?沖刺2022年高考英語之名校閱讀理解試題跟蹤練(通用版)07
閱讀理解議論文30篇1
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（2022·北京西城·一模）One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this.
“Why isn’t my kid playing?”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:
“They’re just not good enough.”
“He/she just isn’t fast enough.”
“He/she just isn’t strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at, and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.
It’s awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who arc more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
1. What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean?
A. Impatient. B. Annoying. C. Direct. D. Serious.
2. The author believes that ______.
A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B. people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
3. What probably motivated the author to write this passage?
A. Coaches’ mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B. Parents’ unrealistic views of kids’ playing time.
C. Children’s ignorance of the meaning of sports and life,
D. The public’s doubts about why kids need to play sports.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要就父母對于孩子不參與游戲的錯誤觀點發(fā)表了自己的看法，作者認為，孩子在生活中應該學會如何面對拒絕，不應該以為父母的抱怨就能為自己在場上爭得一席之地。
1. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”.(他們非常善于隱瞞你我認為的“真相”)”可知，好的教練善于隱瞞真相，即不會那么直接。故畫線詞意思是“直接的”。A. Impatient.無耐心的；B. Annoying.煩人的；C. Direct.直接的；D. Serious.嚴肅的。故選C。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.(今天，有太多的孩子生活在一個永遠不會說“不”的世界里。他們不知道如何處理失望和失敗。他們也不知道當他們沒有得到自己的方式時，該如何反應和繼續(xù)前進)”以及倒數(shù)第三段中“But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.(但沒有人能在生活中不受傷害，即使身體上不受傷害。當這些孩子在生活中繼續(xù)前行時，他們會在申請大學時被拒絕，得不到他們想要的工作，并在多個方面嘗到失敗和失望的滋味)”可知，作者認為，孩子在生活中應該學會如何面對拒絕。故選A。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.(在青少年體育運動中，許多“不惜一切代價取勝”的教練的愚蠢與高中階段“孩子必須參與”的父母的愚蠢完全一致)”結合文章主要就父母對于孩子不參與游戲的錯誤觀點發(fā)表了自己的看法，作者認為，孩子在生活中應該學會如何面對拒絕，不應該以為父母的抱怨就能為自己在場上爭得一席之地?？赏浦髡邔戇@篇文章的動機可能是父母對孩子玩耍時間的不現(xiàn)實的看法。故選B。
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（2022·天津和平·一模）Many years ago, I bumped into an old friend of mine. He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad.
I thought of his dogged (頑強的) perseverance. Was it smart or foolish? What could he have achieved? Had he quit his dream of acting and moved on? Our culture does not look kindly upon quitting. Failure is perfectly acceptable as long as it eventually results in success.
We chant (反復喊著) “Winners never quit” and “If at first you don’t succeed, try again. ” We lap up (欣然接受) stories of persistence, of the author who submitted stories for years before her novels were published or of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics.
Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published. For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (無數(shù)的) others who trained every day of their lives and never made the cut.
We all agree that doing the same things and expecting a different result is unwise. So why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good idea? We consider quitting in the face of failure to be weak. We believe that perseverance is the key to success. Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.
Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you “believe”. But not everyone can make it. Quitting when you’ re not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do. Obviously, if you enjoy a pursuit, regardless of its outcome, you should continue. If you knew your novel would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still train? Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.
Failure is not always the path to success. Sometimes, failure is the door to something new.
4. What do we know about the author’s old friend?
A. He was dissatisfied with his acting performance.
B. He switched his dream of acting to something else.
C. He failed in acting because of a lack of persistence.
D. He failed in all attempts to become a successful actor.
5. The author mentioned JK Rowling mainly to ______.
A. explain how she achieved success in writing
B. show that success doesn’t happen to everyone
C. prove that success favors those who are perseverant
D. encourage readers to hold onto their dream until they succeed
6. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in paragraph 4?
A. Made out of their dreams.
B. Met the required standard.
C. Improved their performances.
D. Promised to be good players.
7. What does the author advise us to do if we’ve failed many times?
A. Make an effort to try new things.
B. Stick to your goal until we succeed.
C. Wait for the right time and good luck.
D. Ask friends or family members for help.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward perseverance?
A. It makes anything possible.
B. It is not necessary for success.
C. It is not the only part of success.
D. It works well regards of outcome.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是當屢試屢敗的時候放棄，轉向其他事物也是明智的。
4. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad.(他把一生都獻給了表演，但從未獲得過成功。在他的中年，他似乎失敗和悲傷。)”可知，作者的老朋友想成為一名成功的演員的一切努力都失敗了。故選D。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published.(堅持會得到成功的回報，但這并不會回報每一個人。對于每一個JK羅琳來說，都有成千上萬的有抱負的作家永遠無法出版自己的作品。)”可知，作者提到JK羅琳主要是表明成功是不會發(fā)生在每個人身上的，故選B。
6. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person.(堅持會得到成功的回報，但這并不會回報每一個人。)”和“For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (無數(shù)的) others who trained every day of their lives and never(對于每一個奧林匹克運動員來說，都有無數(shù)的人每天訓練，卻從不)”可知，本段主要講的是不是每個人都會成功，因此劃線短語所在句子的意思是“雖然無數(shù)的奧林匹克運動員每天訓練，但是卻不成功”，也就是不一定會達到奧會員的標準，劃線短語的意思是“符合要求的標準”，即Met the required standard，故選B。
7. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Quitting when you’ re not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do.(當你沒有領先的時候放棄有時候是最聰明的做法。)”和“Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.(有時候，把你的精力放在其他事情上是明智的。)”可知，如果我們失敗了很多次，作者建議我們努力嘗試新事物。故選A。
8. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.(堅持不懈只是成功的一部分。你需要天賦或技能，以及激情和動力。運氣和時機也是任何偉大成功的關鍵。)”可知，作者對堅持不懈的態(tài)度是堅持不懈不是成功的唯一的一部分，還需要天賦或技能，激情和動力以及運氣和時機，故選C。
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（2022·上海市第二中學模擬預測）Koko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around. Her trainer and long-term companion, Penny Patterson, thought Koko went further still, signing in novel ways and showing complex emotions. According to Ms Patterson, when a cat that Koko loved was killed in an accident, Koko signed: “Cat, cry, have-sorry, Koko-love.” When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (訃告) mourned the gorilla who had “mastered American sign language.”
Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages. Sign languages have complex grammars, equivalent to spoken tongues in expressiveness. Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko “must have meant,” and explaining away random signs. It was hard to be sure: Ms Patterson preferred speaking to journalists over sharing her video and raw data about Koko with fellow researchers.
There is no doubt that animals communicate. Animals from one region can share sounds that differ from groups in another, leading researchers to talk of animal “dialects.” Then there are the remarkable achievements of Koko and her primate predecessors, including a chimp delightfully named Nim Chimpsky. Yet there is an important distinction between communication and language. Take the misleading term “body language.” It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. This wildly overstretches an old study which found that most emotional messaging — as opposed to the propositional kind — comes from tone and body language, especially when a neutral word such as “maybe” was used. But try conveying a fact like “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.
Nim Chimpsky’s near-namesake, Noam Chomsky, has argued that people have a kind of “universal grammar”, and that all humankind’s languages are mere variations on a theme. Mr Chomsky has changed his mind repeatedly on what constitutes the core of human language, but one obvious candidate is syntax — rules, not just words, which allow the construction of a huge variety of meaningful utterances (所說的話). This capacity may even be infinite. Any statement in English, for example, can be made longer by adding “He said that …” at the beginning. This property is called recursion: a simple statement (“It’s cold”) is embedded in a more complicated one (“He said that it’s cold”). Human syntax also allows for hypotheticals (“If she hadn’t arrived …”), talking precisely about events distant from the present, and so much more.
That gorillas lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead observers into thinking she possessed language.
9. Which statement about KOKO the gorilla is true?
A. Koko’s ability was similar to a fluent human signer.
B. Koko could ask for food using sign language.
C. Koko was able to show complex feelings using sign language.
D. Koko was killed in an accident.
10. The underlined word in paragraph two is closest in meaning to “______.”
A. approval B. bias C. opposition D. evidence
11. Linguists and sign language experts doubted Koko’s mastery of American sign language because ______.
A. Koko was not as expressive as a human signer
B. Koko seldom needed an interpreter
C. Koko was able to communicate with journalists
D. Koko failed to speak several animal “dialects”
12. Which of the following statements would the author probably disagree with?
A. Humans can express past events using language while apes cannot.
B. Tone and body language play a dominant role in human communication.
C. Words enable humans to convey clear meanings.
D. Gorillas are still magnificent in terms of their ability to communicate.
13. Which might be the best title for the article?
A. Nim Chimpsky and Noam Chomsky — Who Has the Upper Hand?
B. Syntax — What Separates Humans and Apes.
C. Koko the Gorilla — A Magnificent Communicator.
D. Great Apes — Language and Communication Are Not the Same Thing.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章對大猩猩Koko是否真正掌握美國手語這個問題，語言學家和手語專家提出了強烈反對意見，他們指出：動物是會交流的。 但是，溝通和語言之間有一個重要的區(qū)別。作者認為對于人類來說，語言更能做出清晰的陳述、提問和命令。
9. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Koko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around.(大猩猩科科知道超過1000種基于美國手語的手語，并利用它們做從索要食物到開玩笑的一切事情。)”可知，Koko通過美國手語可以作一切事情，包括索要食物。故選B項。
10. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (訃告) mourned the gorilla who had ‘mastered American sign language.’(科科上個月去世時，她的一些訃告哀悼了這只‘掌握了美國手語’的大猩猩。)”，劃線詞所在句子“Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages.(然后，來自語言學家和手語專家的backlash出現(xiàn)了)”，根據(jù)下文“Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko ‘must have meant,’ and explaining away random signs. (有人指出，科科的能力遠遠達不到流利的人類手語。此外，帕特森還是她的翻譯，這一角色讓人不禁質疑，她在多大程度上推斷了koko‘一定意味著什么’，并通過解釋消除隨機的信號。)”可知，下文都是對Koko能力的質疑聲，語言學家和手語專家強力反對訃告上的關于Koko能力的陳述。所以劃線詞backlash意為“強烈反對”。A.approval批準，贊成；B.bias偏見，成見；C.opposition（強烈的）反對，反抗；D.evidence證據(jù)，證詞。backlash與C項意思相近，故選C項。
11. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. (有人指出，Koko的能力遠遠達不到流利的人類手語)”可知，語言學家和手語專家懷疑科科對美國手語的掌握程度是因為科科的手語還不能像人類手語者那么流利。故選A項。
12. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Take the misleading term ‘body language.’ It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. .... But try conveying a fact like ‘It will rain on Tuesday’ with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.(以具有誤導性的‘肢體語言’為例。有時人們聲稱，語言只傳達了7%的意思，其余的都是肢體語言和語調?！窃囍妹济磉_一個事實，比如‘周二會下雨’，那么區(qū)別就會很明顯了。語言允許清晰的陳述、提問和命令。)”可知，作者對于“聲調和肢體語言在人類交際中起著主導作用”這一說法持反對意見。故選B項。
13. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章以一個會用美國手語交流的大猩猩引出話題，引發(fā)語言學家和手語專家對Koko和她的靈長類祖先，包括一個叫Nim Chimpsky的大猩猩的交流能力提出質疑。作者引用了Noam Chomsky的理論來否定大猩猩已經掌握了美國手語的說法。在大猩猩Koko是否流利掌握了美國手語這個問題上，文章中出現(xiàn)了兩派，A項“Nim Chimpsky and Noam Chomsky — Who Has the Upper Hand?(尼姆·猩姆斯基和諾姆·喬姆斯基——誰占了上風?)”比較貼合文章主旨內容，適合作為文章標題。故選A項。
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（2022·海南·模擬預測）Our screens give out all kinds of light, especially blue light. Blue light, the argument goes, can affect your eye health, your sleeping patterns, and your health. Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses”—filter out blue light, letting in the other wavelengths of light, thus theoretically reducing the danger that blue light presents. Blue light glasses are designed to reduce what’s known as digital eye strain (疲勞), or DES. There are many symptoms associated with DES, including headaches, dry eyes, and unclear vision.
