercise. One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video.____17____Yet you can also establish a social contract with a friend or family member. For example, if you allow phone time to replace exercise, you must donate to a cause of the other person’s choosing.
____18____The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. This focused goal will build habits that become sustainable saving. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars, because repeat helps to form habits. Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar.____19____In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset.
Most people, unfortunately, fail to follow through on their New Year’s resolutions. This might be because people tend to set overwhelming goals, engage in all-or-nothing thinking, don’t predict barriers, and beat themselves up when they get off track. By addressing those traps, people are more likely to truly achieve their goals.
Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. ____20____It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals.
A. It is helpful to find a community of supporters.
B. People can break large goals into smaller pieces.
C. Eventually, consistently spend less than you make.
D. The following steps can help cultivate the habit of saving money.
E. Intrinsic motivation includes competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
F. Motivation includes the desire toward meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.
G. Another is to make exercise more enjoyable, such as by listening to a book on tape.


三、完形填空
My mother used to say that when your mother was really good at something, you didn’t learn to do it. What she said was ____21____. My grandmother was skilled in baking and cooking, but my mother was a barely ____22____ cook for our family of seven. We didn’t ____23____; we had meat, potatoes and another vegetable at every meal out of a can.
Baking was not Mom’s ____24____, so on Saturday mornings, she would ____25____ us to the bakery for fresh cake. Mom did learn to make the ____26____ Dad loved — bacon and eggs, spare ribs(排骨) and, ____27____, potato salad. Potato salad was my mom’s major ____28____ to every summer, ____29____ eating such a dish on a hot July day wasn’t a good idea. Mayonnaise(蛋黃醬) in it could be difficult to ____30____ and you might have to go to the bathroom frequently.
Case in point: the time my uncle and aunt and their six kids ____31____ at the lake with us. The ____32____ included burgers, burnt or slightly raw, lots of pop, and Mom’s potato salad. We spent hours at the lake. Unfortunately, so did the salad.
____33____, I realize that polishing off Mom’s potato salad may have been the reason that Dad finally built us a second bathroom, which ____34____ that everything can have a bright side. My mother didn’t ____35____ in the kitchen, but I miss her cooking so much.
21. A. crazy B. true C. simple D. strange
22. A. additional B. efficient C. acceptable D. instant
23. A. attend B. refuse C. starve D. escape
24. A. strength B. course C. challenge D. dream
25. A. expose B. hire C. send D. compare
26. A. clothes B. foods C. drinks D. tools
27. A. hardly B. immediately C. equally D. particularly
28. A. contribution B. adjustment C. introduction D. reference
29. A. since B. although C. if D. unless
30. A. discover B. select C. understand D. digest
31. A. fought B. swam C. rested D. picnicked
32. A. price B. bill C. menu D. tour
33. A. Turning around B. Looking back C. Going away D. Moving on
34. A. guarantees B. claims C. proves D. assumes
35. A. shine B. cook C. sing D. stand


語法填空
It was Dragon Boat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, _____36_____ (provide) shade and refreshments for Dragon Boat paddlers(槳手) from all over California, _____37_____ gathered around the Castaic Lake for a festive competition.
Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, _____38_____ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore. “It’s a great day out,” said Paul Lin, co-founder for Castaic’s own Dragon Eyes team.
Dragonboat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, _____39_____ (origin) in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity(神) in an effort to call down rain _____40_____ avoid misfortune and disaster.
In the race, a drummer _____41_____ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.
Lin said a friend got him _____42_____ (involve) in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they _____43_____ (decide) to host their own festival. “There’s something really special to be learned from our dragon boat motto: One Boat, One Beat,” he said. “Paddlers come from all walks of life and that kind of closeness with people is nowhere else to be seen.”
“We really want to help expand _____44_____ (aware) and grow the sport,” Lin said. “We’re hoping one day it’ll become ______45______ Olympic sport.”


