?喀什第二中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年度上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)
高一英語
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答題前，考生務(wù)必先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置上。
2. 答題時(shí)使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（簽字）筆或碳素筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)在各題的答題區(qū)城（黑色線框）內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效。
4. 保持卡面清潔，不折疊，不破損。
第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Four Interesting Science Museums
Polytechnic Museum, Russia
For many guests of the capital, some of the most vivid childhood memories are associated with this museum. A variety of technical fields are presented in 65 halls-Mining, Space, Energy, and Transportation, etc. And the exposition（博覽會(huì)）is the only museum project in Russia about the history of the bike. The interactive division "Technoplay" is open, where you not only can but also need touch most of the exhibits with your hands. In addition to self-experimentation, for personal requests the museum's experts will show many entertaining experiments.
Eureka, England
The Eureka educational center is a huge complex where modern science and technology are becoming clear, even to kids. The main exhibition is devoted to the human body, the laws of physics and natural things. Visitors can obtain energy or create paper with their own hands. On the area of the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden and a collection of minerals from the rock types of Finland is presented there.
Deutsches Museum, Germany
In this museum you can see more than 100 thousand different items from windmills（風(fēng)車）to medical equipment. All aspects of industrial production appear before the eyes. Several museum rooms are arranged especially for children-there are exhibits that entertain kids starting from three.
NEMO, the Netherlands
The largest Dutch research centre stands ready to share its secrets with everyone. This immersion（沉浸）in the world of science and technology will not be dull. All significant information is presented in the form of exciting games. All exhibits are interactive; visitors are allowed to touch, pull and press on anything. The museum is for children from 6 to 16, as well as for their parents-it will be interesting to all.
1. What can visitors do at Polytechnic Museum?
A. Learn how the bike developed. B. Touch all of the exhibits.
C. Watch entertaining movies. D. Show entertaining experiments.
2. Where should visitors go if they are interested in plants?
A. Polytechnic Museum. B. Eureka.
C. Deutsches Museum. D. NEMO.
3 What makes NEMO unique?
A. It is specially designed for children.
B. It is the largest museum in the world.
C. It shows information of exhibits in games.
D. Some exhibits can be touched or pressed.
B
One summer during high school, my mom volunteered me to help Grandpa research our family tree. Great, I thought, imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. "You'll be surprised," my mom promised, "Family histories can be very interesting."
In truth, Grandpa didn't want to limit my work to just research, hoping to also preserve our family memories. He'd discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents before they crumble from old age. Grandpa wanted me to help him connect the scanner and set up the computer program. Ile could type documents and send emails, but had never used a scanner.
Soon after, I became fascinated with my relatives' lives. I asked Grandpa to tell the story behind every picture and letter we scanned. The stories, which turned out not to be boring at all, helped me not only understand but also relate to my relatives. I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust.
Perusing through their belongings, I felt I was opening a window into the world of my relatives, a world long since gone. Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder. I turned the pages of my great-grandmother's recipe book and could picture her cooking in her kitchen. All of the people who had been merely names to me now had faces to match.
Later, Grandpa admitted, "I probably could have done this project myself. I just wanted someone to share it with." I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren.
4. Which of the following can best describe the author's first impression of research?
A. Delightful. B. Tiresome.
C. Surprising. D. Interesting
5. What does the underlined word "crumble" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Come to life. B. Tear apart.
C. Fall to pieces. D. Break through.
6. Why did Grandpa give the author a chest?
A. To show him a bundle of letters.
B. To keep him away from boredom.
C To give him something to sort out.
D. To fulfill his desire to know more.
7. What can we learn about Grandpa from the passage?
A. He used to serve in the army.
B. He knew nothing about computer.
C. He buried the letters under gunpowder.
D. He loved sharing what he had with others.
C
Imagine that the genome (基因組) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters, with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 500 dictionaries. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This enormous document, however, all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin (針尖).
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻). It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and controlled by a system that translates a small alphabet (字母表) of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only difference is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.
While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters, genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters. And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子). The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.
8. What facts do you know about the genome?
A It has 23 chapters. B. It is extremely long.
C. It is in the cell nucleus. D. It is on the pin head.
9. In what sense is the genome like a book?
A. Both have digital images. B. Both are read from left to right.
C. Both are grouped by subject. D. Both have a translation system.
10. What can we know about genomes from paragraph 3?
A. They are nearly of the same length. B. They are made up of DNA.
C. They can reproduce each other. D. They are written on flat pages.
11. Why did the writer make a comparison of the genome to a book?
A. To focus on the differences. B. To emphasize the similarities.
C. To simplify the concept. D. To give different description.
D
Some termite (白蟻) species have figured out how to enjoy the shelter of the huge complex nests that the insects build without contributing to their construction. They avoid the full anger of their builder hosts by being extremely easy-going.
Animals that live in the nests of another species without affecting them are known as inquilines. Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster. Until now, it has been unclear how the two parties kept peaceful in such tight quarters because termites are typically very aggressive towards outsiders.
Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.
Right from the start, the inquiline’ termites moved around less than their hosts and interacted little with them, even in the much narrower area. “Many times,” says Hugo, “when two unrelated groups are put together in a limited space—such as an experimental area—the outcome is conflict with losses from both sides.” But that didn’t happen here. Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.
