三輪沖刺卷 03-【贏在高考·黃金20卷】備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?【贏在高考·黃金20卷】備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）
三輪沖刺卷03
本試卷共11頁，共100分．考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘．
考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效．
考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回．
第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．
One Monday morning I came into the classroom and caught Joe ____1____ a picture on his math book. This was one day after I had given the class a lecture on taking care of school property. Normally I would have got angry and ____2____ him to the office. Instead, I walked over to his desk and stood there. Joe closed the book immediately, trying to hide his drawing. I said, “Let me ____3____ what I said yesterday: these textbooks are going to be used for the next five years, and I ____4____ you to take good care of them.” “Sorry,” Joe murmured. “I forgot.” “I see.” I said.
When I returned to Joe’s desk again, he was erasing the drawing with his tiny, worn-out eraser. I ____5____ him mine and a drawing pad, and then said, “Here, this might make the job ____6____. And you can also use the pad whenever you have the ____7____ to draw.” Joe looked ____8____ and said, “Thanks.” I nodded and started my lesson.
Joe hasn’t drawn in his textbook since. He keeps the pad in his pocket and shows me his drawing from time to time. I’m glad I didn’t ask him to go to the office that day. It might have stopped him from marking on his books, but we would never have the ____9____ we have today. And who knows, I may have ____10____ a promising Picasso.
1．A．drawing B．copying C．observing D．examining
2．A．welcomed B．sent C．begged D．followed
3．A．check B．prove C．update D．repeat
4．A．force B．a(chǎn)llow C．expect D．promise
5．A．rewarded B．handed C．showed D．mailed
6．A．slower B．earlier C．safer D．easier
7．A．urge B．energy C．a(chǎn)mbition D．talent
8．A．surprised B．calm C．a(chǎn)wkward D．a(chǎn)nxious
9．A．a(chǎn)chievement B．a(chǎn)ppointment C．relationship D．conflict
10．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．encouraged C．ignored D．cheated
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者發(fā)現(xiàn)Joe在課本上畫畫，沒有把他叫到辦公室，而是給了他畫板讓他在畫板上畫畫，作者很高興自己可能鼓勵(lì)了一個(gè)有前途的畢加索。
1．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)星期一的早晨，我走進(jìn)教室，看見喬在他的數(shù)學(xué)書上畫畫。A. drawing畫畫；B. copying復(fù)制；C. observing觀察；D. examining檢查。由后文的“trying to hide his drawing”可知，Joe在數(shù)學(xué)書上畫畫，故選A。
2．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通常我會(huì)很生氣，把他送到辦公室去。A. welcomed歡迎；B. sent送；C. begged乞求；D. followed跟隨。由最后一段的“I’m glad I didn’t ask him to go to the office that day”可知，此處表示遇到學(xué)生在書上畫畫作者通常會(huì)很生氣，把他送到辦公室去，故選B。
3．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我重復(fù)我昨天說過的話。A. check檢查；B. prove證明；C. update更新；D. repeat重復(fù)。由后文的“what I said yesterday”可知，是重復(fù)昨天說過的話，故選D。
4．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些教科書是今后五年要用的，我希望你們好好愛護(hù)它們。A. force強(qiáng)迫；B. allow允許；C. expect期望；D. promise答應(yīng)?！皔ou to take good care of them”是作者的希望，因此空格處是“期望”，故選C。
5．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一個(gè)畫板遞給他，然后說“給，這個(gè)可能會(huì)讓工作（擦畫在書上的圖畫）容易些。”A. rewarded回報(bào)；B. handed遞交；C. showed展示；D. mailed郵寄。由“him mine and a drawing pad”可知，作者是把他的橡皮擦和一個(gè)畫板遞給Joe，故選B。
6．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. slower更慢的；B. earlier更早的；C. safer更安全的；D. easier更簡(jiǎn)單的。由上文的“worn-out eraser”可知，Joe的橡皮擦壞了，所以給他一個(gè)自己的可以讓他更容易擦掉數(shù)學(xué)書上的畫，故選D。
7．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你想畫畫的時(shí)候，你也可以使用這個(gè)畫板。A. urge強(qiáng)烈的欲望；B. energy能量；C. ambition雄心；D. talent才能。由“to draw”可知，句子表示“當(dāng)你想畫畫的時(shí)候，你也可以使用這個(gè)畫板”，因此空格處是“強(qiáng)烈的欲望”，故選A。
8．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)炭雌饋砗荏@訝，說“謝謝?！盇. surprised驚訝的；B. calm平靜的；C. awkward尷尬的；D. anxious焦急的。由上文的“I___5__him mine and a drawing pad”可知，作者給Joe橡皮擦和畫板而沒有讓他去辦公室，Joe為此感到驚訝，故選A。
9．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能會(huì)阻止他在書上畫畫，但我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有我們今天的關(guān)系。A. achievement成就；B. appointment約會(huì)；C. relationship關(guān)系；D. conflict沖突。由“He keeps the pad in his pocket and shows me his drawing from time to time. ”可知，如果作者當(dāng)時(shí)沒有那樣做，他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有今天和睦、融洽的師生關(guān)系，故選C。
10．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：誰知道呢，也許我鼓勵(lì)了一個(gè)有前途的畢加索。A. attracted吸引；B. encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C. ignored忽視；D. cheated欺騙。由“a promising Picasso”可知，作者給Joe畫板畫畫，這對(duì)Joe是一種鼓勵(lì)，故選B。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A new study ___11___ (conduct) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎癥) is the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a perfect storm, negatively ___12___ (affect) the body and brain. “Many people ___13___ depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process,” said Stephen Ilardi.
