中考考點(diǎn)要求：
閱讀理解題主要考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，包括閱讀、理解、
歸納概括、推理判斷以及對(duì)材料的評(píng)估能力等。
【解題指導(dǎo)】
閱讀理解解題方法
① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。
② 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、 歸納得出正確答案。
③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。
④ 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。
⑤ 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。
⑥ 排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。
【考查內(nèi)容】
1.閱讀文章題材多樣(涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面)，體裁形式豐富(包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等)，這就需要考生在平時(shí)對(duì)各方面的知識(shí)都有所積累。
2.閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識(shí)的能力，包括閱讀、理解、歸納概括、邏輯推理以及對(duì)材料的評(píng)估能力等。在閱讀技巧上，考生要注意文章的個(gè)別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、文章的主題或背景知識(shí)、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。
【解題技巧】[來源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)]
1.主旨題（ T find ut the main idea)
其目的是考查對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。
解題技巧為：找主題句。 應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。
主旨題常見題式為：
1.Which is the best title f this passage?
2.The main idea f this passage is_____
3.The passage mainly tells us：_________
例題1
Happiness is fr everyne…
In fact, happiness is always arund yu, if yu put yur heart int it…
Happiness is nt the same as mney, it is a feeling f yur heart…
( )Which f the fllwing is this passage abut?
A. Bad luck B. Gd luck C. Happiness D. Life （答案為C）
例題2
It’s s crwded in Flrida! We had t wait a lng time t g n the rides smetimes…..
( )The paragraph mainly tells us_________.
A. It’s s crwded in Flrida.
B. We had t wait a lng time . (答案為A)
例題3
Nw scientists have tld us sme gd news t fight travel sickness. Chse an aisle(過道) seat n a plane, train and sit in the frnt f a car. Avid standing. Always face the same way that yu’re travelling and leave yur bks at hme.
( )The paragraph is mainly abut ________ ?
A.Where t sit n a plane B.When t travel
C.Hw t prevent travel sickness D.Why we shuldn’t stand
例題4
Six strng men tried t push and pull(拉拽) the bull ut, but the bull didn’t mve at all and even attacked them. The men thught carefully and decided t fill the bull’s milk bttle with milk then used it t lead the bull ut. It wrked at last. Smetimes we meet with trubles. Maybe at first yu find it difficult t deal with a prblem. But thinking in different ways may lead yu t the slutin.
( )What des this paragraph want t tell us?
A. Experience is the best teacher. B.Smething tried, smething dne.
C. It’s dangerus t make a bull angry. D.When a usual way can’t help, try anther way
→主旨大意隱含在全篇中。對(duì)每段主題句，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)題( T lk fr details)
細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。
解題技巧為： 快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、數(shù)字等，劃出相關(guān)句子，進(jìn)行對(duì)照。
例題1
Peter started playing fr the lcal club when he was nly 10 years ld in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that wn the Wrld Cup fr Brazil again. He finally stpped playing in1977.
Hw many years did Peter play ftball?
________________________________(答案為29 years。抓住兩個(gè)年份數(shù)字1977-1948)
細(xì)節(jié)題中的難點(diǎn)常為此類問題：
Which f the fllwing is True/Nt True?
這類題目要求從文中不同的地方挑出信息對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。選項(xiàng)之間沒有聯(lián)系。解題技巧為：仔細(xì)回讀相關(guān)信息。針對(duì)選項(xiàng)，逐個(gè)判斷正誤，1道等于4道。
例題2
It seems that everybdy tells lies- well, nt big lies, but what we call “white lies” .Telling white lies isn't that bad. Mst f the time ,peple d it because they want t prtect a friendship.
( )Which f the fllwing is nt True:
A. White lies are nt big lies. B. In fact, everybdy tells lies .
C. Peple tell white lies t prtect a friendship. D. White lies are harmful t friendship.
（答題時(shí)要求對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行回讀確認(rèn)信息，然后判斷。） （答案為D）
例題3
Assistant Needed
An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He/She must be healthy and shuld have an interest in making pizza. Mre imprtantly, he/she shuld have wrk experience in a restaurant.
