?熱點04 語法填空

【命題趨勢】
在一篇200左右詞的短文中留出十個空白，所設(shè)空白分有詞填空和無詞填空二種。有詞填空題考查：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、形容詞或副詞的級、非謂語動詞和簡單構(gòu)詞法。無詞填空考查：代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞和情態(tài)動詞。要求考生根據(jù)空白所在句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填寫，以便使短文準(zhǔn)確無誤。本題型主要考查考生在文章中正確使用英語語法知識的能力。
【滿分技巧】
答題原則：以句子為單位來考慮含有空白的句子。答不出時，再考慮設(shè)空所在句與前句或后句的關(guān)系。
A. 有詞填空題
這類題在一個設(shè)空處可填一至三個詞，其中考查最多、最難的是用動詞的正確形式填空。這包含對時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞及構(gòu)詞法知識的考查。首先要確定該空應(yīng)該使用謂語動詞(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、)還是用非謂語動詞。規(guī)律是：每個句子(從第一個詞到句號或嘆號算作一個句子)都遵循這個等式：謂語數(shù)-1=連詞數(shù)。其中一個破折號(若后面是句子)、分號、冒號算作一個連詞；連接并列成分的連詞，承接上文的連詞，以及 when、if、though與非謂語動詞連用時的不計數(shù)。在填含有已給動詞的空白時，依據(jù)已知的謂語動詞和連詞的數(shù)量所構(gòu)成的等式來判斷。若左邊(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填謂語動詞；若相等，需要填非謂語動詞(詳見下列《技巧應(yīng)用》)
B. 無詞填空題
這類題一個空白只許填一個詞，其中考查最多、最難的是填從屬連詞。判斷是否填連詞的方法也是根據(jù)上述等式(遇到難句、長句、復(fù)雜句，才使用)來考慮：即, 若右邊(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填連詞。
考查代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、形容詞或副詞的級和情態(tài)動詞的填空題相對較簡單。將在《技巧應(yīng)用》或《限時檢測》中詳述。
【熱點話題】閱讀、健康、運動、社會熱點、垃圾分類、文化介紹等

英語語法填空高考考點整理
一、 從句引導(dǎo)詞
1定語從句
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759. (which/that 本句考查定語從句)
（2019全國2卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les. （which 非限制性定語從句）
（2018全國1卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_____showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.（that/which 定語從句，指物，在從句中做主語故用關(guān)系代詞）
（2018全國2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government stared a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.（that/which 定語從句，指物，在從句中做主語故用關(guān)系代詞）
（2017全國1卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.（which 非限制性定語從句）
（2016全國1卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...（when 非限制性定語從句，先行詞是時間，在從句中做時間狀語）
2賓語從句
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57． could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
（what 考查名詞性從句。句意：在幾千年的時間里，他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴，而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子，賓語從句部分缺主語，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞”。根據(jù)句意，此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。）
（2015全國2卷）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly___thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（how 引導(dǎo)賓語從句）
3同位語從句
（2019全國1卷）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（that 同位語從句）
二、 謂語動詞的的變式
1時態(tài)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) New methods 65． (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.(meant 句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子，主句部分無其他動詞，故此處需填時態(tài)。文章的整體時態(tài)是過去時，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時的主動形式。故填meant。)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (had discovered 句意：大約在公元前6000年，人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子，簡單句中除了提示詞外無其余動詞，故此處需用動詞的時態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動邏輯。by + 過去時間 譯為“到…為止”，后面的句子用過去完成時。故填had discovered.)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. （formed 句子中有明確的過去時間狀語，因此謂語部分用過去時）
（2019全國1卷） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.（have reported 現(xiàn)在完成時，標(biāo)志是in recent years）
（2019全國2卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. （declared 一般過去時）
（2019全國2卷） I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years.（have made 現(xiàn)在完成時，標(biāo)志是over the years）
（2018全國1卷） While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it ___(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.（is 一般現(xiàn)在時）
（2018全國2卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.（has grown 現(xiàn)在完成時，標(biāo)志是since）
（2018全國2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.（started 一般過去時，標(biāo)志為過去時間點2005年）
（2017全國2卷） Later, engineers ______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.（managed 根據(jù)全文時態(tài)判定為一般過去時）
（2016全國2卷）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.（make 祈使句用動詞原形）
2語態(tài)（主被動）
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).( was needed句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，邏輯主語和need之間表示被動邏輯。同時此處描述的是過去的時間，所以時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時。故此處應(yīng)用過去時的被動語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms. (are called 本句考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.（to care 這個是主動形式表示被動含義，本句中與謂語部分的形容詞有關(guān)）
（2017全國1卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.（are removed 主語是fat and salt，be動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，被動表示脂肪和糖從食物中被除去）
（2017全國2卷）Steam engines _____(use) to pull the carriages...（were used 根據(jù)全文判定時態(tài)為一般過去時，根據(jù)主語engines判定為復(fù)數(shù)，被動表示蒸汽引擎被用于...）
（2016全國1卷） I______（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（was allowed 首先文章是一般過去時的記敘文，其次我是單數(shù)，被允許為被動語態(tài)）
3主謂一致
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41． (be) on display. （ is 主語是collcetion 為單數(shù)，謂語也用單數(shù)）
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance.（carries 表語從句的主語是decorating 由介詞with引導(dǎo)的詞語不是主語，謂語動詞與with等介詞前面的主語保持一致）
（2019全國1卷）three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. （are 主語six指發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個企鵝種群，為復(fù)數(shù)）
（2017全國1卷）Fast food (be) full of fat and salt;（is food是不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞用單數(shù)）
（2016全國2卷） Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.（is 動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)）
4非謂語的變化（不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞）
