
?北京市一零一中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試
高一英語
第二部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié),共30分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分,共15分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脈搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按壓) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___!
Soon, paramedics (急救人員) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2 A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了在一場車禍后Norwood如何鎮(zhèn)定自若利用所學(xué)的急救知識勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。
【1題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)她們到達一個十字路口時,一輛黑色的汽車撞上了他們。A. stopped停止;B. hit撞擊;C. guided指導(dǎo);D. passed通過。根據(jù)下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知,一輛車撞上了他們,致使她們的車駛進另一個院子,撞到了樹上。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:句意:碰撞使得Norwood駕駛員這側(cè)的車門塌陷,將門卡住了。 A. impact碰撞;B. symbol象征;C. weight重量;D. gravity重力。根據(jù)上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知,Norwood的車遭受了撞擊,駕駛員這側(cè)的門塌陷被卡住了。故選A。
【3題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:恐懼的然而在別的方面還是可以的,她從窗戶爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的;B. Shaken恐懼的;C. Amazed驚奇的;D. Embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知,汽車遭到撞擊,即將爆炸,因此推斷Norwood是恐懼的。故選B。
【4題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:Norwood和她的兩個朋友,也設(shè)法自己逃了出來,一起逃命。A. free使擺脫;使自由;B. defeat打??;C. meet遇見;D. protect保護。根據(jù)上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知,Norwood和這兩個朋友一起逃命,說明朋友也成功自救。who引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代two of her friends,此處說的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脫;使自己自由”符合語境。故選A。
【5題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:她跑回去發(fā)現(xiàn)Simmons在后座上,昏迷不醒。A. back向后;B. around在周圍;C. forward向前;D. outside在外邊。根據(jù)上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知,Norwood發(fā)現(xiàn)Simmons沒有和她們一起逃生,于是跑回去發(fā)現(xiàn)了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:她把Simmons拽到安全的地方,然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推動;B. rolled滾動;C. drove開車;D. dragged拖拽。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)aid her on the ground”可知,Norwood把Simmons從車里拽了出來。故選D。
【7題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:幸運的是,我昨天獲得了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)證書。A. lost失去;B. tested測驗;C. earned贏得;獲得;D. provided提供。根據(jù)上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知,Norwood開始給Simmons做心肺復(fù)蘇,幸運的是,昨天她獲得了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)證書,可以實施心肺復(fù)蘇。故選C。
8題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:沒有回應(yīng)。A. trouble麻煩;B. response回復(fù);C. preparation準備;D. exception例外。根據(jù)上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她開始按壓她朋友的胸膛,往朋友的嘴里吹氣,希望能用生命的吻填滿她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按壓) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后,經(jīng)過30次按壓和兩次急救呼吸后,Simmons恢復(fù)了意識)”可知,開始做心肺復(fù)蘇時,Simmons沒有回應(yīng),又經(jīng)過努力按壓和兩次急救呼吸后,她才恢復(fù)意識。故選B。
【9題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)起作用了。A. begun開始;B. finished完成;C. failed失敗;D. worked起作用。根據(jù)上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知,Simmons恢復(fù)了意識,說明心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)起作用了。故選D。
【10題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:“我并不感到驚訝,”Simmons說“她總是會盡力幫助?!?A. calm鎮(zhèn)靜的;B. upset不安的;C. surprised驚奇的; D. nervous緊張的。根據(jù)下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知,Simmons對于Norwood會挽救她的生命,因此她知道她總是會盡力提供幫助。故選C。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分,共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
My classmates and I took part in a voluntary activity on the International Volunteer Day. We had a meeting to discuss what to do before the activity. Our monitor suggested giving directions to those ____11____ got lost, and everyone agreed. On the morning of December 5th, we came to the crossroads near our school to make careful preparation. Some were hanging up banners, while others ____12____ (put) maps in order. The people we helped were all ____13____ (satisfy) and praised us for what we did.
