(新高考)高考英語三輪沖刺大題優(yōu)練5 七選五 說明文(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

這是一份(新高考)高考英語三輪沖刺大題優(yōu)練5 七選五 說明文(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英語三輪沖刺大題優(yōu)練5七選五說明文原卷版doc、新高考高考英語三輪沖刺大題優(yōu)練5七選五說明文解析版doc等2份試卷配套教學資源，其中試卷共17頁， 歡迎下載使用。
   【例題1】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot.   1  It turns out that it’s just math working against you; chances are that the other line really is faster. Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.   2   Any small interruption — a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:   3   So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line — called a serpentine line — and serve each person at the front with the next available register.   4   This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will make everyone slow down a little bit but speed up checkout overall.   5   It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines?C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.【答案】AGDFB【解析】本文是說明文。文章說明了雜貨店排隊方式以及研究人員提出的蛇形隊伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。1.下文“It turns out that it’s just math working against you; chances are that the other line really is faster.”（原來，這只是你的數學問題；很可能，另一個隊伍真的更快。）解釋了上文“You chose wrong.”的原因，下文與空格處是因果關系，所以本空應該是對前文選錯提出疑惑，故選A項。2.上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.”（雜貨店盡量讓足夠的員工以最快的速度給所有的顧客結賬。）”解釋了雜貨店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption — a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.”（任何一個小小的中斷，比如一次價格核對，一個喋喋不休的顧客，都會影響后面的一系列行為，拖慢結賬速度。）描述了雜貨店的特殊情況，故本空應該填出現(xiàn)特殊情況的原因，故選G項。3.根據上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.”（如果雜貨店中有三列隊伍在排隊，延遲將在不同的隊伍中隨機發(fā)生。），并聯(lián)系下文“So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.”（所以這不僅僅是在你的想象里：另一條隊伍可能移動得更快。）可知本空說的是任何一個隊伍都有可能出現(xiàn)問題。你的隊伍排得最快的幾率只有三分之一。故選D項。4.上文提示：我們得知研究人員有一個很好的方法來處理這個問題。下文提示：大多數銀行和快餐店都是這樣做的。排蜿蜒的隊伍，在一個登記處長時間拖延不會不公平地懲罰后面排隊的人。相反，它會減慢每個人一點點，但加快了整體結帳速度。）說明這個新方案迅速有效，聯(lián)系上下文可知，空格中應該是與舊的結賬方式作比較。故選F項。5.結合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.”（要讓一條隊伍快速結賬，需要很多的收銀機，而有些商店沒有足夠的空間和人力資源。）說明了一個原因，由此可知，空格處是提出了一個問題。通過“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.”可知這里描述的是不鼓勵蛇形隊伍的原因。故選B項。 【例題2】Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.   6   Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”  7   Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.   8  Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.   9   And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.  10   It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer”. On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they are trained to be.【答案】GACBD【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了成為一個優(yōu)秀的演說家必須掌握的原則。6.過渡銜接句。本文結構為總分，第一段總領全文，設空前一句談到有些人生來就有演講的天賦，后一句設問則是：你想成為一個優(yōu)秀的演說家嗎？以下是一些你必須掌握的原則。前后為轉折關系，審視選項，G項（然而，大多數人之所以能成為有效的演講者，是因為他們受過訓練。）符合文意，故選G。7.細節(jié)支撐句。設空前一句：很多時候，當你站起來演講時，你會把注意力放在公眾上，而不是演講上。后文談到專注于演講，直接和你的聽眾交談，做你自己，建立聯(lián)系。審視選項，A項（做相反的事。）符合文意，故選A。8.主旨概括句。設空處位于段末，此段主要告訴人們不要害怕犯錯，聽眾的注意力總是分散的，所以，當你犯錯時不要停止，除非是非常嚴重的錯誤，審視選項，C項（你不需要為一個小失誤道歉。）符合文意，故選C。9.細節(jié)支撐句。設空前一句：你的目標不是成為一個完美的公眾演說家。根據復現(xiàn)詞“speaker”，且根據設空后文（就像生活中的其他事情一樣，這需要練習。）可知，B項（你是想成為一個有效的公眾演說家。）符合文意，故選B。10.主旨概括句。設空處位于段首，結合本段大意可知，聽眾希望演講是言簡意賅的，審視選項，D項（就公開演講而言，通常少即是多。）符合文意，故選D。AA CV is one of the most important parts of your application to an overseas university.   1   Here are some useful tips that could help you make a competitive CV before the interview.Keep it brief. Aim to include as much information as you can when writing your CV, such as your educational experience, extracurricular activities, skills, hobbies and interests. Remember to keep them brief, using key points to highlight your strengths and commitment.   2  Emphasize your educational experience. If you have a high GPA, put it on top. List all academic programs or overseas exchange programs you have participated in.   3   You should also list your academic awards, honors, leadership experience and other achievements.  