專題02 動詞之主謂一致(解析版)三年真題2022·全國新高考I卷】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that         (be)previously unprotectedwere【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:該計劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū),將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個管理機(jī)構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句中作謂語,先行詞為a significant number of areas,先行詞在從句中作主語,根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時,根據(jù)主謂一致,從句主語復(fù)數(shù),從句謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。2022·全國新高考I卷】 The GPNP ___   __ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems.is designed【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性,保護(hù)生物多樣性,保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語,和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關(guān)系;敘述客觀事實,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主語單數(shù),謂語單數(shù)形式。故填is designed2022·浙江】But Cobb and others ________ be now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotelyare【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個想法,推動會議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機(jī),他們正在改變他們的個人行為。根據(jù)句意可知,此處也應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,主語為復(fù)數(shù),故填are。2021·全國甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall _____ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)). was built【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知,空格處為謂語,動詞build和主語之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)(be done),根據(jù)句意和時間狀語the Tang dynasty可知,用一般過去時,謂語動詞用過去式,主語it為第三人稱單數(shù),主謂一致,故填was built。2022·新高考II卷】One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.was【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:我給寫信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根據(jù)定語從句的謂語動詞“wrote 可知這里描述發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時;one of + 形容詞最高級 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞用單數(shù),所以填was2021·浙江】In cities, however, the gain ______ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. was【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少謂語,主語(gain)是單數(shù),時態(tài)是一般過去時,故填was。2020·天津】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.Ais Bare Cwas DwereD【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:去年進(jìn)行的一項調(diào)查顯示,該市80%的中年人贊成醫(yī)療改革的建議。通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并翻譯語境可知,主句時態(tài)為一般過去時,根據(jù)時態(tài)一致性可知從句中時態(tài)也為一般過去時,且從句中主語80% of the middle-aged是復(fù)數(shù),按照主謂一致原則,因此使用be動詞were。故選D項。2020·天津】The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.Aare remaining Bhave remainedCis remaining Dhas remainedD【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:20世紀(jì)90年代初,醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量達(dá)到了18所,此后一直保持在這個水平。ever since“從那以后作時間狀語,句子用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。主語為the number of medical schoolsthe number of表示“……的數(shù)目,中心詞是number,所以是單數(shù),作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。綜上,故選D。2020·全國I卷】This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it     1    (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon     2     (construct) means; is constructed【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動,”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說:“因為它意味著我們有機(jī)會獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息?!备鶕?jù)上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是it,所以空處謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means,故填means【解析】 考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句謂語動詞,謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài),再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語the moon是單數(shù),故填is constructed。2020·全國II卷】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers        (carry) special significance. carries【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個表語從句,從句主語為動名詞短語decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carries。考頻統(tǒng)計2020-2022年三年高考真題中,主謂一致的考查頻率統(tǒng)計如下:考點考頻出處主謂一致102022·全國新高考I卷】【2022·新高考II卷】【2022·浙江】2021·全國甲卷】【2021·浙江】【2020·天津】2020·全國I卷】【2020·全國II卷】考點清單主謂一致指主語和謂語在數(shù)上的一致關(guān)系。我們從三個原則來討論:語法一致、意義一致和鄰近一致原則。一、語法一致主語謂語動詞例句and、both...and...連接的并列成分指不同的人或物復(fù)數(shù)Both coffee and beer are sold in the store.指同一個人或物單數(shù)The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students.主語是each, every, either, neither, none或由這些詞修飾單數(shù)Each of the boys has a pencil-box.Every desk and chair is new.主語為many a/more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Many a student hopes to reduce homework.主語由shorts, shoes, trousers等兩部分組成;但有pair等單位,與單位一致復(fù)數(shù)His glasses are on the shelf.There is a pair of shoes under the bed.主語為不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)There is a lot of water in the jar.有單位修飾的不可數(shù)名詞與單位一致Three cups of water are on the table.不定式、動名詞及從句單個的不定式、動名詞或從句單數(shù)To say something is usually easier than to do something.and連接的不定式、動名詞復(fù)數(shù)Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my hobbies.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句根據(jù)主語意義而定What we need are experienced workers.What we need is money.定語從句one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作先行詞時復(fù)數(shù)He is one of the pupils who were praised.the only one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作先行詞時單數(shù)He is the only one of the pupils who was praised.就遠(yuǎn)原則主語后接(together/along) with, as well as, rather than, except, besides, but, like, including與主語一致He as well as his friends likes the film.The girls with their mother have come.主語為a/this/many kind(s) of;或名詞接of this kindof的詞一致This kind of computer sells well.Computers of this kind sell well.主語為a lot of/plenty of/most of/the rest of/half of接名詞of的詞一致Half of the apples are rotten.二、意義一致主語謂語動詞例句主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義,如maths,physics單數(shù)Physics doesnt interest me.集體名詞people,police,cattle復(fù)數(shù)The police have caught the criminal.family, class表整體單數(shù)The class has 45 students.family, class表成員復(fù)數(shù)His family are all fond of football.兩個人/事共用一個-s表示共有單數(shù)Mary and Janes room is clean and tidy.主語為“the+形容詞”表示一類人復(fù)數(shù)The poor are to be helped.a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)A number of workers have recently left the company.the number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)The number of the unemployed is still increasing.表示時間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞表整體單數(shù)Three years is not a long time.三、鄰近一致原則(就近原則)主語謂語動詞例句or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...,not only...but also...等連接主語跟靠近的主語一致Not only we but also the teacher is wrong.There/Here be句型跟靠近的主語一致There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.變式練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練 Around Christmas time there       (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden.Hurry up! We must get there before the sun       (set).Standing among the students       (be) the headmaster together with their English teacher.As is known to us all, English books of this kind        (sell) well in middle schools.I have finished a large part of the book; the rest        (be) more difficult.About two thirds of the population of that country        (live) on farms.Healthy eating along with regular        (be) important for your health. A poet and artist        (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. The number of the students who took part in the military training       (be) 450.All they need    (be) a room where they can live and cook and live a simple but happy life all the year round. 參考答案:1. is   2. sets   3. is    4.sell    5. is6. live   7.is     8. is    9. is     10. is提升練 We each have strong points and each of us, on the other hand,       (have) weak points.The minister stressed that under no circumstances      (be) the disabled to be looked down upon.When it comes to this question, not only you but also she       (turn) out to be wrong.This glass works       (be) set up in the 1960s.Each girl and each boy       (want) to attend that lecture.The famous musician, as well as his students,       (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony last year.--What a terrible collision accident! -- Judging from the scene, personally, it is one or two car drivers, rather than the truck driver, who    (be) to blame. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who      (be) from the countryside in our school.Every possible means            (use) to prevent the air pollution.Standing among the students       (be) the headmaster together with their English teacher.參考答案:1. has   2. were   3. turns    4.was     5. wants6. was   7. are    8. is     9. has been used     10. is 
 

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