2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省無錫市江陰高級中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷(含答案解析)

這是一份2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省無錫市江陰高級中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷(含答案解析)，共22頁。
?2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省無錫市江陰高級中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷

A
If you love talking about past and future vacations almost as much as you love actually going on them，this card game Destination Anywhere from TableTopics is for you.
There aren't any rules — it's just you，your friends，and 135 cards printed with conversation starters that all relate to travel.The questions are open-ended enough to invite general answers，but they'll also probably prompt （提示） you to share your most funny stories from previous short trips. "What do you always forget when you're packing for a trip？" may，for example，remind you of the time when you forgot to bring your tent on a week-long hike along the Appalachian Trail.And "Do you prefer making tours or seeing sites on your own？" is practically begging your sister to talk about the time she got lost on a self-guided tour through the Tuscan countryside and was rescued by a kindly old sheep herder.The game is recommended to ages 12 and up，and you can get it on Amazon for ﹩25.
And if the Destination Anywhere edition （版本） doesn't dominate your thoughts，there are plenty of other TableTopics editions that you might want to bring to your next family dinner.The "Geek Pop!" edition （﹩22）could encourage a lively debate about which of Doctor Who's Doctors has the most memorable catchphrase （名言）. "Not Your Mom's Dinner Party" （﹩25）will keep your guests entertained with questions like "Have you ever been escorted （護送） out by security？" and it is strictly for adults.
The "Family" edition （﹩25）is a great way to get silent kids to come out of their shells a little. "Would you rather know how to fly a plane，drive a race car，or rock climb？" pretty much guarantees an answer that isn't "Yes，" "No，" or "Good."
You can browse all the TableTopics card sets on Amazon.
1. What do we know about the game Destination Anywhere？ ______
A. It has some simple rules.
B. It is not suitable for adults to play.
C. It gets people to talk about their trips.
D. It is the cheapest of all the TableTopics card games.
2. Which of the following can help encourage a 10-year-old kid to talk？ ______
A. The "Family" edition.
B. The "Geek Pop!" edition.
C. The "Destination Anywhere" edition.
D. The "Not Your Mom's Dinner Party" edition.
3. What's the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To advise people to talk with others.
B. To encourage people to go on vacation.
C. To recommend the TableTopics card sets.
D. To show how to play the TableTopics card games.
B
Claire Wyatt，a 24-year-old British volunteer，led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh，the nation's capital，to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need amid the coronavirus pandemic （新冠病毒大流行）.
"Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me，" said Claire. "Not only was I inspired by the determination of each and every rider，but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability."
When she was first asked to lead the excursion，Claire admitted，she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days，because cycling with a disability can come with added physical and emotional （情感的） challenges.
One team member named Dy，who lost an arm in a landmine （地雷） accident，biked using just one arm to balance.Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to paralysis from polio （脊髓灰質(zhì)炎） .Despite all the difficulties，Claire realized quickly that she didn't have to worry about her team.She saw them deal with rough terrain （地形） that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.
The volunteers covered the distance in just four days，not only helping so many people across the country，but also overcoming huge barriers （障礙） to get there.
"The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this.They are so passionate about Cambodia and raising money for others in need，" said Claire. "The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap."
Claire recalled her favorite moment of the experience，when one of the cyclists pushed an exhausted teammate up a hill for 2 miles.
"One moment that stood out for me was when Naret，our only female rider，was feeling tired，" she said. "Her fellow rider gently put his hand on her back and pushed her for 2 miles!They were encouraging each other to push through the tiredness."
4. Why did Claire and eight Cambodians cycle 155 miles？ ______
A. To challenge themselves. B. To help out needy people.
C. To take part in a competition. D. To raise money for the disabled.
5. What worried Claire before the ride？ ______
A. She might be injured on the road.
B. She would be unable to lead the team.
C. Her team might be looked down on.
D. Her team couldn't finish the course.
6. Which of the following can best describe the team？ ______
A. Confident，passionate and friendly.
B. Honest，patient and open-minded.
C. Strong-minded，brave and caring.
D. Curious，creative and inspiring.
7. What did Claire think of the journey？ ______
A. It could have taken less time.
B. It was amazing and inspiring.
C. It changed her idea about human nature.
D. It was more difficult than she had expected.
C
Despite not being documented by researchers since 1968，the sengi（象鼩），a tiny bigeyed mouse with a long tail and a trunklike nose that's native to Somalia in Africa，was rediscovered living in wellpreserved habitat in neighboring Djibouti last year，and in quite healthy numbers.
An exploration beginning in 2019 looked to use local knowledge about the sengi from the people of Djibouti who said it was still there.Sure enough，it took only one trap filled with coconut，peanut butter and yeast to find the little guy.
"It was surprising，" said Steven Heritage，a research scientist at Duke University in the US. "When we opened the first trap and saw the little tuft of hair on the tip of its tail，we just looked at one another and couldn't believe it.A number of small mammal（哺乳動物） surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti—it was indeed a discovery."