How effective are blue light glasses? We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens. In fact, one British glasses dealer was actually fined for indicating that blue light glasses can protect against DES, given that there’s no scientific evidence of this. What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens, and it has been decidedly proved that DES isn’t associated with the sun at all. The general agreement is that DES is caused by spending too long, staring too hard, and sitting too close to our screens. Health experts generally recommend taking breaks to prevent DES, rather than relying on blue light glasses.
But there is one thing that blue light glasses might help with. Some studies have indicated that blue light can be bad for our circadian rhythms (生理節(jié)奏). In other words, exposure to blue light could make it harder to fall asleep. There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.
That said, there are interesting reports of people loving their blue light glasses. Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰劑) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing it.
14. What does the underlined part “filter out” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Appear or happen gradually. B. Remove something particular.
C. Bring something into existence. D. Tell something apart from others.
15. What is DES likely caused by?
A. The blinding sun light. B. Unfit and cheap glasses.
C. Improper use of eyes. D. All kinds of natural blue light.
16. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about blue light glasses?
A. They may be good for sleep. B. They can excite people.
C. They can help with nothing. D. They are bad for circadian rhythms.
17. What is the author’s attitude to blue light glasses?
A. Intolerant. B. Optimistic.
C. Objective. D. Conservative.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是防藍光眼鏡對緩解數(shù)字屏幕造成的眼睛疲勞是否真的有用。
14. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語前面的“Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses””(藍光眼鏡——嚴格來說，它們應該被稱為“藍光阻擋眼鏡”)”和劃線短語后面的“l(fā)etting in the other wavelengths of light(讓其他波長的光進入)”可知，藍光眼鏡可以過濾掉藍光，因此劃線短語意為“過濾”。故選B。
15. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens(更有可能的是DES是由過度使用或誤用眼睛引起的。畢竟，太陽提供的藍光比我們的屏幕要強大得多)”可知，數(shù)字眼疲勞是由使用屏幕時錯誤的用眼習慣造成的。故選C。
16. 主旨大意題。通讀第三段內容且根據(jù)第三段的“There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.(還沒有足夠的研究來證明睡前戴上幾個小時的藍光眼鏡是否能幫助你睡得更好，但這不是不可能的。)”可知，本段主要講述藍光眼鏡可能會對睡眠有幫助。故選A。
17. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens.(我們先從壞消息說起:沒有證據(jù)表明藍光眼鏡對數(shù)字屏幕造成的眼睛疲勞有任何影響。)”及最后一段的“Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰劑) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing it.(即使只是安慰劑效應，那也會非常有效，如果對你有效，那就堅持下去。)”可知，作者既陳述了藍光眼鏡可能真的沒什么用，但是也認為如果自己覺得有用也可以繼續(xù)戴，因此作者對于藍光眼鏡持客觀的態(tài)度。故選C。
5
（2022·廣東·汕頭市聿懷中學模擬預測）Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development on its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
Nonetheless, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
18. Individual integrity has been valued in society because ______.
A. it helps develop philosophy B. it is crucial to social relations
C. it is the basis of critical thinking D. it ensures people’s particular roles
19. The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. strengthening B. assessing
C. influencing D. destroying
20. What does the author believe according to the passage?
A. Individual integrity relies on what one has faith in.
B. The pursuit of individual integrity changes with time.
C. The nature of society is decided by economic development.
D. Social structures guide the formation of individual integrity.
21. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
CP: Central Point??????????P: Point????????????Sp: Sub-point?????????????C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了誠信對個人和社會的重要性以及社會對個人誠信的影響。
18. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.”（個人誠信對社會至關重要，它使人們能夠利用自己的批判性反思能力，不強迫人們扮演特定角色，也不鼓勵個人背叛彼此）可知，個人誠信對社會是至關重要的，故選B。
19. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的“By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects,”可知，相反，如果生活在社會中的人是腐敗的，就會有不良的影響，進而危害社會的健康道德，由此可知，劃線詞詞義為“危害、破壞”，故選D。
20. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development on its members.”（另一方面，一個社會可以有利于個人誠信的發(fā)展。社會期望并要求誠信。一個由誠信的人和從不在原則上妥協(xié)的人組成的社會，可能會在其成員的個人發(fā)展上留下積極的印記）可知，社會結構引導個人誠信的形成，故選D。
21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句“Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right.”（誠信是誠實和堅強的品質并讓你堅持你認為是正確的東西）；第一段“Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.”（個人誠信對社會至關重要，它使人們能夠利用自己的批判性反思能力，不強迫人們扮演特定角色，也不鼓勵個人背叛彼此）；第二段“Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society.”（個人誠信可以振奮整個社會的精神）；第三段“On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.”（另一方面，社會可能有利于個人誠信的發(fā)展）；第四段“Nonetheless, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity.”（盡管如此，一些社會結構對于一些追求誠信的人來說是錯誤的）以及最后一段“Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society.”（在任何情況下，我們都不能低估一個人的誠信在社會中的重要性）可知文章是總分總的結構展開的，即：文章第一句話總說，第一、二、三、四段從兩方面分說（一、二段是個人誠信影響社會的分論點；三、四段是社會影響誠信的分論點），最后一段是結論，故選A。
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（2022·江蘇連云港·二模）In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky,a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries.
Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown(樹冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.
Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（纏繞）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.
When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals,and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (護城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.
Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.
22. What is “crown shyness”?
A. A crown with channel-like gaps.
B. A forest with umbrella-shaped crowns.
C. A behavior that trees give each other space.
D. A phenomenon that trees compete for space.
23. How does the author develop Paragraph 3?
A. By telling a story.
B. By giving an example.
C. By defining a concept.
D. By making a comparison.
24. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The effects of ignoring boundaries.
B. The meaning of taking responsibilities.
C. The importance of setting personal boundaries.
D. The methods of managing individual resources.
25. What is the author’s attitude to marking out a boundary?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Conservative.
【答案與解析】本文是議論文。文章主要講述人與人之間要建立界限。
22. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“You might find that the crown(樹冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.”(你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)王冠就像一把令人窒息的傘，在樹頂之間有溝壑狀的縫隙。自20世紀20年代以來，這種現(xiàn)象在世界范圍內都有記錄，被稱為“王冠性羞怯”。當樹木互相給予空間時就會發(fā)生這種情況。)可知，“crown shyness”是樹木在生長過程中的相互給與對方空間的行為。故選C。
23. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（纏繞）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.”(即使當樹木緊密地生長在一起時，它們也表現(xiàn)出對生物的尊重和好處?！耙鸦椤钡臉渚褪沁@樣——一棵樹與一棵抗病樹纏結在一起，它就分享了它的朋友的優(yōu)勢。保持健康的邊界有助于樹木保持良好的健康，管理資源和保護整個森林。)可知，這一段通過用“已婚”的樹做例子來證明即使當樹木緊密地生長在一起時，它們也表現(xiàn)出對生物的尊重和好處。故選B。
24. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals, and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (護城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.”(當人類不尊重界限時，個人的情感和物質資源，以及社區(qū)都會受到影響。在這個意義上，邊界是一個概念上的邊界。它有助于建立你的結束和其他人的開始。這意味著只對自己的情緒和行為負責，而不是別人的。你可以把你的邊界想象成城堡周圍的護城河，有一座吊橋可以升降。作為你城堡的守門人，你決定誰進來，什么時候進來。)可知，這一段主要陳述建立邊界的重要性體現(xiàn)。故選C。
25. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.”(當然，劃清界限需要時間，有些人可能會對你做的任何改變感到不滿。然而，在你和世界其他地方之間建立一條清晰的界線，對于建立自我價值和自我照顧是必不可少的，這些都是你在人際關系中處于最佳狀態(tài)所必需的。)可知，作者對于人與人之間劃清界限是支持的態(tài)度。故選A。
7
2022·北京房山·一模）There should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the influence of media is growing stronger and stronger as time passes. If you have noticed, the speed at which news travels around the world has become faster with the development and advancement in technology Media are actually influencing people in different ways.
Whether you admit it or not, watching movies and programs on the television or our laptop. ipad and other mobile devices as we relax takes us away into this different kingdom—that is, there are parts in our being that feels we are the ones in the movie and sometimes we even feel what they are feeling as we get caught in the emotional excitement. The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.
With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. There are cartoon programs that show acts of violence and dishonest acts against others. In return, children tend to copy the characters and think that cheating other people is a way to deal with their problems. They learn to transfer these ill behaviors to friends.
There are some television shows and movies that attempt to create an atmosphere to change the view of people towards social issues such as racial discrimination. In the minds of other people, the effect can be for the better, but some unfortunately for the worse.
There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress. There was also a case where somebody set a subway ticket booth on fire because he saw it in his favorite film. These are just a few examples of the disturbing influence of media on people’s behavior.
An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality. They get caught up in the kingdom of what they had been watching and the images and scenes become deeply rooted in their minds.
So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it.
26. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. What it is that changes our emotion.