“We did not expect that they would never fight back,” says Hugo, noting that the inquilines are capable of protecting their own place with mouths. “By preventing conflict going worse, inquiline termites may considerably improve their chances of living together with their host termites peacefully.”
“Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).”
12. What is the feature of the inquiline termites?
A. They live in another termite species’ nests.
B. They are aggressive towards outsiders.
C. They like to build their own nests.
D. They are communicative tenants.
13. What do you learn about the experiment in paragraph 3?
A. The differences between the two species.
B The findings of the observation.
C. The living habits of termites.
D. The process of the research.
14. What does Hugo think of the inquiline termites’ living strategy?
A. Aggressive. B. Unacceptable. C. Effective. D. Dangerous.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The Characteristics of Termites
B. Passiveness Doesn’t Necessarily Lead to Defeat
C. The Relationship Between Host and Tenant Termites
D. Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’ Anger
第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Swimming can build up your muscles and turn back the aging clock. ___16___ We've got them right here. Dive in.
It's easy on the impact.
___17___ They need to take it easy on their joints. But it may also mean more results. "You can swim at higher intensities on a regular basis without feeling wear and tear on your body, "Walton, owner of an endurance training studio in New York City, says. You could have a superhard workout one day and still be in the pool the next.
It's great for your lungs.
A study in the Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology even found that swimmers had better tidal volume (the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during relaxed breathing) compared to runners. ___18___ And as you'll see next, it also leads to better running performance.
It makes you a better runner.
By increasing your ability to take in and effectively use oxygen, swimming increases your endurance capacity like crazy, Walton says ___19___ It also means you can run faster mile after mile without getting winded.
___20___
Regular swimmers are biologically 20 years younger than their driver's licences say they are, according to are search from Indiana University. Scientists say that, even up until your 70th birthday, swimming affects blood pressure,cholesterol levels and blood chemistry to be much more similar to that of your younger self. Who needs night cream?
A. It turns back the clock.
B. Anyone can do it.
C. Do you need more reasons to suit up?
D. This results in lower resting heart rates and lower blood pressure.
E. Yes, the low impact means swimming is a great workout for injured athletes
F. Swimming is a life skill. It opens the doors to a lot of fun stuff.
G. That's great news if you're hoping to complete your first half-marathon this year.
第二部分 語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1. 5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thank-you note expressing ___21___ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and ___22___ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She ___23___ to be right.
A study showed that it took most volunteers less than 5 minutes to write the thank-you notes. Just 5 minutes to make ___24___ person feel “overjoyed”! ___25___, in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is ___26___ for us — a quick text or an email.
It’s easy to use the ___27___ of being busy, but even very busy and ___28___ businessmen find time to ___29___ thank-you notes. For example, when Doug Conant became CEO of Campbell’s Soup, the company had ___30___ half of its market value and morale(士氣) was at an all-time low. He ___31___fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not ___32___ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every ___33___. He gained their confidence and ___34___, turned the company ___35___.
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30,000 notes to employees. It’s ___36___ not to ask how he did it. ___37___, he had many other things to do ___38___ writing a thank-you note. Conant made time for ___39___ because he knew the impact(影響) each one would have. An expression of ___40___ in this crazy world still makes a difference.
21. A. concern B. sympathy C. affection D. appreciation
22. A. consult B. instruct C. answer D. impress
23. A. remained B. proved C. appeared D. claimed
24. A. one B. any C. each D. another
25. A. Yet B. Therefore C. So D. Otherwise
26. A. special B. necessary C. convenient D. important
27. A. case B. excuse C. example D. situation
28. A. humorous B. optimistic C. successful D. experienced
29. A. pen B. receive C. design D. deliver
30. A. lost B. gained C. developed D. damaged
31. A. gave up B. kept up C. set about D. worried about
32. A. permitted B. taught C. checked D. tested
33 A. market B. businessman C. company D. employee
34. A. personally B. frankly C. naturally D. occasionally
35. A. up B. down C. away D. around
36. A. hard B. great C. amazing D. disappointing
37. A. As usual B. In short C. By the way D. After all
38. A. by B. in C. besides D. without
39. A. me B. it C. him D. them
40. A. kindness B. joy C. value D. confidence
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1 個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake___41___(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other ____42____ the cheeks. This is also common in France, ____43____ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not ___44___universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,___45___(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends_____46_____(hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me ___47___(frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing ___48___(stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be ____49____(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is _____50_____(wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉，修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Last Saturday, I took part in an English speech competition hold by our school. I was really excited about it. When it was my turn, I walked onto the stage. I felt nervously and frightened with such large a crowd looking at me! I was about to give up as I saw my family members seated there. I regained belief in me at once. I was announced as one of the second-prize winner and all my family take great pride in me for my success.
I am glad to have participated in contest. I learnt a lot of from this experience. I improved my English speaking skills. I also learnt what to face people bravely and confidently.