書面表達
假定你是李華，中國農(nóng)歷正月14-16日你市將舉辦元宵節(jié)文化活動。你校外教John對中國傳統(tǒng)文化很感興趣，請用英語寫一封信，邀請他一起參加活動，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 寫信的目的；
2. 活動的時間和地點；
3. 活動的內(nèi)容和意義。
注意：
1. 寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Dear John,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

第二部分、讀后續(xù)寫
When the last customer left KFC, it was already 10:30 pm. Adam, an 18-year-old college student, dragged himself home. He had been working at KFC for over a month that summer vacation.
Entering his room, Adam found his younger brother Bill sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.
“Sorry, Adam. I … I did something wrong,” Bill sprang up and said nervously.
“What is it?”
“This afternoon I sneaked(溜) out for a ride on your motorcycle and accidentally hit our neighbor Osman Brook’s car. I was so scared and I … I hurried home in panic.”
“Is the car seriously damaged?”
“The left headlight got broken.”
“It’s truly your fault and it’s really dangerous to ride a motorcycle at your age. Besides, it’s illegal,” Adam raised his voice, obviously annoyed. Hearing this, Bill lowered his head and bit his lips hard.
“Anyway, it’s no use crying over spilt milk. I will deal with it tomorrow. Now you go to bed and have a good sleep.”
The next morning when Adam got up, Bill was still sleeping soundly. Adam was more determined about what he ought to do as an elder brother.
After breakfast, Adam took out all the money he had earned and went out of the house with it. In the yard he saw his motorcycle, on whose side the scratches(劃痕) were clearly visible. Adam shook his head and sighed slightly. Then he squared his shoulders and quickened his pace to Osman’s house.
When he arrived, he was welcomed by Osman’s wife Mary, who told him that Osman had gone to the garage to have his car repaired.
“I have something important to tell him. Can I wait until he comes back?” Adam requested eagerly.
“Of course. He should be home soon,” Mary invited Adam in, served him a cup of coffee and began chatting with him.
After half an hour, the door opened and in came Osman. Having said hello to each other, Osman and Adam both sat down on the sofa.
注意：
1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Adam cleared his throat and began to speak.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just then, there came a knock at the door.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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1. C????2. C????3. B
本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了一年一度的全球兒童油畫藝術(shù)競賽的相關(guān)事宜。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Entries for group and individual categories will be judged separately and in the following age groups: age 4-7 years, age 8-11 years, and age 12-16 years.（團體和個人組別的參賽作品將分別在以下年齡組進行評判：4-7歲，8-11歲，12-16歲）”可知，參賽作品會分為3個年齡組別。故選C項。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Please note that you mustn’t send us your actual artwork, however. You need to send us a photograph and video of it in addition to completing the relevant group or individual entry form.（然而，請注意，你不能寄給我們你的實際作品。除了填寫相關(guān)的團體或個人報名表外，您還需要將參賽作品的照片和視頻發(fā)給我們）”可知，向DSWF提供原始實物藝術(shù)品不滿足本次競賽的要求。故選C項。