B. How media affect people's behavior.
C. Why we are attracted by movies and programs.
D. Whether people feel being taken away from the reality.
27. According to the author, some people act badly because________.
A. they are just the violent people
B. they hope to solve social problems
C. they actually can’t tell fantasy from reality
D. they want to change people’s attitudes towards media
28. What’s the author’s attitude towards media?
A. Sympathetic. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Cautious.
29. The author supports his ideas mainly by________.
A. making contrasts and giving examples
B. listing facts and giving research results
C. raising problems and providing solutions
D. showing facts and presenting explanations
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了隨著科技的發(fā)展，媒體正在各個方面影響著人們。文中列舉了好多人們因為媒體而產生的一些不利于社會的行為，并給出了解釋，因為媒體影響，人們無法區(qū)分幻想與現(xiàn)實，唯一的解決方式就是人們不再看電視，不再接觸媒體。
26. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.（當電影或者節(jié)目結束時，媒體的效應也沒有停止。并且這種效應也就是人們行為發(fā)生變化的原因。）”可知，本句放在段末，總結上文媒體對人類的影響的解釋，故本段主要講人們看電視時所產生的媒體效應，這種效應也改變了人們的行為，故B項“媒體是如何影響人們行為”符合本段大意，故選B。
27. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第6段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（產生這些不良行為的解釋之一就是，這些人無法區(qū)分幻想與現(xiàn)實。）”可知，一些人行為惡劣，是因為他們無法區(qū)分幻想與現(xiàn)實，故選C。
28. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences.（因此，媒體在很大程度上要為給人們錯誤的想法和不健康的圖片負責，這導致了對他人的不當行為，并可能在個人之間創(chuàng)造一個危險的循環(huán)，因為他們試圖對別人做同樣的事情，甚至更糟糕的事情。可悲的現(xiàn)實是，沒有人關掉電視或脫離這些影響。）”可知，作者認為媒體帶來了人們不正當?shù)男袨?，?chuàng)造了危險的社會環(huán)境，故他對媒體的態(tài)度是批評的，故選B。
29. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第3、段列舉了“With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. (在動作片中，孩子們傾向于追隨電影中的英雄，結果他們參與暴力行為，認為這是可以接受的，因為他的英雄最終成功了。)”一些孩子們模仿電視里面的暴力行為并改變了對于社會問題的態(tài)度，和第5段“There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress.（曾經有一些例子，年輕人模仿他們最喜歡的演員酒駕。）；There was also a case…(曾經有一個案例……); These are just a few examples…(有幾個例子……)”以及第6段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（產生這些壞行為的解釋之一就是，這些人無法分清幻想與現(xiàn)實。）”可知，文章作者是通過“列事實和解釋”來支撐他的觀點的。故選D。
8
（2022·廣東廣州·一模）Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
30. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
31. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
32. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A. Favorable B. Tolerant C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
33. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. But should we fix the climate?
B. Is climate change a real problem?
C. How can we take care of the earth?
D. What if all the glaciers disappeared?
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是幾位科學家對控制氣候變化的論述。
30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.(當他回來檢查結果時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)它起作用了。裸露的冰比覆蓋的冰融化得更快。他不僅在短時間內拯救了兩英尺的冰川。沒有關閉燃煤電廠，沒有失業(yè)，沒有人被征稅或解雇。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Jason Box的實驗目的是報道一項拯救冰川的成功實驗。故選C。
31. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.(他們花了5萬美元買了一架“把塑料運到冰川”的直升機。這個實驗給了人們錯誤的希望，認為氣候變化可以在不改變人類行為的情況下得到解決。它不能?？萍疾粫屛覀兇畋丬嚒?”可知，拉爾夫·金最可能同意技術并不是最終的解決方案，更不用說其高昂的成本了。故選B。
32. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后 一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will (按照我們自己的意愿阻止結冰，聽起來有些不對勁。)”可知Grey Childs對人類控制氣候的態(tài)度是懷疑的，故選C。
33. 主旨大意題。第一段的“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. (幾年前，來自俄亥俄州的科學家賈森·博克斯(Jason Box)將31卷巨大的白色塑料飛到了格陵蘭島的一座冰川上。他和他的團隊把它們鋪在一萬英尺的冰面上，然后離開。)”引出控制氣候變化的極端例子，之后列舉不同的科學家對于控制氣候的觀點，最后一段“Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge. (我嗎?我更喜歡地球自己照顧自己的時候，我想有一天我們將不得不管理這個地方，但此刻，坐在我的辦公桌前，看著樹木瘋狂地彎曲，風咆哮著，我很高興自己不再是負責人。)”作者提出更喜歡地球自己照料自己，也即反對人類控制氣候，因此本文主要講的是人類是否應該控制氣候，因此A選項“But should we fix the climate? (但是我們應該解決氣候問題嗎？)”可概括本文主要內容，可作為最好的題目，故選A。
9
（2022·江蘇·一模）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (機器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (給予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.
Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected?
Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (檢索數(shù)據(jù)) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans.
An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.
Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老練的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (賦予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.
In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.
34. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph?
A. To remind readers of the importance of robots.
B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.
C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.
D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots.
35. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Robots should be legally and morally protected.
B. There is possible information risk.
C. Humans are doing harm to robots.
D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment.
36. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable.
C. Negative. D. Uncaring.
37. What’s the structure of the passage?
(①=Para. 1???????②=Para. 2??????③=Para. 3??????④=Para. 4??????⑤=Para. ⑥=Para. 6)
A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥
C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。隨著機器人越來越類人化，我們很多時候不能再把機器人僅僅看作機器，因此文章論述了應該賦予機器人人權的理由。
34. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.（鑒于這種現(xiàn)象，我認為有必要考慮給予機器人人類享有的某些權利）”結合下文陳述應該給與機器人人權的原因推知，上文提到星球大戰(zhàn)中機器人救機器人以及現(xiàn)實生活中的機器人Sophia的例子是為了讓讀者思考一個關于機器人的問題。故選C。
35. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的主要內容，尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans.（機器人也應該得到法律和道德保護，因為傷害機器人可能與傷害人類相似）”可知，本段主要陳述機器人應該受到法律和道德的保護。故選A。
36. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (賦予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.（然而，隨著技術的進步，機器人完全擬人化只是時間問題， 我們必須考慮賦予他們權利）”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.（總之，決定機器人是否應該享有人權并不是一件容易的事，但現(xiàn)在是開始對話的時候了，并認真考慮這種可能性）”推知，作者對給與機器人人權持支持態(tài)度。故選B。
37. 推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段提出本文話題——考慮給機器人人權，第二到第五段陳述為什么要給機器人人權，最后一個自然段總結全文。因此文章的結構是①—②③④⑤—⑥。故選A。
10
（2022·天津經濟技術開發(fā)區(qū)第一中學二模）Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.

For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.
The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.
But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs ￡194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.
The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.
38. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?
A. Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth.
B. Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden.
C. Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses.
D. The supervision of the state makes child care professional.
39. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ___________.
