
?浙江省十校聯(lián)盟2022年10月高三聯(lián)考
英語試題卷
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)
注意事項:
1.本卷滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘;
2.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。
3.選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號。不能答在本試卷上,否則無效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié):(共5小題;每小題1. 5分,滿分7. 5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What is the girl looking for?
A. Her school bag. B. Her pencil-box. C. Her pencil.
2. Who got injured in the accident?
A. A baby. B. Three women. C. Nobody.
3. What do we know about the man?
A. He wants to get a new position.
B. He is asking the woman for help.
C. He has left the woman a good impression.
4. What does the man mean?
A. He can’t afford the new car.
B His friend has bought the car for him.
C. He has already made the down payment on the car.
5. How does the woman go to Philadelphia probably?
A. By car. B. By subway. C. By taxi.
第二節(jié):(共15小題;每小題1. 5分,滿分22. 5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白,每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段對話,回答第6至第8三個小題。
6. What does Vinnie Jones do now?
A. He is a soccer player. B. He is an actor. C. He is a director.
7. What is special about Vinnie Jones?
A. He is a famous British singer.
B. He is famous in America but not in Brita.
C. He used to be a well-known soccer player.
8. What do we know about Wimbledon?
A. It was once led by Vinnie Jones.
B. It is more competitive than Manchester United.
C. It once defeated Liverpool and won the championship.
聽下面一段對話,回答第9至第11三個小題。
9. What did the woman do last weekend?
A. She relaxed at the beach.
B. She visited her parents.
C. She prepared for a paper.
10. Why did the woman come home so soon?
A. She had work to do.
B. She had an appointment.
C. She was invited only for the weekend.
11. What did the woman think of playing volleyball on the beach?
A. Easy. B. Challenging. C. Exciting.
聽下面一段對話,回答第12至第14三個小題。
12. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. They are relatives. B. They are colleagues. C. They are strangers.
13. What do we know about the woman’s family from the conversation?
A. She has an extended family.
B. Her grandfather used to be a handsome actor.
C. Her grandparents live in a big house behind hers.
14. What does the woman’s mother look like?
A She looks beautiful. B. She looks young. C. She looks plain.
聽下面一段對話,回答第15至第17三個小題。
15. What would the woman and her husband prefer to do for their weekend?
A. Visit Las Vegas. B. Take a long trip C. Relax themselves.
16. What does the man advise the woman to do at the sea?
A. To surf and ride the wave.
B. To play volleyball on the beach.
C. To have a good sleep on the soft sand.
17. Who would most probably make the final decision?
A. The travel agency. B. The woman. C. The woman’s husband.
聽下面一段獨白,回答第18至第20三個小題。
18. What kind of person did Clemente’s parents want him to be?
A. Independent and honorable.
B. Honest and kind.
C. Friendly and selfless.
19. Which team did Clemente play for as a professional player?
A. Nine professional teams.
B. The Brooklyn Dodgers.
C. A city team.
20. Why did Clemente make the trip to Nicaragua?
A. To provide relief supplies for people there.
B. To receive an award as a great baseball player.
C. To collect money for people in the quake-hit area.
第二部分:閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié):(共15小題:每小題2. 5分,滿分37. 5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
The dazzling beauty of abandoned cinemas
Old and historical cinemas are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.
Loew’s Palace Theatre, Bridgeport, Connecticut
Originally opened as the Poli’s Palace Theatre in 1922 by architect Thomas W. Lamb as one of a double theatre complex along with the adjacent Poli’s Majestic Theatre. In 1934, both theatres were taken over by Loew’s and operated as film theatres. In the late 1970s, an attempt to turn the building into a Christian Revival Centre never came to fruition. The theatre is presently vacant and awaiting restoration.
Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia
Originally founded as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908, it was designed by local architect William H. McElfatrick, who presided over the design of 40 theatres in his career. The Philadelphia Opera House was designed for opera impresario Oscar Hammerstein as his ninth opera house. In 1910, it was sold to the Metropolitan Opera of New York City and was renamed the Met. Through the 1920s, it showed silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the late 1930s it became a ballroom, and in the 1940s a sports area for basketball, wrestling, and boxing events. It finally closed in 1954 and was turned into a church.
Robin’s Theatre, Warren, Ohio
Opened in 1923, it had 1,500 seats, and was designed by architects I. J. Goldston and Detroit-based C. Howard Crane. It was operated by The Robins Theatre Enterprises Co. , a local company founded by Daniel Robins, who was an early partner of Albert Warner of Warner Bros. It closed in 1974 and was vacant until 2018, when it was renovated and reopened as a multipurpose venue in 2020.
1. At present, which cinema are you likely to go to for a concert?
A. Poli’s Palace Theatre. B. Robin’s Theatre, Warren, Ohio.
C. Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia. D. Loew’s Palace Theatre, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
2. What do the three cinemas have in common?
A. All of them were renamed. B. All of them are currently in use.
C. All of them have been restored. D. All of them have undergone some changes.
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. An illustrated magazine. B. A campus poster.
