?金陵中學(xué)、海安中學(xué)、南京外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2022屆三校聯(lián)考
高三英語(yǔ)模擬卷
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分)
第一節(jié)(共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 7.5 分)
聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有 10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What club will Jane probably join?
A. The Art Club. B. The Music Club. C. The Drama Club.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: So, Jane, what school club do you want to join? I’m in the Drama Club and it’s great!
W: I’d like to join the Music Club but it’s full up.
M: I hear that there are some places left in the Art Club. What about that?
W: Oh, that sounds nice.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What do we know about the boy?
A. He never prefers eating at table.
B. He doesn’t like his mom’s cooking.
C. He had some cookies before dinner.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: You have to finish your dinner before you leave the table.
M: But, Mom, I can’t eat anymore. I’m full.
W: What’s the matter? It doesn’t taste good?
M: It’s not that I don’t like your cooking, but I ate some cookies before we have dinner.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Leave the place quickly.
B. Accept things as they are.
C. Change the environment.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ll do anything as long as it means getting out of here.
W: Well, I don’t think changing your environment will make things better. You should learn to be content with the place where you are first.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
Why didn’t Tom go to the department stores yesterday?
A. He went to the park.
B. His brother got sick.
C. He had a date with a friend.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, Tom! Do you want to go to the park for a walk?
M: Sorry, I can’t. I’ve got to go to some department stores with my family.
W: I thought you did that yesterday!
M: We were going to, but my little brother got sick.
W: Well, I guess I’ll have to ask someone else, then.
M: Sorry. Maybe we can go another time.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What is the woman’s brother wearing?
A. A golden tie and a black vest.
B. A golden tie and a back apron.
C. An orange shirt and a black apron.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Is your brother working in this restaurant?
W: Yes, he is. I can’t see him, though.
M: Is that him over there wearing a golden tie and a black vest?
W: No, my brother is taller and heavier than him.
M: Is that him over there? He is in an orange shirt and a black apron.
W: Yes, that’s him. He’ll be surprised to see me here.
第二節(jié) (共 15 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 22.5 分)
聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題 5 秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出 5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6. Why does the man want to change his job?
A. The environment isn’t agreeable.
B. His coworkers aren’t kind to him.
C. He is not satisfied with his salary.
7. What will the woman do for the man?
A. Find him a new job. B. Lend him some money. C. Help him apply for a loan.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, how is everything with you?
M: Good! Thanks, how about you?
W: Good! Where are you working now?
M: At a shoe factory. But I’m trying to find another job.
W: Really? Why?
M: You know? I’ve been working there for more than 16 years, but I can’t even buy a house.
W: But do you like the job or the people?
M: Yes, of course. The place is nice and the people are nice too.
W: Well, if you like the job and the workplace, I suggest that you apply for a house loan.
M: But applying for a loan is tiring and complicated, isn’t it?
W: Absolutely not. Let me help you.
M: Oh, you are so considerate! Thanks a lot!
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8. What’s wrong with Sam?
A. He hurt his ankle. B. He broke his leg. C. He missed a match.
9. What will Sam do next?
A. Go to hospital. B. Win the title back. C. Talk about the accident.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, Sam, what happened to you? Don’t tell me you broke your leg!
M: No, it’s not that terrible. I just twisted my ankle. Still, it hurts a lot.
W: So when did it happen?
M: It was during the night of the basketball championship. And the worst thing is that we lost the game and all hopes of winning our title back.
W: What a pity! Sit down here for a minute and tell me all about it.
M: Well, it all happened last Thursday...
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

10. What time is it now?
A. Seven thirty. B. Seven forty. C. Seven fifty.
11. What did Sylvia do that morning?
A. She took a quick shower.
B. She turned off the alarm.
C. She slept through the alarm.
12. Which of the following shows Sylvia’s absent-mindedness?
A. She was late for school.
B. She bought a clock telling dates.
C. She hurried to school on the weekend.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What time is it, Sylvia?
W: It’s seven fifty.
M: Huh, my watch loses ten minutes. Maybe it’s the battery.
W: Oh, that reminds me. I should let you know how absent-minded I was.
M: What was that?
W: Well, a few mornings ago, when I woke up, it was already seven thirty. I thought I had slept through the alarm.
M: Seven thirty! That didn’t give you much time, did it?
W: No it didn’t. I took a quick shower, put on my clothes, and ran all the way here.
M: Did you make it in time?
W: Yeah, I think I got here right at eight. But there was one problem.
M: What was that?
W: There were no students; I was the only one here!
M: Oh, no! Let me guess. It was Saturday!
W: That’s right. I need a clock that tells me what day it is.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

13. Where are the speakers now?
A. In the US. B. In Spain. C. In Mexico.
14. How is the woman feeling?
A. Nervous. B. Homesick. C. Disappointed.
15. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Husband and wife. C. Brother and sister.
16. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Talk to local people.
B. Watch a Mexican film.
C. Have some Spanish food.
【答案】13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B
【解析】
【原文】M: How are you going in the Big Apple?
W: Not good. I’ve been depressed lately.
M: I’m sorry to hear that. Are things getting you down?
W: I don’t know what it is. I feel like I am out of my element. Sometimes I get dizzy and feel like the room is spinning.
M: You’re probably experiencing culture shock. Don’t worry. Things will get better in time.
W: I do miss my family, home-cooked meals, the farm animals, and the peaceful starry nights.
M: Want to rent a Mexican movie in Spanish? That might cheer you up.
W: That’s a good idea. My heart is thirsty for home, so that just might work.
M: How about going to Taco Bell for some authentic Mexican food? Ha! Ha! Just joking.
W: Funny, funny. You’re a good guy. Thanks for being my friend.
M: No problem. If you ever need someone to talk to, I’m always available.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17. Why do some travelers hesitate about travelling in Japan?
