1. 那個(gè)老婦女堅(jiān)持聲稱哪個(gè)年輕人偷了他的錢包，并且他應(yīng)該被送到警察局。
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2. 要是她年輕時(shí)遵循健康的生活方式，現(xiàn)在她就能身體棒棒的。
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3. 孩子們總希望長大，老年人卻希望變得年輕。
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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)
翻譯練習(xí)：
1. 當(dāng)我們一起共事時(shí)，他們也許沒有把我當(dāng)朋友看待。
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2. 你本不該告訴她真相。
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3. 你本可以做得更好，但你沒有盡力而為。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：
從句（條件）
主句（目的）
表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be用were）
主語+wuld(shuld culd might)+動(dòng)詞原型
If I were yu, I wuld seize the chance t g abrad.
表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
If+主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
主語+wuld（shuld culd might）+have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
If yu had taken my advice, yu wuld nt have failed in the exams.
表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
If+主語+shuld（were t）+動(dòng)詞原型/動(dòng)詞的過去式
主語+wuld（culd shuld might）+動(dòng)詞原型
If he did nt cme tmrrw, we wuld put ff the meeting till next Mnday.
混合條件句——主從句時(shí)間不一致的情況下的虛擬語氣
有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。
If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
含蓄條件句
有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語（therwise，r，withut，but fr）上下文或其他方式來表示。
1. Withut yur help, we culdn’t have finished the wrk ahead f time.
= But fr yur help,…= If it had nt been fr yur help,…
2. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wuld have taken part in the sprts meeting.
條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語序的情況
在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，shuld，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。
例： If she were yunger, she wuld d it.
Were she yunger, she wuld d it.
If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
虛擬語氣在as if/as thugh引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。
He lks as if he were an artist.
2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
She speaks English s fluently as if she had studied English in America.
3. 表示與將來事實(shí)相反，從句用wuld/culd/might+動(dòng)詞原形
He learns English s hard as if he wuld g t the
注意：1.在as if/as thugh 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語氣。例：He lks as if he ging t be ill.
2.as thugh或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，從句主語和主句主語相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語和部分謂語。
名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
1.在動(dòng)詞wish/hlp后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
對(duì)將來情況的虛擬：從句謂語“wuld/shuld/culd/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
I wish I culd fly freely in the sky.
2. 在表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
均以“shuld+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語氣，“shuld”常被省略。
常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：
表示“提議，勸告，建議”的：prpse, suggest, recmmend, advise.
表示“要求”的： request, demand, require, (beg ask, desire)
表示“同意，堅(jiān)持”的：insist
表示“決定，命令”的：cmmand, rder
We suggested that Tm (shuld) have a rest.
注意：suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。
3.wuld rather，had rather，后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過去做的事的懊悔”。
1. I wuld rather they didn’t knw the news.
2. I wuld rather yu had gne, t.
3. I wuld rather g ut than d my hmewrk.
主語從句中的虛擬語氣
“It is(was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that+sb./sth. (shuld) d sth.
常用的形容詞：natural, necessary, imprtant, strange, essential, a pity that…
1. I dn’t think it necessary that tm (shuld) be assigned t the jb.
2. It is strange that he (shuld) treat his parents like that.
在“It is (was)+表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that+sb./sth. (shuld) d sth.…..”
It is suggested/prpsed/advised/recmmended/ required/requested + that 從句
1. It is prpsed that the meeting (shuld) be put ff till next week.
表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求，命令等主觀意向的名詞做主語時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣
這類名詞常見的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recmmendatin，suggestin，rder，necessity，prpsal，plan，idea。
1. We all agreed t his advice that we (shuld) g t Dalian fr sightseeing.
2. My idea is that we (shuld) think it ver befre accepting it.
在It is high time + that 定語從句中的虛擬語氣
表示“該做……..的時(shí)候了”
其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過去時(shí)或shuld+動(dòng)詞原型
It’s high time that yu went.
It’s high time that yu shuld g.