C. A traveling brochure. D. A research paper.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了三座劇院的歷史和變化。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It closed in 1974 and was vacant until 2018, when it was renovated and reopened as a multipurpose venue in 2020.(劇院于1974年關(guān)閉,一直空置到2018年,直到2020年重新裝修,成為多功能劇院)”可知,現(xiàn)在,你可能會去Robin’s Theatre, Warren, Ohio聽音樂會。故選B。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In 1934, both theatres were taken over by Loew’s and operated as film theatres. In the late 1970s, an attempt to turn the building into a Christian Revival Centre never came to fruition.(1934年,這兩家劇院都被勒夫接管,作為電影院運營。在20世紀70年代末,人們試圖將這座建筑改造成基督教復興中心,但最終未能實現(xiàn))”;第三段中“Through the 1920s, it showed silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the late 1930s it became a ballroom, and in the 1940s a sports area for basketball, wrestling, and boxing events. It finally closed in 1954 and was turned into a church.(整個20世紀20年代,除了招待各種歌劇公司外,它還放映默片。在20世紀30年代后期,它變成了舞廳,在40年代成為了籃球、摔跤和拳擊比賽的運動場地。它最終在1954年關(guān)閉,被改成了教堂)”;第四段“Opened in 1923, it had 1,500 seats, and was designed by architects I. J. Goldston and Detroit-based C. Howard Crane. It was operated by The Robins Theatre Enterprises Co. , a local company founded by Daniel Robins, who was an early partner of Albert Warner of Warner Bros. It closed in 1974 and was vacant until 2018, when it was renovated and reopened as a multipurpose venue in 2020.(它于1923年開放,有1500個座位,由建筑師I. J. Goldston和底特律的C. Howard Crane設計。劇院由Daniel Robins創(chuàng)辦的當?shù)毓玖_賓斯劇院企業(yè)有限公司運營,羅賓斯是華納兄弟公司阿爾伯特·華納的早期合伙人。劇院于1974年關(guān)閉,一直空置到2018年,直到2020年重新裝修,成為多功能劇院)”可知,這三家電影院的共同點是它們都經(jīng)歷了一些變化。故選D。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Old and historical cinemas are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.(我們周圍到處都是古老的、歷史悠久的電影院,但卻鮮為人知。一本新的攝影集揭示了它們經(jīng)常被忽視的美麗)”可推知,文章選自插圖雜志。故選A。
B
The piping plover is already one of the most endangered birds in the Great Lakes area of the northern United States. Now, the rising water levels of Lake Michigan further threaten the birds and the areas where they live.
Pools of water are forming behind several plover nests along Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lake shore in the state of Michigan. The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few meters from the plovers’ nesting area. Their home could be one storm away from destruction.
Vince Cavalieri works with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing. He added that some nests on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes also have been swept away.
The Great Lakes generally rise with the melting snow and rainstorms of spring, and fall during the drier Summer months. However, some scientists believe climate change is causing more changes in water levels. In a recent report, researchers Drew Gronewold and Richard Rood said, “Quick changes between extreme high and low water levels in the Great Lakes represent the ‘new normal.’”
If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk. Their numbers already have dropped because of shoreline development. The federal government lists the birds as threatened in the northern Great Plains and along the Atlantic coast.
Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2017, officials counted 76 breeding pairs of plovers. Last year, they counted 67. Cavalieri of the fish and wildlife service expects to see similar numbers this year. Most of this year’s plover eggs will hatch by the end of June.