4   To show your excellence, the following aspects could make you stand out from other applicants. Your experience in extracurricular activities, school clubs and voluntary work could speak for you. List two or three activities that have helped you cultivate leadership and teamwork and show your influence on society.Meet all the formal requirements. You are supposed to create a CV that is properly organized and easy to read.   5   They often provide their specific recommendations, or the template.A. Highlight your personal strength.B. Emphasize your preferences for school clubs.C. It is better to check the websites of your target universities.D. You should also provide abundant useful information in your CV.E. Then write specifically what you have learned through these programs.F. The thumb rule is to keep the length of your CV within one or two pages.G. Impressing the admission officers with a perfect CV is a passport to success. BA popular person is someone who is admired, appreciated, or loved by their peers. Others want to be associated with them, and they have plenty of friends. A popular person usually has a high social status in their peer group.   6  Care about your appearance.Taking pride in your appearance is one of the simplest ways to improve your social prospects and alter the way people think about you. You do not have to wear expensive or fashionable clothes to become popular.   7  Be confident.If you want people to like you for who you are, you have to also like yourself.   8   When people notice the confident way you hold yourself, they’ll realize you are someone worth being around.Join in.  9   Don’t walk the halls with your head lowered or skip lunch because you have no one to sit with; talk to people and get to know them. Show an interest in what’s going on around you. Take part in classes like art and PE as these are often cooperative, team-building environments. Before long you’ll start to pick up on what people are like and begin make friends that share common interests.  10   Spend time hanging out with a lot of different people. People who are truly popular are comfortable being friendly with everyone they meet with. Don’t just be friends with one group or type of person, but make an effort to get to know everyone. You'll begin bridging gaps in separate groups and become known as a person that brings people together.A. Diversify your social circle.B. Be kind to people outside your group.C. These are some factors which can lead to a natural popularity.D. Involve yourself in other students and participate in the same activities.E. You might not notice it but eventually you will get to know the benefits of appearance.F. Instead, aim to look decent at all times, including your hairstyles and personal tidiness.G. Remind yourself of your positive features and try to let those be the ones you display to others. CEvery day, we are faced with challenges and uncertainties. While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.   11   Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.An optimist will be more committed towards his goals. When some people set a goal they don’t account for the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that can’t he removed. This is why the minute something doesn’t go as planned they start to shrink and give up.   12   In fact, an optimistic person will merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities. He understands that failure is just part of the process and welcomes it with open arms.  13   A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 percent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees.   14  Above all, optimism offers a healthier and longer life. A study from the University of Pittsburgh concluded that those who have an optimistic viewpoint have a 30 percent lower risk of heart disease.   15   Additionally, research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that optimists are less likely to experience disabilities as they get older and end up living longer.In life, movement and growth is important and necessary, which optimism helps us achieve.A. They see failure as a new start.B. We can learn to keep optimistic.C. Optimists also spread a good atmosphere.D. They think about possible positive outcomes.E. That’s because they are generally happier and less stressed.F. On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems.G. Similarly, having a positive attitude can inspire everyone around us.    