Tel: 021-23432569.
( )This advertisement tells us that _______.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have nce wrked in a restaurant.
C. the assistant must be gd at making pizza .D. Wrk experience isn’t necessary.
→定位--抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞, 回原文中找到相關(guān)句。
3. 推斷題（ T infer a cnclusin)
推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論。包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。解題技巧為：尋找線索，悟出字里行間的意思。
常見題式：
Frm the passage we knw that______
Frm the passage we can infer(推斷) that___
注意：此類題目無法從原文中找到一模一樣的句子。
例題1
The dctr gave my sister sme medicine, but it did nthing t her.
( )Frm this sentence knw__________.
A. my sister didn't like this medicine B. my sister tk the medicine
C. the medicine made my sister sick D. my sister gt better nw
（根據(jù)后半句的but it did nthing t her推斷得出我姐姐吃了這個(gè)藥。） （答案為D）
例題2
Duke Ellingtn is knwn as ne f the mst imprtant cmpsers(作曲家) f his time, and his wrks have been enjyed fr mre than 80 years by music lvers all ver the wrld. During his lifetime Ellingtn turned musical sunds int many cmpsitins, mstly in the style f Jazz
( )We may infer frm the passage that ___________.
A.Ellingtn’s wrks disappeared quickly. B. Ellingtn lves travelling arund the wrld.
C.Ellingtn culd cmpse all kinds f sngs. D.Ellingtn had a great influence n the wrld f music
→根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或選項(xiàng)中的線索，找到原文的相關(guān)句, 進(jìn)行合理推斷、概括的選項(xiàng)為正確答案
4.猜測詞義題( T guess the meaning)
猜測詞義題主要考查根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。
解題技巧為：通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義。
常見題式如下：
The wrd “…” in the passage prbably means_________.
What des the wrd “…”mean______.
The underlined(劃線的) wrd means_________
例題1
Children like such creatures as dgs and mnkeys.
( )The underlined(劃線的) wrd means_________
A. animals B. plants C. Humans D. tys （由dgs and mnkeys 可推斷出，答案為 A ）
例題2
Yu have a lw pinin f yurself and ften prtect yurself frm being hurt, s yu are very defensive.
( )What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “defensive” ?________
A.易怒的 B.攻擊性的 C.外向的 D.有戒心的
→利用因果關(guān)系猜測詞義
例題3
Nw there are many huses arund the lake. Peple ften use chemicals in their gardens. They use ther chemicals inside their huses fr cleaning r killing insects. There are als many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines r shps.
( ) “Chemical” in the stry means _______.
A.化學(xué)家 B.污染品 C.藥品 D.化學(xué)制品 （答案為 D）
→根據(jù)已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的詞根、詞綴來推出未知詞匯的意思。
例題4
Unlike his brther, wh is truly a handsme man, Jhn is quite hmely．( )
例題5
A strict vegetarian is a persn wh never eats meat in his life. ( ) → 通過釋義來推測詞意。
【能力提升】
一、人物故事篇（記敘文）
D yu believe that yu aren’t smarter than 3-year-ld Alexis Martin, ne f the yungest members f the high IQ club Mensa? Preschler (學(xué)齡前的) Alexis’s IQ is 159, which is nly ne pint lwer than Stephen Hawking’s. Dctrs say the average IQ f a persn is abut 100.
She learned t read at the age f 2. She reads at a fifth grade level and has taught herself Spanish n her parents’ iPad! Nw, she is a member f the Mensa Club, which nly accepts peple with an IQ within the tp tw per cent f peple in the wrld!
Alexis’ father, Ian Martin, said he first realized Alexis was special when she was 12 mnths ld. She culd recite (背誦) bedtime stries. “We’d be driving arund in the car and she wuld recite her bedtime stries frm the night befre. She didn’t just recite them, and she recited them exactly.” Alexis’ father wuld try t trick her and say that her stry went a different way, but she always crrected him. Mst 12-mnth-ld children take their first steps n their wn and mst 18-mnth-lds can nly name a small number f bjects and bdy parts, and fllw simple tw-step questins.