A. the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams
B. the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001
C. anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools
D. the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders
40. The high price of child care __________.
A. prevents mothers from getting employed
B. may further depress the national economy
C. makes many families live on benefits
D. is far more than parents can afford
41. What is the author’s attitude towards the professionalization of child care?
A. Objective. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Biased.
42. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
A. The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price.
B. The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs.
C. The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular.
D. Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要談論了兒童保育的職業(yè)化推高了它的價格。
38. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.(考慮到糟糕的開端可能會破壞一個人以后成功的機會，國家對嬰兒和幼兒的照顧方式進行了越來越密切的干預。檢查人員會去那些照看小孩的托兒所和家中去檢查；三歲的孩子遵循國家課程安排。幼兒看護越來越成為一種職業(yè)。)”可知，國家的監(jiān)督使兒童保育變得職業(yè)化了，選項D是正確的。故選D項。
39. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.(由大學畢業(yè)生組成的托兒所往往被檢查人員評為最高等級，這增加了它們對最挑剔的父母的吸引力。因此，更多的畢業(yè)生正在被錄用。)”可知，越來越多的人認識到這一點，鼓勵了更多的畢業(yè)生從事兒童保育員的工作。故選D項。
40. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. (托兒費用不僅高得嚇人，而且已經成為工作的障礙。上臺后不久，聯(lián)合政府就承諾要確保人們有工作比依靠福利過得更好，但慈善機構Save the Children最近的一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，高昂的日托費用使得四分之一的低收入工人在成家后無法重返工作崗位。)”可知，高昂的兒童保育費用阻止了部分母親的就業(yè)。故選A項。
41. 推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. (考慮到糟糕的開端可能會破壞一個人以后成功的機會，國家對嬰兒和幼兒的照顧方式進行了越來越密切的干預。)”以及第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但職業(yè)化也推高了兒童保育的費用，甚至在經濟蕭條時期也不起作用。)”可以推知，作者客觀地談論了兒童保育工作的職業(yè)化，既提到了兒童保育的職業(yè)化有利于兒童未來發(fā)展，也提到了它帶來的弊端，所以作者對兒童保育的職業(yè)化的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A項。
42. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Child care has increasingly become a profession. (兒童保育越來越成為一種職業(yè)。)”和第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但職業(yè)化也推高了兒童保育的費用，甚至在經濟蕭條時期也不起作用。)”可知，本文主要談論了兒童保育的職業(yè)化推高了它的價格。選項A符合主題，適合做標題。故選A項。
11
（2022·北京石景山·一模）Psychologists tell us our self-image defines what we believe we can and cannot do. Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are. Because self-image is so important in our growth, it is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.
Changing our self-image is possible: Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones. In many experiments, people were asked to sit quietly for a few minutes each day and imagine themselves doing well. For instance, subjects would sit and imagine themselves throwing darts at a bull’s-eye on a target. Over a period of weeks, their dart game improved. This has been done with people who wanted to play chess better, throw a ball more accurately increase their salesmanship or musical talents, and improve many other skills. In most cases, remarkable improvement is made.
The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real. To try to become something we really aren’t is just as wrong as living the unrealistic, inferior image we may have. The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential. However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. We’re usually better than we think we are.
Another important part of changing self-image is to not think about past mistakes.Don’t let failures do harm. Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning. It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them. Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty or embarrassed about them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
It is important to have realistic expectations of ourselves. Some of our dissatisfaction might come from expecting too much of ourselves. If we demand constant perfection in everything we do, we can be disappointed and our poor self- image will continue. If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed from the start.
43. Which situation agrees with the idea of the passage?
A. To outshine his colleagues, Joe sets an idealistic goal.
B. To get along with her classmates, Doris always humbles herself.
C. To become a star player, Alex repeatedly plays back his faults in his mind.
D. To win a speech contest, Tina visualizes herself speaking more confidently.
44. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?
A. To confirm the effect of changing self-image.
B. To clarify the principle of changing self-image.
C. To propose a new view on changing self-image.
D. To stress the importance of changing self-image.
45. According to the author, how should we regard our past mistakes?
A. They are part of our growth.
B. They are warnings for future.
C. They are tools for overcoming fear.
D. They are barriers to our development.
46. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. We Are What???We Do
B. Be the Best We Can Be
C. We Are What???We Think We Are
D. What We Are Decides What We Think
【答案與解析】本文為一篇議論文，文章論述了自我形象的重要性，并介紹了幾種改變自我形象的方法。
43. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段關鍵句“Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones.”（一些心理學家建議，我們可以通過在心理上想象自己在某些任務中的出色表現(xiàn)來開始改變自我形象。因為我們現(xiàn)在對事物的反應是基于我們現(xiàn)在的圖像，所以有人建議我們用更好的圖像來代替那些圖像。）可知，D選項“為了贏得演講比賽，蒂娜想象自己說話更自信?！狈媳径蚊枋龅母淖冏晕倚蜗蟮姆椒?。故選D項。
44. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段關鍵句“The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real.”（改變自我形象的關鍵不是建立一個不真實的自我形象。）及“The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential.”（我們的目標是找到真正的自我，使我們心中的自我形象符合我們真正的潛力。）及全段內容可知，文章第三段的目的是為了闡明改變自我形象的原則。故選B項。
45. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段關鍵句“Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning.It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them.”（我們的錯誤或對錯誤的羞辱是學習的必要步驟。犯錯誤是正常的。但是當他們告訴我們我們做錯了什么，我們應該忘記它們，而不是停留在它們上面。）可知，對于過去的錯誤，我們應該接受，它們是我們成長的一部分。故選A項。
46. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段關鍵句“Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are.”（多年來，我們每個人都建立了對自己的信念：在不知不覺中，我們對自己的印象是由過去的經歷形成的。我們的成功和失敗，別人告訴我們的，以及我們認為別人對我們的看法，都有助于形成我們認為自己是什么的印象。）及下文描述改變自我形象的幾種方法，可知，本文論述了自我形象的重要性，且表明自我形象可以通過自己的認知改變，同時介紹了幾種改變自我形象的方式，C選項“We Are What We Think We Are”（我們認為自己是什么，我們就是什么）適合作為本文最佳標題。故選C項。
12
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）When “irregardless” was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements. “Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-constant use since 1795, when a newspaper called The Charleston City Gazelle of Charleston Ga first used it. “We do not make the English language, and we merely record it,” the dictionary’s staff wrote in “Words of the Week”.