One of the least understood members of the 20 species Elephantulus（象鼩屬），the sengi lives in habitats that are unsuitable for most human activities，allowing it to remain relatively undisturbed and safe.
"Usually when we rediscover lost species，we find just one or two individuals and have to act quickly to try to prevent their extinction，" said Robin Moore，of the Global Wildlife Conservation （GWC） group.
The team set 1，000 traps and caught 12 of the little sengis while making the first video and photographic documentation of the animal for science.Along with rediscovering the species，the team gathered DNA samples which later showed the Somali sengi to be more closely related to sengis in other corners of Africa like Morocco and South Africa.
This finding has suggested that the Somali sengi needs to be placed in a new genus—moving from Elephantulus to Galegeeska.
Like all great discoveries in science，the questions answered are only equal to the new mysteries presented，but the researchers' work has highlighted Djibouti as a biodiverse（具有生物多樣性的） nation worthy of scientific study.With any luck，perhaps more discoveries are waiting to be made among its desert and salt lakes.
8. What made the finding of the Somali sengi special？ ______
A. It was rediscovered by Somalis.
B. It looked surprisingly different.
C. It reappeared in Africa after 53 years.
D. It had become smart enough to avoid being trapped.
9. What does the underlined word "serendipitous" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Unrealistic. B. Scientific. C. Unreported. D. Accidental.
10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？ ______
A. How the Somali sengi manages to survive.
B. Why the Somali sengi can live peacefully.
C. How human activities affect the Somali sengi.
D. What environment the Somali sengi should live in.
11. How did the team know the relationships between the Somali sengi and other sengis？ ______
A. By doing DNA tests for them.
B. By studying their living habits.
C. By comparing their appearances.
D. By studying documents about them.
D
With the recent discussion about the health benefits of fish oil and other wellness plans，it can make you feel less worried to know that one thing never changes：Exercise is good for your health.Any movement，even walking，brings about a host of cardiovascular （心血管的） effects that can help you live longer，feel better，and not run out of breath when chasing children or small animals.
The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to discussion.The answer often depends on your goals.For heart health，sessions four to five times weekly might be perfect.For mental health？As The Independent reports，scientists believe there's a pretty specific prescription （處方）： Exercising for 45 minutes three to five times a week.
Researchers at Yale University and the University of Oxford made the study.They examined 1.2 million subjects （實驗對象） who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals （間隔時間） between 2011 and 2015.
Subjects who didn't exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell — stressed，depressed，or suffering from emotional problems — while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.
The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions of exercise a week was best for reducing the reported problems of feeling stressed or depressed.Exercising for longer periods — some subjects reported more than 90 minutes in the gym — was connected with a drop-off in mental health benefits.Subjects who spent three hours at a time exercising actually reported an increase in depressive symptoms （癥狀）.
Researchers also found that the kind of exercise undertaken made a difference.While all kinds of exercise helped，people who took part in team sports promoting social communication and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.
Because the study included self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn't monitored，it's possible that the subjects could have misread the amount of exercise performed.The study，however，makes a convincing case for a popular opinion：If exercise were a pill，doctors everywhere would be prescribing it.
12. The perfect amount of exercise for a person is usually decided by ______ .
A. his exercise routine B. his physical condition
C. what sports he prefers D. what he expects to improve
13. What do the numbers in paragraphs 4 and 5 show？ ______
A. The health benefits of exercise.
B. People's response to hard exercise.
C. How exercise influences one's mental health.
D. Why positive attitudes promote one's exercise.
14. Which of the following sports may bring people more pleasure？ ______
A. Tai chi. B. Volleyball. C. Climbing. D. Diving.
15. What may be the reason for the disadvantage of the study？ ______
A. Too few participants.
B. Its researchers' personal interests.
C. The subjects' personal judgments.
D. Its failure to consider doctors' suggestions.
Seventeen government departments released a guideline on Tuesday to boost （提高） the birth rate across the country. (1)
All counties，cities and provinces are required to set up at least one government-funded maternity（產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院） and child care institution （機構(gòu)） to improve the welfare （福利） of pregnant women and newborn babies. (2) Tailored campaigns to build more cheaper nursery services，such as day care and kindergartens，are being promoted.
Employers，schools，communities and social organizations are encouraged to offer child care services during the summer and winter vacations.
Workplaces are encouraged to have a flexible working system.Employers can discuss with employees ways of creating a flexible working mechanism（機制），such as a work-from-home system，to help employees solve difficulties in child care， (3) The maternity leave system is being improved across the country，helping employees balance work and family，as well as promoting fair employment and career development.
(4) to ensure the safety of the maternity fund.Unemployed women can enjoy maternity medical care by participating in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.
(5) For example，cities are encouraged to raise the amount of housing loans with lower interest rates to those families.