【答案】11. who
12. were putting
13. satisfied
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述作者和同班同學(xué)在國際志愿者日一起參加志愿者活動的事情。
【11題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:我們的班長建議給迷路的人指路,大家都同意了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,____1____ got lost是定語從句,先行詞是those,指人,在從句中做主語,用who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
【12題詳解】
考查謂語動詞。句意:有些人在掛橫幅,而另一些人則把地圖擺放整齊。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查while引導(dǎo)的并列句的謂語動詞,這句話描述的是過去正在進行的動作,所以用過去進行時。主語是others,be動詞用were。故填were putting。
【13題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:我們幫助的人都很滿意,并稱贊我們的所作所為。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要形容詞做表語,表示“滿意的”意思。故填satisfied。
B
閱讀下列短文。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise, which aims at developing strength and flexibility. However, ____14____yoga is really about is more than just exercise. People do yoga ____15____ (hear) what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them. In 2014, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, asked the United Nations to create an International Day of Yoga. The United Nations agreed, and now International Yoga Day ____16____(celebrate) in June.
【答案】14. what
15. to hear
16. is celebrated
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述瑜伽。
【14題詳解】
考查主語從句。句意:然而,瑜伽真正的意義不僅僅是鍛煉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,____1____yoga is really about是主語從句,從句中缺少介詞about的賓語,指物,“什么”的意思。故填what。
【15題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:人們做瑜伽是為了聽到身體在告訴他們什么,以及他們內(nèi)心的安靜聲音。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,動詞短語hear what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them是“what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them(人們做瑜伽)”的目的,所以用動詞不定式,做目的狀語。故填to hear。
【16題詳解】
考查謂語動詞。句意:聯(lián)合國同意了,現(xiàn)在國際瑜伽日在每年的6月舉行。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查句子的謂語動詞,這句話描述的是現(xiàn)在的事實,主語International Yoga Day和動詞celebrate是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu),be動詞用is。故填is celebrated。
C
閱讀下列短文。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, also known as UNICEF, is a United Nations ____17____(organize) based in New York. It offers help needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded ____18____ 11th December, 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaged in World War II. Since 1953, UNICEF ____19____ (take) up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with disease or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernization and environmental ____20____ (problem).
【答案】17. organization##organisation
18. on 19. has taken
20. problems
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了聯(lián)合國兒童基金會。
【17題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:聯(lián)合國國際兒童緊急基金,又稱兒童基金會,是一個總部設(shè)在紐約的聯(lián)合國組織。根據(jù)空格前不定冠詞a可知,應(yīng)使用單數(shù)名詞organization(美式)或者organisation(英式),作表語,意為“組織”。故填organization/organisation。
【18題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:聯(lián)合國兒童基金會成立于1946年12月11日,旨在為二戰(zhàn)受害國的兒童提供食物和醫(yī)療保健。具體某一天前面用介詞on,表示“在(某一天)”。故填on。
【19題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意:自1953年以來,兒童基金會開展了一項擴大任務(wù),幫助發(fā)展中世界的兒童,包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童,以及那些受快速現(xiàn)代化和環(huán)境問題影響的兒童。take (up)是句中謂語動詞,與主語UNICEF之間是主動關(guān)系,結(jié)合時間狀語Since 1953可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),又因主語是專有名詞,單數(shù),助動詞應(yīng)用has。故填has taken。
【20題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:自1953年以來,兒童基金會開展了一項擴大任務(wù),幫助發(fā)展中世界的兒童,包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童,以及那些受快速現(xiàn)代化和環(huán)境問題影響的兒童。根據(jù)句意,“環(huán)境問題”是復(fù)數(shù)概念,用名詞復(fù)數(shù)problems,作賓語。故填problems。
第三部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),32分)
第一節(jié)(共11小題;每小題2分,共22分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
A
AFrom:jovangagic56@memail.com
To:kmallory@LN.org
Subject:Hi!
Dear Mr.Mallory,
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK,but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations.
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh".This is misleading as my accommodation was,in fact,situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs.
In addition,the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park,another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars.Finally,on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh,and had in fact never visited the city before.I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures.In fact,I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street.This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving.Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring),the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory.
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks.
Yours sincerely,
Jovan Gagic
21. Jovan wrote the email to __________.
A. provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
22. According to Jovan,the guide __________.
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D received punishment for bad behavior
23. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr.Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry.