4. How does the author demonstrate the severity of the piping plover’s living conditions?
A. By making comparison. B. By listing detailed evidence.
C. By giving examples. D. By making predictions.
5. Why are plovers more endangered than most other birds?
A. They are too sensitive to climate changes.
B. Their nests are not strong enough to stand a storm.
C. The federal government thinks little of protecting plovers.
D. Their habitats are greatly destroyed due to the rising water levels.
6. What could put the piping plover in a greater danger?
A. Their homes are disappearing rapidly.
B. Their numbers are decreasing dramatically.
C. The shoreline development is swift and unavoidable.
D. The extreme changes in water levels will occur frequently.
7. What is Vince Cavalieri’s attitude towards the future of the piping plover?
A. Suspicious. B. Concerned.
C. Optimistic. D. Objective.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了the piping plover已經(jīng)是美國北部五大湖地區(qū)最瀕危的鳥類之一,而密歇根湖水位的上升進一步威脅到鳥類和它們生活的地區(qū)。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的第二段“Pools of water are forming behind several plover nests along Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lake shore in the state of Michigan. The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few meters from the plovers’ nesting area. Their home could be one storm away from destruction.(密歇根州睡熊沙丘國家湖岸邊的幾只plover巢穴后面形成了水池。密歇根湖的水域現(xiàn)在離plover的巢穴只有幾米遠。一場風暴就能摧毀他們的家園)”可知,作者通過列出詳細的證據(jù)來證明the piping plover生活條件的嚴峻性。故選B項。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Vince Cavalieri works with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing.(Vince Cavalieri就職于美國魚類和野生動物管理局。他告訴美聯(lián)社,高水位使珩類比大多數(shù)其他鳥類更危險。這是因為他們居住的地區(qū)正在消失)”可知,鸻鳥比其他鳥類更瀕臨滅絕的原因是因為他們居住的地區(qū)正在消失。故選D項。
【6題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“In a recent report, researchers Drew Gronewold and Richard Rood said, “Quick changes between extreme high and low water levels in the Great Lakes represent the ‘new normal.’”(在最近的一份報告中,研究人員德魯·格羅沃爾德和理查德·魯?shù)抡f:“五大湖水位在極高和極低之間的快速變化代表著‘新常態(tài)’?!?”以及第五段第一句中“If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk.(如果這是真的,管狀珩可能面臨更大的風險)”可知,水位的極端變化會頻繁發(fā)生使管狀珩鳥處于更大的危險中。故選D項。
【7題詳解】
推理判讀題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2017, officials counted 76 breeding pairs of plovers. Last year, they counted 67. Cavalieri of the fish and wildlife service expects to see similar numbers this year. Most of this year’s plover eggs will hatch by the end of June.(然而,恢復項目正在發(fā)揮作用。2017年,官方統(tǒng)計了76對繁殖的鸻。去年,這一數(shù)字為67。魚類和野生動物管理局的Cavalieri預計今年會看到類似的數(shù)字。今年大部分的珩鳥蛋將在六月底孵化)”可知,Cavalieri認為今年會有鸻繁殖,這說明恢復項目正在發(fā)揮作用,由此可推知,Cavalieri對管狀珩科鳥的未來持樂觀態(tài)度。故選C項。
C
Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude (獨處) is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.
One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology (生理) of the change.
Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, began his work with John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago. They addressed that question by repeatedly observing social isolation in individual volunteers, while simultaneously tracking from blood samples, their gene-expression patterns and other changes in their physiology.
They found that, initially, volunteers’ feelings of isolation are related to an increase in their inflammation genes(炎癥基因) activity which are also known to travel into the brain and promote anxiety. They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.
Therefore, dealing with the loneliness caused by enforced isolation will not be a simple matter of allowing people to socialise once again. In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.
They found that in the case of loneliness, the saying: being more blessed to give than to receive is true.
8. What does the underlined words “that question” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. What physical changes happen during social isolation?
B. How can we get rid of solitude and loneliness?
C. What is the difference between solitude and loneliness?
D. What are the symptoms of loneliness caused by solitude?
9. Why is it difficult for people to escape from loneliness after the end of COVID-19?
A. Their physiological life has transformed their genes and behaviors.
B. They have experienced various negative emotions when being alone.
C. They are facing a physiological matter rather than simply a mental state.
D. Their social life has been greatly changed due to months of solitude.
10. According to Steven Cole, which of the following may work to deal with loneliness?
A. Buying food for the homeless.
B. Socialising more with neighbors.
C. Exercising more to reduce anxiety.
D. Conducting experiments on inflammation.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Frightening Loneliness: Increase Inflammation.
B. Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.
C. The Unavoidable Problems: Solitude and Loneliness.
D. A Ground-breaking Finding: Loneliness Cured by Giving.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要說明了孤獨如何對人的健康有害,以及解決辦法。
【8題詳解】
詞句猜測題。分析第三段中的“that question”為代指,代指前文提到的問題。所以根據(jù)第一段中“So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.(因此,在COVID-19的這些日子里,強迫獨處在許多地方成為了日常秩序,如何防止獨處變成孤獨是一個緊迫的醫(yī)學問題)”以及第二段“One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology of the change.(解決這個問題的方法之一是嘗試理解這種變化的生理機制)”可知,“that question”指的是我們怎樣才能擺脫孤獨和寂寞。故選B項。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.(他們還注意到,這種大腦活動水平的增加反過來會改善炎癥,并導致諸如社交退縮、對外界產(chǎn)生懷疑的感覺,以及傾向于通過做出很少涉及風險的決定來采取更防御性的行動。當然,這進一步促進了孤獨感。因此,雖然孤獨始于獨處,但它可以很快形成自己的生理生活)”可知,由獨處引起的孤獨,會很快形成自己的生理生活,所以新冠肺炎疫情結(jié)束后,人們獨處了很長一段時間,他們面對的是生理問題,而不僅僅是精神狀態(tài),所以很難擺脫孤獨。故選C項。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.(為了尋找這一點,科爾博士進行了一系列實驗,鼓勵孤獨的人對他們的同伴做出簡單的善舉:比如為年長的鄰居購買食品雜貨或幫助同事。那些表現(xiàn)友善的人的炎癥基因活性與科爾博士之前在孤獨的人身上看到的恰恰相反)”可知,根據(jù)史蒂文·科爾的說法,幫助他人,做出善舉可以有效應對孤獨。故選A項。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.(孤獨對你的健康有害。因此,在COVID-19的這些日子里,強迫獨處在許多地方成為了日常秩序,如何防止獨處變成孤獨是一個緊迫的醫(yī)學問題)”可知,本文主要講述的是如何防止獨處變成孤獨,然后作者講述了獨處變成孤獨的生理機制,以及如何戰(zhàn)勝孤獨,所以文章的最好的標題應該是B項“Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.(孤獨及其影響:戰(zhàn)勝孤獨)”。故選B項。
D
Downing Street will receive a special delivery from postmasters this afternoon, the country’s biggest ever petition(請愿書) in modern times, Four million people have backed a campaign, urging the government to save Britain’s post offices. More than four thousand post offices have closed since 1999 for financial reasons; the rest are losing up to a quarter of a billion pounds a year.