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
52. 假定你是李華，某國外志愿者服務(wù)項(xiàng)目正在招募志愿者到欠發(fā)達(dá)國家宣傳新冠病預(yù)防知識(shí)，你希望成為其中一員。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示信息，給該項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人Mr Wilson寫一封申請(qǐng)信。
1. 介紹個(gè)人情況
2. 表明意愿
3. 期待早日回復(fù)
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 內(nèi)容必須包括以上要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
提示詞匯：欠發(fā)達(dá)的less-developed；新冠病the COVID-19
喀什第二中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年度上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)
高一英語
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答題前，考生務(wù)必先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置上。
2. 答題時(shí)使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（簽字）筆或碳素筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)在各題的答題區(qū)城（黑色線框）內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效。
4. 保持卡面清潔，不折疊，不破損。
第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Four Interesting Science Museums
Polytechnic Museum, Russia
For many guests of the capital, some of the most vivid childhood memories are associated with this museum. A variety of technical fields are presented in 65 halls-Mining, Space, Energy, and Transportation, etc. And the exposition（博覽會(huì)）is the only museum project in Russia about the history of the bike. The interactive division "Technoplay" is open, where you not only can but also need touch most of the exhibits with your hands. In addition to self-experimentation, for personal requests the museum's experts will show many entertaining experiments.
Eureka, England
The Eureka educational center is a huge complex where modern science and technology are becoming clear, even to kids. The main exhibition is devoted to the human body, the laws of physics and natural things. Visitors can obtain energy or create paper with their own hands. On the area of the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden and a collection of minerals from the rock types of Finland is presented there.
Deutsches Museum, Germany
In this museum you can see more than 100 thousand different items from windmills（風(fēng)車）to medical equipment. All aspects of industrial production appear before the eyes. Several museum rooms are arranged especially for children-there are exhibits that entertain kids starting from three.
NEMO, the Netherlands
The largest Dutch research centre stands ready to share its secrets with everyone. This immersion（沉浸）in the world of science and technology will not be dull. All significant information is presented in the form of exciting games. All exhibits are interactive; visitors are allowed to touch, pull and press on anything. The museum is for children from 6 to 16, as well as for their parents-it will be interesting to all.
1. What can visitors do at Polytechnic Museum?
A. Learn how the bike developed. B. Touch all of the exhibits.
C. Watch entertaining movies. D. Show entertaining experiments.
2. Where should visitors go if they are interested in plants?
A. Polytechnic Museum. B. Eureka.
C. Deutsches Museum. D. NEMO.
3. What makes NEMO unique?
A. It is specially designed for children.
B. It is the largest museum in the world.
C. It shows information of exhibits in games.
D. Some exhibits can be touched or pressed.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四家有趣的科學(xué)博物館。
【詳解】1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Polytechnic Museum, Russia部分的“And the exposition is the only museum project in Russia about the history of the bike.”可知，而此次博覽會(huì)是俄羅斯唯一一個(gè)關(guān)于自行車歷史的博物館項(xiàng)目。在Polytechnic Museum這家博物館，游客可以了解自行車的發(fā)展歷史，故選A。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eureka，England部分的“On the area of the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden”可知，尤里卡教育公園有一個(gè)植物園。由此可知，如果游客對(duì)植物感興趣，他們應(yīng)該去Eureka，故選B。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NEMO，the Netherlands部分的“All significant information is presented in the form of exciting games.”可知，所有重要信息都以激動(dòng)人心的游戲形式呈現(xiàn)。所以使NEMO獨(dú)特的是這家博物館給孩子提供寓教于樂的參觀方式，故選C。
B
One summer during high school, my mom volunteered me to help Grandpa research our family tree. Great, I thought, imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. "You'll be surprised," my mom promised, "Family histories can be very interesting."
In truth, Grandpa didn't want to limit my work to just research, hoping to also preserve our family memories. He'd discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents before they crumble from old age. Grandpa wanted me to help him connect the scanner and set up the computer program. Ile could type documents and send emails, but had never used a scanner.
Soon after, I became fascinated with my relatives' lives. I asked Grandpa to tell the story behind every picture and letter we scanned. The stories, which turned out not to be boring at all, helped me not only understand but also relate to my relatives. I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust.
Perusing through their belongings, I felt I was opening a window into the world of my relatives, a world long since gone. Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder. I turned the pages of my great-grandmother's recipe book and could picture her cooking in her kitchen. All of the people who had been merely names to me now had faces to match.
Later, Grandpa admitted, "I probably could have done this project myself. I just wanted someone to share it with." I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren.
4. Which of the following can best describe the author's first impression of research?
A. Delightful. B. Tiresome.
C. Surprising. D. Interesting
5. What does the underlined word "crumble" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Come to life. B. Tear apart.