A. Japan is crowded.
B. The sightseeing is tiring.
C. Travel expenses are high.
18. How long does the Obon Festival season last?
A. Two days. B. Three days. C. Seven days.
19. What is recommended if you want to do lots of sightseeing?
A. Buying a bus pass.
B. Asking for a discount.
C. Experiencing major holidays.
20. Who can get a discount in the attractions?
A. A man over 65. B. A child over 12. C. A 60-year-old woman.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Japan is one of the world’s best travel destinations. Unfortunately, most budget travelers don’t visit Japan because they figure it’s too expensive. What they, and perhaps you, don’t know is that a vacation in Japan can be quite affordable. Here are some tips to help you save money. First, you should avoid peak travel time. There are three major holiday periods in Japan: the New Year holidays, the Golden Week holiday season—April 29 to May 5 and the Obon Festival season—three days centered on August 15. Second, consider buying a bus pass if you plan on doing a lot of sightseeing. This will save your money since bus passes typically offer deals when you purchase them. Third, while Japan has plenty of enjoyable sightseeing attractions that are free, most museums and temples charge for admission at least a few hundred yen. Many attractions offer children and seniors discounts. Child rates typically apply to those under 12 and senior discounts apply to those of 65 and over. The most important thing to remember is that you are wise with your choices and you avoid unnecessary things that you do not need. Then you will be able to enjoy Japan without spending all of your savings.
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分 50 分)
第一節(jié)（共 15 小題;每小題 2.5 分，滿分 37.5 分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Just like people, dogs tend to have distinct and unique personalities. Some of a dog’s personality traits (特點(diǎn)) are completely individual, but many traits are predictable based on the breed (品種). Knowing the common traits of certain dog breeds enables you to choose a dog whose personality matches well with your lifestyle.

Siberian Husky
You may already know that Siberian Huskies have a historical role as sled dogs. This breeding makes them get along well with other animals and are great for families. Their breeding also gives them incredible tolerance, so you will have to ensure that they have enough space to run safely. Unlike some of the other working dogs, Siberian Huskies tend to be too friendly to be very good guard dogs.

Bulldog
The distinctive Bulldog is friendly and loyal. Bulldogs tend to be calm by nature, but they still enjoy getting out for walks. Moderate exercise is important for weight-management given their small but solid stature and the fact that their calm nature can make them come off as lazy. Bulldogs are great companions and are courageous and steady.

Cocker Spaniel
The Cocker Spaniel’s distinctive long ears and curly hair are a major outward sign of their sweet, friendly personalities. As sporting dogs, they were bred to help hunters find game and are, therefore, highly trainable. Cocker Spaniels love to exercise and play and are great with kids. If they don’t get enough energy out, though, they can become frustrated and destructive.

Dachshund
The Dachshund’s small physical size is no match for their big personality. Their short legs do not make Dachshunds great running or hiking buddies, but that does not mean they are low-energy. They are a unique mix of a great guard dog—brave, loyal, and a bit stubborn—while being friendly enough to win over just about anyone.

21. Which of the following might be fit for an unenergetic person who lives in a studio flat?
A. A Siberian Husky. B. A Bulldog.
C. A Cocker Spaniel. D. A Dachshund.
22. What message does the text convey?
A. Every dog has its day.
B. Teach an old dog new tricks.
C. If you want a friend, get a dog.
D. A good dog deserves a good bone.
23. Where is the text most probably found?
A. A pet clinic brochure. B. A personality test book.
C. A biological research. D. A dog breeding website.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了四種不同品種的狗，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)和人一樣，狗也有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。狗的一些性格特征是完全獨(dú)立的，但許多特征是可以根據(jù)品種預(yù)測(cè)的。了解某些犬種的共同特征可以讓你選擇與你的生活方式相匹配的狗。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bulldog中“Bulldogs tend to be calm by nature, but they still enjoy getting out for walks. Moderate exercise is important for weight-management given their small but solid stature and the fact that their calm nature can make them come off as lazy.”(牛頭犬天性平靜，但它們?nèi)匀幌矚g出去散步。適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)控制體重很重要，因?yàn)樗麄兩聿陌〉Y(jié)實(shí)，而且他們冷靜的天性會(huì)讓他們看起來(lái)很懶。)可知，牛頭犬可能適合和一個(gè)無(wú)精打采的人住在一個(gè)單間公寓。故選B項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一度“Just like people, dogs tend to have distinct and unique personalities. Some of a dog’s personality traits are completely individual, but many traits are predictable based on the breed . Knowing the common traits of certain dog breeds enables you to choose a dog whose personality matches well with your lifestyle.”(和人一樣，狗也有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。狗的一些性格特征是完全獨(dú)立的，但許多特征是可以根據(jù)品種預(yù)測(cè)的。了解某些犬種的共同特征可以讓你選擇與你的生活方式相匹配的狗。)故可推知，這段文字傳達(dá)了如果你想要一個(gè)朋友，可以養(yǎng)條狗的信息。故選C項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了四種不同品種狗，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)和人一樣，狗也有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。狗的一些性格特征是完全獨(dú)立的，但許多特征是可以根據(jù)品種預(yù)測(cè)的。了解某些犬種的共同特征可以讓你選擇與你的生活方式相匹配的狗。由此可推知，文章最有可能在一個(gè)養(yǎng)狗網(wǎng)站找到。故選D項(xiàng)。
B
In 1990, during a performance of my stage play, I became preoccupied with one particular member of the audience. While everybody else laughed, there she sat, staring at the floor, with her fingers in her ears. I’ll never forget her look of complete discomfort.
That woman was my mother. Despite the fact I’d established myself as a humorist, my mother never found me or my work particularly funny. She was my hardest critic. “Is Drew really that funny?” she’d ask family members.
To make matters worse, the feeling was mutual (相互的): though our social circle swore that she was humorous, I never saw it. My mother was supposedly very funny in her first language, Anishinaabemowin—an Indigenous (原住民的) language, but alas, I didn’t speak it. At family gatherings, when somebody would say something “funny” in Anishinaabemowin, she’d explain it to me. Sometimes the humour translated. Sometimes it didn’t.
For a while I was convinced I would never make her laugh. Then, in 2005, I succeeded. I had published a book called Me Funny. In it were dozens of essays deconstructing Indigenous humour, along with 50 so-called “Indian jokes” to break up the various chapters. (For instance, “Why do Native people hate snow? Because it’s white and all over our land.”) She laughed hard and declared, “Wow, that was funny!”
In 2009, my mother passed away at the age of 77. During the funeral, in the tears, family member after family member got up and recounted things she had done and said over the years. To my surprise, I found myself laughing. Suddenly I remembered a moment from the early ‘90s, when my mother asked me, completely serious, what “owie” meant in French. I struggled to come up with an answer until I spelled it out in my mind: oui (“yes” in English).
