【2019 ?黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考】As an exchange student, Alan ________ Qiqihar for one and a half years.   A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to【答案】B【解析】句意：作為一名交換生，Alan在齊齊哈爾已經(jīng)有一年半了。A. has been to    去過……；B. has been in呆在某地；C. has gone to去了……，可能在途中，也可能已經(jīng)到了。根據(jù)for one and a half years.可知動詞是持續(xù)性的。這里用have been in表示呆在某地多長時(shí)間了。根據(jù)題意，故選B。此題學(xué)生容易做錯(cuò)的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法： somebody has gone to +表示地點(diǎn)的名詞：意思某人去了某個(gè)地方(有可能在還在路上，有可能到達(dá)了某個(gè)地方，但是還沒有回來)Tom has gone to America. 湯姆去了美國（有可能還在去美國路上，有可能已經(jīng)抵達(dá)美國）somebody has been to + 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞：意思某人曾經(jīng)過去過地方（但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方了）Tom has been to America. 湯姆曾經(jīng)過去過美國（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在美國了）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中been to，gone to和been in/at been to去過某地，表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和once，twice，already，ever，never等連用。  She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在這里)      gone to 去某地了，說話時(shí)某人已離開此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。  She has gone to Shanghai. (表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里)  她已經(jīng)去了上海。   been in/at 逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間)，常和for ten days，since I came here等連用。She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自從她搬到那以后，她就一直住在上海。 【2019 ?湖北宜昌中考】—What great progress Huawei              in recent years!  —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.  A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made【答案】B【解析】句意：——華為近年來取得了多么大的進(jìn)步啊!——難怪它在世界各地廣為人知。考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。in recent years在最近幾年，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；Huawei是單數(shù)第三人稱，助動詞需用has；根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)，可知選B。此題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是中考?？嫉目键c(diǎn)，考生掌握住現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，是做對這類題的關(guān)鍵。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。I have already posted the photo. 我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示)，常與for(+時(shí)間段)，since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for + 時(shí)間段 譯為：……時(shí)間②since + 過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來)③since + 時(shí)間段 + ago④since + 從句(過去時(shí))⑤It is + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句(過去時(shí))注意：瞬間動詞(buy, die, join, lose...)與for 或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動詞。變化如下：　　come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　  finish→be over 　　open→be open 　　    die→be dead 　　   buy→have 　　Fall ill→be ill 　　    Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　Worry→be worried 　　   Catch a cold→have a cold現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1. 與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如＂for+時(shí)間段＂，＂since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)＂。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們在這個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。學(xué)科%網(wǎng)從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí)，謂語動詞常為stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動詞。2. 與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：I’ve just found this library book. 我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美??！我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3. 與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近來狀況如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影）Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生買了一臺新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天買了一臺新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）2. 時(shí)間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及＂for+段時(shí)間＂，＂since+過去時(shí)間/從句＂等時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)則常與＂時(shí)間段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：[來源:Zxxk.Com]She has lived here since two years ago. 她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago. 兩年前她住在這里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。【2019 ?四川省廣元市】If you study hard, you ________ into a good senior high school.   A. got B. will get C. get【答案】B【解析】考查條件狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句意：如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你_______進(jìn)入一個(gè)好點(diǎn)的高中。A. got 表示一般過去時(shí)；B. will get 是一般將來時(shí)；C. get 是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動作。由句意可知，主句是將來發(fā)生的動作，用一般將來時(shí)，故選B。此題考查一般將來時(shí)的用法，該句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。考生掌握在什么情況下用將來時(shí)，更容易作對這類題。一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do； ②will+ do.I am going to sing in the singing competition next week.Sally will have dance lessons this weekend.