The Saint Levan Valley Post Office near Plymouth faces closure. It is one of thousands that are not commercially practical and cost taxpayers over a hundred and fifty million pounds a year in subsidies. And yet the customers here don’t care if the post office makes money, they say it’s a social lifeline for the community.
“We’ve had people moved to tears here at the very thought of losing their post office. It s such a vital part of the community.” That’s why hundreds of postmasters have arrived in London this morning to remonstrate with what they call a death by a thousand cuts. The government has removed so many services from branches that many would be forced to close.
This afternoon they’ll hand in a petition signed by four million people which they hope would preempt (先發(fā)制人) any government announcement on cuts.
And at the top of the list of complaints: the planned withdrawal of the Post Office card account, used by millions to access pensions and benefits. There are many, many people who still want, and who budget on being able to get their money from their pension and other benefits each week in cash at post office, and that is the bottom line.
This industry wants reform and modernization, but not the ill-planned destruction of the network. “They have to be practical. What we wanna do is make sure that they can be practical. So in the same way as a pub used to be tied to one brewery, we want to free up post offices to have lots of products, so they can have a much better income flow, and therefore, stay open.”
12. Why has the government closed so many post offices?
A. The post offices fail to make a profit.
B. The government is forced to do so by the public.
C. The government decides to make it more commercial.
D. The post offices are of no use because of the Internet.
13. What does the underlined words “remonstrate with” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Negotiate with. B. Vote for.
C. Stand by. D. Protest against.
14. What is probably the key service of the post offices for common people?
A. To post letters.
B. To withdraw pensions.
C. To strengthen community bonds.
D. To protest against ill-planned cuts.
15. Why is “a pub” mentioned in the last paragraph’?
A. To predict the future of post offices.
B To indicate the success of pub business.
C. To suggest a realistic way to keep post offices open.
D. To explain the connection between pubs and post offices.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要講述了英國政府大量關(guān)閉郵局,引起了社會反彈,以及提出解決的辦法。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“More than four thousand post offices have closed since 1999 for financial reasons; the rest are losing up to a quarter of a billion pounds a year.(自1999年以來,已有4000多家郵局因財政原因關(guān)閉;其余的每年損失高達25億英鎊)”可知,英國政府關(guān)閉這么多郵局是因為郵局沒有盈利。故選A項。
【13題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“We’ve had people moved to tears here at the very thought of losing their post office. It s such a vital part of the community.(我們這里的人們一想到要失去他們的郵局就熱淚盈眶。這是社區(qū)的重要組成部分)”以及第四段“This afternoon they’ll hand in a petition signed by four million people which they hope would preempt any government announcement on cuts.(今天下午,他們將遞交一份由400萬人簽署的請愿書,他們希望這份請愿書能夠優(yōu)先于任何政府宣布的削減開支)”可知,很多英國人不想關(guān)閉郵局,所以可推知數(shù)百名郵政局長是去倫敦抗議的。故選D項。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“And at the top of the list of complaints: the planned withdrawal of the Post Office card account, used by millions to access pensions and benefits. There are many, many people who still want, and who budget on being able to get their money from their pension and other benefits each week in cash at post office, and that is the bottom line.(排在投訴名單前列的是,數(shù)百萬人用于領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金和福利的郵局卡賬戶的計劃取款。還有很多很多人仍然想要,他們每周都會在郵局以現(xiàn)金形式從養(yǎng)老金和其他福利中獲得資金,這就是底線)”可知,郵局為老百姓提供的主要服務可能是提取養(yǎng)老金。故選B項。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“So in the same way as a pub used to be tied to one brewery, we want to free up post offices to have lots of products, so they can have a much better income flow, and therefore, stay open.(因此,就像酒吧過去被捆綁在一家啤酒廠上一樣,我們希望解放郵局,讓它們擁有更多的產(chǎn)品,這樣它們就可以有更好的收入流,從而繼續(xù)營業(yè))”可知,最后一段提到“a pub”的原因是用酒吧舉例,提出一個切實可行的辦法讓郵局繼續(xù)營業(yè)。故選C項。
第二節(jié):(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12. 5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Owning a pet is a fun and rewarding experience. But every animal and their needs are different, so how can you make sure that you choose the right one for you? ___16___
Do your research
You may like the look of a particular pet but that doesn’t mean they’re right for you. ___17___,so think carefully about what you want from your pet and do some research before you take one on. Some breeds may require more vet care than others. Flat faced breeds such as French bulldogs and pugs can suffer a number of health issues over their lifetime.
Think about your lifestyle
For example, if you work full time and you want a dog, who would take care of them during the day? If you want a cat, will they have access to outside space while you’re out? ___18___
___19___
From everyday things like insurance, food and toys to unexpected vet bills, having a pet is certainly a financial commitment. Make sure you factor in how much your new pet will cost before you choose them.