More and more stories about her surfaced. We laughed as we remembered her. I couldn’t see my mother’s forest for my own trees. I wish I could have shared those laughs with her while she was alive, but I’m glad I finally made the connection.
24. What prevented the author and his mother from understanding each other’s humour?
A. Language barriers.
B. The author’s unique job.
C. Mom’s critical personality.
D. Views of Indigenous people.
25. Why did the author laugh at mother’s funeral?
A. He tried to fit in his Indigenous family.
B. He recalled amusing moments about mom.
C. He wanted to hide his sadness over mother’s death.
D. He intended his laugh to make mother rest in peace.
26. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. The author learned from mother a very important life lesson.
B. The author failed to relate to his mother from her perspective.
C. The author finally understood mother’s sense of humour better.
D. The author didn’t write enough humorous books to make mother laugh.
27. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Am I funny? B. Why isn’t Mom laughing?
C. What’s so funny? D. Does laughter have an accent?
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和母親一直對(duì)于對(duì)方的幽默不能理解，直到母親逝世后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)是由于自己沒(méi)有從母親的角度去理解她。最后，作者希望能在母親活著的時(shí)候和她分享那些笑聲，但是作者最終理解了母親的那些笑話，終于和母親建立了聯(lián)系。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“To make matters worse, the feeling was mutual : though our social circle swore that she was humorous, I never saw it. My mother was supposedly very funny in her first language, Anishinaabemowin—an Indigenous language, but alas, I didn’t speak it. At family gatherings, when somebody would say something “funny” in Anishinaabemowin, she’d explain it to me. Sometimes the humour translated. Sometimes it didn’t.”(更糟糕的是，這種感覺(jué)是相互的：雖然我們的社交圈都說(shuō)她很幽默，但我從來(lái)沒(méi)有看到過(guò)。我的母親在她的第一語(yǔ)言anishinaabemowin(一種土著語(yǔ)言)中被認(rèn)為非常有趣，但是，唉，我不會(huì)說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言。在家庭聚會(huì)上，當(dāng)有人用Anishinaabemowin說(shuō)一些“有趣”的事情時(shí)，她會(huì)向我解釋。有時(shí)幽默被翻譯出來(lái)了。有時(shí)候沒(méi)有。)可知，是語(yǔ)言障礙阻礙了作者和他的母親相互理解對(duì)方的幽默。故選A項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五、六段中“During the funeral, in the tears, family member after family member got up and recounted things she had done and said over the years. To my surprise, I found myself laughing. Suddenly I remembered a moment from the early ‘90s, when my mother asked me, completely serious, what “owie” meant in French. I struggled to come up with an answer until I spelled it out in my mind: oui (“yes” in English)...More and more stories about her surfaced. We laughed as we remembered her.”(在葬禮上，一個(gè)又一個(gè)的家人哭著站起來(lái)，講述她多年來(lái)做過(guò)的事情和說(shuō)過(guò)的話。令我驚訝的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己笑了。突然，我想起了90年代初的一個(gè)時(shí)刻，我母親非常嚴(yán)肅地問(wèn)我，“owie”在法語(yǔ)中是什么意思。我掙扎著想出一個(gè)答案，直到我在腦海中拼出來(lái)：oui(英語(yǔ)中的“是的”)......越來(lái)越多關(guān)于她的故事浮出水面。想起她，我們都笑了。)可知，作者在母親的葬禮上笑是因?yàn)樗貞浧痍P(guān)于媽媽的有趣時(shí)刻。故選B項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“To make matters worse, the feeling was mutual : though our social circle swore that she was humorous, I never saw it.”(更糟糕的是，這種感覺(jué)是相互的：雖然我們的社交圈都說(shuō)她很幽默，但我從來(lái)沒(méi)有看到過(guò)。)以及文章最后一句“I wish I could have shared those laughs with her while she was alive, but I’m glad I finally made the connection.”(我希望我能在她活著的時(shí)候和她分享那些笑聲，但我很高興我終于建立了聯(lián)系。)可知，作者在母親活著的時(shí)候從沒(méi)理解母親的笑話，由此可推知，劃線句子的意思是“作者沒(méi)有從他母親的角度去理解她?！惫蔬xB項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Despite the fact I’d established myself as a humorist, my mother never found me or my work particularly funny. She was my hardest critic. “Is Drew really that funny?” she’d ask family members.”(盡管我已經(jīng)把自己塑造成一個(gè)幽默作家，但我母親從未覺(jué)得我或我的作品特別有趣。她是我最嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)家?！暗卖斦娴哪敲从腥?”她會(huì)問(wèn)家人。)和第四段“For a while I was convinced I would never make her laugh. Then, in 2005, I succeeded. I had published a book called Me Funny. In it were dozens of essays deconstructing Indigenous humour, along with 50 so-called “Indian jokes” to break up the various chapters. (For instance, “Why do Native people hate snow? Because it’s white and all over our land.”) She laughed hard and declared, “Wow, that was funny!””(有一段時(shí)間，我確信我永遠(yuǎn)也逗不了她笑。2005年，我成功了。我出版了一本叫《我很有趣》的書(shū)。書(shū)中有幾十篇文章解構(gòu)了印第安人的幽默，還有50個(gè)所謂的“印第安笑話”，作為各個(gè)章節(jié)的分句。（例如，“為什么原住民討厭雪?”因?yàn)樗前咨?，遍布我們的土地?！保┧笮χf(shuō):“哇，真有趣!”)可知，文章一直在說(shuō)作者和母親關(guān)于幽默的事情，故可推知文章最好的標(biāo)題為“什么事這么好笑？”。故選C項(xiàng)。
C
Famous Israeli gastronome (美食家) Michal Ansky is a professional taster and a Master Chef judge. So when she was invited to the world’s first public blind taste test setting lab-grown chicken into competition against a conventionally raised product, she was confident that she would be able to tell the difference.
Surrounded by cameras at a restaurant bar, she tasted from two dishes, labeled A and B. A team of lawyers looked on, tasked with making sure that the tasting truly was blind. Even the chef who sautéed (嫩煎) the meat in sunflower oil—no salt, no seasonings—didn’t know which was which. Both were flavorless, Ansky noted, but she would bet her reputation that sample A was the real thing. It had a richer, more “chickeny” taste.