The word’s definition, when we read it, would seem to be without regard. However, Merriam-Webster defines “irregardless” as “nonstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless”. According to Merriam-Webster, “Many people find ‘irregardless’ to be a ridiculous word, as the ir-prefix usually indicates negative meaning; however, in this case it appears to make the meaning of ‘regardless’ stronger.”
“It’s not a real word. I don’t care what the dictionary says.” responds author Michelle Ray, who teaches English in Silver Spring, Md. And she says she’s still planning to mark “irregardless” as incorrect on her students’ work.
An American newspaper the Baltimore Sun published the word in editor John McIntyre’s commentary on Saturday: “‘Irregardless’ is too a word; you just don’t understand dictionaries. People get upset about the dictionary because they think it is some sort of official document. But actually, it’s not. It’s just lexicographers identifying words that people use and trying to find out how they are spelled, how they are pronounced, what meanings they have and where they came from.”
“The dictionary’s recognition doesn’t enroll a word as correct in the English language,” McIntyre says. “It just says this is a word that a lot of people use in English. And here’s what we know about it.” So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.
47. What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A. To criticize the use of “irregardless”. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To make a definition of “irregardless”. D. To give an example.
48. What can we learn from the passage?
A. “Irregardless” had been in widespread and near-constant use before 1975.
B. The dictionary’s staff rarely record the English language.
C. Michelle Ray thinks the use of “irregardless” formal but incorrect.
D. People are still not encouraged to use “irregardless” in formal writing.
49. What is the attitude of McIntyre to the appearance of “irregardless” in Merriam-Webster dictionary?
A. Favorable. B. Conservative.
C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
50. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. “Irregardless” Is Frequently Used in Formal Writing
B. “Irregardless” Shouldn’t Be Included in the Dictionary
C. Regardless of What You Think, “Irregardless” Is a Word
D. Experts Can’t Agree on the Meaning of “Irregardless”
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了“irregardless”一詞被收錄進韋氏詞典在社會上引起了廣泛的爭議，irregardless這個單詞的起源，韋氏詞典對其的解釋以及人們對此的不同看法。
47. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“When ‘irregardless’ was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements. (當irregardless一詞被收錄進韋氏詞典在社會上引起了廣泛的爭議)”可知，本文就此爭議展開講述，故第一段的作用是引出了本文主要討論的主題。故選B。
48. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話“So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.(因此，它是一個單詞，但并不鼓勵在書面正式語中使用它)”可知，該詞不被鼓勵在正式書面語中使用。故選D。
49. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“ ‘Irregardless’ is too a word; you just don’t understand dictionaries.(Irregardless也是個單詞，只是你不懂得字典)”和最后一段中的第一句“The dictionary’s recognition doesn’t enroll a word as correct in the English language.(字典的認知并沒有將一個單登記為正確的)”可推知，McIntyre認為它的確是個單詞，只是我們對字典不夠理解，故McIntyre對irregardless一詞被收錄進韋氏詞典這一事情是支持的。故選A。
50. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，盡管irregardless一詞被收錄進韋氏詞典引起了廣泛的爭議，但根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing. (因此它是一個單詞，只是在正式書面你表達中并不鼓勵使用這個單詞)”可知，C選項“不管你怎么想，‘irregardless’就是算一個單詞”最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
13
（2022·寧夏·銀川一中一模）I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法學) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (類似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
51. What is the author’s course goal for her students?
A. Thinking critically. B. Reading deeply.
C. Designing studies well. D. Questioning themselves.
52. What did Sayers imply about education?
A. It was boring. B. It was worrying.
C. It was conventional. D. It was useless.
53. What does the underlined word “distortions” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Popular news. B. Various evaluations.
C. Persuasive arguments. D. Misleading information.
54. Why does the author write the text?
A. To review a book. B. To introduce a writer.
C. To suggest a practical skill. D. To criticize social media.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了人們應該學會批判性思考。
51. 推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’”(每學期，一名（如果不是更多的話）學生都會告訴我這門課程對他/她有何影響：“我過去只是讀文章，相信他們說的話，但現(xiàn)在我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問‘這是真的嗎？他們怎么知道的？這是一項精心設計的研究嗎？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (為了抵制媒體不斷用歪曲的事實轟炸我們，并且能夠提出一個有說服力的論點，我們必須能夠很好地推理，仔細地思考和作出判斷)”可知，第一段學生說的話表明，學生聽完老師的課，學會對所讀文章進行反思，質疑文章的真實性等，結合第三段作者建議人們仔細地思考再作出判斷，說明批判性思考正是作者想讓學生在她的課上學到的。故選A項。
52. 推理判斷題。由第二段中的“By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通過教我們的年輕男女閱讀，我們讓他們聽任印刷文字的擺布。通過電影和收音機的發(fā)明，我們已經確定，對閱讀的厭惡不會保護他們免受文字、文字、文字的不斷沖擊。他們不知道文字的含義：他們情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers認為教育讓年輕男女聽任印刷文字的擺布，他們情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成為文字的主人，說明當時的教育狀況是令人擔憂的。故選B項。
53. 詞句猜測題。由第二段中的“By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence. (通過電影和收音機的發(fā)明，我們已經確定，對閱讀的厭惡不會保護他們免受文字、文字、文字的不斷沖擊。他們不知道文字的含義：他們情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (為了抵制媒體不斷用distortions轟炸我們，并且能夠提出一個有說服力的論點，我們必須能夠很好地推理，仔細地思考和作出判斷)”可知，在媒體信息下，不知道文字含義的人們容易成為文字的受害者，作者建議人們仔細地思考再作出判斷，才能提出一個有說服力的論點，說明媒體給人們提供了“誤導性信息（Misleading information）”，因此人們需要批判性思考信息是對是錯，distortions意為“Misleading information”。故選D項。
54. 推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’”(每學期，一名（如果不是更多的話）學生都會告訴我這門課程對他/她有何影響：“我過去只是讀文章，相信他們說的話，但現(xiàn)在我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問‘這是真的嗎？他們怎么知道的？這是一項精心設計的研究嗎？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (為了抵制媒體不斷用歪曲的事實轟炸我們，并且能夠提出一個有說服力的論點，我們必須能夠很好地推理，仔細地思考和作出判斷)”可知，第一段學生說的話表明，學生聽完老師的課，學會對所讀文章進行反思，質疑文章的真實性等，結合第三段作者建議人們仔細地思考再作出判斷，說明作者想讓學生在她的課上學到批判性思考，再結合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities. (然而，在課程結束時，他們對新獲得的能力感到興奮)”呼應第一段的內容可知，作者的寫作目的在于建議讀者掌握一項實用的技能——批判性思考。故選C項。
14
（2022·天津·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life’s problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes. from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal(基座)built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it’s dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席檢察官) in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor (叛徒) for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this “role model”, or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can’t just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
55. Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because ________.
