understand the frm and use f relative clauses
find ut relative clauses in cntext and understand them
use relative clauses t express yurself prperly
Learning bjectives
By the end f the class, yu are expected t
Understand the frm and use f relative clauses
What were Tm’s thughts after he painted ne bard?
Tm began t think f the games that he wanted t play.
He knew the bys wh were free wuld sn cme alng and make fun f him.
that he wanted t play
wh were free
We use relative clauses t give mre infrmatin abut peple and things.
Relative Clause定語從句
Find ut relative clauses
We use relative clauses t give infrmatin abut peple and things.
They held their candles high and saw names and dates which were written n the walls by ther peple.
which were written n the walls by ther peple
names and dates
antecedent （先行詞）
Grammar exercises
A Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Then draw an arrw t shw the persn r thing that the relative clause describes. (page 104)
antecedent（先行詞）
Relative clauses abut peple start with ________ r ________. Thse abut things start with ________ r ________.
Wrk ut the rule (page 103)
Relative Prnun
B Here are sme mre pictures abut the stry n page 99. Describe the pictures by adding wh, which r that. (page 104)
Use relative clauses t express yurself
The bk which he likes mst is The Adventures f Tm Sawyer.
The bk is The Adventures f Tm Sawyer.( He likes the bk mst.)
A sentence with a relative clause is frmed by jining 2 sentences.
Harry Ptter is a student. ( The student cmes frm Sctland.)
Harry Ptter is a student wh cmes frm Sctland.
I’ve just met Rn. (Rn seems t be a nice guy.)
I’ve just met Rn wh/that seems t be a nice guy.
I’d lve t visit the magic schl. ( The schl is an amazing place.)
I’d lve t visit the magic schl which/that is an amazing place.
Jin the sentences by using relative clauses, as in the example.
Harry didn’t get alng well with his aunt. His aunt frced him t live in a tiny rm.
One day, Harry received a letter. The letter tld him the truth abut himself.
Harry Ptter was famus because he was the nly persn. The persn survived in the killing.
I’m the nly persn. The persn can d it well.
Harry didn’t get alng well with his aunt wh/that frced him t live in a tiny rm.
One day, Harry received a letter which/ that tld him the truth abut himself.
Harry Ptter was famus because he was the nly persn that survived in the killing.
I’m the nly persn that can d it well.
Use relative clauses t cmplete the sentences. Yu can talk abut yur favrite bks and characters.
I like the yung girl wh/that _______.
I like the teacher wh/that _______.
I like the friendship which/that _______.
I like … wh/which/that _______.
I like the stries which/that _______.
I like the writing style which/that _______.
Yu can start like this. I’m ging t talk abut my favrite bk (Harry Ptter). In the bk, …
be s smart/brave/talented that…prtect… frm…care abut thers’ feelingsbe strict …be faithful t the wnersfree my imaginatinbe simple and easy t fllw
Write an article abut yur favrite bk and favrite characters. Try t use as many relative clauses as pssible.
Thank yu.
深圳市羅湖外語初中學校張佼
Relative Clauses are frmed by jining 2 sentences:
“Harry Ptter is a student.” + “He cmes frm Edinburgh.”“Harry Ptter is a student wh cmes frm Edinburgh.” “ I’ve just met Rn.” + “ Rn seems t be a nice guy.”“I’ve just met Jn wh seems t be a nice guy.“ The bks are n the table.” + “ They are mine.”“ The bks which are n the table are mine.“ I’d lve t visit the magical schl.” + “ It is an amazing place.”“ I’d lve t visit the magical schl which is a beautiful place.”
When we jin 2 sentences with a Relative Prnun r Adverb, we have t mit the nun/ prnun/ pssessive that the Relative replaces.( In the previus sentences: He/ Jn/ They/ It)Relative Clauses g RIGHT AFTER the Nun they mdify
Defining Relative ClausesThey define, give us essential infrmatin abut a general term, r expressin. Defining Relative Clauses are nt put in cmmas.I talked t the man wh gave yu the newsI read the letter which came this mrning.(Which man? The ne wh gave yu the news.?(Which letter? The ne that arrived this mrning.)