The tasting was hosted by a meat-tech startup SuperMeat at its in-house restaurant, The Chicken. Ever since 2013, when the first lab-grown hamburger was presented to the public with a $330,000 price tag, alternative-meat companies have been inching closer to a product that is just as tasty and nearly as affordable as the real thing, but without the climate impacts. One new study found high-income countries could cut agricultural emissions (排放物) by almost two-thirds by moving away from animal-based foods.
But one question remains: Would consumers be able to tell the difference? SuperMeat decided to put its product to the test without the deep frying and sauces that are usually used to mask a lack of flavor. Sample B had less flavor, so Ansky reasoned that it had to be the one grown in a lab. She was so convinced of her decision that when SuperMeat founder Ido Savir announced that it was in fact A that was lab-grown, she corrected him. “No,” she said. “A is the real chicken.”
A day later, I spoke to Ansky about the tasting. “It’s one of the only times in my life that I’m really happy that I was wrong,” she admitted.
28. What do we know about the taste test?
A. It was hosted by a chicken-themed restaurant.
B. Food samples were made with different flavors.
C. Michal Ansky was invited to the test for her reputation.
D. Lawyers were involved to ensure the authority of the activity.
29. The purpose of hosting the taste test is to prove that ________.
A. lab-grown chicken tastes as good as raised chicken
B. meat eaters turn a blind eye to the taste of chicken
C. even a world-famous gastronome can make mistakes
D. chicken should be cooked well to appeal to customers
30. What is the biggest advantage of lab-grown chicken?
A. More chickeny taste.
B. More affordable price.
C. Less artificial flavor.
D. Less carbon footprint.
31. Why did Ansky say that she was happy that she was wrong?
A. She wanted to ease her embarrassment.
B. She saw a milestone in the food industry.
C. She changed people’s opinion of her job.
D. She believed in the power of making mistakes.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一家肉類(lèi)科技初創(chuàng)公司SuperMeat邀請(qǐng)美食家Ansky試吃分別由真正雞肉及該公司通過(guò)科技手段培育出的雞肉制成的兩道菜。最后Ansky對(duì)食物的判斷是錯(cuò)的。旨在說(shuō)明目前科技已經(jīng)可以培育出味道與真正雞肉一樣的產(chǎn)品，這樣人類(lèi)可以減少食用動(dòng)物性食物，減少對(duì)氣候的影響。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Famous Israeli gastronome (美食家) Michal Ansky is a professional taster and a Master Chef judge. So when she was invited to the world’s first public blind taste test setting lab-grown chicken into competition against a conventionally raised product, she was confident that she would be able to tell the difference.(以色列著名美食家Ansky是一家專(zhuān)業(yè)品酒師和美食家。因此，當(dāng)她被邀請(qǐng)參加世界上第一次公開(kāi)的盲品測(cè)試時(shí)，她自信自己能夠分辨出不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的雞肉和傳統(tǒng)飼養(yǎng)的產(chǎn)品)”可知，因?yàn)锳nsky是一名著名的品酒師及美食家，所以她被邀請(qǐng)參加試吃。故選C。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meat companies have been inching closer to a product that is just as tasty and nearly as affordable as the real thing, but without the climate impacts.(這些可替代肉類(lèi)公司就一直在慢慢研究生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品和真正的漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會(huì)對(duì)氣候造成影響)”可知，這家公司舉辦這次試吃活動(dòng)，目的是證明通過(guò)技術(shù)手段生產(chǎn)出的雞肉產(chǎn)品，與真正的雞肉產(chǎn)品相比，可以一樣美味。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meat companies have been inching closer to a product that is just as tasty and nearly as affordable as the real thing, but without the climate impacts.(這些可替代肉類(lèi)公司就一直在慢慢研究生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品和真正的漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會(huì)對(duì)氣候造成影響)”可知，這家公司通過(guò)技術(shù)手段生產(chǎn)出的雞肉產(chǎn)品，與真正的雞肉產(chǎn)品相比，可以一樣美味，但更便宜，而且不會(huì)對(duì)氣候造成影響。因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物性食物可以減少碳排放，有助于環(huán)保。故選D。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meat companies have been inching closer to a product that is just as tasty and nearly as affordable as the real thing, but without the climate impacts. One new study found high-income countries could cut agricultural emissions (排放物) by almost two-thirds by moving away from animal-based foods.(替代肉類(lèi)公司就一直在慢慢地向一種產(chǎn)品靠近，這種產(chǎn)品和真正的漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會(huì)對(duì)氣候造成影響。一個(gè)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高收入國(guó)家通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物性食物可以減少近三分之二的排放物)”可知，這種肉類(lèi)替代性產(chǎn)品有助于環(huán)保，幫助減少碳排放，在口感味道上幾乎沒(méi)有差別，所以Ansky說(shuō)她很高興自己錯(cuò)了，是因?yàn)檫@些雞肉口味同樣很棒，但是對(duì)環(huán)保有益，是食品行業(yè)的一次了不起的技術(shù)突破。故選B。
D
All routes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degrees run through calculus (微積分) classes. Each year, thousands of college students take introductory calculus. But only a small number ultimately complete a STEM degree, and research about why students abandon such degrees suggests that traditional calculus courses are one of the reasons. With scientific understanding and innovation increasingly central to solving 21st-century problems, this loss of talent is something society can ill afford.
Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma. Several of the promising calculus reforms were spearheaded by professors outside of math departments. STEM faculty are prioritizing cooperation across disciplines to transform math classes to cultivate a diverse generation of STEM researchers and professionals.
This is not uncharted territory. In 2013, life sciences faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, developed a two-course sequence that covers classic calculus topics, but also emphasizes their application in a biological context. Creating this course, Mathematics for Life Scientists, wasn’t easy. The life sciences faculty involved, none of whom had a joint appointment with the math department, said they turned to designing the course themselves after math faculty rejected their request for cooperation.
In Ohio, Wright State University’s Engineering departments also revised math offerings. Rather than changing the content of the calculus course, they focused on preparing students for calculus by emphasizing “engineering motivation for math.” The approach enhanced opportunities for students with weaker math backgrounds to succeed in engineering and doubled the average graduation rate of engineering students without reducing the average grade of graduates. Math learning is fundamental to all STEM fields, but the opposite also appears to be true.
32. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. Increasing STEM dropout rate.
B. The reform of calculus courses.
C. Shrinking admission to STEM majors.
D. The shaken belief in the role of calculus.
33. What does “spearheaded” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. challenged B. evaluated C. cancelled D. initiated
34. What do we know about the calculus course reform according to the text?
A. STEM departments made calculus content easier to improve students’ grades.
B. Math departments sought cooperation with STEM counterparts to urge reforms.
C. Placing calculus learning in specific STEM contexts is a workable approach.
D. Removing calculus is the key to increasing graduation rate of STEM students.
35. What does “the opposite” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The STEM fields may be the foundation of other science subjects.
B. The STEM fields may be central to making math learning effective.
C. Math learning may set barrier for science study in the STEM fields.
D. Math learning may make way for science study in the STEM fields.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生在STEM學(xué)位學(xué)習(xí)中，因微積分太難而選擇放棄，導(dǎo)致了人才的流失。萊特州立大學(xué)應(yīng)用了將微積分學(xué)習(xí)放到特定的STEM的背景下學(xué)習(xí)，收到了良好的結(jié)果，并發(fā)現(xiàn)，也許STEM的領(lǐng)域才是數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Each year, thousands of college students take introductory calculus. But only a small number ultimately complete a STEM degree, and research about why students abandon such degrees suggests that traditional calculus courses are one of the reasons.（每年，成千上萬(wàn)的大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)微積分入門(mén)。但只有少數(shù)學(xué)生最終完成STEM學(xué)位，關(guān)于學(xué)生為什么放棄此類(lèi)學(xué)位的研究表明，傳統(tǒng)微積分課程是原因之一。）”可知，每年很多大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)微積分，但卻因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)微積分課程，只有少數(shù)學(xué)生獲得了STEM學(xué)位，故很多學(xué)生中途放棄了學(xué)習(xí)，越來(lái)越的學(xué)生中途放棄獲得STEM學(xué)位，故選A。
【33題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma. Several of the promising calculus reforms were spearheaded by professors outside of math departments.（僅數(shù)學(xué)系是不太可能解決這一困境的。一些有希望的微積分改革是由數(shù)學(xué)系以外的教授帶頭的。）”可知，此處“spearheaded”的意思根據(jù)前文句子“Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma.（僅數(shù)學(xué)系是無(wú)法解決這一困境的）”提示，前文提出了原因，因?yàn)閱螁螖?shù)學(xué)系是無(wú)法解決的，數(shù)學(xué)系以外的教授就發(fā)起了微積分改革，故spearheaded與D項(xiàng)“發(fā)起”意思接近，故選D項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Rather than changing the content of the calculus course, they focused on preparing students for calculus by emphasizing “engineering motivation for math.” The approach enhanced opportunities for students with weaker math backgrounds to succeed in engineering and doubled the average graduation rate of engineering students without reducing the average grade of graduates.（他們沒(méi)有改變微積分課程內(nèi)容，而是通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)學(xué)的工程動(dòng)力”來(lái)讓學(xué)生為微積分做好準(zhǔn)備。這種方法增加了數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)較弱的學(xué)生在工程領(lǐng)域取得成功的機(jī)會(huì)，是工科學(xué)生的平均畢業(yè)率翻了一倍。）”可知，他們沒(méi)有改變微積分課程，而是將微積分課程放在工程動(dòng)力學(xué)中，讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)微積分，這種方法取得了很好的結(jié)果，故將微積分放在特定的STEM的背景下學(xué)習(xí)，這是一個(gè)可行的辦法，故選C。
【35題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Math learning is fundamental to all STEM fields, but the opposite also appears to be true.（數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)是所有STEM領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)，但事實(shí)似乎恰恰相反。）”可知，前文提到數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)是STEM領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)，“the opposite”意為“……的反面，對(duì)立面”，故the opposite指的是也許STEM卻是數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共 5 小題；每小題 2.5 分，滿分 12.5 分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Workers are quitting their jobs.___36___So many, in fact. We’re still exactly in the middle of the so-called Great Resignation globally. In the US, the Labor Department revealed that 4.3 million Americans left their jobs in August 2021—the highest number on record.___37___In fact, there are several reasons why workers are walking away. Some quit their jobs owing to poor working conditions or fears of contracting COVID-19; others maybe resign from their offices on account of existential anxieties among them.
Have you heard the story like that? In the golden age of American labor, 20th-century workers stayed in one job for 40 years and retired with a gold watch. But that’s a fairy tale.___38___Actually, the economy was better off for it. Since the 1980s Americans have quit less, and many have stayed in their jobs for fear that the safety net wouldn’t support them while they look for a new one.___39___ And they’re being rewarded for their lack of patience: Wages for low-income workers are rising at their fastest rate since the Great Depression. So to some extent, the Great Resignation is, literally, great.
___40___That means 1 in 14 hotel clerks, restaurant servers, and bar tenders said goodbye in a single month. Thanks to several COVID-19 relief checks, a delayed rent payment and student-loan forgiveness, almost everybody has more freedom to quit jobs they hate and switch to something else. Particularly those who are young and have a low income benefit a lot from it.
A. A lot of them are doing that.
B. It seems like a tendency to resign.
C. Almost every industry faces the resignation crisis.
D. But Americans seem to be done with sticking it out.
E. In the UK, the number of open jobs was over 1 million.
F Nearly 7% of employees in the service industry left their jobs.