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.( making 句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，make所處的分句中無主語，故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式（doing）形式做狀語。故填making。)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change) lives.( to change 句意：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子，簡單句中已有動詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walk)through a rainforest. (walking 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示正在進行的動作)
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(decorated 過去分詞作后置定語修飾賓語them)
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.（coming 本句的謂語動詞是represent ，coming 是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語修飾賓語earth）
（2019全國1卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.（to perform 考查動詞不定式，本句本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，后跟動詞不定式作狀語。）
（2019全國1卷）Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.（noting 現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞賓語）
（2019全國2卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded”Woman Of The Year”for （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. （being 現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞賓語）
（2019全國2卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans （retire） from her 36-year-old business. （to retire）
（2019全國2卷）When we got a call （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. （saying 現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，主動）
（2018全國1卷）You don’t have to run fast or for long ___(see) the benefit.（to see 動詞不定式作非謂語表目的）
（2018全國1卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___(die) early by running. （dying 動名詞作介詞賓語）
（2018全國2卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.（to improve 動詞不定式作非謂語表目的）
（2018全國2卷）China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.（feeding ）
（2017全國1卷）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.（to process 動詞不定式作賓語，be required to do sth.被要求做某事）
（2017全國1卷）by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.（eating 動名詞作介詞賓語）
（2017全國2卷）This included digging up the road, _____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.（laying 動名詞作included的賓語，也可根據(jù)digging up和building判定）
（2016全國1卷）I was the first Western TV reporter_____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（permitted 過去分詞作后置定語，表被動）
（2016全國1卷）My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （introducing 動名詞作賓語）
（2016全國2卷）If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.（to bring 動詞不定式，可能做某事is likely to...）
（2015全國1卷）A study of travelers___(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.（conducted 過去分詞作后置定語，表被動）
三、 虛詞
1介詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture. ( in 句意：公元前10000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”應(yīng)是之前名詞the world 的定語從句，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語，即：they lived in the world. live in+名詞，意為“居住在某地”。故填in。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) Museums must compete 45．people’s spare time and money with other amusements. （ for 句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for，意為: “為了……競爭”。故填 for。 ）
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. (with 本題考查介詞的搭配方法 與…有聯(lián)系)
（2019全國1卷）Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.（of/for 介詞搭配，...的方法）
（2017全國1卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.（as 作為）
（2017全國2卷）as they travelled to and work.（from 和to對應(yīng)，表示人們上下班）
（2016全國1卷）But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,（to 回到，追溯到go back to）
（2016全國2卷）Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. （on 專注于...focus on...）
2連詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Farming produced more food per person 58． hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. ( than 句意：農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產(chǎn)量更高。結(jié)合句意可知，此句中將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與狩獵和采集相比，應(yīng)用比較連詞than。more… than，意為 “比……更” 故填than。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. ( or 連詞，表示選擇性)
（2019全國2卷）I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.（but 轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，not...but... 不是...而是...）
（2018全國1卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.（than 比較連詞，因前面出現(xiàn)比較級more effective）
（2018全國2卷）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.（than 比較連詞，因前面出現(xiàn)比較級less water）
（2016全國2卷）So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.（as...as...）
3冠詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Then，with 64． rise of science，changes began.(the 句意：隨著科學(xué)的崛起，事情發(fā)生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著......的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。)
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). （the 序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞）
（2019全國1卷）Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining...（the 特指已發(fā)現(xiàn)的19個企鵝亞種群）
（2019全國2卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was joke.（a 不定冠詞，一個玩笑）
（2018全國2卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.（the）
（2017全國1卷）As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.（a as a result作為結(jié)果，固定搭配）
（2017全國2卷）This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over____ top.（the 在什么頂上）
（2016全國1卷）while one is being bottle-fed, _____ other is with mum-she never suspects.（the 兩者中的另一個，one...the other...）
（2016全國2卷）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while （a 一會兒 for a while）
四、 實詞（謂語動詞已單列）
1名詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷) Later，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.( seasons 句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) Historical 44． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 高考（accuracy 形容詞變名詞，其作句子的主語）
（2020年全國卷Ⅱ）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（celebration動詞變名詞作表語）