Think about a rescue pet
Thousands of homeless pets are desperate for a good home. Charities like Blue Cross can offer support and advice about individual pets and help you find the right one for you. ___20___
A. Do your sums
B. Finance comes first
C. Here are some top tips from national pet charity Blue Cross.
D. They will be vaccinated so they offer great value compared to buying from a seller.
E. Don’t purchase online with multiple breeds or types of pets-they may be cruel to pets.
F. Take the requirements of different pets into account to make sure they’re the right choice.
G. Every pet has its own personality and certain breeds of animals often have strong characteristics.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章為確保人們選擇適合自己的寵物提出建議。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的“Owning a pet is a fun and rewarding experience. But every animal and their needs are different, so how can you make sure that you choose the right one for you?(擁有寵物是一種有趣且有益的體驗。但是每一種動物及其需求都是不同的,那么如何確保選擇適合自己的動物呢?)”可知,后文應該回答這個問題;根據(jù)后文的“Do your research(做你的研究)”、“Think about your lifestyle(想想你的生活方式)”等可知,這些是選擇適合你的動物的具體做法。C項(以下是來自國家寵物慈善機構(gòu)Blue Cross的一些重要建議。)承上啟下,與上下文連接通順。故選C項。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的“You may like the look of a particular pet but that doesn’t mean they’re right for you. (你可能喜歡特定寵物的外觀,但這并不意味著它們適合你。)”可知,下一句可以描述某些寵物不適合你的原因;根據(jù)后文的“so think carefully about what you want from your pet and do some research before you take one on(因此請仔細考慮你想要從寵物身上得到什么,并在接受寵物之前進行一些研究。)”可知,前一句可以描述進行研究的原因所在,G項(每只寵物都有自己的個性,某些品種的寵物通常具有很強的特征。)承上啟下,與上下文連接通順。故選G項。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的“For example, if you work full time and you want a dog, who would take care of them during the day? If you want a cat, will they have access to outside space while you’re out? (例如,如果你全職工作并且想要一只狗,那么白天誰來照顧它們?如果你想要一只貓,當你白天外出時,它們是否可以使用外部空間?)”可知,不同動物有不同的關(guān)照需求,F(xiàn)項(考慮不同寵物的需求,確保它們是正確的選擇。)承接上文,與上文連接通順。故選F項。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)本段的“From everyday things like insurance, food and toys to unexpected vet bills, having a pet is certainly a financial commitment. Make sure you factor in how much your new pet will cost before you choose them.(從保險、食品和玩具等日常用品到意外的獸醫(yī)賬單,養(yǎng)寵物無疑是一項經(jīng)濟投入。在選擇新寵物之前,請確??紤]到新寵物的花銷。)”可知, A項(算一算花銷)能夠概括本段內(nèi)容,可以作為段落標題。故選A項。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的“Thousands of homeless pets are desperate for a good home. Charities like Blue Cross can offer support and advice about individual pets and help you find the right one for you. (數(shù)以千計的無家可歸的寵物迫切需要一個好的家園。像 Blue Cross 這樣的慈善機構(gòu)可以提供有關(guān)個別寵物的支持和建議,并幫助你找到適合你的寵物。)”可知, 這里提出了 Blue Cross能夠發(fā)揮的積極作用,值得人們信賴,D項(它們將接種疫苗,因此與從賣家那里購買相比,他們提供了巨大的價值。)進一步具體提出了通過Blue Cross購買寵物能夠獲得的保障,承接上文,與上文連接通順,故選D項。
第三部分:語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié):(共15小題:每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
JESSICA WELLS had always wanted to be a nurse. In 2006, she ___21___ to the Associate Science of Nursing (ASN)program. ___22___, her GPA wasn’t high enough to make the cut, so she was___23___ as a general education student, hoping to improve her academic ___24___.
Eventually, Wells, who is deaf, blossomed, ___25___ the accommodations(調(diào)和) that the college offered to her, such as volunteer note takers and ___26___ who accompanied her in class.
After college administrators asked an employee whether Wells, a ___27___ girl, would make it as a nursing student, the employee reported that “the deaf-of hearing individual can be ___28___ as both a medical student and a nurse.” Wells, then in her mid-20s, was accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.
On January 22, however, just before the spring 2008 semester began, Wells received a letter from the school, ___29___ her from the program. The college decided that her “hearing loss would ___30___ limit (and in some cases completely limit) her ability to safely conduct ___31___ shifts.” On January 21, 2009, Wells made a protest to the Circuit Court of Greene County. She claimed that her failure to stay in the program ___32___ the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
“She’d done just fine in her training,” says Wells’s lawyer, Rita Sanders. “The school’s decision had no ___33___.”
However, the college replied, arguing that the loss of hearing will ___34___ a direct threat to the health or safety of patients. Faced with such an injustice, Wells resolved to fight for herself and others facing the same ___35___.