G. The truth is people in the 1960s and ’70s quit their jobs more often.
【答案】36. A 37. E 38. G 39. D 40. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了工人們正在辭職，很多人都在這么做。在全球范圍內(nèi)，我們?nèi)匀惶幱谒^的“大辭職”之中。工人們離開(kāi)的原因有許多。一些人因?yàn)楣ぷ鳁l件差或擔(dān)心感染新冠肺炎而辭職；還有一些人可能是因?yàn)榇嬖诮箲]而辭職。
【36題詳解】
由上文“Workers are quitting their jobs.”引出辭職，下文“So many, in fact. We’re still exactly in the middle of the so-called Great Resignation globally.”（事實(shí)上，有很多。在全球范圍內(nèi)，我們?nèi)匀惶幱谒^的“大辭職”之中。）說(shuō)明證實(shí)很多人辭職這件事情。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A“A lot of them are doing that”中的that指代上文這件事，下文也是對(duì)空格處內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充，說(shuō)明。故選A項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
由上文“We’re still exactly in the middle of the so-called Great Resignation globally.”（在全球范圍內(nèi)，我們?nèi)匀惶幱谒^的“大辭職”之中。）說(shuō)明在全球范圍內(nèi)，都處于“大辭職”之中?？崭裉幧弦痪洹癐n the US, the Labor Department revealed that 4.3 million Americans left their jobs in August 2021—the highest number on record.”（在美國(guó)，勞工部透露，2021年8月有430萬(wàn)美國(guó)人離職，這是有記錄以來(lái)的最高數(shù)字。）舉了美國(guó)的辭職情況的例子。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)E“In the UK, the number of open jobs was over 1 million.”一起構(gòu)成了分別舉了美國(guó)和英國(guó)這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的例子，來(lái)具體說(shuō)明這一情況。故選E項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
由上文“But that’s a fairy tale.(但是是一個(gè)童話故事)”可知，可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為“20th-century workers stayed in one job for 40 years”（20世紀(jì)的工人做一份工作40年）意思相反。說(shuō)明事實(shí)并非如此，選項(xiàng)G“事實(shí)上，上世紀(jì)六七十年代的人辭職的頻率更高。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
由下文“And they’re being rewarded for their lack of patience(他們也因?yàn)槿狈δ托亩玫搅嘶貓?bào))”說(shuō)明缺乏耐心，以及連詞And可知，該句是與空格處內(nèi)容是并列關(guān)系，故可推斷空格處也與“缺乏耐心”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D“But Americans seem to be done with sticking it out.”（但美國(guó)人似乎已經(jīng)不再堅(jiān)持下去了。）符合此推斷，與下文意思一致。故選D項(xiàng)。
【40題詳解】
下文“That means 1 in 14 hotel clerks, restaurant servers, and bar tenders said goodbye in a single month.”（這意味著每14個(gè)酒店職員、餐廳服務(wù)員和酒保中就有1個(gè)在一個(gè)月內(nèi)離開(kāi)了。）的that指代空格處內(nèi)容。故F項(xiàng)“Nearly 7% of employees in the service industry left their jobs.”（近7%的服務(wù)業(yè)員工離職。）為下文“that”的指代內(nèi)容。上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分)
第一節(jié)(共 15 小題；每小題 1 分，滿分 15 分)
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
On April 6, 1909, six men claimed their place as the first explorers to reach the North Pole.
Many had tried to reach the pole, but Peary’s team___41___them through clever planning. He also gave ___42___to Henson, an African American explorer with___43___ skills. “The team needed his knowledge of the Inuit, and Henson was fluent in their language. Also, he has shared all the physical hardships of my Arctic work,” Peary said.
___44___ winds blew. “Freezing of the face is a(n) ___45___ occurrence,” Henson wrote. “We could even lose fingers or toes. If anyone’s foot began to freeze, another man held the bare foot ___46___ his stomach to warm it up. There was no other way to ___47___ the foot.”
After four journeys to the Arctic, Peary learned how to ___48___ better for the trip. This time, he had other teams go ahead and leave ___49___ along the way to provide for their final dash. They drove long hours every day. “Forced ____50____ all the time,” Peary explained.
They were ____51____ because they came across no open water to ____52____ the team. They spent 30 hours at the pole before they began their ____53____. They couldn’t stay longer as spring was coming and the ice was about to melt. Henson set such a fast pace that Peary warned him not to work the dogs to death. “I know,” Henson replied. “ ____54____ we have to hurry.”
They did it. They reached safety in 16 days and ____55____ their place in history.
41. A. employed B. helped C. chose D. beat
42. A. credit B. way C. place D. support
43. A. academic B. technical C. comprehensive D. communicative
44 A. Mild B. Fresh C. Refreshing D. Biting
45. A. dangerous B. ordinary C. temporary D. challenging
46. A. against B. towards C. over D. below
47. A. feel B. save C. lift D. hold
48. A. plan B. pack C. train D. budget
49. A. tips B. supplies C. footprints D. messages
50. A. duties B. requests C. marches D. measures
51. A. upset B. stuck C. tough D. lucky
52. A. freeze up B. hold up C. let down D. put down
53. A. work B. trip C. return D. race
54. A. But B. And C. Unless D. So
55. A. took B. found C. spotted D. secured
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。主要講述了6個(gè)人于1909年4月6日， 作為首批到達(dá)北極的人，是如何利用自己的智慧到達(dá)北極的。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：很多人曾經(jīng)試過(guò)到達(dá)北極，但是Peary的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)智慧的計(jì)劃打敗了他們。A. employed雇傭；B. helped幫助；C. chose選擇；D. beat打敗。根據(jù)前文“six men claimed their place as the first explorers to reach the North Pole”可知，此處指Peary的團(tuán)隊(duì)打敗其他人，成為了第一批到達(dá)北極的人，故選D。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他也高度贊揚(yáng)了Herson，Herson是一個(gè)有著全面技能美國(guó)黑人探險(xiǎn)家。A. credit贊揚(yáng)；B. way方式；C. place位置；D. support支持。根據(jù)后文““The team needed his knowledge of the Inuit, and Henson was fluent in their language. Also, he has shared all the physical hardships of my Arctic work,” Peary said.”可知，Peary認(rèn)為Herson是一個(gè)有著語(yǔ)言優(yōu)勢(shì)的人，故他贊揚(yáng)Herson，故選A。
【43題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他也高度贊揚(yáng)了Herson，Herson是一個(gè)有著全面技能美國(guó)黑人探險(xiǎn)家。A. academic學(xué)術(shù)的；B. technical技術(shù)的；C. comprehensive全面的；D. communicative交流的。根據(jù)后文““The team needed his knowledge of the Inuit, and Henson was fluent in their language. Also, he has shared all the physical hardships of my Arctic work,” Peary said.”可知，Herson技能比較全面，故選C。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：刺骨的寒風(fēng)吹著。A. Mild溫和的；B. Fresh新鮮的；C. Refreshing清爽的；D. Biting刺骨的。根據(jù)后文““Freezing of the face is a(n) ___5___ occurrence,””可知，此處指探索北極是的刺骨的寒風(fēng)，故選D。
【45題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：面部?jī)鼋┦浅Ｒ?jiàn)的情況。A. dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B. ordinary常見(jiàn)的；C. temporary暫時(shí)的；D. challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)的。根據(jù)后文““We could even lose fingers or toes.”可知，此處表示臉部?jī)鼋┖艹Ｒ?jiàn)，故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：如果有人的腳開(kāi)始凍結(jié)，另一個(gè)人就將腳放在肚子上，讓它暖和起來(lái)。A. against倚著；B. towards向，朝著；C. over在……上面；D. below在……下面。根據(jù)后文“to warm it up”可知，此處指將凍僵的腳放在肚子上，以使它暖和起來(lái)，故選A。