C. Fall to pieces. D. Break through.
6. Why did Grandpa give the author a chest?
A. To show him a bundle of letters.
B. To keep him away from boredom.
C. To give him something to sort out.
D. To fulfill his desire to know more.
7. What can we learn about Grandpa from the passage?
A. He used to serve in the army.
B. He knew nothing about computer.
C. He buried the letters under gunpowder.
D. He loved sharing what he had with others.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在幫助爺爺研究自家家譜的過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多樂趣。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Great, I thought, imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. (太好了，我想著，想象著我花了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)翻看滿是灰塵、腐爛的盒子，聽著那些我不認(rèn)識(shí)的人的無聊故事)”可知，作者對(duì)調(diào)查的第一印象是無聊。故選B。
【5題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“preserve their contents(保留其內(nèi)容)”可知，如果不使用技術(shù)手段來保留舊照片的內(nèi)容，時(shí)間久了它們就會(huì)變成碎片而消失，所以此處是指在它們變成碎片之前保留舊照片的內(nèi)容。由此推知，劃線詞意為“變成碎片”。故選C。
6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒第二句“I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied.(我變得如此渴望了解更多的信息，以至于爺爺需要額外的道具來滿足我)”可知，爺爺給作者了一個(gè)箱子是為了滿足他想要了解更多的愿望。故選D。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder.(爺爺給我看了一捆他從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)前線寄給奶奶的信，我?guī)缀趼劦搅嘶鹚幍奈兜? ”可知，作者的爺爺曾經(jīng)參加過軍隊(duì)。故選A。
C
Imagine that the genome (基因組) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters, with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 500 dictionaries. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This enormous document, however, all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin (針尖).
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻). It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and controlled by a system that translates a small alphabet (字母表) of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only difference is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.
While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters, genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters. And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子). The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.
8. What facts do you know about the genome?
A. It has 23 chapters. B. It is extremely long.
C. It is in the cell nucleus. D. It is on the pin head.
9. In what sense is the genome like a book?
A. Both have digital images. B. Both are read from left to right.
C. Both are grouped by subject. D. Both have a translation system.
10. What can we know about genomes from paragraph 3?
A. They are nearly of the same length. B. They are made up of DNA.
C. They can reproduce each other. D. They are written on flat pages.
11. Why did the writer make a comparison of the genome to a book?
A. To focus on the differences. B. To emphasize the similarities.
C. To simplify the concept. D. To give different description.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章用比喻的方法講述了深?yuàn)W的基因組的理論。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This enormous document, however, all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin (針尖).”（如果我寫出人類基因組，每毫米一個(gè)字母，我的文本將有多瑙河那么長。然而，這份龐大的文件卻都能裝進(jìn)一個(gè)極小細(xì)胞的極小細(xì)胞核里，而這個(gè)細(xì)胞核很容易就能裝在大頭針頭上。）由此可知，關(guān)于基因組，它在細(xì)胞核中。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and controlled by a system that translates a small alphabet (字母表) of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome.”（一本書是一種單向書寫的數(shù)字信息，由一個(gè)系統(tǒng)控制，該系統(tǒng)根據(jù)字母組合的順序，將一小部分字母翻譯成一個(gè)龐大的意義詞典。基因組也是如此。）由此可知，基因組就像一本書一樣，兩者都有翻譯系統(tǒng)。故選D。
【10題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters, genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters.”（英文書籍用26個(gè)字母寫成不同長度的單詞，而基因組則完全用3個(gè)字母寫成單詞，只用了4個(gè)字母。）由此可知，從第三段我們能了解到基因組幾乎一樣長。故選A。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Imagine that the genome (基因組) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters, with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 500 dictionaries.”（想象基因組是一本書。全書共23章，由不同層次的段落、單詞和字母組成的成千上萬個(gè)故事。這本書里有10億個(gè)單詞，比500本字典還長。）由此可知，作者要把基因組和一本書作比較是為了簡化概念。故選C。
D
Some termite (白蟻) species have figured out how to enjoy the shelter of the huge complex nests that the insects build without contributing to their construction They avoid the full anger of their builder hosts by being extremely easy-going.
Animals that live in the nests of another species without affecting them are known as inquilines. Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster. Until now, it has been unclear how the two parties kept peaceful in such tight quarters because termites are typically very aggressive towards outsiders.
Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.
Right from the start, the inquiline’ termites moved around less than their hosts and interacted little with them, even in the much narrower area. “Many times,” says Hugo, “when two unrelated groups are put together in a limited space—such as an experimental area—the outcome is conflict with losses from both sides.” But that didn’t happen here. Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.
“We did not expect that they would never fight back,” says Hugo, noting that the inquilines are capable of protecting their own place with mouths. “By preventing conflict going worse, inquiline termites may considerably improve their chances of living together with their host termites peacefully.”
“Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).”