【答案】11．conducted 12．a(chǎn)ffecting 13．with
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究表明，過多地?cái)z入糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁癥的發(fā)生。
11.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由Kansas大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，過多的攝入糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁癥的發(fā)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞做后置定語，修飾名詞study(研究)，且動(dòng)詞conduct(進(jìn)行)和名詞study二者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用conduct的過去分詞形式conducted，故填conducted。
12.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：高糖攝入會(huì)產(chǎn)生一大堆麻煩事，對(duì)身體和大腦產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是非謂語的動(dòng)詞做狀語，動(dòng)詞affect(影響)的邏輯主語是主句主語High sugar consumption(高糖攝入)，且二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用affect的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填affecting。
13.【解析】考查介詞。句意：許多抑郁癥患者有高度的全身炎癥，這可以直接推動(dòng)大腦進(jìn)入嚴(yán)重抑郁狀態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“有抑郁癥”，所以應(yīng)用介詞with，表示“有”，此處是“with+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)做后置定語，修飾名詞people(人)，故填with。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Tanni was born ___14___ an illness, which made her unable to move her muscles normally. Tanni was interested in sports, but when she ___15___ (grow) up she didn’t see many disabled athletes on television. Then several years later, while watching the London wheelchair marathon, she saw an athlete she knew. She dreamed that she would be on the starting line, ___16___ (compete) in the marathon too. Finally her dream came true. She was not only on the starting line, but also the winner at the finish line. Tanni believes you’ll never know what you can do ___17___ you try.
【答案】14．with 15．was growing 16．competing 17．unless
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了因病不能正?；顒?dòng)肌肉的坦尼，對(duì)體育很感興趣，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想，參加了馬拉松比賽。
14．【解析】考查介詞。句意：坦尼生來就患有疾病，這使她無法正?；顒?dòng)肌肉。根據(jù)句意，空處應(yīng)填介詞with，構(gòu)成短語be born with表示“與生俱來，生而具有”，符合題意。故填with。
15．【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：坦尼對(duì)體育很感興趣，但在她成長(zhǎng)的過程中，她在電視上看不到很多殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員。結(jié)合語境，此處表示“在坦尼成長(zhǎng)的過程中”，表示過去在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語she是第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填was growing。
16．【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她夢(mèng)想自己能站在起跑線上，參加馬拉松比賽。分析句子，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，compete與邏輯主語she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填competing。
17．【解析】考查連詞。句意：坦尼相信，除非你嘗試，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道自己能做什么。分析句子，空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“除非”，應(yīng)用連詞unless。故填unless。
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Naomi Watts, one of Hollywood’s greatest ____18____(star) , was born in England on 28th September, 1968. At seven she ____19____(begin) to follow her mother and her brother around England until in 1982 they settled in Australia where Naomi persuaded her mother to let her take acting classes. After bit parts in commercials, she landed her first role in For Love Alone. Later her part in the film Mulholland Drive showed her strong acting ability, and earned ____20____(she) much respect.