A.including sending and picking up children from schools and taking care of sick and young children.
B.including losing temper while tutoring children with their homework.
C.The State will draw up a maternity insurance payment policy
D.Families without children will have stricter restrictions on house purchases.
E.Beneficial housing policies are being offered to families with more children.
F.Below are some of the specific measures.
G.More low-cost nursing services will also be provided.
16. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
With the rise of social media in recent years，young people around the globe have easy access to shocking (21) about how we're currently (22) to look after the Earth.Websites provide accessible information about (23) matters that quickly have millions of views，and links （鏈接） to new scientific information are easily (24).But，it's not just online research that uncovers the (25)，and it's not a distant threat either. (26) change is happening around us；our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic （酸性的） and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.
Of course，just because (27) people are now readily armed with such information doesn't mean all (28) will eagerly listen to them.Many (29) young activists simply due to their age，and others still aren't willing to see the environmental (30) we face，but that doesn't mean a (31) can't be made.
In fact，there are some (32) to being a young environmentalist.A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being more(33) due to the lack of financial incentives （財務(wù)刺激）.Young activists not only aren't (34) by busy schedules being forced on them，but they also have a simple-hearted view of what's going on and，being (35) from politics，they often say what adults aren't willing to.
21. ?A. comment B. information C. knowledge D. feeling
22. ?A. failing B. continuing C. managing D. attempting
23. ?A. financial B. political C. environmental D. technical
24. ?A. shared B. added C. included D. selected
25. ?A. secret B. history C. source D. truth
26. ?A. Climate B. Population C. Economic D. Scientific
27. ?A. senior B. eager C. young D. local
28. ?A. adults B. children C. scientists D. activists
29. ?A. eat away at B. let go of
C. think little of D. attach importance to
30. ?A. benefits B. protection C. challenges D. education
31. ?A. difference B. decision C. deal D. choice
32. ?A. advantages B. limits C. keys D. purposes
33. ?A. friendly B. trustworthy C. regular D. independent
34. ?A. supported B. treated C. paid D. influenced
35. ?A. safe B. tired C. free D. absent
36. Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea examines (1) （man） place in the world while exploring his need (2) survival.
Hemingway has much to say in The Old Man and the Sea.One of the more common themes is man vs nature，which is a main idea that (3) （specific） challenges humanity against the natural world.True to this，Santiago faces several challenges from nature，the (4) （obvious） being his battle with the giant fish.Their struggle lasts two days，before Santiago kills the fish.So，what does this struggle tell us？As for Santiago，this struggle present the main character to (5) we should show respect.
Understanding this theme in The Old Man and the Sea helps explain why the novel is (6) classic.The importance of being determined and never giving up helps define the type of people we are.Man is always going to be faced with (7) （ challenge） from nature and (8) he faces these challenges，and what type of action he takes，are areas of thought that attract readers and stay with them long after they have read the novel.These types of questions will always be important.Being capable of (9) （ stand） the test of time is part of why this novel (10) （ assume） as a classic.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. Everyone ______（ alarm） at the news recently that two lions ran away from the zoo.
38. Don't you think that it functions as an even ______（ flexible） approach to learning English than your previous one？
39. By the year 2020 business computing will have changed beyond ______（ recognize）.
40. Sometimes，avoidance of one particular food will have this ______（ benefit） effect.
41. In addition to being wasteful，it may be ______（ convenient） and irritating to consumers.
42. If ______（ maintain） over the long term，these habits can become a serious health risk.
43. ______（ admit） to Peking University one day is what his parents expected.
44. The patient was observed ______（breathe） bitterly and was rushed to the hospital.
45. It's a detailed ______（describe） of the movements and the battle of Italy's fleet.
46. The city will be placed on the list of World Heritage In Danger，joining Aleppo which ______（destroy） by the war in Syria years ago.
47. 假設(shè)你是李華，鑒于網(wǎng)課期間部分同學(xué)作息不規(guī)律，學(xué)校倡導(dǎo)有關(guān)"健康睡眠，高效學(xué)習(xí)" 的活動。請你用英文寫一封 100 字左右的倡議書，倡議大家健康作息，杜絕熬夜。
內(nèi)容包括：（ 1）現(xiàn)象及其原因；（ 2）熬夜的危害；（ 3）健康作息建議。
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、C
【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The questions are open-ended enough to invite general answers，but they'll also probably prompt （提示） you to share your most funny stories from previous short trips.（這些問題是開放式的，足以讓你得到一般性的答案，但它們也可能會讓你分享以前短途旅行中最有趣的故事。）可知，關(guān)于游戲Destination Anywhere我們知道的是它能讓人們談?wù)撍麄兊穆眯?。故選C。
（2）推理判斷題。The "Family" edition （﹩25）is a great way to get silent kids to come out of their shells a little. （"家庭"版（25美元）是讓沉默的孩子稍微走出他們外殼的好方法。）可推知，"家庭版"能夠幫助鼓勵一個10歲的孩子說話。故選A。
（3）目的意圖題。閱讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段If you love talking about past and future vacations almost as much as you love actually going on them，this card game Destination Anywhere from TableTopics is for you.（如果你喜歡談?wù)撨^去和未來的假期，就像你喜歡真正去度假一樣，那么這款紙牌游戲Destination Anywhere from TableTopics適合你），第三段第一句And if the Destination Anywhere edition （版本） doesn't dominate your thoughts，there are plenty of other TableTopics editions that you might want to bring to your next family dinner.（如果Destination Anywhere版本沒有主導(dǎo)你的思想，那么你可能會想在下一次家庭晚餐中帶上很多其他TableTopics版本）和最后一段You can browse all the TableTopics card sets on Amazon.（你可以在亞馬遜上瀏覽所有的TableTopics卡片集游戲知識。）可知，文章主要推薦了幾款TableTopics卡片集游戲，可以通過亞馬遜網(wǎng)站來查詢游戲知識。由此可推知，這篇文章的目的主要是推薦TableTopics卡片集游戲。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾款TableTopics卡片集游戲。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