12. What is the feature of the inquiline termites?
A. They live in another termite species’ nests.
B. They are aggressive towards outsiders.
C. They like to build their own nests.
D. They are communicative tenants.
13. What do you learn about the experiment in paragraph 3?
A. The differences between the two species.
B. The findings of the observation.
C. The living habits of termites.
D. The process of the research.
14. What does Hugo think of the inquiline termites’ living strategy?
A. Aggressive. B. Unacceptable. C. Effective. D. Dangerous.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The Characteristics of Termites
B. Passiveness Doesn’t Necessarily Lead to Defeat
C. The Relationship Between Host and Tenant Termites
D. Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’ Anger
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了寄居白蟻?zhàn)约翰恢玻羌木釉趧e的白蟻的巢穴中，這些白蟻用示弱來躲避巢穴主人的憤怒。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蟻中，寄居白蟻是獨(dú)特的，它們不能夠自己筑巢。相反，它們生活在另一種白蟻Constrictotermes cyphergaster建造的巢穴里。）可知，寄居白蟻是獨(dú)特的，它們不能夠自己筑巢，而是生活在另一種白蟻建造的巢穴中。由此可知，寄居白蟻的特征是它們生活在另一種白蟻的巢穴里。故選A項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.”（德國康斯坦茨大學(xué)的赫爾德·雨果和他的同事們?cè)诎臀魅嗍占薈onstrictotermes cyphergaster的巢穴，并把它們帶進(jìn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室。然后，他們將主人和房客白蟻放置在開闊或狹窄的區(qū)域，并用視頻追蹤和記錄這兩種白蟻相互反應(yīng)的方式。）可知，本段主要介紹的是研究的過程，首先把收集到的巢穴帶進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，然后將主人和房客白蟻放置在開闊或狹窄的區(qū)域，并用視頻追蹤和記錄這兩種白蟻相互反應(yīng)的方式。由此可知，在第三段中我們了解到了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的過程。故選D項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句“Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.”（盡管受到主人白蟻的攻擊，房客白蟻還是聽話的。主人會(huì)用強(qiáng)烈的化學(xué)物質(zhì)叮咬或攻擊寄生白蟻，但它們的目標(biāo)從來沒有做出同樣的反應(yīng)，而是選擇逃跑。有些完全忽視了主人。）可知，面對(duì)主人的攻擊，寄生白蟻選擇逃跑。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容““Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).””（“被動(dòng)不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗，但可以是一個(gè)非常有用的戰(zhàn)略，節(jié)省能源和資源，”她補(bǔ)充說?！按笞匀晃幢乜偸羌t的牙齒和爪子，侵略也不是比‘懦弱’更成功的策略?！保┛芍?，在雨果看來，寄生白蟻逃跑的被動(dòng)反應(yīng)是一個(gè)非常有用的戰(zhàn)略。由此可知，雨果認(rèn)為寄生白蟻的生存策略是有效的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段關(guān)鍵句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蟻中，寄居白蟻是獨(dú)特的，它們不能夠自己筑巢。相反，它們生活在另一種白蟻Constrictotermes cyphergaster建造的走廊里。）和第四段關(guān)鍵句“Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.”（盡管受到主人白蟻的攻擊，房客白蟻還是聽話的。主人會(huì)用強(qiáng)烈的化學(xué)物質(zhì)叮咬或攻擊寄生白蟻，但它們的目標(biāo)從來沒有做出同樣的反應(yīng)，而是選擇逃跑。有些完全忽視了主人。）可知，文章主要講述了寄居白蟻獨(dú)特的生存方式，他們不能夠自己筑巢，而是生活在另一種白蟻建造的巢穴中，并且利用自己的“懦弱”來避免和巢穴主人發(fā)生沖突，以實(shí)現(xiàn)居住的目的?！癟ermites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’ Anger”意為“白蟻用怯懦來躲避主人的憤怒”，為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Swimming can build up your muscles and turn back the aging clock ___16___ We've got them right here. Dive in.
It's easy on the impact.
___17___ They need to take it easy on their joints. But it may also mean more results. "You can swim at higher intensities on a regular basis without feeling wear and tear on your body, "Walton, owner of an endurance training studio in New York City, says. You could have a superhard workout one day and still be in the pool the next.
It's great for your lungs.
A study in the Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology even found that swimmers had better tidal volume (the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during relaxed breathing) compared to runners. ___18___ And as you'll see next, it also leads to better running performance.
It makes you a better runner.
By increasing your ability to take in and effectively use oxygen, swimming increases your endurance capacity like crazy, Walton says ___19___ It also means you can run faster mile after mile without getting winded.
___20___
Regular swimmers are biologically 20 years younger than their driver's licences say they are, according to are search from Indiana University. Scientists say that, even up until your 70th birthday, swimming affects blood pressure,cholesterol levels and blood chemistry to be much more similar to that of your younger self. Who needs night cream?