21. A. turned B. admitted C. applied D. ceased
22. A. Unfortunately B. Surprisingly C. Finally D. Unbelievably
23. A. extracted B. enrolled C. rejected D. inquired
24. A. tendency B. belief C. assessment D. performance
25. A. but for B. thanks to C. apart from D. up to
26. A. professors B. companions C. advisers D. interpreters
27. A. hearing-disabled B. strong-willed C. kind-hearted D. short-sighted
28. A. tough B. ambitious C. successful D. reasonable
29. A. dismissing B. employing C. escaping D. skipping
30. A. seldom B. greatly C. totally D. slightly
31. A. social B. academic C. clinical D. athletic
32. A. goes against B. turns down C. calls for D. gets through
33. A. consequences B. theories C. faiths D. grounds
34. A. pose B. mark C. switch D. yield
35. A. recognition B. dilemma C. prejudice D. preference
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了杰西卡·威爾斯在失聰?shù)钠D難處境中不甘于向命運屈服而努力求學上進的故事。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:2006年,她申請了護理助理科學課程。A. turned轉(zhuǎn)身,翻轉(zhuǎn);B. admitted承認,準許某人加入;C. applied申請,應用;D. ceased停止,結(jié)束。根據(jù)后文的“Wells, then in her mid-20s, was accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.(當時,威爾斯已經(jīng)25歲了,她于2007年秋季被護理助理科學課程錄取。)”可知,在2006年時她申請了護理助理科學課程,然后在2007年被接收。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:不幸的是,她的平均分數(shù)不夠高而不符合要求,所以她作為一名普通教育學生被錄取,希望提高自己的學業(yè)成績。A. Unfortunately不幸地;B. Surprisingly令人驚訝地;C. Finally最終;D. Unbelievably難以置信地。根據(jù)第1題的句意可知,她申請了護理助理科學課程,“her GPA wasn’t high enough(她的平均分數(shù)不夠高)”與上文在邏輯上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:不幸的是,她的平均分數(shù)不夠高而不符合要求,所以她作為一名普通教育學生被錄取,希望提高自己的學業(yè)成績。A. extracted摘錄,提取; B. enrolled登記, 吸收(成員);C. rejected拒絕;D. inquired詢問,調(diào)查。根據(jù)“a general education student(普通教育學生)”可知,這是威爾斯的身份,be enrolled as:被登記為。故選B項。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:不幸的是,她的平均分數(shù)不夠高而不符合要求,所以她作為一名普通教育學生被錄取,希望提高自己的學業(yè)成績。A. tendency趨向;B. belief信念;C. assessment評價;D. performance表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“her GPA wasn’t high enough(她的平均學分績點不夠高)”可知,威爾斯想要符合要求參與護理助理科學課程就需要提高她的學分,academic performance:學業(yè)成績。故選D項。
【25題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意:最終,多虧學院為她做的調(diào)整,比如提供志愿為她做筆記的人和課堂上陪伴她的同伴,失聰?shù)耐査棺兊米孕帕?。A. but for要不是;B. thanks to多虧,由于; C. apart from除了,此外;D. up to達到。根據(jù)“the accommodations that the college offered to her(學校為她做的調(diào)節(jié))”可知,這是失聰?shù)耐査鼓軌蜃兊米孕诺脑?。故選B項。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:最終,多虧學院為她做的調(diào)整,比如提供志愿為她做筆記的人和課堂上陪伴她的同伴,失聰?shù)耐査棺兊米孕帕?。A. professors教授;B. companions同伴; C. advisers顧問;D. interpreters口譯員。根據(jù)“accompanied her in class(在課堂上陪伴她)”可知,威爾斯在課堂有了同伴。故選B項。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在大學管理人員詢問一名員工這個聽力殘疾女孩威爾斯是否會成為一名護理專業(yè)的學生后,這位員工報告說,“這個失聰?shù)娜思瓤梢猿蔀橐幻t(yī)科學生,也可以成為一位護士”。A. hearing-disabled聽力殘疾的;B. strong-willed 意志力堅定的;C. kind-hearted仁慈的,善良的;D. short-sighted近視的,目光短淺的。根據(jù)“the deaf-of hearing individual (這個失聰?shù)娜耍笨芍査共痪哂新犃δ芰?。故選A項。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在大學管理人員詢問一名員工這個聽力殘疾女孩威爾斯是否會成為一名護理專業(yè)的學生后,這位員工報告說,“這個失聰?shù)娜思瓤梢猿蔀橐幻t(yī)科學生,也可以成為一位護士”。A. tough艱難的;B. ambitious有雄心的;C. successful成功的; D. reasonable合理的。根據(jù)“Wells, then in her mid-20s, was accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.(當時,威爾斯已經(jīng)25歲了,她于2007年秋季被護理助理科學課程錄取。)”可知,管理人員認為威爾斯能夠成功地作為護理專業(yè)的學生和護士。故選C項。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,1月22日,就在2008年春季學期開始之前,威爾斯收到了學校的一封信,讓她從該課程中離開。A. dismissing解雇, 讓(某人)離開;B.