4~7.【答案】B、D、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Claire?Wyatt，a?24-year-old?British?volunteer，led?eight?Cambodians?living?with?disabilities?on?a?155-mile?bike?ride?from?Phnom?Penh，the?nation's?capital，to?Siem?Reap?to?raise?money?and?deliver?supplies?to?those?in?need?amid?the?coronavirus?pandemic?（新冠病毒大流行）.（24歲的英國志愿者Claire?Wyatt帶領(lǐng)8名殘疾柬埔寨人從柬埔寨首都金邊騎著155英里的自行車前往Siem Reap，籌集資金，并在新冠病毒大流行期間向需要幫助的人運送物資。）可知，Claire和8個柬埔寨人騎行155英里是為了幫助那些需要幫助的人。故選B。
（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段When?she?was?first?asked?to?lead?the?excursion，Claire?admitted，she?was?feeling?nervous?about?her?team?traveling?such?a?distance?in?just?a?few?days，because?cycling?with?a?disability?can?come?with?added?physical?and?emotional?（情感的）?challenges.（克萊爾承認(rèn)，當(dāng)她第一次被要求帶領(lǐng)遠足時，她對自己的團隊在短短幾天內(nèi)走這么遠感到緊張，因為帶著殘疾騎車可能會帶來額外的身體和情感挑戰(zhàn)。）和第四段中的Despite?all?the?difficulties，Claire?realized?quickly?that?she?didn't?have?to?worry?about?her?team.（盡管困難重重，克萊爾很快意識到她不必?fù)?dān)心她的團隊。）可知，因為她的團隊成員都是殘疾人，在騎行之前她擔(dān)心她的團隊不能順利的完成這么遠的路程。故選D。
（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段One?team?member?named?Dy，who?lost?an?arm?in?a?landmine?（?地雷）?accident，biked?using?just?one?arm?to?balance.Another?named?Vulta?could?only?pedal?on?one?side?due?to?paralysis?from?polio?（?脊髓灰質(zhì)炎）.Despite?all?the?difficulties，Claire?realized?quickly?that?she?didn't?have?to?worry?about?her?team.She?saw?them?deal?with?rough?terrain?（?地形）?that?she?had?seen?abled?cyclists?give?up?on?before.（一位名叫Dy的隊員在一次地雷事故中失去了一只胳膊，他騎自行車時只用一只胳膊保持平衡。另一個名叫Vulta的人由于小兒麻痹癥癱瘓，只能一邊踩踏板。盡管困難重重，克萊爾很快意識到她不必?fù)?dān)心她的團隊。她看到他們處理崎嶇的地形，她以前看到過有能力的自行車手放棄。）以及第五段The?volunteers?covered?the?distance?in?just?four?days，not?only?helping?so?many?people?across?the?country，but?also?overcoming?huge?barriers?（障礙）?to?get?there.（志愿者們在短短四天內(nèi)完成了這段路程，不僅幫助了全國各地的許多人，而且克服了巨大的障礙。）以及第六段"The?best?thing?about?this?ride?is?that?the?riders?have?all?volunteered?their?time?to?do?this.They?are?so?passionate?about?Cambodia?and?raising?money?for?others?in?need，"?said?Claire.?"The?money?raised?will?feed?99?families?in?Siem?Reap."（"這次騎行最棒的一點是，騎手們都自愿抽出時間來做這件事。他們對柬埔寨充滿熱情，為其他有需要的人籌集資金， "克菜爾說。"籌集的資金將養(yǎng)活Siem Reap的99個家庭。"）可推知，這是一個有堅強意志，勇敢而又愛心的團隊。結(jié)合選項A.Confident，passionate?and?friendly.自信、熱情、友好的；B.Honest，patient?and?open-minded.誠實、耐心、心胸開闊的；C.Strong-minded，brave?and?caring.意志堅強、勇敢、有愛心的；D.Curious，creative?and?inspiring.好奇、有創(chuàng)造力、鼓舞人心的。故選C。
（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Claire說的話"Leading?this?trip?was?an?incredibly?special?experience?for?me，"?said?Claire.?"Not?only?was?I?inspired?by?the?determination?of?each?and?every?rider，but?also?the?team?taught?me?every?day?not?to?focus?on?their?disability."（"帶領(lǐng)這次旅行對我來說是一次難以置信的特殊經(jīng)歷，"克萊爾說。"我不僅被每位騎手的決心所鼓舞，而且團隊每天都教導(dǎo)我不要關(guān)注他們的殘疾。"）以及后文所描述的團隊經(jīng)歷可推知，Claire認(rèn)為這次旅行是令人驚訝并鼓勵人心的。故選B。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了24歲的英國志愿者Claire?Wyatt帶領(lǐng)8名柬埔寨殘疾人從首都金邊騎行155英里，到Siem?Reap籌集資金，并為那些在冠狀病毒大流行中需要幫助的人提供物資的故事。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