A. It turns back the clock.
B. Anyone can do it.
C. Do you need more reasons to suit up?
D. This results in lower resting heart rates and lower blood pressure.
E. Yes, the low impact means swimming is a great workout for injured athletes
F. Swimming is a life skill. It opens the doors to a lot of fun stuff.
G. That's great news if you're hoping to complete your first half-marathon this year.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. D 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了游泳有好處的原因。
【16題詳解】
上一句提到“游泳可以增強(qiáng)你的肌肉，使衰老的時(shí)鐘倒轉(zhuǎn)?！闭f明了游泳的好處，承接上文，C選項(xiàng)“你還需要更多的理由嗎”切題。緊接著下一句“原因就在下面”，引出建議游泳的原因，該選項(xiàng)中的more reasons對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的them。故選C項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
由第一個(gè)標(biāo)題“It's easy on the impact.”它的沖擊力小，E選項(xiàng)“低沖擊意味著游泳是一個(gè)對(duì)于受傷運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說很好的鍛煉”切題，標(biāo)題的impact對(duì)應(yīng)E選項(xiàng)中的impact。下文中的“你可以定期進(jìn)行高強(qiáng)度的游泳，而不會(huì)感到身體的疲勞和撕裂”承接下文，故選E項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
上一句提到“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)游泳者比跑步者有更好的肺活量”，所以這導(dǎo)致了較低的靜息心率和較低的血壓。肺活量和心率血壓都有關(guān)系。D選項(xiàng)承接上文，故選D項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
下一句提到“這也意味著你可以一英里接著一英里跑得更快而不會(huì)喘不過氣來。”，G選項(xiàng)中的half-marathon馬拉松和跑步有關(guān)系，所以G選項(xiàng)承接下文，同時(shí)標(biāo)題也提到了關(guān)鍵詞runner，故選G項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
第五個(gè)標(biāo)題后文章說到 “研究表明，一般游泳者的生理年齡比他們駕照上寫的要小20歲，”，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)光倒流”，游泳能讓人更年輕，故選A項(xiàng)。
第二部分 語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1. 5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thank-you note expressing ___21___ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and ___22___ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She ___23___ to be right.
A study showed that it took most volunteers less than 5 minutes to write the thank-you notes. Just 5 minutes to make ___24___ person feel “overjoyed”! ___25___, in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is ___26___ for us — a quick text or an email.
It’s easy to use the ___27___ of being busy, but even very busy and ___28___ businessmen find time to ___29___ thank-you notes. For example, when Doug Conant became CEO of Campbell’s Soup, the company had ___30___ half of its market value and morale(士氣) was at an all-time low. He ___31___fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not ___32___ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every ___33___. He gained their confidence and ___34___, turned the company ___35___.
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30,000 notes to employees. It’s ___36___ not to ask how he did it. ___37___, he had many other things to do ___38___ writing a thank-you note. Conant made time for ___39___ because he knew the impact(影響) each one would have. An expression of ___40___ in this crazy world still makes a difference.
21. A. concern B. sympathy C. affection D. appreciation
22. A. consult B. instruct C. answer D. impress
23. A. remained B. proved C. appeared D. claimed
24. A. one B. any C. each D. another
25. A. Yet B. Therefore C. So D. Otherwise
26. A. special B. necessary C. convenient D. important
27. A. case B. excuse C. example D. situation
28. A. humorous B. optimistic C. successful D. experienced
29. A. pen B. receive C. design D. deliver
30. A. lost B. gained C. developed D. damaged
31. A. gave up B. kept up C. set about D. worried about
32. A. permitted B. taught C. checked D. tested
33. A. market B. businessman C. company D. employee
34. A. personally B. frankly C. naturally D. occasionally
35. A. up B. down C. away D. around
36. A. hard B. great C. amazing D. disappointing
37. A. As usual B. In short C. By the way D. After all
38. A. by B. in C. besides D. without
39. A. me B. it C. him D. them
40. A. kindness B. joy C. value D. confidence
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，人們總是以太忙為借口而沒有時(shí)間寫感謝信，但成功的人總會(huì)騰出時(shí)間寫感謝信，在擔(dān)任CEO的十年里，Conant給員工共寫了三萬多封感謝信，作者由此告訴我們：在這個(gè)瘋狂的世界里，善意的表達(dá)仍然會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。A. concern關(guān)心；B. sympathy同情；C. affection喜愛；D. appreciation感激、欣賞。根據(jù)本空前的“send a handwritten thank-you note expressing”可知，發(fā)一封手寫的感謝寫信是為了表達(dá)感激之情，故D選項(xiàng)切題。
【22題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. consult商議；B. instruct指導(dǎo)、教授；C. answer回答；D. impress給某人留下深刻印象。根據(jù)本空后的“me in the art and value of saying “thank you”.”可知，媽媽教我說“謝謝”的藝術(shù)和價(jià)值，故B選項(xiàng)切題。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. remained保持；B. proved證明；C. appeared出現(xiàn)；D. claimed聲稱。媽媽教我說“謝謝”的藝術(shù)和價(jià)值，事實(shí)證明她是對(duì)的，故B選項(xiàng)切題。
【24題詳解】
考查代詞詞義辨析。A. one一個(gè)；B. any任何一個(gè)；C. each每一個(gè)；D. another另一個(gè)。根據(jù)本空后的“person feel “overjoyed”!”可知，只需要五分鐘就能讓另一個(gè)人喜出望外，故D選項(xiàng)切題。
【25題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。A. Yet然而、但是；B. Therefore因此；C. So所以；D. Otherwise否則。根據(jù)本空后的“in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind.”可知，然而，在這個(gè)瞬息之間的世界，似乎從沒有過動(dòng)筆寫感謝信的想法，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故A選項(xiàng)切題。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. special特別的；B. necessary必要的；C. convenient方便的；D. important重要的。根據(jù)本空后的“for us — a quick text or an email.”可知，我們總是做對(duì)我們來說方便的事情——發(fā)一個(gè)短信或一封電子郵件，故C選項(xiàng)切題。