B. To cause him worry.
C. To bring him disappointment.
D. To get him into trouble.
【答案】21 C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇電子郵件。郵件講的是主人公報名了一個英國的暑期假日學(xué)校,但是去了之后發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境很差,與介紹人描述的絲毫不符,為了向其表達不滿,寫了這封郵件。
【21題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。郵件第一句I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.闡述寫信是為了表達自己對Lingua Nova英語暑期學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷深感失望。與C 選項的敘述相符。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。本題定位到文章的第三段Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.(最后,在我們?nèi)ナ兄行牡囊淮温眯兄校覀兊摹皩?dǎo)游”爽快地承認她不是來自愛丁堡,事實上以前從未去過這個城市。)從下文可知,作者在城市里no map and told to “checking things out”可知,導(dǎo)游不合格,與第二個選項描述相符。故選B。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知,作者想向Mallory 要回住宿費用,并且全文都在說作者在英國的情況與之前介紹不符,所以是想讓介紹人感到愧疚。故選A。
【名師點睛】本文小題1、2都屬于細節(jié)理解題。這一題型可以通過正選法與排除法解題。
正選法即根據(jù)所讀材料內(nèi)容從正面選擇最佳答案。如果在有些情況下從正面選擇答案有困難,考生則可以考慮選用排除法,即排除四個選項中的三個錯誤選項,那么剩下的選項即為正確答案。排除法是解答閱讀理解題的常用方法,對于那些不合情理或荒謬的選項、與短文內(nèi)容相反的選項、與短文內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的選項、雖在短文中出現(xiàn)但答非所問的選項,以及不是問題的主要因素的選項等,都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三級思考”的方法排除干擾項:(1) 如果干擾項明顯與文章相矛盾,即為“誤”,可以直接排除。(2) 如果干擾項與文章內(nèi)容不矛盾,但在原文中沒有依據(jù),這種脫離原文的“虛”的選項也可以排除。(3)有些干擾項似乎很有道理,文中也能找到相關(guān)的依據(jù),但它并不能完全滿足題目的要求,未能以文章的主題、作者的思維模式為出發(fā)點,未能充分體現(xiàn)嚴謹性和最大的合理性,這種雖沒錯但不是最佳答案的“偏”選項也可以排除。只要考生經(jīng)過“是否矛盾? (誤否) ——是否有依據(jù)? (虛否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐級思考過程來分析和甄別每一個選項,那么解題的正確率就會得以提高。正確的答案應(yīng)該是與原文意義一致的選項,或是經(jīng)過“三級思考”仍不能排除的選項。
B
Collaboration at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work in a team, to work with a wide variety of people and to build, maintain and expand a network of people were three of the top five skills that managers wanted.
But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish by deviating from the majority view. The same effect may lead to stock-market bubbles.
Modern communication methods mean that collaboration is more frequent. Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail, messaging groups or mobile calls. But does that improve or worsen performance?
A new study by Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer, three American academics, tried to answer this question. They set a logical problem (devising the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities). Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other’s views only intermittently (間歇地).
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the best solution more often than the constant collaborators, but had a poorer average result. The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.
When it comes to idea generation, giving people a bit of space to find a solution seems to be a good idea. Occasional collaboration can be a big help; most people have benefited from a colleague’s wise advice to avoid a particular course of action.
Close teamwork may be vital in the lower reaches of a group, but at the top, someone has to make a decision. At this stage, intense collaboration may be less helpful. Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led. Co-led teams of Himalayan climbers are more likely to suffer deaths than those with single leaders. Experts think that co-leadership “creates uncertainty over who is really in charge”. The battles between Sandy Weill and John Reed when they were co-chief executives of Citigroup in the late 1990s were infamous. Less than 5% of companies in the Fortune 500 have used a co-CEO structure since 1989. In short, collaboration may be a useful tool, but it doesn’t work in every situation.
24. What does the underlined word “deviating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Suffering. B. Differing.
C. Varying. D. Ranging.
25. In the new study conducted by three American academics, ______.
A. constant collaborators had the poorest average solution
B. all subjects had the chances to visit a variety of cities
C. individualists found the right result the most often
D. occasional collaboration promoted performance
26. From the last paragraph we can learn that ______.
A. fashion houses were more likely creative with a single authority
B. Himalayas climbers work together to avoid potential deaths
C. Sandy Weill and John Reed were not so creative leaders
D. successful companies have one Chief Executive Officer
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is collaboration? B. When does collaboration work?