2. 否定句和疑問句：⑴ 否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）后加not或will后加not，常縮略為won’t。例如：He isn’t going to practice the piano this month. Tony won’t visit the Great Wall next summer.⑵ 在一般疑問句中，通常把be或will提到句首。例如：Are you going to see your grandmother next month?Will you watch a football game tomorrow?3. There be句型的一般將來時(shí)該句型的一般將來時(shí)也有兩種形式：“there is/are going to be…”和“there will be…”。如：There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight.一般疑問句為“Will there be…或Is/Are there going to be…?”，對應(yīng)的肯定回答Yes, there will. (Yes, there is/ are.)；否定回答為：No, there won’t.( No, there isn’t/ aren’t.)。例如：Will there a heavy rain tomorrow?Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.15.【2019 ?臨沂市】Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.   A. rose B. have risen C. rise【答案】B【解析】句意：融冰會導(dǎo)致海平面上升，自1993年以來，海平面以每10年3.2厘米的速度上升。根據(jù)句子中的since自從，可知動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能一直持續(xù)下去，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義，完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ have/has +過去分詞，故選B。【2019 ?內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市】The shop in Wanda Square _______for six years, but I ______there so far.   A. has opened; haven’t gone                      B. has been opened; haven’t been   C. has been open; haven’t gone                 D. has been opened; haven’t been【答案】B【解析】句意：萬達(dá)廣場的商店已經(jīng)開了六年了，但到目前為止我還沒有去過。第一個(gè)空，由so far“到目前為止”可知，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；be open表示延續(xù)性動作．be的過去分詞是been，A、D不正確；第二個(gè)空，have been去過（已經(jīng)回來了），have gone去了（沒回來），結(jié)合語境"我還沒有去過"，用haven't been，C不正確，故選：B。 被動語態(tài)的特殊情況：1. 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：（1）所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示＂希望、意圖＂的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。2. 主動形式表被動意義的情況：（1）系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。    （2）當(dāng)cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)。（3）當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞詞組表示＂發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定＂等意思時(shí)。（4）want，require，need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。（5）be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。（6）在＂be + 形容詞 + to do＂中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。1. has gone to和has been to的區(qū)別和用法；2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法；3. 被動語態(tài)的特殊情況。1.【2019 ?廣西百色市】—Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn't he？  —Yes． And he _____in two weeks．  A. will return B. has returned  C. returned D. returns2.【2019 ?廣西百色市】Neither my sister nor I _____been to Xi'an before．  A. have never B. have ever C. has never D. has ever3.【2019 ?湖南長沙中考】— I can’t find Sarah. Where is she?  — She ______ for tomorrow’s Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home.  A. prepares B. will prepare C. is preparing4.【2019 ?四川眉山中考】— Linda has        to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?  — Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she        there.  A. been；will get B. been；gets C. gone；will get D. gone；gets5.【2019 ?四川省眉山市】— Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?  — In October. I        it for two months.  A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought6.【2019 ?湖北省咸寧市】—Let’s go climbing if it ____ this Saturday.  — Good idea. But nobody knows if it        .  A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain  C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain7.【2019 ?襄陽市】— Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?  — Because they _          Longzhong for a study trip.  A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to8.【2019 ?湖南省益陽市】Susan and her sister ____________some photos in the park the day after tomorrow.   A. take B. took C. will take9.【2019 ?江蘇省南京市】—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro?   —A couple of days. I ______ it last week．   A．bought    B．buy    C．will buy   D．have bought10.【2019 ?廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)】— I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in.   —Sorry, I ________with the manager in the meeting room at that time.   A. am talking B. was talking C. were talking D. have talked11.【2019 ?貴州省畢節(jié)市】—How many letters     you     to your mother?   — 109 in all, since 2016.   A. has；written B. have；written C. did；write D. are；writing12.【2019 ?大慶市】— My car _____ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?   — I’m sorry I can’t, I’m ______ Dalian tomorrow morning.   A. breaks down; flying at B. has broken down; flying at   C. broke down; flying to D. had broken down: flying to13.【2019 ?四川省廣元市】—What did you do the day before yesterday?   —I __________ for an English test.   A. study B. studied C. studying14.【2019 ?四川省廣元市】—How long have you __________ your cap? It looks cool.   —About two weeks.   A. borrowed B. bought  C. had4.【2019 ?湖南省郴州市】—Where is Mr. Green?  —He _________the bookshop You have to wait for him.  A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to7.【2019 ?湖北省黃岡市】—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days.  —She       Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.  A. has gone to  B. has been to   C. have gone to  D. have been to1.【2019 ?湖北省宜昌市】—It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men               in a big forest fire in Sichuan.  —I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for.  A. were killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed2.【2019 ?湖南長沙】— Perfect photos! Good skills!  — Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.  A. took B. were taken C. will be taken3.【2019 ?湖南省岳陽市】It's reported that Notre﹣Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_____in April 2019．  A．was burnt   B．is burnt    C．be burnt4.【2019 ?四川省眉山市】Paper        first        about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun.  A. is; inventing  B. is; invented   C. has; invented  D. was; invented5.【2019 ?湖北省咸寧市】— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat!  —What a shame! He      according to the new credit system(誠信體系).  A. punish  B. punished   C. will punish  D. will be punished6.【2019 ?襄陽市】— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.   — You know they _      by the hard-working cleaners every day.  A. clean  B. are cleaned   C. are cleaning  D. will clean1.（北京市西城區(qū)2019模擬試題）Our lives _________ a lot since the Internet was invented.A. changed B. are changing C. will change D. have changed2.（2019年汕頭市潮南區(qū)初中學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬）His flight        because there was something wrong with the plane. So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen.A. was canceled B. canceled C. is canceled D. cancels3.（山東青島北區(qū)一中2019一模）---How long has he _________ the village school?    ---Since he graduate from the university.A. gone to B. been to C. taught in D. arrived in4. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級上學(xué)期期中)—Not only his parents but also his sister _____ to the Palace Museum. —They haven’t been back. A. have been        B. have gone          C. has been  D. has gone.5. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級上學(xué)期期中)Mike wants to know if you__________ a picnic tomorrow.    — Yes. But if it__________, we’ll go to the museum instead.A. will have; will rain B. have; will rain
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