【27題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。A. case情況；B. excuse借口；C. example例子；D. situation形勢(shì)。根據(jù)本空后的“of being busy”可知，我們很容易以忙當(dāng)借口，故B選項(xiàng)切題。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. humorous幽默的；B. optimistic樂觀的；C. successful成功的；D. experienced經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的。根據(jù)本空后的“businessmen find time to …thank-you notes. For example, when Doug Conant became CEO of Campbell’s Soup”可知，成功的人總能騰出時(shí)間寫感謝信，故C選項(xiàng)切題。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. pen寫；B. receive收到；C. design設(shè)計(jì)；D. deliver遞送。根據(jù)后面Campbell的CEO的例子可知，成功的商人總能騰出時(shí)間寫感謝信，故A選項(xiàng)切題。
【30題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. lost失去；B. gained獲得；C. developed發(fā)展；D. damaged傷害。根據(jù)本空后的“half of its market value and morale was at an all-time low.”可知，這家公司剛損失一半的市值，士氣處于最低潮，故A選項(xiàng)切題。
【31題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A. gave up放棄；B. kept up保持、繼續(xù)；C. set about著手；D. worried about擔(dān)心。根據(jù)本空后的“fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not … in any MBA class.”可知，他著手用MBA課上不曾教過的簡單的方法來解決此事，故C選項(xiàng)切題。
【32題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. permitted允許；B. taught教；C. checked檢查；D. tested測(cè)試。這些是MBA課上不曾教過的，故B選項(xiàng)切題。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。A. market市場；B. businessman商人；C. company公司；D. employee員工。根據(jù)下文中的“Conant wrote over 30,000 notes to employees”可知，他給每一個(gè)員工寫信，贏得了他們的信心，故D選項(xiàng)切題。
【34題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。A. personally親自地；B. frankly坦白地；C. naturally自然地；D. occasionally偶爾。他贏得了員工的信心，自然地，公司的生意好轉(zhuǎn)了，故C選項(xiàng)切題。
【35題詳解】
考查固定短語。自然地，公司的生意好轉(zhuǎn)了，turn around表示“生意好轉(zhuǎn)”，故D選項(xiàng)切題。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. hard困難的；B. great偉大的；C. amazing不可思議的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根據(jù)本空前的“In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30,000 notes to employees.”可知，在擔(dān)任CEO的十年里，Conant給員工共寫了三萬多封感謝信，很難不去問他是怎么做到的，故A選項(xiàng)切題。
【37題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。A. As usual像往常一樣；B. In short總之；C. By the way順便說； D. After all畢竟。根據(jù)本空后的“he had many other things to do”可知，畢竟，除了寫感謝信，他還有很多事情要做，故D選項(xiàng)切題。
【38題詳解】
考查介詞詞義辨析。A. by憑借；B. in在……內(nèi)；C. besides除了；D. without沒有。除了寫感謝信，Conant還有很多事情要做，故C選項(xiàng)切題。
【39題詳解】
考查代詞詞義辨析。A. me我；B. it它；C. him他；D. them他們。Conant為寫感謝信留出時(shí)間，此處指writing a thank-you note，故B選項(xiàng)切題。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。A. kindness善良、好意；B. joy快樂；C. value價(jià)值；D. confidence自信。根據(jù)本空后的“in this crazy world still makes a difference.”可知，在這個(gè)瘋狂的世界里，善意的表達(dá)仍然會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響，故A選項(xiàng)切題。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1 個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake___41___(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other ____42____ the cheeks. This is also common in France, ____43____ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not ___44___universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,___45___(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends_____46_____(hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me ___47___(frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing ___48___(stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be ____49____(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is _____50_____(wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
【答案】41. is considered
42. on 43. where
44. a 45. leaving
46 to hug 47. frightened
48. strangers
49. enjoyable
50. widely
【解析】
【分析】本文是記敘文。作者通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷和例子講述了不同的國家有非常不同的問候方式。
【41題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句中主語a firm handshake和動(dòng)詞consider是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處作謂語用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示客觀事實(shí)，與上下文一致用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is considered。
【42題詳解】
考查介詞。此處指親吻對(duì)方的臉頰，在臉上用介詞on。故填on。
【43題詳解】
考查定語從句。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是France，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，故填where。
【44題詳解】
考查冠詞。句中rule是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，此處表示一種普遍的規(guī)律，universal開頭是輔音因素，故填a。
【45題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，此處用非謂語。前面句子與動(dòng)詞leave是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故填leaving。
【46題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句中What is common here是主語從句，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的動(dòng)作用不定式作表語。故填to hug。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：擁抱總是讓我很害怕，因?yàn)槲也幌矚g擁抱。修飾人用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，故填frightened。
【48題詳解】
考查名詞。stranger是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填strangers。
【49題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：有一個(gè)被廣泛接受的問候代碼不是很令人愉快嗎?此處表示“令人愉快的”用形容詞作表語，故填enjoyable。
【50題詳解】
考查副詞。修飾形容詞acceptable用副詞，指廣泛接受的，故填widely。
第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉，修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Last Saturday, I took part in an English speech competition hold by our school. I was really excited about it. When it was my turn, I walked onto the stage. I felt nervously and frightened with such large a crowd looking at me! I was about to give up as I saw my family members seated there. I regained belief in me at once. I was announced as one of the second-prize winner and all my family take great pride in me for my success.