8~11.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Despite not being documented by researchers since 1968，the sengi（象鼩），a tiny big-eyed mouse with a long tail and a trunk-like nose that's native to Somalia in Africa，was rediscovered living in well-preserved habitat in neighboring Djibouti this year，and in quite healthy numbers.（盡管研究人員自1968年以來就沒有記錄過象鼩，一種生活在非洲索馬里的小大眼睛老鼠，長著長長的尾巴和像鼻一樣的鼻子，今年在鄰近的吉布提被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在保存良好的棲息地，而且數(shù)量相當(dāng)健康。）可知，象鼩53年后，再次出現(xiàn)在非洲，這是這次發(fā)現(xiàn)的特殊之處。故選C。
（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段的It was surprising."（重新發(fā)現(xiàn)這一物種令人十分驚訝。）和A number of small mammal （哺乳動物） surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti （自20世紀(jì)70年代起，大量小型哺乳動物的研究都沒有在吉布提發(fā)現(xiàn)索馬里象鼩）可知，研究者對于重新發(fā)現(xiàn)象鼩很是驚訝，由此猜測發(fā)現(xiàn)象鼩其實是一件很偶然的事情，即劃線詞意為"意外的"，與accidental同義。A.Unrealistic不切實際的；B.Scientific科學(xué)的；C.Unreported未被報道的；D.Accidental偶然的，意外的，故選D。
（3）段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的One of the least understood members of the 20 species Elephantulus （象鼩屬），the sengi lives in habitats that are unsuitable for most human activities，allowing it to remain relatively undisturbed and safe.（象鼩作為最不了解的20種象鼩屬之一，他們生活在人類最不適宜生存的地方，這就使得它們相對來說不被打擾和相對安全。）可知，該段主要講述為什么象鼩能夠和平的生存下來。故選B。
（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的the team gathered DNA samples which later showed the Somali sengi to be more closely related to sengis in other corners of Africa like Morocco and South Africa.???????????????????????????（研究小組收集的DNA樣本后來表明，索馬里象鼩與非洲其他角落，如摩洛哥和南非的象鼩的親緣關(guān)系更近。）可知，研究小組是通過DNA測試展示了索馬里象鼩與非洲其他角落的象鼩是有關(guān)系的。故選A。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種--象鼩，并對其進行研究。
做這類題材的閱讀理解時要求考生對文章先通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進行合理地分析，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12~15.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to discussion.The answer often depends on your goals.（然而，關(guān)于多少運動量最好的問題還有待討論。答案往往取決于你的目標(biāo)）可知，一個人的最佳運動量通常取決于他希望改進的地方。故選D。
（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Subjects who didn't exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell-stressed，depressed，or suffering from emotional problems-while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.（完全不鍛煉的人平均每月有三天半的時間感到精神不適--壓力大、抑郁或遭受情緒問題--而經(jīng)常鍛煉的人平均只有兩天。）以及第五段中The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions of exercise a week was best for reducing the reported problems of feeling stressed or depressed.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每周進行三到五次45分鐘的鍛煉，對于減少壓力或抑郁的報告問題是最好的。）可知，第4段和第5段中的數(shù)字說明了鍛煉對健康的好處。故選A。
（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中While all kinds of exercise helped，people who took part in team sports promoting social communication and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.（雖然各種鍛煉都有幫助，但參加促進社會交流的團隊運動和騎自行車等健身課程的人對心理健康的自我滿意度更高。）可知，團隊運動使人們對自己的滿意度更高，能給人們帶來更多的樂趣，選項B"排球"是一項團隊運動，故選B。
（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Because the study included self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn't monitored，it's possible that the subjects could have misread the amount of exercise performed.（因為這項研究包括了自我報告的結(jié)果，而且沒有監(jiān)測運動，所以研究對象可能誤解了運動量。）可推知，這項研究的缺點可能是因為受試者個人的判斷。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了隨著最近關(guān)于魚油對健康的好處和其他健康計劃的討論，有一件事永遠不會改變：鍛煉對你的健康有益，這可能會讓你不那么擔(dān)心。然而，關(guān)于多少運動量最好的問題還有待討論。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】F、G、A、C、E
【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。由上文Seventeen?government?departments?released?a?guideline?on?Tuesday?to?boost??（提高）??the?birth?rate?across?the?country.（17個政府部門周二發(fā)布了一項指導(dǎo)意見，以提高全國的出生率。）可知文章接下來要講具體的指導(dǎo)意見。F項"下面是一些具體的措施。"承接上文，也引出下文的幾種具體措施，承上啟下，符合語境。故選F。
（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由上文All?counties，cities?and?provinces?are?required?to?set?up?at?least?one?government-funded?maternity（產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院）?and?child?care?institution?（機構(gòu)）?to?improve?the?welfare?（福利）?of?pregnant?women?and?newborn?babies.（所有縣、市、省都必須建立至少一個政府資助的婦幼保健機構(gòu)，以改善孕婦和新生兒的福利。）可知，此處講了婦幼保健機構(gòu)為婦幼提供的服務(wù)。G項"還將提供更多低成本的護理服務(wù)。"承接上文，也是講婦幼保健機構(gòu)為婦幼提供的服務(wù)，與上文意義一致，且與后文Tailored?campaigns?to?build?more?cheaper?nursery?services，such?as?day?care?and?kindergartens，are?being?promoted.（為建立更多更便宜的托兒所服務(wù)，如日托和幼兒園，量身定制的活動正在推廣。）意義一致，都在說明具體的為婦幼保健提供的服務(wù)。故選G。
（3）聯(lián)系上文題。由上文Employers??can??discuss?with?employees?ways?of?creating?a?flexible?working?mechanism（機制），such?as?a?work-from-home?system，to?help?employees?solve?difficulties?in?child?care，（雇主可以與員工討論建立靈活的工作機制的方法，例如在家工作制度，以幫助員工解決照顧孩子的困難，）可知雇主需要考慮員工照顧孩子的困難，根據(jù)逗號和謂語 can discuss可知，后面應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞。A項"包括接送孩子上下學(xué)，照顧生病和年幼的孩子。"屬于員工照顧孩子的困難，與上文意義相符，且語法符合該語境。故選A。
（4）聯(lián)系下文題。由空后to??ensure??the??safety??of?the??maternity??fund.（確保生育基金的安全。）可知空處的指導(dǎo)意見有關(guān)于生育基金。C項"國家將制定生育保險支付政策。"說明了國家關(guān)于生育保險的政策，與上文意義一致，符合語境。故選C。
（5）聯(lián)系下文題。由后文For?example，cities?are?encouraged?to?raise?the?amount?of?housing?loans?with?lower?interest?rates?to?those?families.（例如，鼓勵城市提高對這些家庭的低息住房貸款。）可知政府為提高生育率，在房貸上也做出優(yōu)惠。E項"有更多孩子的家庭正在享受有利的住房政策。"說明了政府對于有更多孩子家庭給予房貸上的照顧，且后文 those families就是指E項中的"families with more children"。故選E。
這是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了17個政府部門周二發(fā)布的提高全國出生率的指導(dǎo)意見。
關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟：
步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。
步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。
步驟五：區(qū)分相似項。