C. Why collaboration is highly valued? D. How to callborate with others in a team?
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了團隊合作并不總是湊效,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其只有在人們偶爾合作情況下才能奏效。
【24題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish”可知,但是,管理者總是必須平衡團隊合作的優(yōu)點,這有助于確保每個人都朝著同一個目標(biāo)努力,同時也有群體思維的危險,因為有些人為了與他人保持一致而沒有指出計劃中的不足之處,當(dāng)人們了解到他人的觀點時,他們就有一種追隨的傾向,此處解釋原因——因為他們不愿意偏離多數(shù)人的觀點(與別人的觀點不同)而顯得愚蠢,由此可知畫線詞詞義為“不同于”,故B項正確。
【25題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.”可知,這三位美國學(xué)者在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)間歇性的合作者和個體主義者一樣經(jīng)常找到正確的結(jié)果,并得到更好的平均解決方案,也就說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)偶爾的合作可以提升績效,故D項正確。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 “Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led.”可知,行業(yè)專家認為,與單人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的品牌相比,擁有聯(lián)合創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)的時裝公司的創(chuàng)意更少,由此可知,單人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(單一權(quán)威)的時裝公司更具創(chuàng)意,故A項正確。
【27題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講的是團隊合作并不總是湊效,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其只有在人們偶爾合作情況下才能奏效,故B項(團隊合作何時湊效?)適合作文章標(biāo)題。故B項正確。
C
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and institutions are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (構(gòu)想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad (狂熱). To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
28. Our vision of the future used to be influenced by ________.
A. our desire for lives of fulfillment B. our faith in science and technology
C. our awareness of potential risks D. our belief in equal opportunity
29. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are ________.
A. a sustained species B. a misplaced race
C. a threat to the environment D. the world’s dominant power
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
B. Technology offers solutions to social problem.
C. The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
D. Our immediate future is hard to imagine.
31. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ________.
A. explore our planet’s abundant resources B. adopt an optimistic view of the world
C. draw on our experience from the past D. control our ambition to reshape history
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述在人類發(fā)展的長河里,沒有什么是一成不變的。要保障人類的未來,借鑒我們過去的經(jīng)驗很重要。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.”(直到幾十年前,我們對未來的憧憬在很大程度上是積極的,但絕不是一成不變的??茖W(xué)技術(shù)將治愈人類的所有弊病,為所有人帶來充實和機會的生活。)可知,我們對未來的憧憬過去常常受到對科學(xué)技術(shù)的信任所影響。故選B。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.””(查找智人在國際自然保護聯(lián)盟(IUCN)的瀕危物種“紅色名錄”中,你會看到:“被列為最不受關(guān)注物種,因為該物種分布非常廣泛,目前正在增加,并且沒有造成總體種群下降的重大威脅?!?可知,從國際自然保護聯(lián)盟(IUCN)的瀕危物種“紅色名錄”可以看出,人類是最不可能滅絕的物種,是持續(xù)生存的物種。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (構(gòu)想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.”(也許是故意的,考慮這么長的時間可能比考慮更近的未來更容易。當(dāng)今技術(shù)的潛在演變及其社會后果是極其復(fù)雜的,也許最好留給科幻作家和未來學(xué)家來探索我們可以設(shè)想的許多可能性。這就是我們推出Arc的一個原因,Arc是一個致力于近期的新出版物。)可知,我們的近期未來是很難想象到的。故選D。
【31題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.”(但從長遠來看,我們可以相當(dāng)肯定地說,有一個驚人的數(shù)字。通常,過去是未來的關(guān)鍵:我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)確定了足夠多的影響地球和我們物種歷史的長期模式,以便對我們后代的處境做出基于證據(jù)的預(yù)測會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己。)可知,要保障人類的未來,借鑒我們過去的經(jīng)驗很重要。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___32___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___33___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___34___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___35___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___36___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. G 36. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何找到一個一起鍛煉的伙伴。
【32題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身雜志》最近刊登了一篇題為《感謝健身伙伴的五個理由》的文章。一個理由是:“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就會去鍛煉?!?”以及后文“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. (有一個鍛煉伙伴,你將會努力訓(xùn)練,因為你們之間有一個微妙的競爭)”可知,空處陳述另一個和別人一起鍛煉的理由,故選項應(yīng)與后文是順承關(guān)系,選項C中的“train with someone else”與后文的“With a workout partner”相對應(yīng),選項C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和別人一起訓(xùn)練,你會更努力)”符合語意。故選C項。