employing雇傭;C. escaping逃走;D. skipping跳過,不參加。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知,威爾斯于2007年秋季被護理助理科學課程錄取,再由however一詞可知情況發(fā)生了變化,學校將她從課程計劃中除名,dismiss…from…:將(某人)從……開除,使(某人)退去。故選A項。
【30題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:學院認為她的聽力受損將極大地限制(有時甚至完全限制)她安全進行臨床交接的能力。A. seldom很少;B. greatly極大地;C. totally 完全地;D. slightly輕微地。根據(jù)“in some cases completely limit(有時甚至完全限制)”可知,學院認為威爾斯的聽力受損會很大程度上影響她的工作。故選B項。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:學院認為她的聽力受損將極大地限制(有時甚至完全限制)她安全進行臨床交接的能力。A. social社會的;B. academic學業(yè)的;C. clinical 臨床的,臨床診斷的;D. athletic 健壯的,田徑運動的。威爾斯是學習護理專業(yè)的,根據(jù)shift一詞可知,護士在臨床工作中會有交接的工作進行。故選C項。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:她聲稱自己未能繼續(xù)參加該項目違反了《美國殘疾人法案》。A. goes against違背,反對;B. turns down調(diào)低,拒絕;C. calls for需要,提倡;D. gets through通過,完成。根據(jù)“On January 21, 2009, Wells made a protest to the Circuit Court of Greene County. (2009年1月21日,威爾斯向格林縣巡回法院提出抗議。)”可知,她認為學校讓她從該課程中離開的做法是違背法律規(guī)定的。故選A項。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:學校的決定是沒有根據(jù)的。A. consequences結(jié)果; B. theories理論;C. faiths信念;D. grounds理由,論據(jù)。根據(jù)““She’d done just fine in her training,” says Wells’s lawyer, Rita Sanders. (威爾斯的律師麗塔·桑德斯表示:“她在培訓中表現(xiàn)不錯”。)”可知,律師麗塔·桑德斯認為學校沒有理由做出讓她從該課程中離開的決定。故選D項。
【34題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,該學院回應說,聽力喪失將對患者的健康或安全構(gòu)成直接威脅。A. pose造成,引起;B. mark標記;C. switch轉(zhuǎn)換;D. yield屈服,產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)“a direct threat to the health or safety of patients(對患者健康或安全的直接威脅)”可知,選擇pose一詞合乎語義的需要,pose a threat to:對……造成威脅。故選A項。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:面對這樣的不公正,威爾斯決心為自己和面臨同樣偏見的其他人而戰(zhàn)。A. recognition認可,認出;B. dilemma困境,窘境;C. prejudice 偏見;D. preference偏愛;根據(jù)上文的講述以及“such an injustice(這樣的不公正)”可知,威爾斯因為殘疾而在學業(yè)上受到了偏見,為此她要通過法律向?qū)W校討要公平。故選C項。
第Ⅱ卷
第二節(jié):(共10小題;每小題1. 5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, which exhibits the history and culture of the Grand Canal, ___36___ (attract) a great number of visitors. Each day, the museum provides 15, 000 tickets ___37___ visitors to book in advance. They usually sell out on weekends, making the museum ___38___ popular landmark in East China.
It takes only 20 minutes ___39___ (get) to the museum by taxi from the Yangzhoudong Railway Station. “My passion ___40___ (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm ___41___ I got there.”
The museum, ___42___ appearance resembles a giant ship, covers 80,000 square meters and houses 14 exhibition halls. While telling its story, the museum puts an ___43___ (emphasize) on improving visitors’ experience. Young people can take part in a live-action role-play game designed by the museum, transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty, and ___44___ (immerse) them in an amazing world. “It is _____45_____ (true) a very meaningful experience,” said a visitor surnamed Chen.
【答案】36. has attracted
37. for 38. a
39. to get 40. was aroused
41. until 42. whose
43. emphasis
44. immersing
45. truly
【解析】
【導語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了揚州的中國大運河博物館。
【36題詳解】
考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:近幾個月來,位于揚州的中國大運河博物館,展示了大運河的歷史和文化,吸引了大量的游客。分析句子可知,attract作謂語,主語是“the China Grand Canal Museum”,是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),由時間狀語in recent months可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時,故填has attracted。
【37題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:該博物館每天為游客提供15,000張門票,供游客提前預訂。provide sth. for sb.“提供某物給某人”是固定短語,根據(jù)句意,故填for。
【38題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:他們通常在周末賣光,使博物館成為中國東部的熱門地標。landmark“地標,里程碑”是可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一個受歡迎的地標”,故填a。
【39題詳解】
考查不定式。句意:從揚州東火車站乘出租車到博物館只需20分鐘。此處考查It takes some time to do sth.“做某事需要多長時間”,是固定句型,it是形式主語,不定式短語作真正的主語,故填to get。
【40題詳解】
考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:那些乘客激起了我的熱情,所以我也帶著我的孩子們?nèi)チ瞬┪镳^。分析句子可知,arouse是謂語動詞,與主語my passion是被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)下文的took可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,用一般過去時,主語my passion是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),故填was aroused。
【41題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:直到我到達那里,我才不知道為什么它有如此大的魅力。分析句子可知,兩個句子之間需要連詞連接,根據(jù)句意,not…until…“直到……才……”符合句意,用until引導時間狀語從句,故填until。
【42題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:這個博物館,它的外觀像一艘巨輪,占地8萬平方米,有14個展廳。分析句子可知,“__7___ appearance resembles a giant ship”是定語從句,與The museum構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,從句中作定語,引導非限制性定語從句用關(guān)系代詞whose,故填whose。
【43題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:在講述故事的同時,博物館強調(diào)改善游客的體驗。不定冠詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,作動詞put的賓語,故填emphasis。
【44題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:年輕人可以參加由博物館設計的真人角色扮演游戲,將他們送回明朝,并沉浸在一個神奇的世界中。分析句子可知,and連接“transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty”和“(immerse) them in an amazing world”作狀語,根據(jù)句意,此處表示意料之中的結(jié)果,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,故填immersing。
【45題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:這確實是一次非常有意義的經(jīng)歷。修飾動詞is用副詞作狀語,故填truly。
第四部分:寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié):(滿分15分)
46. 假定你是校英語俱樂部“Language and culture”的負責人李華,請給外教Peter寫郵件邀請他做一次講座。內(nèi)容包括:
1.講座時間和地點;
2.講座對象;
3.講座的內(nèi)容;
注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;
2.可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Dear Peter,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Hua, head of the English Club in our school. I’m writing to invite you to give a lecture, which will take place in the library next Saturday afternoon.