21~35.【答案】B、A、C、A、D、A、C、A、C、C、A、A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）考查名詞及語境理解。A.comment評論；B.information信息；C.knowledge知識；D.feeling感覺。句意：隨著近年來社交媒體的興起，世界各地的年輕人很容易獲得令人震驚的信息，我們目前未能照顧好地球。根據(jù)上文"With the rise of social media in recent years"可知，年輕人們能夠獲取一些消息。故選B。
（2）考查動詞及語境理解。A.failing不合格；B.continuing繼續(xù)；C.managing管理；D.attempting嘗試。句意：隨著近年來社交媒體的興起，世界各地的年輕人很容易獲得令人震驚的信息，我們目前未能照顧好地球。根據(jù)下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，此處指我們目前并沒有照顧好地球。fail to do sth."未能做某事"。故選A。
（3）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.financial財務(wù)的；B.political政治的；C.environmental環(huán)境的；D.technical技術(shù)的。句意：網(wǎng)站提供了有關(guān)環(huán)境問題的可訪問信息，這些信息很快就擁有數(shù)百萬的瀏覽量，新的科學(xué)信息的鏈接也很容易共享。根據(jù)下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，網(wǎng)站提供的是一些關(guān)于環(huán)境的問題。故選C。
（4）考查動詞及語境理解。A.shared共享；B.added添加；C.included包括；D.selected選擇。句意：網(wǎng)站提供了有關(guān)環(huán)境問題的可訪問信息，這些信息很快就擁有數(shù)百萬的瀏覽量，新的科學(xué)信息的鏈接也很容易共享。根據(jù)空前"that quickly have millions of views，links（鏈接）to new scientific information "可知，這些鏈接也很快就會被分享出去。故選A。
（5）考查名詞及語境理解。A.secret秘密；B.history歷史；C.source來源；D.truth真相。句意：但是，不僅僅是在線研究揭示了真相，它也不是一個遙遠的威脅。根據(jù)上文"young people around the globe have easy access to shocking（1）about how we're currently （2）to look after the Earth."可知，這并不是只有網(wǎng)上才揭露的事實。故選D。
（6）考查名詞/形容詞及語境理解。A.Climate氣候；B.Population人口；C.Economic經(jīng)濟的；D.Scientific科學(xué)的。句意：氣候變化正在我們身邊發(fā)生。根據(jù)下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second."可知，氣候的變化在我們身邊發(fā)生。故選A。
（7）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.senior高級的；B.eager急切的；C.young年輕的；D.local地方的。句意：當(dāng)然，僅僅因為年輕人現(xiàn)在很容易掌握這些信息，并不意味著所有成年人都會熱切地傾聽。根據(jù)上文"young people around the globe have easy access to shocking（1）about how we're currently（2）to look after the Earth."可知，年輕人在網(wǎng)上獲取了這些信息。故選C。
（8）考查名詞及語境理解。A.adults成年人；B.children兒童；C.scientists科學(xué)家；D.activists積極分子。句意：當(dāng)然，僅僅因為年輕人現(xiàn)在很容易掌握這些信息，并不意味著所有成年人都會熱切地傾聽。根據(jù)下文"A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being more （13）due to the lack of financial incentives（財務(wù)刺激）. "可知，一些成年人并不愿意去傾聽他們的想法。故選A。
（9）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.eat away at（長期地）煩擾；B.let go of舍棄（感情、態(tài)度、控制權(quán)）；C.think little of不重視；D.attach importance to重視。句意：許多人僅僅因為年齡問題而對年輕的活動家評價不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我們所面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)，但這并不意味著不能做出改變。根據(jù)下文"due to their age，and others still aren't willing to see the environmental （10）we face"可知，成年人不重視他們。故選C。
（10）考查名詞及語境理解。A.benefits好處；B.protection保護；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.education教育。句意：許多人僅僅因為年齡問題而對年輕的活動家評價不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我們所面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)，但這并不意味著不能做出改變。根據(jù)上文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，我們現(xiàn)在正面臨著一些環(huán)境上的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。
（11）考查名詞及語境理解。A.difference差異；B.decision決定；C.deal交易；D.choice選擇。句意：許多人僅僅因為年齡問題而對年輕的活動家評價不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我們所面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)，但這并不意味著不能做出改變。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，這并不意味著他們不能做出改變。make a difference"起作用，產(chǎn)生影響"。故選A。
（12）考查名詞及語境理解。A.advantages優(yōu)點；B.limits極限；C.keys鍵；D.purposes目的。句意：事實上，做一個年輕的環(huán)保主義者有一些好處。根據(jù)下文"Young activists not only aren't （14）by busy schedules being forced on them，but they also have a simple-hearted view of what's going on and，being （15）from politics，they often say what adults aren't willing to."可知，年輕的環(huán)保主義者也有他們自己的優(yōu)勢。故選A。
（13）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.friendly友好的；B.trustworthy值得信賴的；C.regular定期的；D.independent獨立的。句意：一項針對16-24歲的聯(lián)合國氣候談判參與者的研究表明，由于沒有經(jīng)濟問題，成年人認(rèn)為年輕的活動人士更值得信任。根據(jù)空后"due to the lack of financial incentives（財務(wù)刺激）"可知，年輕人更值得信賴。故選B。
（14）考查動詞及語境理解。A.supported支持；B.treated處理；C.paid支付；D.influenced影響。句意：年輕的活動人士不僅不受繁忙日程的影響，而且他們對發(fā)生的事情也有一個簡單的看法，因為他們不受政治的影響，他們經(jīng)常說成年人不愿意說的話。根據(jù)空后"by busy schedules being forced on them"可知，他們不會被繁忙的工作日程所影響。故選D。
（15）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.safe安全的；B.tired疲勞的；C.free自由的；D.absent缺席的。句意：年輕的活動人士不僅不受繁忙日程的影響，而且他們對發(fā)生的事情也有一個簡單的看法，因為他們不受政治的影響，他們經(jīng)常說成年人不愿意說的話。根據(jù)下文" they often say what adults aren't willing to."可知，他們也不受政治的影響，所以他們經(jīng)常說大人不愿意說的話。be free from"免于...，不受...的影響"。故選C。
這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了隨著社交媒體的發(fā)展，全球的年輕人能夠接觸到環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重的驚人消息，并且能夠成為保護環(huán)境的主力軍。
近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化，試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬，綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格，所以，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。選擇答案時，要考慮整個句子的內(nèi)容，包括搭配、時態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后，再通讀一遍文章，檢查是否通順流暢，用詞得當(dāng)，意思正確。