【33題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先,決定你想從那個人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身體健康,能夠移動的力量和靈活性?)”可知,這里是一個問句,反問自己結(jié)伴鍛煉的目的,故空處與后文是選擇關(guān)系,你要知道你鍛煉是為了什么。所以選項D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜歡的運動項目上成為更好的運動員嗎?)”與后文在語意上構(gòu)成選擇關(guān)系。故選D項。
【34題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能會考慮在社交媒體上發(fā)布你想要的東西,但可能不會得到有用的回應(yīng))”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房鍛煉,那個人一定是同一個健身房的)”可知,尋找的鍛煉伙伴要具有便利性的特點。選項B中的“l(fā)ive close by”與后文的“belong to the same gym”相對應(yīng),選項B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (鍛煉伙伴通常需要住在附近)”與下文是順承關(guān)系。故選B項。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭檔把她的要求貼在了當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@的布告欄上。她的注意事項包括她想要做什么樣的鍛煉,每周多少天,每次培訓(xùn)要花多少小時,以及她的年齡。它還列出了她最喜歡的運動和活動,并提供了她的電話號碼)”可知,本段作者以自己的鍛煉伙伴為例,說明尋找鍛煉伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以選項G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何鍛煉伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包括這些信息)”是對上文內(nèi)容的總結(jié),符合語意。故選G項。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侶可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. (久而久之,你們雙方都會受益—你的伴侶會舉起更多的重量,你也會變得更健康。你們關(guān)系的核心是你們永遠在一起互相幫助)”可知,要學(xué)會求同存異,一起合作,共同提高。選項F中的“differences”對應(yīng)前文的“different skills”,選項中的“work with each other”對應(yīng)后文的“be there to help each other”,故選項F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你們的不同,學(xué)會彼此合作)”起到承上啟下的作用,符合語意。故選F項。
【點睛】
第四部分:基礎(chǔ)落實(共兩節(jié),11分)
第一節(jié) 單詞拼寫(請用一、二單元學(xué)過的單詞完成,共5小題;每小題1分,共5分)
37. After g ________from college, he decided to be a volunteer teacher in his hometown. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】graduating##raduating
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,他決定成為家鄉(xiāng)的一名志愿者老師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要表示“畢業(yè)”對應(yīng)的動詞的動名詞形式,做介詞After的賓語。故填graduating。
38. The King’s speech greatly i ________courage among the citizens during World War II. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】inspired##nspired
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞。句意:二戰(zhàn)期間,國王的講話極大地鼓舞了公民的勇氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要表示“激勵,鼓舞”對應(yīng)的動詞,作謂語。這句話描述的是過去的動作,所以用一般過去時。故填inspired。
39. At the Olympic Games, with sweat and tears, these a ________tried their best and proved to be national heroes. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】athletes##thletes
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:在奧運會上,這些運動員用汗水和淚水盡了最大努力,并且證明了他們是民族英雄。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要表示“運動員”對應(yīng)的名詞athlete,前面有these修飾,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填athletes。
40. With the new e ________set up in the gym, the students started their training at once. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】equipment##quipment
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:健身房里的新設(shè)備安裝好之后,學(xué)生們立刻開始了訓(xùn)練。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要表示“設(shè)備”對應(yīng)的名詞,做介詞With的賓語,是不可數(shù)名詞。故填equipment。
41. To everybody’s r ________, the missing boy was finally found and returned home safely. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】relief##elief
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:使大家松了一口氣的是,失蹤的男孩終于找到了,并且安全回家了。根據(jù)句意和首字母提示可知,應(yīng)使用名詞relief構(gòu)成固定短語to one’s relief,意為“使某人寬慰的是”。故填relief。
第二節(jié) 完成句子(請用一、二單元學(xué)過的短語完成,共6小題;每小題1分,共6分)
42. 我有一份前十位要讀的書單并且我努力保持它不斷更新。
I have a top 10 reading list and I try to ________.
【答案】keep it updated
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞和短語。表示“保持”應(yīng)用動詞keep;表示“它”應(yīng)用代詞it;表示“更新”應(yīng)用動詞update;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,動詞update和被修飾的詞it是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式,做補語。故填keep it updated。
43. 我希望你已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校。
I hope you ________the new school.
【答案】have adapted to
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)?!斑m應(yīng)”是賓語從句中謂語動詞,用動詞短語adapt to表示;結(jié)合原句中“已經(jīng)”可推知,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),主語是you,助動詞用have。故填have adapted to。
44. 我希望我會在說英語上建立自信。
I hope I will ________speaking English.
【答案】develop/build confidence in
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞短語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查表示“在...建立自信”對應(yīng)的動詞短語develop/build confidence in,做謂語。本句為一般將來時。故填develop/build confidence in。
45. 比起慢跑我更喜歡打籃球。
I prefer to play basketball ________go jogging.