【答案】18．Stars 19．Began 20．her
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了好萊塢影星娜奧米·沃茨。
18．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：娜奧米·沃茨，好萊塢最偉大的明星之一，1968年9月28日出生于英國(guó)。one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“……之一”，用名詞star的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填stars。
19．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：七歲時(shí)，她開始跟隨母親和哥哥在英國(guó)四處流浪，直到1982年他們?cè)诎拇罄麃喍ň酉聛?，在那里，娜奧米說服母親讓她上表演課。根據(jù)“at seven”和“in 1982”可知，此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時(shí)。故填began。
20．考查代詞。句意：后來，她在電影《穆赫蘭道》中的角色展示了她強(qiáng)大的演技，為她贏得了很多尊重?？仗幮杼畲~作earned的賓語，需用賓格形式。故填her。
第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．
A
Arden University
Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. Covering a range of professional subjects in 12 academic fields, Arden University makes UK education accessible and affordable through their creative study platform. Click here to view this school.
University of London International Programmes
We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. As a family of 19 world-class colleges and admired institutes, the University of London has an international reputation for academic distinction in teaching and research. Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. Click here to view this school.
University of York
The University of York is one of the top ten universities in the UK for teaching and research, and is ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. Click here to view this school.
Lloyd’s Maritime Academy
Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. We also offer our best course — the MBA in Shipping&. Logistics. The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. Click here to view this school.
21．Which holds the largest number of students?
A．Arden University. B．University of York.
C．Lloyd's Maritime Academy. D．University of London International Programmes.
22．What can you learn at Lloyd’s Maritime Academy?
A．How to be a training teacher. B．How to be a good programmer.
C．How to be a professional in shipping industry. D．How to be an excellent shipbuilder.
23．What do the four schools have in common?
A．They all offer online courses.
B．They are only accessible to the British.
C．They are all top ten schools in the world.
D．They were all built in the early 20th century
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A
【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了幾所提供網(wǎng)上課程的大學(xué)。
21．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。比較第一段中“They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. (他們支持了5萬多名學(xué)生，同時(shí)堅(jiān)持自己的核心價(jià)值觀，確保所有人都能接受高等教育。)”、第二段中“We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. (我們有6萬多名學(xué)生在全球各地學(xué)習(xí)100多個(gè)不同的課程。)”、第三段中“This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. (這所歷史悠久的大學(xué)由30多個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)部門和研究中心組成，擁有13000名學(xué)生，2010年被評(píng)為泰晤士高等教育大學(xué)。)”和第四段中“The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. (這些遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的持續(xù)實(shí)力使我們的課程招收了6 000多名學(xué)生。)”學(xué)生數(shù)目可知，University of London International Programmes有6萬多學(xué)生，是人數(shù)最多的。故選D項(xiàng)。
22．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. (課程選擇包括流行和公認(rèn)的海事測(cè)量、船舶管理和海商法文憑。)”可知，在Lloyd’s Maritime Academy可以了解如何成為航運(yùn)業(yè)的專業(yè)人士。故選C項(xiàng)。
23．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. (雅頓大學(xué)在倫敦、曼徹斯特、伯明翰和德國(guó)柏林設(shè)有體育學(xué)習(xí)中心，并為英國(guó)和世界各地的國(guó)際學(xué)生提供高質(zhì)量的在線學(xué)士和碩士學(xué)位課程。)”、第二段中“Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. (我們的全球足跡和靈活的學(xué)習(xí)方法使學(xué)生可以在任何地方學(xué)習(xí)。)”及“Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. (我們的學(xué)生獲得了國(guó)際公認(rèn)的資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，與那些在大學(xué)就讀的學(xué)生完全相同。)”、第三段中“Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. (大多數(shù)遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)課程的設(shè)計(jì)是為了滿足專業(yè)發(fā)展的需要，并反映了在線學(xué)習(xí)在這一背景下的好處。)”和第四段中“Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. (從短期的在線證書課程到完全認(rèn)可的文憑和研究生文憑學(xué)習(xí)選項(xiàng)，都有不同的認(rèn)證級(jí)別。)”可知，它們都提供在線課程。故選A項(xiàng)。
B
When most people think of the word, “brand”, they think of the Nike Swoosh, Ford “blue oval,” McDonalds Golden Arches, or the “State Farm is There” jingle. They know what theywill get with a wellbranded product or service as promised. Think of Volvo, for instance, and your first thoughts are probably something like “well built, comfortable, Swedish” and, most of all, “safety”.