If nly 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣
If nly引出感嘆句，意思是“要是…..多好”，表示說話人的一種愿望。
例：If nly he didn’t drive s fast!(現(xiàn)在)
If nly the rain wuld stp.(將來)
Lk at the terrible situatin I am in !if nly I had fllwed yur advice(過去)
may/might (nt) 可能(不);
請(qǐng)求(疑問句)
can 表能力;許可;(有時(shí))會(huì)
culd 表能力;可能
can’t/culdn’t 不可能;沒有能力
ught (nt) t (不)應(yīng)該
shuld 應(yīng)該;按說應(yīng)該(根據(jù)常理推測);竟然;
need (nt) (不) 必要
must 必須;肯定推測;非要
wuld 意愿;過去將來;做某事的傾向
will 意愿 ; 決心
shall 第一人稱 疑問句 請(qǐng)求
第二第三人稱 陳述句 命令;警告;規(guī)定;許諾
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have dne
用法
例句
must have dne
表示主觀上對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”
She must have gne thrugh a lt.
He must have visited the White Huse during his stay in the United States.
may/might have dne
表示對(duì)過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。
Yu may have learnt the news.
He may nt have heard his name called.
Srry I’m late. I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.
can…h(huán)ave dne
cannt have dne
表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。（can換成culd時(shí)語氣委婉）
Where can she have gne?
Culd he have dne such a flish thing?
The by can’t have finished reading the bk s sn because it is difficult even t an adult.
culd have dne
可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)……”之意，此外，還可以表示過去能做而沒做的事，有一種對(duì)過去為付諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜。
He culd have killed himself driving at a dangerus speed.
Yu culd have been mre cnsiderate.
Yu culd have dne better, but yu were t careless.
might have dne
表示“本來可能……，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情”。另外，還可以表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。
Yu shuld nt swim in that sea. Yu might have been eaten by a shark.
He might have given him mre help, thught he was busy.
shuld/ught t have dne
用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。
He shuld have knwn that the plice wuld never allw this srt f thing.
Yu shuldn’t have dne it s carelessly.
Yu ught t have returned the bk earlier.
Yu ught nt t have refused his ffer.
needn’t have dne
表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need t d表示“沒必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做某事”
Yu needn’t have watered the plants, fr it is ging t rain.
I didn’t need t buy the dictinary. I had a cpy at hme.
had better have dne
用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”，其否定式had better nt have dne表示相反的含義。
Yu had better have started earlier.
Yu had better nt have sclded her.
wuld rather have dne
表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”，其否定式wuld rather nt have dne表示相反的含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。
1．I wuld rather have taken his advice.
2．I wuld rather nt have tld him the truth.
經(jīng)典練習(xí)：
1. When I was yung, my family _______ (put n) ur best clthes and g t church n Sunday.
2. - They are said t have been familiar with each ther.
- But they _______ (nt be). They were intrduced nly hurs ag.
3. Being cnstantly expsed t advertisement is annying, but it _____ (be) pleasant.
4 – Cngratulatins! I hear yu’ve wn the first prize in the singing cmpetitin.
-- Yu ______ (mistake). I’m in the dance class.
5. Yu __________(wrk) that late last night. It was harmful t yur health.
6. The meeting has been n fr ten minutes. Why ______ yu be s late tday?
7. Yu _________ (cme) t the cnference yesterday. What was the reasn fr yur absence.
8. --- Why were yu absent frm the lecture yesterday?
--- If yu _______ (knw), I visited a relative f mine in hspital.
9. It has been annunced that candidates ________ (remain) in their seats until all the papers have been cllected.
10. I have lst ne f my glves. I ________ (drp) it smewhere.
11. -- I stayed at a htel while in New Yrk .
-- Oh, did yu? Yu __________ (stay) with Barbara.
12. It’s t late. I think he ___________ (g) t bed
1. wuld put n 2. culdn’t have been 3.can 4 must be mistaken
5. needn’t have wrked 6. shuld 7. shuld have cme 8. must knw
9. shall remain 10. must have drpped 11. culd have stayed 12. culd/might have gne

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