The topics for discussion are supposed to be related to language and culture, which are very popular among Chinese high school students, and all the teachers and students are required to be persent.
Please drop me a line to tell me your decision at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
LiHua
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于邀請信。要求考生給請給外教Peter寫郵件,邀請他做一次講座。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
方便:facility →convenience
做演講:give a speech → give a lecture
和……相關(guān):be connected with→ be related to
發(fā)生:happen→ take place
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句:I’m Li Hua, head of the English Club in our school
拓展句:I’m Li Hua, who is the head of the English Club in our school
【點睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing to invite you to give a lecture, which will take place in the library next Saturday after noon.(運用了which引導的非限制性定語從句)
[高分句型2]Please drop me a line to tell me your decision at your earliest convenience.(運用了祈使句)
第二節(jié):(滿分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Charles Rose lived in the country with his father, who taught him to read and to write. Mr. Rose told his son that, when his morning lessons were over, he might amuse himself for one hour as he pleased.
There was a river near by. On its bank stood the hut of a poor fisherman, who lived by selling fish. His careful wife kept her wheel going early and late. They both worked very hard to keep themselves above want. But they were greatly troubled for fear that their only son should never learn to read and to write. They could not teach him themselves, and they were too poor to send him to school.
Charles called at the hut of this fisherman one day to inquire about his dog, which was missing. He found the little boy, whose name was Joe, siting by the table, on which he was making marks with a piece of chalk. Charles asked him whether he was drawing pictures.
“No. I am trying to write,” said little Joe, “but I know only two words. Those I saw upon a sign, and I am trying to write them.”
“If I could only learn to read and write,” said he, “I should be the happiest boy in the world.”
“Then I will make you happy said Charles.” I am only a little boy, but I can teach you that.”
“My father gives me an hour every day for myself. Now, if you will try to learn, you shall soon know how to read and to write.”
Both Joe and his mother were ready to fall on their knees to thank Charles. They told him it was what they wished above all things.
So, on the next day when the hour came, Charles put his book in his pocket, and went to teach Joe. Joe learned very fast, and Charles son began to teach him how to write.
Some time after, a gentleman called on Mr. Rose, and said, “Charles did not always amuse himself. I often see him go to the house of the fisherman. I fear he goes out in their boat.”
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
The moment the gentleman left, Mr. Rose went in search of his son.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, his father took him to town, and gave him books for himself and Joe, with writing paper, pens, and ink.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文:
The moment the gentleman left, Mr. Rose went in search of his son. He went to the river, and walked up and down, in hope of seeing the boat. Not seeing it, he grew uneasy. He thought Charles must have gone a long way off. Unwilling to leave without learning something of him, he went to the hut. He put his head in at the window, which was open. There a pleasant sight met his eyes. Charles was at the table, ruling a copybook Joe was reading to him, while his mother was spinning in the corner. Charles was a little confused. He feared his father might not be pleased; but he had no need to be uneasy, for his father was delighted.
The next day, his father took him to town, and gave him books for himself and Joe, with writing paper, pens, and ink. Charles was the happiest boy in the world when he came home. He ran to Joe, his hands filled with parcels, and his heart beating with joy.
【解析】
【導語】本文以人物為線索展開,講述了查爾斯·羅斯和他的父親住在鄉(xiāng)下,父親教他讀書寫字,查爾斯認識了附近的漁夫的兒子喬,于是教他寫字和閱讀,這天父親前來找羅斯,看到羅斯在教喬,感到很高興。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“那位先生一走,羅斯先生就去找他的兒子”可知,第一段可描寫羅斯先生找到兒子后的事情。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“第二天,他的父親帶他到城里,給他自己和喬的書,還有信紙、筆和墨水”可知,第二段可描寫查爾斯拿到這些東西時的反應。
2.續(xù)寫線索:陪走路——幫助——感謝——陪回家——拒絕——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
尋找:in search of /look for
害怕:fear/scare
裝滿:be filled with /be full of
情緒類
擔心:uneasy /concerned
快樂:joy/happiness
【點睛】[高分句型1] He put his head in at the window, which was open. (運用了which引導非限制性定語從句)
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