A【答案】GFEAC【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了可以幫助你在面試前制作一份有競爭力的簡歷的一些有用的建議。1.根據前文“A CV is one of the most important parts of your application to an overseas university.”（簡歷是你申請國外大學最重要的部分之一。）可知G選項（用一份完美的簡歷打動招生辦負責人是一切順利的通行證。）符合題意，故選G項。2.根據前文“Remember to keep them brief.”可知，簡歷要簡短。F選項（最基本的原則是將簡歷的頁數控制在一到兩頁之內。）符合題意，故選F項。3.根據前文“List all academic programs or overseas exchange programs you have participated in.”（列出你參加過的所有學術項目或海外交流項目。）可知，接下來應該寫從中學到了什么。E選項（然后具體說明你從這些項目中學到了什么。）符合題意，故選E項。4.根據下文“To show your excellence, the following aspects could make you stand out from other applicants.”（為了體現(xiàn)你的優(yōu)秀，以下幾點可以讓你從眾多申請者中脫穎而出。）可知，簡歷中也要展現(xiàn)自己的長處。A選項（突出你的個人優(yōu)勢。）符合題意，故選A項。5.根據前文“Meet all the formal requirements.”（滿足所有的官方要求。）以及后文“They often provide their specific recommendations, or the template.”（他們通常會提供他們具體的建議或模板。）可知，要提前查看相應大學的網站。C選項（最好查看你的目標院校的網站。）符合題意，故選C項。B【答案】CFGDA【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了讓自己成為受歡迎的人的一些方法。6.根據前句“A popular person usually has a high social status in their peer group.”及下文內容可知，這里為承上啟下句，為讀者介紹一些讓自己受歡迎的因素。所以選擇項C（這些都是一些能讓你自然而然受歡迎的因素。）符合上下文語境。故選C。7.根據小標題Care about your appearance.和前句“You do not have to wear expensive or fashionable clothes to become popular.”可知外表很重要，但你不一定要穿昂貴或時尚的衣服所以選項F（相反，你要時刻保持得體，包括發(fā)型和個人整潔。）符合上下文語境。故選F。8.上文提示：如果你想讓人們喜歡真實的你，你也必須喜歡你自己。下文提示：當人們注意到你自信的樣子時，他們會意識到你是一個值得與之交往的人。所以選項G（提醒自己努力展現(xiàn)積極的一面。）符合上下文語境。故選G。9.根據小標題Join in.和后文內容可知，要多參加活動。所以選項D（多和其他同學一起參加相同的活動。）符合上下文語境。故選D。10.此處考查本段小標題。下文提示：花時間和很多不同的人在一起。真正受歡迎的人會樂于與他們遇到的每個人都保持友好的關系。不要只和一群人或一類人做朋友，而要努力去了解每一個人。這會讓你彌合不同群體之間的分歧，成為一個能把大家團結在一起的人。可知在本部分，作者建議要與不同的人交朋友，拓展自己的社交圈。所以選擇項A（豐富社交圈。）符合本段小標題。故選A。C【答案】BFCGE【解析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了樂觀是一種樸素而強大的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我們。11.上文提示：雖然這些都是我們無法控制的事情，但我們可以很肯定地控制我們在這種情況下的反應和感受。下文提示：樂觀是一種樸素而強大的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我們。空格處應該引入樂觀這一主題。B項（我們可以學會保持樂觀。）引出樂觀這個主題。故選B。12.上文提示：當一些人設定目標時，他們沒有考慮到他們會遇到的問題。因此他們將其視為無法消除的障礙。這就是為什么一旦事情沒有按計劃進行，他們就會開始退縮和放棄。下文提示：事實上，樂觀的人只會把這些問題看成是新的經歷和新的可能性。因此空格處應該陳述樂觀主義者在遇到問題時該怎么辦。F項（另一方面，樂觀的人更容易接受問題。）陳述了樂觀者面對問題的態(tài)度，承上啟下。故選F。13.下文提示：蓋洛普公司開展的一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國只有35%的經理在專心工作。缺乏奉獻的精神及其對員工的影響每年會使美國損失約770億至960億美元。樂觀的領導者可以激勵員工。在一個公司中，如果領導是個樂觀的人，公司的效益會很好。相反地，如果領導缺乏奉獻精神那么會造成巨大的損失。由此推知，本段主要在講述在公司之中需要良好的氛圍，這樣可以帶動大家。C項（樂觀主義者也有利于傳播一種良好的氛圍。）滿足本段段意。故選C。14.根據空格前一句“Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees.”可知，此處在陳述樂觀的領導者會帶動他的員工。由此推知，下文應該講述樂觀的人也會帶動周圍的人。G項（同樣，積極的態(tài)度可以激勵我們周圍的每一個人。）承接上文。故選G。15.上文提示：匹茲堡大學的一項研究得出結論，那些樂觀的人患心臟病的風險降低了30%。由此推知下文應該分析這一現(xiàn)象產生的原因。E項（這是因為他們通常更快樂，壓力也更小。）陳述了這個原因。故選E。