Remember:Use wh t refer t peple and which t refer t animals, things“That” can replace wh and which in Defining Relative Clauses:Did yu knw the girl wh/ that came t the party yesterday?The bk which/ that I’m reading is very interesting.
Omissin f wh, which and that:Wh, which and that can be the subject f the Relative Clauses:-I’ve talked t the man wh sld me his car. (Wh replaces The man and is the subject f the clause “ sld me his car”)-The dg which barks every night is my neighbur’s. ( Which is the subject f the clause “barks every night”.)
They can als be the bject r g after a prepsitin:I lved the film (which/ that) we saw last night.The man (wh/ that/ whm) yu mentined is a writer.When the relative is the bject, it can be (and it is usually) mitted in Defining Relative Clauses.
Other RelativesWhen（that） shws time:I will never frget the day+ I met my best friend that day.I’ll never frget the day when I met my best friend.Where refers t places:This is the htel + Wea are staying at the htel next weekend:This is the htel where we are staying next weekend.The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city.The city where my sister is living is interesting.Whse shws pssessin and it replaces a pssessive adjective r an ‘s pssessive:The man was crying + His huse was n fire:The man whse huse was n fire was crying.Have yu met the peple? + Their sn is mving t WashingtnHave yu met the peple whse sn is mving t Washingtn?Whm is used instead f wh in Frmal Speech when it is the bject f the Relative Clause r after a prepsitin:I culdn’t talk t a friend + I called him last night:I culdn’t talk t a friend whm I called last night.I dn’t knw the student + The teacher was shuting at the student:I dn’t knw the student at whm the teacher was shuting.
Nn-Defining Relative ClausesThey give us mre (extra) infrmatin abut a persn, animal, thing, … already identified ( by a name, a pssessive, …). They g between cmmas.Yur brther, wh gave me the news, saw the accident himself.I read Martin’s letter, which was full f gssip.
In Nn-Defining Relative Clauses we can’t use that and we can’t mit the Relatives:I liked Ty Stry, which I’ve seen recently. ( nt “that”, n missin.Shakespeare, whm yu just mentined, is the mst famus British playwright. (nt “that”, n missin)I’ve fund my keys, which I had been lking fr. (nt that, n Omissin)
Read the intrductin and the examples. Then cmplete “Wrk ut the rule”.
Wrk ut the rule
I talked t the man wh tld yu the truth.I read the letter which came this mrning.
A Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Then draw an arrw t shw the persn r thing that the relative clause describes.
B Here are sme mre pictures abut the stry n page 99. Describe the pictures by adding wh, which r that.
C Here is anther stry frm The Adventures f Tm Sawyer. In pairs, read the stry carefully and talk abut the pictures belw. Use the wrds frm the bx t help yu.
S1: Wh’s this?S2: It’s Tm Sawyer. He’s the by wh/that was in the graveyard with Huck Finn.
Huck Finn
S1: Wh’s this?S2: It’s Huck Finn. He’s the by wh/that is Tm’s best friend.
knife
S1: What’s this?S2: It’s a knife. It’s the knife (which/that) Injun Je put in Muff’s hand.
Dr Rbinsn
S1: Wh’s this?S2: It’s Dr Rbinsn. He’s the man wh/that was killed.
Muff Ptter
Injun Je
S1: Wh’s this?S2: It’s Muff Ptter. He’s the man wh/that was kncked ut by the dctr.
S1: Wh’s this?S2: It’s Injun Je. He’s the man wh/that killed the dctr.
Use relative clauses t cmplete the sentences.
I like the singers wh/that _______.
I like the teachers wh/that _______.
I like the friends wh/that _______.
I like the mbile phnes which/that _______.
I like the films which/that _______.
Try t guess the answers accrding t the descriptins given.
S1:He is a by that/wh always cmes t schl first.
S2: Tm.
S3: It is a bird that/which lives n water.
S4: A duck.

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