36.【答案】【小題1】man's
【小題2】for
【小題3】specifically
【小題4】most obvious
【小題5】whom
【小題6】a
【小題7】challenges
【小題8】how
【小題9】standing
【小題10】is assumed
【解析】（1）考查名詞所有格。句意：歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威的《老人與?！吩谔剿魅祟惿嫘枨蟮耐瑫r，審視了人類在世界上的地位。此處用名詞所有格作定語修飾名詞place，表示"人類的"，故填man's。
（2）考查介詞。句意：歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威的《老人與?！吩谔剿魅祟惿嫘枨蟮耐瑫r，審視了人類在世界上的地位。固定短語need for表示"對……的需要"，滿足句意要求。故填for。
（3）考查副詞。句意：其中一個比較常見的主題是人與自然，這是一個特別挑戰(zhàn)人類與自然世界的主要思想。此處用副詞作狀語修飾動詞challenges。故填specifically。
（4）考查形容詞最高級。句意：事實上，圣地亞哥面臨著來自大自然的幾個挑戰(zhàn)，最明顯的是他與大魚的戰(zhàn)斗。結(jié)合句意和the可知，此處用最高級，表示"最明顯的"，故填most obvious。
（5）考查定語從句。句意：至于圣地亞哥，這場斗爭是我們應(yīng)該尊敬的主要人物。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the main character，在從句中作to的賓語，故填whom。
（6）考查冠詞。句意：理解《老人與海》的這一主題有助于解釋為什么這部小說是經(jīng)典。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞，classic為輔音音素開頭的單詞，故填a。
（7）考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：人類總是會面臨來自自然的挑戰(zhàn)，他如何面對這些挑戰(zhàn)，他采取了什么樣的行動，這些都是吸引讀者的思想領(lǐng)域，在他們讀完小說后，他們會久久地停留在那里。根據(jù)句意以及下文中的"these challenges"可知，此處名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填challenges。
（8）考查賓語從句。句意：人類總是會面臨來自自然的挑戰(zhàn)，他如何面對這些挑戰(zhàn)，他采取了什么樣的行動，這些都是吸引讀者的思想領(lǐng)域，在他們讀完小說后，他們會久久地停留在那里。此處引導(dǎo)with的賓語從句，從句中缺少方式狀語，表示"如何"，故填how。
（9）考查動名詞。句意：經(jīng)得起時間的考驗是這部小說被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)典的部分原因。此處用動名詞作介詞of的賓語，故填standing。
（10）考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：經(jīng)得起時間的考驗是這部小說被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)典的部分原因。動詞短語be assumed as表示"被認(rèn)為是"，且句子在陳述事實，所以為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語this novel為單數(shù)名詞，所以為is assumed as。故填is assumed。
這是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威的《老人與?！吩谔剿魅祟惿嫘枨蟮耐瑫r，審視了人類在世界上的地位。
語法填空考查學(xué)生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語境找出正確答案。