So a brand is a lot more than a logo, icon, or slogan. Catchy as it may sound, it isn’t the “brand” in the true sense—and it certainly isn’t what makes the brand valuable.A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value. Also, it’s the feeling the company conveys to its stakeholders. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value.To illustrate it, here are some brand promises from three highly successful, world-wide brands:The NFL: “To be the premier sports and entertainment brand that brings people together, connecting them socially and emotionally like no other.”Coca-Cola: “To inspire moments of optimism and uplift.”VirginAtlantic: “To be genuine, fun, contemporary, and different in everything we do at a reasonable price.”
Interesting. In none of the above cases does the brand promise describe what these companies do or provide. The NFL’s brand promise says nothing about football. Coca-Cola doesn’t talk about providing the best soft drinks in the world. And Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.
Of course, a promise is nowhere near enough. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work combined can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光澤) of what I call “me” appeal, showing my personal appetite. Apple has that patina. All of this can lead to sub-brands, like iPhone and iPad which acquire the glory of the parent brand.
Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. It is called the Penny Arcade that turns depositing your coins into a fun game in which you can even win prizes. Years ago, Dime Savings Bank in New York had a small dime(十分硬幣) carrier. It was given to kids and then they’d fill up its 50 slots (投幣口) with a dime in each one and bring it to exchange for a $5 bill.
24．What can we know from the first 2 paragraphs?
A．People tend to believe in top brands because they deliverwhat is promised.
B．Well branded Swedish products are of good quality but more costly than others.
C．Well branded products are faced with great challenges of quality currently.
D．A company shouldn’t care about logos because they can’t make the brand valuable.
25．In the author’s opinion, a brand promise is ___________.
A．thecontract between a company and the people who interact with it
B．the only way to build and maintain a great brand’s value
C．a(chǎn) description of what a company actually does for its consumers
D．a(chǎn)n important factor contributing to the success of a brand
26．According to the passage, what isprobably “Virgin Atlantic”?
A．A financial company. B．A high-tech software product.
C．An airline company. D．An entertainment product.
27．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Buying a certain brand says nothing about the person who buys it.
B．Little things can mean a lot and make a brand memorable.
C．Sub-brands are relatively easy to build and generate huge profits.
D．Dime Savings Bank’s dime carriers are difficult for kids to operate.
【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。當(dāng)大多數(shù)人想到“品牌”這個(gè)詞時(shí)，他們想到的是耐克的標(biāo)志，福特的“藍(lán)色橢圓”。文章告訴我們“小事情可以意味著很多，讓一個(gè)品牌令人難忘?！?br /> 24．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised.第二段中A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value.可知，從第二段我們知道“人們傾向于相信頂級(jí)品牌，因?yàn)樗麄儍冬F(xiàn)了承諾。”故選A。
25．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. 筆者認(rèn)為，品牌承諾是一個(gè)品牌成功的重要因素。故選D。
26．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.根據(jù)文章，“Virgin Atlantic”可能是“一個(gè)航空公司?！惫蔬xC。
27．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things.從這篇文章可以推斷出“小事情可以意味著很多，讓一個(gè)品牌令人難忘?！惫蔬xB。
C
Plastic—Eating Worm
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that ends up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms(幼蟲).???

Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蠟螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯), which accounts for 40% of plastics.
That is to say, part of plastics can be consumed by this kind of worms. The team left 100 wax worms on a plastic shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology.
Federica Bertocchini, co—author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic." Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon—carbon bond, is there as well," she explains. "The wax worm developed a method or system to break this bond."
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help make use of the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
28．What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They can consume plastics.
C．They end up in landfills.
D．They are new creatures.
29．According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.
A．prove the research findings
B．discover other kinds of worms
C．increase the breakdown speed
D．find out the source of the enzyme
30．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
31．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To propose new means to keep eco—balance.
B．To present a way to break down plastics.
C．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
D．To explain a study method on worms.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B
【解析】本文是說明文，作者介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：一種吃塑料的蟲子—大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，從而為人們解決塑料污染問題提供新的途徑。
28．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蠟螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英國(guó)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大蠟蛾的蠕蟲可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。)可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟蠕蟲能夠分解塑料，顯然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，與B項(xiàng)的 “消耗塑料”吻合，故選B項(xiàng)。
29．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?” (DeBruyn說，下一步將是確定酶的來源。它是蠕蟲本身產(chǎn)生的酶還是它的腸道微生物產(chǎn)生的酶? )可知，接下來人們需要證實(shí)的是酶是從哪里產(chǎn)生的，D項(xiàng)“查明酶的來源”與此吻合。故選D項(xiàng)。
30．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."” (但她希望在某種工業(yè)過程中使用這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地“把數(shù)百萬只蟲子扔在塑料上”)可推知，研究人員期望在某種工業(yè)流程中使用這種化學(xué)制品，而不僅僅是把數(shù)百萬的蟲子扔到塑料上。這與選項(xiàng)D中提到的 “今后工廠可能生產(chǎn)這種化學(xué)制品”吻合，故選D項(xiàng)。
31．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蠟螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英國(guó)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大蠟蛾的蠕蟲可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯)可知，作者通過本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為了人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。故選C項(xiàng)。
D
The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比關(guān)系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直覺的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how requently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病學(xué)家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深遠(yuǎn)的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
32．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
33．Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6?