【47題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒(méi)有其他方式能救凍僵了的教。A. feel感覺(jué)；B. save拯救；C. lift提起；D. hold拿著。根據(jù)前文“If anyone’s foot began to freeze, another man held the bare foot ___6___ his stomach to warm it up.”可知，此處指出了將凍僵的腳放到肚子上，沒(méi)有其他可以拯救凍僵了的腳的方法了，故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在四次去往北極后，Peary學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣更好地計(jì)劃。A. plan計(jì)劃；B. pack打包；C. train培訓(xùn)；D. budget做預(yù)算。根據(jù)前文“but Peary’s team___1___them through clever planning.”可知，此處指Peary有了一定經(jīng)驗(yàn)后，知道怎樣更好地計(jì)劃，故選A。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次，他讓其他團(tuán)隊(duì)在在前面，沿途留下物資，以備他們的最后沖刺。A. tips提示；B. supplies物資，儲(chǔ)備物；C. footprints足跡；D. message信息。根據(jù)后文“to provide for their final dash.”可知，此處指為了最后沖刺，需要前者留下物資，故選B。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天他們開(kāi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的車(chē)，解釋道：“一路上是在被迫前行”。A. duties責(zé)任；B. requests要求；C. marches前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)；D. measures措施。根據(jù)前文“They drove long hours every day.”可知，此處指他們每天開(kāi)很久的車(chē)，Peary感覺(jué)是被迫前進(jìn)，故選C。
【51題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有開(kāi)闊的水域來(lái)阻擋他們。A. upset心煩意亂的；B. stuck被困住的；C. tough困難的；D. lucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)后文“because they came across no open water”可知，此處指沒(méi)有開(kāi)闊的水域阻止他們，因此他們是幸運(yùn)的，故選D。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有開(kāi)闊的水域來(lái)阻擋他們。A. freeze up凍結(jié)；B. hold up阻擋，舉起；C. let down使失望；D. put down放下。根據(jù)前文“because they came across no open water”可知，此處指路途上沒(méi)有開(kāi)闊的水域來(lái)阻擋他們，故選B。
【53題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們回去之前在北極待了30小時(shí)。A. work工作；B. trip旅行；C. return返回；D. race比賽。根據(jù)后文“They couldn’t stay longer as spring was coming and the ice was about to melt.”可知，此處指在北極待了30小時(shí)后，他們就返回了，故選C。
【54題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：Herson回復(fù)道：“我知道，但是我們必須快一點(diǎn)”。A. But但是；B. And并且；C. Unless除非；D. So因此。根據(jù)前文“Henson set such a fast pace that Peary warned him not to work the dogs to death.”可知，前文與后文“have to hurry”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。
【55題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們做到了。16天后，他們安全地到達(dá)了，并保證了他們?cè)跉v史上的地位。A. took拿，帶；B. found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. spotted看到；D. secured確保，保證。根據(jù)空后“their place in history”可知，此處指他們安全到達(dá)后，保證了他們?cè)跉v史上的位置，故選D。
第二節(jié)(共 10 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 15 分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Hugging’s Evolutionary Origins
Many of us are eager for the warmth of a hug nowadays. Humans biologically need touch, and a good long hug is one of the best ways ___56___ (get) it. Our need for a hug goes all the way back to the ___57___ (survive) of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. We ___58___ (reward) when we have a comfortable hug. It is ___59___ rush of feel-good hormones (荷爾蒙) called oxytocin. When we can’t hug, we don’t get those good hormones.
We may not know ___60___ we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. It is not until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness. Some people grow up in more formal families ___61___ hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging ___62___ (please). ___63___ both cases, when children don’t experience healthy touch, their development will be affected. Kids who didn’t grow up ___64___ (hold) miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or separate from ___65___ around them. Sometimes, the opposite may also be true. Some children may hope for any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.
【答案】56. to get
57. survival
58. are rewarded
59. a 60. what
61. where 62. unpleasant
63. In 64. being held
65. those
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了擁抱的進(jìn)化起源。
【56題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：從生理上講，人類(lèi)需要身體接觸，一個(gè)深情的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間擁抱是獲得身體接觸的最佳方式之一。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處get為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)the best way，需要使用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填to get。
【57題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：我們對(duì)擁抱的需求可以追溯到人類(lèi)的生存。結(jié)合空格前的定冠詞“the”，可知此處需要使用名作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，故填survival。
【58題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我們得到一個(gè)舒適的擁抱時(shí)，我們就得到了回報(bào)。根據(jù)從句中的“have”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞reward是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞用are，故填are rewarded。
【59題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：這是一種能夠使自我感覺(jué)良好荷爾蒙，叫做催產(chǎn)素。當(dāng)我們不能擁抱的時(shí)候，我們就得不到那些好的荷爾蒙。根據(jù)所給句子可知，此處rush為可數(shù)名詞，以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，因此需要使用冠詞a表示泛指。故填a。
【60題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們可能不知道用擁抱來(lái)問(wèn)候朋友和家人能得到什么；我們只是享受它。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，從句中g(shù)et后缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此需要使用連接詞what。故填what。
【61題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：有些人在比較常規(guī)的家庭中長(zhǎng)大，擁抱并不常見(jiàn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處缺少定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為families，且在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此需要使用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。
【62題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：其他人可能經(jīng)歷過(guò)虐待，這讓擁抱變得不愉快。根據(jù)所給句子可知，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“makes”，賓語(yǔ)是“hugging”，需要使用形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故填pleasant。
【63題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：在這兩種情況下，如果孩子沒(méi)有體驗(yàn)到健康的肢體接觸，他們的發(fā)展就會(huì)受到影響。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)“in …cases”意為“在…情況下”可知，此處需要使用介詞in。故填in。
【64題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：沒(méi)有被擁抱過(guò)的孩子就不會(huì)有那種被保護(hù)的安全感。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“didn’t grow up”，空格處填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，因主語(yǔ)who與hold是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，此處表示在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中被擁抱，因此需要使用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式，故填being held。
【65題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：他們可能會(huì)與周?chē)娜孙@得不合群。根據(jù)所給句子及句意可知，此處需使用代詞指代主語(yǔ)they之外的周?chē)哪切┤?。故填those。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分)
第一節(jié)(滿分 15 分)
66. 假定你是李華，上周二你校組織學(xué)生一起觀看了神州十三號(hào)載人飛船成功著陸。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)向你校英文報(bào)“Show Time”欄目投稿，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 觀看著陸的感受；
2. 飛船凱旋的意義；
3. 給青少年的啟示。
參考詞匯： 神州十三號(hào)載人飛船 Shenzhou-13 Manned Spaceship
注意：1. 詞數(shù) 80 左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
【答案】 Last Tuesday I witnessed the successful landing of Shenzhou-13 Manned Spaceship. While watching the thrilling moments with all my classmates, I felt so excited that I couldn’t hold back my tears.