37.【答案】has?been?alarmed
【解析】alarm"使驚恐"，be alarmed at"對……感到恐慌"，是固定搭配，強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Everyone是不定代詞，助動詞用has。
故填：has?been?alarmed。
最近兩只獅子從動物園跑了的消息使每個人都感到震驚。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

38.【答案】more?flexible
【解析】flexible是形容詞，意思是"靈活的"，根據(jù)空格前的even和后面的than可知，空格處應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級，flexible的比較級是more flexible。
故填：more?flexible。
你不認(rèn)為這是一種比以前更靈活的英語學(xué)習(xí)方法嗎？
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

39.【答案】recognition
【解析】recognize"認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識；承認(rèn)；意識到；辨別出"是動詞，分析句子可知，橫線處用名詞作介詞beyond的賓語，recognition"認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識；識別"是抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。
故填：recognition。
到2020年，商業(yè)計算將發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

40.【答案】beneficial
【解析】benefit"利益；益處"是名詞，分析句子可知，橫線處用形容詞beneficial"有益的"作定語修飾名詞effect。
故填：beneficial。
有時，避免一種特定的食物會產(chǎn)生這種有益的效果。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

41.【答案】inconvenient
【解析】convenient"便利的"是形容詞，分析句子可知橫線處用形容詞作表語，根據(jù)句中being wasteful"浪費"和irritating"刺激"可知，橫線處應(yīng)用表示"不便利的"的形容詞inconvenient。
故：inconvenient。
除了浪費，它可能會給消費者帶來不便和刺激。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

42.【答案】maintained
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處和if構(gòu)成省略式的條件狀語從句，主語和maintain之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞表示被動。
故填：maintained。
如果長期保持，這些習(xí)慣會成為嚴(yán)重的健康問題。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

43.【答案】Being?admitted
【解析】admit"允許進入"，be admitted to"被接納"，句中缺少主語，用動名詞短語作主語，單詞being在句首，首字母大寫。
故填：Being?admitted。
有一天能考上北京大學(xué)是他父母所期望的。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

44.【答案】breathing
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是非謂語作主語補足語，根據(jù)句意可知，主語和breathe之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語，表示正在發(fā)生的動作。
故填：breathing。
病人被觀察到呼吸困難，被緊急送往醫(yī)院。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

45.【答案】description
【解析】describe"描述"是動詞，分析句子可知，橫線處用名詞description"描述"作表語。根據(jù)冠詞a可知，橫線處用可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。
故填：description。
這是對意大利艦隊行動和戰(zhàn)斗的詳細(xì)描述。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

46.【答案】was?destroyed
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是定語從句中的謂語，根據(jù)后面的時間狀語"years?ago"可知，空格處應(yīng)該用一般過去時，從句主語和destroy之間是被動關(guān)系，主語是單數(shù)，所以be動詞用was和destroyed構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。
故填：was?destroyed。
這座城市將被列入瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，加入了幾年前被敘利亞戰(zhàn)爭摧毀的阿勒頗。
考查單詞填空，準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

47.【答案】With?the?Online?courses?going，it?has?been?common?that?some?students?lack?sleep?for?all kinds of?reasons?such?as?heavy?homework?or?being?addicted?to?digital?devices.【高分句型一】（現(xiàn)象及其原因）
It's?generally?accepted?that?staying?up?late?undoubtedly?has?negative?effects?on?us.Without?regular?sleep，we?can't?focus?in?class，which?is?sure?to?reduce?our?academic?efficiency.【高分句型二】What's?worse，too?much?time?spent?on?digital?devices?really?does?great?harm?to?our?health.（熬夜的危害）
In order to?gain?enough?sleep?and?live?a?healthy?life，it's?highly?recommended?that?we?should?have?a?proper?schedule?to?balance?study?and?entertainment.What's more，taking?regular?exercise?also?counts，enabling?us?to?stay?away?from?possible?diseases.Let's?take?action?to?enjoy?a?healthy?and?happy?life.（健康作息建議）
【解析】高分句型一：With?the?Online?courses?going，it?has?been?common?that?some?students?lack?sleep?for?all kinds of?reasons?such?as?heavy?homework?or?being?addicted?to?digital?devices.
譯文：隨著在線課程的開展，一些學(xué)生因各種原因（如繁重的家庭作業(yè)或沉迷于數(shù)碼設(shè)備）而睡眠不足的情況已經(jīng)很普遍。
分析：這句話使用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
高分句型二：Without?regular?sleep，we?can't?focus?in?class，which?is?sure?to?reduce?our?academic?efficiency.
譯文：沒有規(guī)律的睡眠，我們就不能集中精力上課，這肯定會降低我們的學(xué)習(xí)效率。
分析：這句話使用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
這是一篇提綱類作文，需要寫的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)給出，但是寫作時不要僅僅對要點進行生硬的翻譯，而是要添加些內(nèi)容，使文章看起來更充實，要組成一篇通順連貫的短文，一定要談?wù)勛约旱目捶āＰ枰⒁饩o扣文章主題，給出的要點都需要包括，缺一不可。寫作時注意準(zhǔn)確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系，不能出現(xiàn)文章脫節(jié)問題。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次。同時注意要求的字?jǐn)?shù)，不要太多也不要太少。