A．To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B．To stress the importance of tracking diseases.
C．To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D．To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
34．Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law?
A．Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.
B．Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.
C．Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,
D．City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
【答案】32．D 33．D 34．A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述一項(xiàng)新研究，利用簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)定律預(yù)測(cè)全球城市旅行模式，并介紹該定律的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
32．【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. (這種深刻的統(tǒng)計(jì)模式的一種解釋是，行走需要時(shí)間和精力，而人們的資源有限。)”可知，人們的資源、時(shí)間和精力有限，所以人們要使他們的一天達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最優(yōu)化”與make the most of意義一致，故選D。
33．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病學(xué)家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow. (許多研究人員使用“重力模型”來估計(jì)旅行，該模型假設(shè)城市之間的移動(dòng)與其人口規(guī)模成比例的。但這些模型沒有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行。這些信息在處理疾病傳播時(shí)尤其重要。流行病學(xué)家Sam Scarpino表示，基于這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)，可能會(huì)更好地跟蹤這種流動(dòng)。)”可知，本段主要說明“重力模型”的缺點(diǎn)，它沒有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行，會(huì)對(duì)處理疾病傳播有影響。第五段“Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher. (地理學(xué)家和移動(dòng)性研究員Kathleen Stewart說：“了解這些模式不僅對(duì)于規(guī)劃新購(gòu)物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且對(duì)于模擬城市內(nèi)的疾病傳播也很重要。”)”說明了平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravity models是為了展現(xiàn)重力模型的缺點(diǎn)及平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故選D。
34．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately. (在一個(gè)較小的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，許多人經(jīng)常去同一家雜貨店，隨著病毒席卷整個(gè)社區(qū)，整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)將經(jīng)歷急劇的感染高峰。他解釋說：“但在一個(gè)更大的城市，傳播需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，因?yàn)樾⌒土餍胁】梢暂p微地、單獨(dú)地發(fā)生在每個(gè)社區(qū)?！?”可知，病毒在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的傳播速度比在大城市傳播的速度快，故選A。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)．
How Culture Affects Cuisine
It probably happened to you: You ate this incredible dessert in Turkey, you tried this fantastic dish in Spain, and you brought the recipe back home — just to feel the disappointment that what you cooked at home didn’t pass the taste test.
It’s likely that groceries have different qualities in different countries. In the case of the United States and Europe this has very little to do with soil or climate. ____35____ Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans. It comes down to culture.
Europeans often value quality more than quantity. Of course you will find out-of-season produce on the shelves of grocery stores as well. ___36___ Europeans especially are willing to give up short-term gain for a much greater long-term result.
Take, for example, Italians produce dry-cured ham (干腌火腿) only during the waning moon that follows the full moon and it is practiced to this day. According to old farmer’s lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn’t cured by the moon. ____37____
However, Americans believe in progress and the benefits of technology. It becomes clear why following tradition doesn’t have to be a strong value. Food for U.S. consumers is produced and shipped across the country. ____38____ The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. The population growth calls for higher quantities. Farmers and growers are paid for the amount, not for the flavor.
____39____ European cultures are rather regional, and this means food traditions have remained undamaged in fairly small areas. Within these regions and communities people often shop locally from regional producers. And they shop more frequently than Americans. Europeans often go to the local market daily whereas millions of shoppers in the U.S. purchase one or two weeks’ supply of groceries in one single visit to the big box store.
All these consumer choices, based on cultural behaviors, have had a lasting impact on how our food is grown and what it tastes like.
A．Geography plays another role here.
B．Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.
C．However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.
D．This great interest in culinary (烹飪的) tradition is a cultural feature.
E．The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.
F．Food provides the world with one of the only ways to universally communicate.
G．Often our culinary preferences have an effect on the vacation destinations we choose.