（2019全國1卷） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.（belief 動詞變名詞作賓語）
（2018全國1卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _____（cause）.（causes 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，因為有all修飾）
（2018全國1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. （strengthen 名詞變動詞）
（2018全國2卷）This switch has decreased (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.（pollution 動詞變名詞作賓語）
（2017全國1卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.（effects 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，因為有some修飾）
（2017全國2卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____(crowd) on the roads above...（crowds）
（2017全國2卷）This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.（introduction 動詞變名詞，表示電動引擎和電梯的引進）
（2016全國1卷）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).（attraction 動詞變名詞，top是形容詞，修飾名詞）
（2016全國1卷）The nursery team switches him every few ____(day) with his sister... （days 可數(shù)名詞有few修飾用復(fù)數(shù)）
（2016全國2卷）Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). （achievement 成就感）
（2016全國2卷）Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work...（studies 根據(jù)謂語動詞show可知主語為名詞復(fù)數(shù)）
2代詞
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history. (themselves 反身代詞作謂語動詞的賓語)
（2018全國1卷）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give____ a try.（it 指代running，作賓語）
（2017全國2卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_____ every day.（it 代指前文的the railway，作賓語）
（2016全國1卷）On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ______ (it) mother. （its 首先代指上文twin，其次修飾mother，用形容詞性物主代詞）
3形容詞
（2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷)）In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.（ wealthy 名詞變形容詞作定語）
2020年全國Ⅱ卷）The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.（beautiful名詞變形容詞）
（2019全國1卷）...leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are (high) than they actually are.（higher 形容詞比較級，標(biāo)志是than）
（2019全國2卷）We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder). （wonderful 名詞變形容詞）
（2018全國1卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____(long) than non-runners.（longer 形容詞比較級，標(biāo)志是than）
（2018全國1卷）Running is cheap, easy and it’s always____(energy).（energetic 名詞變形容詞作表語）
（2018全國2卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.（global 名詞變形容詞作定語）
（2017全國1卷）Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. （worse 根據(jù)上下文和even確定用比較級，表示比上文情況更糟糕的是...）
（2017全國1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.（careful be動詞后跟形容詞作表語）
（2017全國2卷）The central London Railway was one of the most ______(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.（successful 名詞變形容詞作定語修飾lines，且前面有形容詞高級的標(biāo)志 the most ）
（2016全國2卷）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of (great)and less importance. （greater 形容詞比較級，跟less相對）
4副詞
（2020年全國Ⅱ卷） (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.（certainly形容詞變副詞）
（2019全國1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; （poorly 形容詞變副詞）
（2019全國2卷）Her years of hard work have （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. （finally 形容詞變副詞）
（2018全國2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change.（actually 形容詞變副詞）
（2017全國2卷）and it must have been_____(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.（fairly 副詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，相當(dāng)?shù)兀?
（2016全國1卷）The title will be _____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.（officially 副詞修飾動詞）
（2016全國2卷）...we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).（regularly 形容詞變副詞修飾動詞）
語法填空近五年高考真題
A
（2020年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)）
話題：中國新年的裝飾品
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64． decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66． (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67． health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69． (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70． first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
B
（2020年浙江省高考英語試卷（7月））
話題：人類如何征服世界
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___62___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___64___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
C
（2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷））
話題：人類如何征服世界
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
D
（2019全國1卷）
話題：介紹北極圈的北極熊
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
E
（2019全國2卷）
話題：介紹一位90歲的英國職員
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder）.”
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
F
（2018全國1卷）
話題：介紹運動員能夠活的更長久的原因
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__(long) than non-runners, You don’t have to run fast or for long _62__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63__(die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it _64___(be)more effective at lengthening life _65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014__66___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67___（cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always_69___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_ a try.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
G
（2018全國2卷）
話題：介紹中國飲食的變化
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
H
（2017全國1卷）
話題：介紹飲食的潮流的變化
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
I
（2017全國2卷）
話題：介紹全世界第一個地鐵
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
J
（2016全國1卷）
話題：介紹成都
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I _____62_（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter __66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
K
（2016全國2卷）
話題：如何處理工作中的壓力
難度：★★
建議用時：10分
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

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