【答案】rather than
【解析】
【詳解】考查連詞?!氨取矚g……”用動詞短語prefer to do...rather than do...表示;rather than是連詞,意為“而不是”。故填rather than。
46. 很明顯,所有他額外花在獨自練習(xí)上的時間都得到了回報。
Clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone ________.
【答案】paid off
【解析】
【詳解】考查謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查表示“得到了回報”對應(yīng)的動詞短語pay off,做謂語。這句話描述的是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時。故填paid off。
47. Paul為了入選隊伍不得不參加了多次選拔。
Paul had to ________many times for making the team.
【答案】try out
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞短語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查表示“參加選拔”對應(yīng)的動詞短語try out,前面有動詞不定式to,這里用動詞原形。故填try out。
第五部分:書面表達(共兩節(jié),27分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(共3小題,第63、64小題各2分,第65小題3分,共7分)
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。
The Lie We Tell Ourselves About Going to Bed Early
It is nothing new to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30, 000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280, 000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. A lack of sleep, however, lowers happiness by reducing emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset (稀缺心態(tài)).
If all of this seems obvious, why don’t we sleep more? Physical conditions, work, stress, and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep. However, another barrier comes purely from what scholars call “revenge bed time procrastination”, a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority. The writer Sylvia Plath described it nicely: “I wonder why I don’t go to bed and go to sleep. But then it would be tomorrow, so I decide that no matter how tired I am, I can skip one hour more of sleep and live.” Weirdly, we deprive ourselves of sleep to show some sort of independence from—well, ourselves.
Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行為人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.
Personal control over our environment— or even the feeling of control—is deeply connected to our emotional balance. Given that sleep is something we can directly control, we may break common-sense rules about getting to bed, because we are unconsciously seeking a better emotional state—until the morning, when the alarm clock fills us with regret.
48. According to the recent study, what are the benefits of adequate sleep?
________________
49. What is “revenge bed time procrastination”?
________________
50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
________________
【答案】48. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
49. Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
50. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述我們對自己說的關(guān)于早睡的謊言。
【48題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.”(休息好的人更善于社交,與同事和浪漫伴侶有更積極的情感體驗。)可知,有足夠的睡眠的好處是:人們更善于社交,與同事和浪漫伴侶有更積極的情感體驗。故答案為Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
【49題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行為人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(報復(fù)性睡前拖延似乎不合邏輯,因為報復(fù)的實施者和接受者是同一個人。但解釋相當(dāng)簡單:發(fā)生這種情況是因為,一般來說,人們不喜歡別人告訴他們在生活的其他部分該做什么,所以他們會通過展示自己的權(quán)威和熬夜來反擊。)可知,報復(fù)性睡前拖延是指人們通過展示自己的權(quán)威,利用熬夜來做出的反擊。故答案為Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
【50題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行為人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(報復(fù)性睡前拖延似乎不合邏輯,因為報復(fù)的實施者和接受者是同一個人。但解釋相當(dāng)簡單:發(fā)生這種情況是因為,一般來說,人們不喜歡別人告訴他們在生活的其他部分該做什么,所以他們會通過展示自己的權(quán)威和熬夜來反擊。)可知,報復(fù)性睡前拖延是指人們不喜歡別人告訴他們在生活的其他部分該做什么,所以他們會通過展示自己的權(quán)威和熬夜來反擊。故答案為Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
第二節(jié) 寫作(共20分)
51. 假如你是李華,你的美國朋友Jim來信詢問你們班參加剛剛舉辦的學(xué)校運動會的情況。請你用英文寫一封回信,內(nèi)容包括:
1.參加情況(項目,成績等);
2.你的感受。
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you recently? In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week. I’m writing to share with you some detailed information.
Our class took an active part in all the events in the track and field, like 100-meter race, long distance running, long jump and high jump. Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition. What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. Seeing tears and sweat mixing on their faces, I was deeply moved. The sports meet provides us with the chance to strengthen our bodies and boost our sense of unity as well.
What about your sports meet? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。要求考生給美國朋友Jim介紹剛剛參加的學(xué)校運動會的情況。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
最近:recently→lately
舉辦:hold→throw
參加:take part in→join in
例如:like→such as
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句:In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week.
拓展句:In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet that was held last week.
【點睛】【高分句型1】Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition.(由Although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)
【高分句型2】What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. (由What引導(dǎo)的主語從句和in which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)
聽力答案:1-5 ABACA 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 BCABC
16. September 17. ancient 18. free 19. Germany 20. support
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