Even thugh Alexis is a genius (天才), her parents are faced with lts f challenges like hw t teach her t make friends f her wn age.
“Will she g int kindergarten early? We are kind f hesitant (遲疑的) because we d want her t get t that scial wrld,” Ian said.
( )1.Alexis Martin is a girl wh _____________.
A. has many hbbies B. has a high IQ C. is gd at telling stries D. likes reading
( )2.Accrding t the reprt, Stephen Hawking’s IQ is as high as ___________.
A. 158 B. 159 C. 160 D. 101
( )3.Alexis Martin culd recite bedtime stries at ____________.
A. the age f 2 B. the age f 1
C. ne and a half years ld D. the age f 3
( )4.What wuld Alexis d when her father said her bedtime stries went a different way?
A. She wuld refuse t listen. B. She wuld try t recite it.
C. She wuld crrect him. D. She wuld laugh at it.
( )5.Which f the fllwing statements abut Alexis is NOT true?
A. She is accepted by the Mensa Club. B. She has made a lt f friends.
C. She learned t read at the age f 2. D. She learned a freign language by herself.
二、說明篇
Hw quickly can yu cunt frm ne t ten? D yu use ten different wrds t d it? Can yu d it in English，r d yu have t use yur first language? D yu cunt n yur fingers? Many peple think that numbers and math are the same all ver the wrld. But scientists have discvered that it is nt true.
Peple in different parts f the wrld use different ways t cunt n their fingers. In the United States，peple begin cunting with their first finger，which they extend r stick ut. They then extend the rest f their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)t cunt t five. Then they repeat this with the ther hand t get t ten. In China，peple cunt by using different finger psitins. In this way，a Chinese persn can easily cunt t ten n nly ne hand.
Besides ways f finger cunting，scientists have fund that cultures and languages are als different when it cmes t numbers. Sme languages have nly a few wrds fr numbers，and thers have n wrds fr numbers. A grup f scientists studied abriginal(土著的)peple in Australia. These peple dn’t have hand mvements t stand fr numbers. They dn’t even have wrds fr numbers. Hwever，they are still able t understand different ideas abut numbers.
In a similar study，researchers frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy discvered that peple f the Piraha tribe(部落)in nrthwestern Brazil dn’t have wrds fr numbers such as “ne” r “three”. They are nt able t say “five trees” r “ten trees” but can say “sme trees”, “mre trees” r “many trees”. Prfessr Edward Gibsn said that mst peple believe that everyne knws hw t cunt，“But here is a grup that des nt cunt. They culd learn，but it’s nt useful in their culture，s they’ve never picked it up.”
Althugh all humans are able t understand quantities(數(shù)量)，nt all languages have numbers and nt all peple use cunting. Number wrds in a certain language are a result f peple needing numbers in their daily lives. Nw we knw that peple have different ideas abut numbers and math，t.
( )6.The writer begins with the fur questins in rder t_______ .
A. make a survey B. interest readers
C. tell a stry D. slve math prblems
( )7.What d we learn frm the difference in finger cunting between the U.S. and China?
A. Peple frm China cunt much faster than peple frm the U.S.
B. Peple frm China need tw hands t cunt frm ne t ten.
C. Peple f different cultures may use different ways f finger cunting.
D. Peple f different cultures use the same way f finger cunting.
( )8.Which f the fllwing is true abut abriginal Australians?
A. They have nly a few wrds fr numbers. B. They have hand mvements t stand fr numbers.
C. They can nly cunt t five n their fingers. D. They can understand different ideas abut numbers.
( )9.The study f the Piraha tribe shws that_________ .
A. peple all ver the wrld knw hw t cunt B. peple f the tribe have wrds fr numbers
C. sme grups f peple are nt smart enugh t cunt D. cunting is nt useful in the culture f the tribe
( )10.What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Peple frm different cultures have different ideas abut numbers and math.