At the sight of the astronauts being lifted out of the return capsule, I was overwhelmed with pride. Their safe return has not only fully demonstrated the great power of our motherland but also awakened in us a burning ambition to help our country make continual progress in all its undertakings.
Inspired by the successful landing, we teenagers should take on the responsibility to make our country stronger!
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。要求考生寫(xiě)一篇文章介紹學(xué)校組織學(xué)生一起觀看神州十三號(hào)載人飛船成功著陸的事情。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
令人興奮的：thrilling → exciting
當(dāng)看到：at the sight of → on seeing
充分地：fully → completely
承擔(dān)：take on → undertake
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：At the sight of the astronauts being lifted out of the return capsule, I was overwhelmed with pride.
拓展句：When I saw the astronauts being lifted out of the return capsule, I was overwhelmed with pride.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】While watching the thrilling moments with all my classmates, I felt so excited that I couldn’t hold back my tears.(while引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句省略；that引起結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
【高分句型2】Inspired by the successful landing, we teenagers should take on the responsibility to make our country stronger!(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
第二節(jié)(滿分 25 分)
67. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
In late December, the cow path near our house in Tennessee was still covered with leaves, but I knew snow would be falling soon enough. My younger brother, Buddy Earl, and I were on an important mission: Go to Uncle Tommie’s place and get a goose(鵝). The hiking over Little Mountain and getting there would be worth it. Uncle Tommie raised the best geese around, and he’d offered to give us one for Christmas dinner.
Uncle Tommie met us at the door. “I’m not rushing you boys,” he said, “but as light snow started, you’d better get the goose and head home.” It didn’t take me long to pick up a goose from his yard. Buddy and I said a quick thank you and goodbye. The snow came down harder, wind blowing every way.
“I’m as cold as ice. How about you?” asked Buddy.
I tapped the goose’s head. “I wish we had feathers to keep us warm like you,” I said. “Or heavier coats.”
“Doug, I’m freezing,” Buddy said. I could hardly hear him over the wind and my own chattering teeth. “I think we should go back.” The idea was attractive, but we were closer to home than to Uncle Tommie’s house. We had to push on.
I held the goose closer to my chest. The bird was the only warm thing about me. I stepped in front of my brother. “Buddy, open your coat!” “Are you crazy?” He asked. “I’ll lose the little warmth I have.” When he saw I was serious, he slowly unzipped (拉開(kāi)……的拉鏈) his coat and opened it. I placed the warm goose inside his coat and zipped it back up. “Make sure you keep the goose’s head out so it can breathe.” Buddy sighed happily. My plan was working.
注意：1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為 150 左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
“Doug, it is time for you to open your coat. ”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing our surviving experience, my parents hesitated about what to do with the goose.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 “Doug, it is time for you to open your coat. ” Buddy handed the goose to me. Its feathered body was as warm as angel feathers inside my coat. Putting my freezing hands on its body, I felt a rush of warmth sweeping over me. We passed the goose back and forth between us all the way home, battling biting cold. After what seemed like ages, we got home. Upon arrival, we couldn’t wait to explain to our parents how the goose had kept us from freezing. (76 words)
Hearing our surviving experience, my parents hesitated about what to do with the goose. “What should we have for Christmas dinner?” They looked at us with a concerned look. “Anything but the goose. He has saved our lives.” Buddy and I exclaimed. Shifting gazes between us and the goose which was honking as if he were pleading too. “Fine. Then we’ll do without it,” my parents announced. “Hooray!” we sprang to our feet. That Christmas, we didn’t have a grand feast, but came upon a hero in our life. (75 words)
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi)，講述了作者和弟弟巴迪·厄爾去湯米叔叔家買(mǎi)只鵝。因?yàn)楦改敢o他們一只做圣誕晚餐。在回家的路上，雪下得更大了，風(fēng)到處刮。鵝幫助作者他們?nèi)∨氐搅思?。作者他們迫不及待地向父母解釋這只鵝是如何讓他們免于凍僵的。最后父母決定不殺他們生命中的一位英雄。的故事。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě)：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“道格，你該把外套打開(kāi)了。”可知，第一段可描寫(xiě)作者抱著鵝和弟弟一起冒著風(fēng)雪回家的經(jīng)過(guò)。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“聽(tīng)到我們幸存的經(jīng)歷，我的父母對(duì)如何處理這只鵝猶豫不決?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼?xiě)作者父母決定不殺這只英雄鵝。
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索：冒雪——取暖——解釋——決定——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類(lèi)
①遞過(guò)來(lái)：deliver/pass/hand over
②回家：all the way home/go back home/return home
③.阻止某人做：keep us from/stop us from/prevent sb (from)
情緒類(lèi)
①.感謝：showing one's appreciation/show one's gratitude/be grateful
②.擔(dān)憂的：concerned /worried
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]. After what seemed like ages, we got home. （由連接詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作after的賓語(yǔ)）
[高分句型2].Shifting gazes between us and the goose which was honking as if he were pleading too.（運(yùn)用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和as if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣）


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