3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段中“Entries will be judged on the quality of art, interpretation of the theme, creativity, and for group entries — level of joint work.（參賽作品將根據(jù)藝術(shù)質(zhì)量、主題闡釋、創(chuàng)造力和團體作品的聯(lián)合工作水平進行評判）”可知，評判團體參賽作品時，要額外考慮“l(fā)evel of joint work”，即合作水平。故選B項。
4. C????5. A????6. B????7. A
這是一篇記敘文。67歲的英國人羅伊·帕特里克在意大利從事古董交易。帕特里克以16500美元的價格在卡雷加山村買了一棟舊校舍。本文介紹了這既冒險又有趣的經(jīng)過。
4. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The house is particular and the view is unique: The way the sun goes down over the mountains, you’d say ‘wow’. It’s a fantastic wonderland.”（這棟房子很特別，風景也很獨特：當太陽下山時，你會說‘哇’。這是一個奇妙的仙境。）可知，帕特里克買這舊校舍，是因為它很特別，而且周邊環(huán)境也很特別。選項C“它的獨特性和周圍環(huán)境?！狈衔囊?，故選C。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The property was offloaded by the local government to boost the populations of communities in decline.”（當?shù)卣鲎屃诉@塊地產(chǎn)，以增加衰落社區(qū)的人口。）可知，政府賣掉這塊地的意圖是為了增加人口，為了吸引更多的居住者。故選A。
6. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“During the restoration needed to make the old school habitable, Patrick unexpectedly unearthed a great many treasures: dusty piles of old text books, inkwells, pupil registers and other historical items.”（在修復舊學校以使其適于居住的過程中，帕特里克意外地挖掘出了許多寶藏：積滿灰塵的成堆的舊教科書、墨水瓶、學生登記冊和其他歷史物品。）可知，帕特里克本來只是買了一個舊校舍，卻從中發(fā)掘了一些珍貴的歷史物品，這就是added bonuses（額外的福利）了。B選項“挖掘一些歷史發(fā)現(xiàn)?！狈衔囊?，故選B。
7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘There are nights when people throw a party with loud music,’ says Patrick. Otherwise it’s just singing birds and total silence.”（帕特里克說：‘有些夜晚，人們會開著喧鬧的音樂派對?！酥?，只有鳥兒在歌唱，一片寂靜。）可推斷，除了夏夜開音樂派對的時候，這個地方會有點喧鬧，其余時間都是安靜的。故選A。
8. C????9. A????10. D????11. B
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新加坡南洋理工大學（NTU）的科學家們利用廢棄的榴蓮果殼制成抗菌繃帶。
8. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The fruit’s coverings make up more than half of a durian’s structure. They are usually thrown away and burned, which adds to environmental waste.（榴蓮的外殼占了整個結(jié)構(gòu)的一半以上。它們通常被扔掉并焚燒，這增加了環(huán)境浪費。）”和第三段“He said, ‘In Singapore, we consume about 12 million durians a year, so besides the flesh, we can’t do much about the coverings and the seeds and this causes environmental pollution. So we decided to do something to solve the problem.’（他說：‘在新加坡，我們每年消費大約1200萬個榴蓮，所以除了果肉外，我們對外殼和種子無能為力，這會造成環(huán)境污染。所以我們決定做點什么來解決這個問題。’）”可知，榴蓮的廢棄物造成的污染促使研究人員開發(fā)新的繃帶。故選C。
9. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The hydrogel bandages can keep wound areas cooler and more moist(濕潤的) than normal bandages which can help speed up healing.（這種水凝膠繃帶可以使傷口比普通繃帶更涼爽、更濕潤，有助于加速愈合。）”可知，水凝膠繃帶與普通繃帶相比，它們可以縮短愈合過程。故選A。
10. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“He said being able to use the parts of the fruit that are usually thrown away would make enjoying durian, in his words, ‘more cheerful.’（能夠使用那些榴蓮上通常被扔掉的部分，用他的話來說，會讓享用榴蓮‘更加愉悅’。）”可推斷，Tan EngChuan對榴蓮被扔掉的部分制成新型水凝膠繃帶的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選D。
11. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientists at Nanyang Technological University(NTU) in Singapore have found a new way to handle food waste. They are turning unused durian(榴蓮) fruit coverings into anti-bacterial bandages.（新加坡南洋理工大學（NTU）的科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種處理食物垃圾的新方法。他們把沒用過的榴蓮果殼制成抗菌繃帶。）”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了新加坡南洋理工大學（NTU）的科學家們利用廢棄的榴蓮果殼制成抗菌繃帶。所以“Singapore Scientists Turning Fruit Leftovers into Bandages（新加坡科學家將水果的殘留物制成繃帶）”作為文章標題最為合適。故選B。
12. D????13. A????14. B????15. D
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了是什么讓人類如此特別？工具使用、自我意識、語言和文化都排在前列，但事實上，所有這些特征都可以在動物王國的其他地方找到，并以海豚為例，說明了海豚文化和海豚的心智技能。
12. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas(大猩猩) have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots(which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes.”（人類和猿類是近親，所以黑猩猩會使用工具或者大猩猩有公平競爭的意識也就不足為奇了，當它們看到自己的鄰居拿葡萄時，它們甚至會拒絕胡蘿卜（它們通常會接受））可知大猩猩拒絕胡蘿卜的例子表明它們有平等意識。故選D。
13. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Among the invertebrates, octopuses(八爪魚) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.”（在無脊椎動物中，章魚以它們的智力而聞名，甚至顯示出頑皮、使用工具和個性的證據(jù)。但這些熟練的捕食者獨自生活，因此缺乏文化。另一方面，海豚是腦容量大、壽命長、以社會群體為基礎的掠食者，正是在這里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們與類人文化和意識的最大相似之處）可知和海豚相比，章魚缺少社會互動。故選A。
14. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations(especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way.”（從這個意義上說，許多動物都有文化，但讓海豚與眾不同的是它們傳承的文化。一些寬吻海豚嘴里銜著海綿，它們用海綿作為工具來清掃躲藏在海底的魚類。這種能力代代相傳（尤其是雌性），一些家庭——祖母、母親和女兒——都以這種高度專門化的方式喂養(yǎng)）可知讓海豚文化如此特別的是它們的狩獵技巧代代相傳。故選B。
15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.”（海豚不僅能認出自己，而且如果海豚身上有一個黑色的標記，它會花額外的時間在鏡子前看這個標記）可推知海豚識別自己倒影的能力是一種更高階的心智技能。故選D。
16. E????17. G????18. D????19. C????20. F
本文是說明文。文章通過減肥和省錢兩個例子，講解了動力的分類和為自己創(chuàng)造動力的方法。說明動力是行為背后的主要驅(qū)動力之一。
16. 上文“Research suggests that extrinsic motivators — to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit — can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation — interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey—is key to sustained, lasting weight loss.（研究表明，外在的動機——避免傷害性的評價或為了穿某件衣服——可以啟動這個過程，但內(nèi)在的動機——興趣，享受和過程中的挑戰(zhàn)——是持續(xù)，持久減肥的關(guān)鍵。）”空處承上啟下，下文“So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not ‘a(chǎn)ssigned’ by others.（因此，選擇一種能夠持續(xù)有效的飲食方式是很有幫助的，并且相信節(jié)食，開始的日期和最終目標是自主選擇的，而不是由他人‘指派’。）”空前講了外在動機和內(nèi)在動機的區(qū)別。空后講人們要選擇一種持續(xù)有效的方式減肥。所以空處承上啟下，說明內(nèi)在動力的含義和內(nèi)容。故E選項“內(nèi)在動機包括能力、自主性和關(guān)聯(lián)性”符合語境。故選E項。
17. 上文“One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video.（一個是擴大你的選擇：如果你沒有時間去健身房，可以通過散步，做自重運動，或看瑜伽視頻來鍛煉。）”因為句中有“one”，講了第一種讓自己有動力運動的方式。所以接下來應該講另外一種方式。故G選項“另一種方法是讓鍛煉變得更有趣，比如聽磁帶看書。”符合語境。故選G項。
18. 下文“The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars.（首先是為應急基金設定一個具體的儲蓄目標。第二是每天都要節(jié)省一些東西，哪怕只是幾塊錢。）”說明了前兩個步驟，因此空中應填總結(jié)性的句子。故D選項“下面的步驟可以幫助培養(yǎng)存錢的習慣”符合語境。故選D項。
19. 上文“Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar.（第三，讓儲蓄看得見，無論是通過在線檢查儲蓄賬戶，還是將現(xiàn)金放在玻璃罐中。）”空處承上啟下，下文“In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset.（除了培養(yǎng)儲蓄態(tài)度外，改變消費心態(tài)也很重要。）”空前講了三種省錢的方式，空處應該講第四種方法。故C選項“最后，堅持花得比掙得少”符合語境。故選C項。