【答案】35．E 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文化是如何影響菜品烹飪的。
35．【解析】根據(jù)后文“Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans.(與大多數(shù)歐洲人相比，美國(guó)消費(fèi)者對(duì)貨品有其他偏好)”中的“preferences”可知，美國(guó)人和歐洲人的選擇不同，即E項(xiàng)“The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.(各地制作出的口味不同的主要原因在于選擇)”所表達(dá)的含義。故選E。
36．【解析】C項(xiàng)“However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.(然而，他們國(guó)家對(duì)更好質(zhì)量的需求更大)”中的“better quality”與前文“Europeans often value quality more than quantity.(歐洲人通常重視質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量)”中的“quality”呼應(yīng)。故選C。
37．【解析】根據(jù)前文“According to old farmer’s lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn’t cured by the moon.(根據(jù)這位老農(nóng)的傳說，如果不在月光下腌制，肉可能會(huì)變質(zhì))”可知，D項(xiàng)“This great interest in culinary (烹飪的) tradition is a cultural feature.(這種對(duì)烹飪傳統(tǒng)的濃厚興趣是一種文化特征)”中的“tradition”呼應(yīng)了“l(fā)ore”，同時(shí)呼應(yīng)了后文中的“tradition”。故選D。
38．【解析】根據(jù)后文“The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce.(食品生產(chǎn)的工業(yè)化激發(fā)了新的產(chǎn)物)”可知，B項(xiàng)“Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.(冷藏設(shè)備使得食物儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)成為可能)”中的“Refrigeration”就是基于食品生產(chǎn)工業(yè)化的新產(chǎn)物。故選B。
39．【解析】后文“European cultures are rather regional(歐洲文化是相當(dāng)?shù)赜蛐缘? ”中的“regional”呼應(yīng)了A項(xiàng)“Geography plays another role here.(地理環(huán)境也起著作用)”中的“Geography”，說明地理也是一個(gè)影響因素。故選A。
第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）
第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.
Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持續(xù)的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.
Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop. then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.
If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimising waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.
40．What are refill shops?
41．According to the passage, what is the most important value of refill shopping?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because driving to these shops can cost monev.
43．In reality, refill shops have not won much popularity yet. What do you think might be the possible reason(s)?(In about 40 words)
【答案】40．Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
41．The most important value of refill shopping is that it cncourages us to think about our consumer habits.
42．According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
43．言之有理即可。
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了零浪費(fèi)商店為環(huán)保所做出的努力。
40．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.(零浪費(fèi)商店往往規(guī)模較小，出售非包裝商品的獨(dú)立商店。)”可知，零浪費(fèi)商店是出售非包裝商品的小型獨(dú)立商店。故答案為Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
41【解析】．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits.(或許，在本地零浪費(fèi)商店購(gòu)物最重要的方面是，它們鼓勵(lì)我們思考自己的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。)”可知，零浪費(fèi)購(gòu)物最重要的價(jià)值在于它鼓勵(lì)我們?nèi)ニ伎嘉覀兊南M(fèi)習(xí)慣。故答案為The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
42．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community.(零浪費(fèi)商店通常位于社區(qū)。很明顯，在步行距離內(nèi)購(gòu)買更可持續(xù)，對(duì)地球和你的社區(qū)更友善。)”可知，零浪費(fèi)商店建在社區(qū)內(nèi)步行，因?yàn)椴叫腥ド痰晔黔h(huán)保的。故答案為According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
43．【解析】開放題。本題是分析零浪費(fèi)商店還沒有贏得多少人氣的原因。言之有理即可。參考答案為Refill shops have not won much popularity yet, because the goods which refill shops sell are not rich enough and can't meet customer's demands. It may not be convenient for some elderly people to shop in such stores.
第二節(jié)（20分）
你校將組織主題為"Going Green"的系列活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你為校廣播站寫一篇英語廣播稿，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動(dòng)目的：
2. 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容
3. 希望參加。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 首句和尾句已為你寫好。
All the students, attention, please!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
【答案】All the students, attention, please!
With the intention of protecting the environment, our school will launch a campaign themed“Going Green" this month.
We are expected to take an active part in it. Planting trees on the hill near our school is available at the weekend, which is apparently a way to make a greener environment. Moreover, it's suggested that we should travel to and from school by public transport or by bike instead of driving, which makes it possible for us to save energy. Of course, we are supposed to save water, paper and electricity in proper ways.
Hope all of us can participate actively. By doing these, not only can we make a greener world, but it can also make our school life more colorful. Please take action right away!
That's all. Thank you!

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