B. Chinese peple can cunt mre easily n their fingers than Americans.
C. In sme abriginal cultures，peple dn’t even knw hw t cunt.
D. Sme languages dn’t have number wrds because peple dn’t need numbers.
三、應(yīng)用篇
( )11.Yu can________ at J&M Music Stre.
A. receive guitar lessns B. brrw new r used CDs
C. learn pp music histry D. buy all kinds f music bks
( )12. Yu can g t Times Cffee Shp t have cffee and pies at_______.
A. 8:30 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 10:30 p.m. D. 11:30 p.m.
( )13. If yur friend is cming fr a visit, where will he stay fr a night?
A. In J&M Music Stre. B. In Peth Market
C. At Times Cffee Shp. D. At Macn's B&B.
( )14. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. There is n breakfast at Macn's B&B. B. Yu can't listen t the CD befre yu buy it.
C. Times Cffee Shp ffers Jazz music every day.
D. Kids under 12 can get free ice cream in Peth Market.
( )15. Where is the passage prbably frm?
A. A dictinary. B. A newspaper. C. A stry bk. D. A science reprt.
四、英美作家的經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品（略作改寫）
One afternn I tured an art museum while waiting fr my husband t finish a business meeting. I was lking frward t a quiet view f the art wrks.
A yung cuple viewing the paintings ahead f me chatted nnstp between themselves. I watched them a mment and decided the wife was ding all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience fr putting up with her cntinuus talk. Distracted by their nise, I mved n.
I met with them several times as I mved thrugh the different rms f art. Each time I heard her cnstant burst f wrds, I mved away quickly.
I was standing at the cunter f the museum gift shp making a purchase when the cuple came near t the exit. Befre they left, the man reached int his pcket and pulled ut a white bject. He extended it int a lng stick and tapped his way int the catrm t get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man. ”The clerk at the cunter said,” Mst f us wuld give up if we were blinded at such a yung age. During his recvery he made a prmise that his life wuldn’t change. S , as befre, he and his wife cme in whenever there’s a new art shw.”
“But what dse he get ut f the art?” I asked, “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? Yu’re wrng. He sees a lt. Mre than yu r I d.” The clerk said, “His wife describes each painting s he can see it in his head.”
I learned smething abut patience, curage and lve that day. I saw the patience f a yung wife describing paintings t a persn withut sight and the curage f a husband wh wuld nt allw blindness t change his life. And I saw the lve shared by tw peple as I watched this cuple walk away hand in hand.
( )16.The yung cuple were at an art museum ________.
A. t shw their lve B. t appreciate art
C. t discuss paintings D. t describe paintings
( )17.“…I mved away quickly.” in Paragraph 3 shws that the writer ________.
A. was in the hpe f visiting mre rms B. was in a hurry t buy sme gifts
C. was tired f the nnstp talking D. was nt interested in the art shw
( )18.We can infer frm the passage that the husband _________.
A. was nt brn blind B. culdn’t stand his wife
C. knew nthing abut art D. cmpletely depended n his wife
( )19.After hearing what the clerk had said abut the cuple, the writer was ________.
A. encuraged B. excited C. tuched D. annyed
( )20.The passage is mainly abut ___________.
A. the imprtance f art B. gd manners in public
C. patience f a husband D. lve between a cuple
J&M Music Stre
? Rck, pp and cuntry music
? Buy CDs new r used
? Listen befre yu buy
? Guitar lessns ffered
Peth Market
? Fresh fruit and vegetables
? Open Friday t Sunday mrnings
? Free ice cream fr children under 12
Times Cffee Shp
? The best cffee in twn
? Sandwiches, cakes, pies
?Open 10:00a.m—11:00 p.m. daily
?Jazz music( Wednesday t Sunday)
Macn's B&B
? Feel like hme
? We have different kinds f rms
? Delicius hmemade breakfast

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