20. 上文“Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression.（動機是人類行為背后的驅(qū)動力之一。它助長了競爭，激發(fā)了社會聯(lián)系。它的缺失會導致精神疾病，如抑郁癥。）”下文“It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals.（這是制定和實現(xiàn)我們目標的關(guān)鍵因素。）”因為上下文都在討論“motivation（動力）”，所以空處也和動力有關(guān)。動機包括對意義，對目標和有價值的生活的渴望。這是我們定制實現(xiàn)目標的關(guān)鍵。故F選項“動機包括對意義、目的和生活價值的渴望”。故選F項。

21. B????22. C????23. C????24. A????25. C????26. B????27. D????28. A????29. B????30. D????31. D????32. C????33. B????34. C????35. A
這是一篇記敘文，作者回憶了媽媽做的菜，指出雖然媽媽并不擅長廚藝，但作者還是想念她做的菜。
21. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說的話是正確的。A. crazy瘋狂的；B. true真實的，正確的；C. simple簡單的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。上文“My mother used to say that when your mother was really good at something, you didn’t learn to do it.（我媽媽曾經(jīng)說過，當你的媽媽非常擅長某件事時，你不會學著去做）”和下一句內(nèi)容講祖母很擅長烘焙和烹飪，但是媽媽不擅長做飯，所以此處指她說的話是正確的。故選B。
22. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的祖母擅長烘焙和烹飪，但對于我們一家七口來說，媽媽的廚藝差強人意。A. additional額外的；B. efficient效率高的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. instant立刻的。根據(jù)上文“My grandmother was skilled in baking and cooking”及轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，祖母很擅長廚藝，但是媽媽的廚藝幾乎無法令人接受，故選C。
23. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們沒有挨餓；我們每頓飯都有肉、土豆和其他蔬菜，都是罐裝的。A. attend參加；B. refuse拒絕；C. starve挨餓；D. escape逃跑。根據(jù)下文“we had meat, potatoes and another vegetable at every meal out of a can”可知，我們沒有挨餓。故選C。
24. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：烘焙不是媽媽的強項，所以周六早上，她會讓我們?nèi)ッ姘曩I新鮮的蛋糕。A. strength優(yōu)勢；B. course課程；C. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D. dream夢想。根據(jù)下文“she would ____5____ us to the bakery for fresh cake”可知，烘焙不是媽媽的優(yōu)勢，故選A。
25. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. expose暴露；B. hire租用；C. send派遣，打發(fā)；D. compare比較。根據(jù)空后“to the bakery for fresh cake”可知，媽媽打發(fā)我們?nèi)ッ姘曩I新鮮的蛋糕，故選C。
26. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：媽媽確實學會了做爸爸愛吃的食物——熏肉、雞蛋、排骨，尤其是土豆沙拉。A. clothes衣服；B. foods食物；C. drinks飲料；D. tools工具。根據(jù)破折號后“bacon and eggs, spare ribs(排骨) and, ____7____, potato salad”可知，媽媽學習做爸爸愛吃的食物，故選B。
27. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. hardly幾乎不；B. immediately立即；C. equally平等地；D. particularly尤其，特別是。根據(jù)下一句“Potato salad was my mom’s major ____8____ to every summer”可知，媽媽尤其會做土豆沙拉，故選D。
28. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：土豆沙拉是我媽媽每年夏天的主要貢獻，盡管在炎熱的7月吃這樣的菜不是一個好主意。A. contribution貢獻；B. adjustment調(diào)整；C. introduction介紹；D. reference參考。結(jié)合語境可知，媽媽尤其會做土豆沙拉，所以此處指這道菜是媽媽每年夏天的主要貢獻，故選A。
29. 考查連詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. since自從，因為；B. although盡管，雖然；C. if如果；D. unless除非。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示讓步關(guān)系，用although引導讓步狀語從句。故選B。
30. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：里面的蛋黃醬可能很難消化，你可能要經(jīng)常上廁所。A. discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. select選擇；C. understand理解；D. digest消化。根據(jù)下文“you might have to go to the bathroom frequently”可知，土豆沙拉里面的蛋黃醬很難消化，故選D。
31. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：舉個恰當?shù)睦樱河幸淮挝沂迨?、阿姨和他們的六個孩子和我們一起在湖邊野餐。A. fought與……作斗爭；B. swam游泳；C. rested休息；D. picnicked去野餐。結(jié)合語境及“at the lake”可知，此處指在湖邊野餐，故選D。
32. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：菜單上有漢堡，烤的或稍微生的，很多汽水，還有媽媽做的土豆沙拉。A. price價格；B. bill賬單；C. menu菜單；D. tour旅行。根據(jù)下文“burgers, burnt or slightly raw, lots of pop, and Mom’s potato salad”可知，此處指菜單上有各種食物，故選C。
33. 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：回想起來，我意識到，可能是把媽媽的土豆沙拉迅速吃光的原因，爸爸終于給我們建了第二間浴室，這證明了任何事情都有好的一面。A. Turning around轉(zhuǎn)身；B. Looking back回顧；C. Going away走開；D. Moving on繼續(xù)前進。根據(jù)語境及“I realize that…”可知，此處指作者回顧過往意識到的事，故選B。
34. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. guarantees保證；B. claims聲稱；C. proves證明；D. assumes假設。結(jié)合語境可知，因為把媽媽的土豆沙拉迅速吃光，所以爸爸終于給我們建了第二間浴室，說明這件事證明了任何事情都有好的一面，故選C。
35. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的媽媽在廚房里并不出眾，但我非常想念她做的菜。A. shine發(fā)光，出色；B. cook烹飪；C. sing唱歌；D. stand忍受。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容及“but I miss her cooking so much”可知，此處指雖然媽媽不擅長廚藝，但是作者還是想念她做的菜。故選A。

36. providing????37. who????38. with????39. originally????40. and????41. uses????42. involved????43. decided????44. awareness????45. an
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)的龍舟比賽在美國加州的卡斯泰克湖舉行的盛況。
36. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：閃亮的白色帳篷排列在湖邊碼頭，為來自加州各地并在卡斯泰克湖周圍聚集參加節(jié)日比賽的龍舟槳手提供了陰涼和茶點。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處應填入非謂語動詞形式。provide意為“提供”，和它的邏輯主語tents為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應填入現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語，故填providing。
37. 考查定語從句。句意：同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子為以paddlers為先行詞的非限制性定語從句，先行詞paddlers指人,關(guān)系詞在句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。
38. 考查介詞。句意：咯咯笑著的孩子們沿著湖邊的沙灘歡快地奔跑，他們的父母在岸邊樹下的野餐區(qū)享受著陰涼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句中“__________ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore”為with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中做伴隨狀語，故填with。
39. 考查副詞。句意：賽龍舟在中國已經(jīng)有數(shù)千年的歷史，最初是為了紀念水神或龍神，目的是為了求雨并避開厄運與災難。分析句子可知，副詞originally作狀語修飾后面的介詞短語“in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity”，故填originally。
40. 考查連詞。句意：同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“call down rain”和“avoid misfortune and disaster”之間是并列關(guān)系，應使用并列連詞，故填and。
41. 考查時態(tài)。句意：在比賽中，敲鼓手敲響傳統(tǒng)的大木鼓使槳手保持節(jié)奏，同時后面的舵手保持航向。根據(jù)句意，“在比賽中，敲鼓手敲響傳統(tǒng)的大木鼓”是一個客觀事實，應使用一般現(xiàn)在時，又因為句子的主語drummer是單數(shù)第三人稱，故填uses。
42. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：Lin說，十幾年前一位朋友讓他參加了龍舟比賽。分析句子可知，空白處應填入非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語是前面的him，兩者之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應使用過去分詞表被動，故填involved。
43. 考查時態(tài)。句意：2018年，他們決定舉辦自己的節(jié)日。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“In 2018”可知句子陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞應使用一般過去時的形式，故填decided。
44. 考查名詞。句意：Lin說，我們真的希望擴大人們對賽龍舟的認知并把這項運動發(fā)揚光大。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處做動詞expand的賓語，應使用名詞awareness，不可數(shù)，故填awareness。
45. 考查冠詞。句意：我們希望有一天它能成為一項奧運會的運動項目。分析句子可知，泛指一項奧林匹克運動項目應使用不定冠詞，且空白處后面的“Olympic”的第一個音素為元音音素，故填an。
Dear John,
Since you’re keen on Chinese traditional culture, I’d like to invite you to the Lantern Festival activities, which will take place in the Culture Square from February 14 to February 16 of Chinese lunar calendar.