I am glad to have participated in contest. I learnt a lot of from this experience. I improved my English speaking skills. I also learnt what to face people bravely and confidently.
【答案】1. hold →held
2. nervously→ nervous
3. such→so
4. as→when
5. me→ myself
6. winner → winners
7. take→ took
8. in后加the
9.去掉lot后的of
10. what→ how
【解析】
【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者參加學(xué)校英語演講比賽的經(jīng)歷和感受。
【詳解】1.考查過去分詞。句意：上周六，我參加了學(xué)校舉辦的英語演講比賽。分析可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，an English speech competition和hold之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過去分詞作后置定語；hold是不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞，過去分詞為held。故將hold改為held。
2.考查形容詞。句意：這么多人看著我，我感到緊張和害怕! 在系動(dòng)詞feel后，應(yīng)該接形容詞作表語。故將nervously改為nervous。
3.考查副詞。句意：這么多人看著我，我感到緊張和害怕! 修飾形容詞large，應(yīng)該用副詞so；此處是“so+形容詞+a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故將such改為so。
4.考查從屬連詞。句意：就在我正要放棄的時(shí)候，我看到我的家人坐在那里。此處是短語be about to do… when“正要做……這時(shí)……”。故將as改為when。
5.考查代詞。句意：我立刻重新有了自信。主語是I，介詞賓語和主語所指相同，應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的反身代詞myself。故將me改為myself。
6.考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：我被宣布是二等獎(jiǎng)獲得者之一?！皁ne of…”表示“……之一”，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 故將winner改為winners。
7.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我所有的家人都為我的成功感到驕傲。全文敘述的是過去發(fā)生事情，用一般過去時(shí)，此句也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)；take是不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞，過去式為took。故將take改為took。
8.考查冠詞。句意：我很高興參加了這次比賽。此處用定冠詞the指上文提到的英語演講比賽。故in后加the。
9.考查固定短語。句意：我從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了很多。 a lot of表示“許多……”后接名詞；此處是修飾句子的謂語動(dòng)詞learned，應(yīng)該用a lot。故去掉lot 后的of。
10.考查疑問詞。句意：我也學(xué)會(huì)了如何勇敢自信地面對(duì)人。此處是“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該用疑問詞how，意思為“如何（面對(duì)人）”。 故將what改為how。
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
52. 假定你是李華，某國外志愿者服務(wù)項(xiàng)目正在招募志愿者到欠發(fā)達(dá)國家宣傳新冠病預(yù)防知識(shí)，你希望成為其中一員。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示信息，給該項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人Mr Wilson寫一封申請(qǐng)信。
1. 介紹個(gè)人情況
2. 表明意愿
3. 期待早日回復(fù)
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 內(nèi)容必須包括以上要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
提示詞匯：欠發(fā)達(dá)的less-developed；新冠病the COVID-19
【答案】Dear Mr. Wilson,
Learning from the Internet that you are looking for some volunteers to go to some less-developed countries to spread the knowledge of how to prevent the COVID-19, I am interested in it. Therefore, I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.
I am Li Hua, a college student from China. I think I am qualified for the job. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, when the COVID-19 hit China, I served as a volunteer in my community, witnessing the effective measures taken by the government. Thus, I have experience. Besides, I major in English, so there is no language barrier for me communicate with foreigners. What’s more, I am easy-going and enthusiastic, which can help me to get along well with different people. I believe I can do it well.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Give me a chance, and I will give you a surprise. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給Mr Wilson寫一封申請(qǐng)信，希望成為新冠病預(yù)防知識(shí)的一名志愿者。
【詳解】第一步：審題
體裁：應(yīng)用文
時(shí)態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時(shí)態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu)：總分總法
要求：
1. 介紹個(gè)人情況；
2. 表明意愿；
3. 期待早日回復(fù)。
第二步:列提綱 （重點(diǎn)詞組）
look for； spread the knowledge of；be interested in；apply to；be qualified for；as follows；serve as；major in；communicate with；get along well with；take… into consideration；look forward to
第三步：連詞成句
1.Learning from the Internet that you are looking for some volunteers to go to some less-developed countries to spread the knowledge of how to prevent the COVID-19, I am interested in it.
2.Therefore, I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.
3. Firstly, when the COVID-19 hit China, I served as a volunteer in my community, witnessing the effective measures taken by the government.
4. Thus, I have experience.
5. Besides, I major in English, so there is no language barrier for me communicate with foreigners. 6. What’s more, I am easy-going and enthusiastic, which can help me to get along well with different people.
7. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
8. Looking forward to your early reply.
根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問題。
第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）
1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：Firstly
2.表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系：What’s more, Besides
3.表因果關(guān)系：Thus, Therefore
連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] Learning from the Internet that you are looking for some volunteers to go to some less-developed countries to spread the knowledge of how to prevent the COVID-19, I am interested in it.(現(xiàn)在分詞knowing作狀語，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
[高分句型2] Firstly, when the COVID-19 hit China, I served as a volunteer in my community, witnessing the effective measures taken by the government. (when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，witnessing現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)
[高分句型3] What’s more, I am easy-going and enthusiastic, which can help me to get along well with different people. (which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)


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