The activities involve some fascinating performances like lion dances, stilt walking and land boat rowing. We can also appreciate various handmade lanterns and guess the riddles on them or taste yuanxiao, a typical food for the festival. All the activities will help preserve and promote Chinese traditional culture and I believe it will be a rewarding experience.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇書面表達屬于應用文。要求考生給外教約翰寫信，邀請他一起參加元宵節(jié)文化活動。
1. 詞匯積累
包括：involve→include
精彩的：fascinating→wonderful
欣賞：appreciate→enjoy
保護：preserve→protect
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：We can also appreciate various handmade lanterns and guess the riddles on them or taste yuanxiao, a typical food for the festival.
拓展句：We can also appreciate various handmade lanterns and guess the riddles on them or taste yuanxiao which is a typical food for the festival.
高分句型1：Since you’re keen on Chinese traditional culture, I’d like to invite you to the Lantern Festival activities, which will take place in the Culture Square from February 14 to February 16 of Chinese lunar calendar.（運用了since引導原因狀語從句，which引導非限制性定語從句）
高分句型2：All the activities will help preserve and promote Chinese traditional culture and I believe it will be a rewarding experience.（運用了省略that引導賓語從句）
Adam cleared his throat and began to speak. “Mr. Brook, I’m here to make an apology. Yesterday afternoon my brother Bill damaged your car and ran away in panic. We are awfully sorry for that.” “Oh, I see. But it’s no big deal,” Osman smiled. Then Adam drew out the money from his pocket and said to Osman with sincerity, “This is all the money I have. I wonder if it can pay for your loss.” However, Osman insisted that it was only minor damage and declined to take it.
Just then, there came a knock at the door. Osman went to answer it, only to find Bill standing outside. “Morning, Mr. Brook. I … I’ve come to say sorry for …” Bill stammered. But Osman laughed and let him in. The two brothers were both surprised and glad to see each other. Osman gave them a thumbs-up and praised them happily, “Good boys, I truly appreciate your honesty. Just forget about my car.” Whatever the boys said, Osman wouldn’t take the money. Finally, he accepted their suggestion that they make it up to him by doing some work in his garden.
本文以人物為線索展開，講述了在肯德基打暑假工的亞當深夜回家后得知弟弟比爾偷開他的摩托車還把鄰居奧斯曼的汽車的左前燈撞壞了，盡管亞當很生氣，但是第二天一早帶著打工賺的錢就去奧斯曼家道歉，他正要掏錢賠償時，比爾也來了，奧斯曼很欣賞兄弟倆的誠實，沒有收錢，但是接受了他們在他家花園里干點活來補償他的損失的建議。
1. 段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“亞當清了清嗓子，開始說話?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼憗啴敒榈艿艿倪^錯向奧斯曼道歉，并愿意賠償，但是奧斯曼認為沒有必要賠償了。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“正在這時，傳來了敲門聲。”可知，第二段可描寫比爾也來道歉，奧斯曼很欣賞兄弟倆的誠實，堅決不收錢，但是接受了兩人在花園里干點活來補償他的損失的建議。
2. 續(xù)寫線索：亞當?shù)狼覆①r償——奧斯曼拒絕賠償——比爾上門道歉——奧斯曼欣賞兩人的誠實——奧斯曼拒絕接受賠償?shù)邮軒透蓤@藝活的建議
3. s詞匯激活
行為類
①道歉：make an apology/apologize/say sorry
②取出：draw out/take out
③拒絕：decline/refuse politely
情緒類
①非常抱歉：be awfully sorry/feel most regretful
②驚慌地：in panic/in alarm
高分句型1：Osman insisted that it was only minor damage and declined to take it.（由連接詞that引導的賓語從句）
高分句型2：Osman went to answer it, only to find Bill standing outside.（由不定式短語作狀語，表意料之外的結(jié)果）
高分句型3：Whatever the boys said, Osman wouldn’t take the money.（whatever引導的讓步狀語從句）