A. he was not good enough to be a role model
B. he broke fundamental principles in life
C. he doubted the perfection of some sports figures
D. he thought sports figures could have weaknesses
56. According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?
A. Because we shouldn’t waste time imitating public figures.
B. Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.
C. Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.
D. Because we may let go of our own moral standards.
57. From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was ________.
A. unfairly criticized due to being female
B. the first female attorney general in the US
C. less qualified than the public had expected
D. a role model for women seeking elected office
58. Which of the following statements is true?
A. It’s foolish for us to expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection.
B. It is a waste of time having heroes.
C. Kathleen Kane had to resign office because of messing things up.
D. Public figures have the heroic character that ordinary people don’t have.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Be Our Representatives for Perfection
B. Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C. Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures
D. Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章作者主要討論了公眾人物的影響，并讓我們對公眾人物不要有不切實際的期望。
55. 細節(jié)理解題。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle???(幾年前，查爾斯·巴克利因為提出體育人物不需要成為榜樣的觀點而惹上了很多麻煩。成千上萬的球迷和專業(yè)記者對這一基本原則的攻擊感到憤怒 )”可知，許多人對查爾斯·巴克利感到憤怒，主要是因為他的言論違背了生活中的基本原則。故選B項。
56. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north. (這種英雄崇拜的危險在于，它使被崇拜的對象和盲目崇拜的人都失去了人性。這就是巴克利的觀點，并不是說我們應該給公眾人物錯誤的通行證，而是說我們不應該放棄自己的道德指南針，并通過它們尋找真正的北方。)”可推知，巴克利認為把公眾人物當作英雄是危險的，因為我們可能會放棄自己的道德標準。故選D項。
57. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席檢察官) in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. (最近在我參加的一個電視節(jié)目中，討論轉向了凱瑟琳·凱恩。有人認為，賓夕法尼亞州第一位女性司法部長真的把事情搞砸了，這可能會給尋求當選公職的女性帶來不幸的后果。)”可推知，凱思琳·凱恩作為第一位女性司法部長沒有公眾預期的那么合格。故選C項。
58. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.(問題不在于我們指望這些人在脫下制服后能做到完美。而是我們希望任何人能成為我們完美的代表。這太蠢了，而且這會讓我們其它人變得懶惰)”可知，指望任何人能成為我們完美的代表是愚蠢的。故選A項。
59. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我們不再試圖通過許多人看起來和聽起來都跟我們一樣的公眾人物的成就來生活，我們就能學會如何識別那些我們可能真正了解的人的英雄性格，以及我們自己的英雄潛力。或者，也許，誠實地接受我們平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章作者主要討論了公眾人物的影響，并讓我們對公眾人物不要有不切實際的期望。所以“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures (我們對公眾人物不切實際的期望)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選C項。
15
（2022·河北唐山·一模）“Mirror,mirror on the wall.Who's the prettiest of them all?”Everyone is. Including you.No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.
The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?
“You're attractive if you have 8 to 10 teeth showing when you smile.”
“Apparently， this filter （濾鏡） shows how good your eyebrows look.”
“Use this effect to adjust the size of your features.”
We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval. As a result, we look at the huge number of views on these posts and think following these trends is the right thing to do. So we hurriedly download the filters or rush to the mirror to pretend to smile broadly and curiously count our teeth.
Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful. And I'm sure there are plenty of others who do, too.
TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size.
It's the way your eyes light up when talking about your favorite book or the way you take care of your sad friend that makes you beautiful. As we age and grow wrinkles, it's the things we did that we'll be remembered for, not what we looked like 20years ago. Trust me, no one's actually counting and committing to memory how many teeth are in your smile.
60. Why is the famous line from a story used at the beginning of the passage?
A. To remind readers of the magic mirror.
B. To make the beginning understandable.
C. To introduce the author's beauty attitude.
D. To display popular belief towards TikTok.
61. Why do we follow the beauty trends according to the passage?
A. To get acceptance. B. To satisfy curiosity.
C. To put on more posts. D. To create a better self.
62. What is beautiful according to the author?
A. Scars from a bar fighting. B. Dark circles from playing games.
C. Eyebrows shown through the filter. D. A lame leg from saving a child in a fire.
63. What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. Worrying Future for TikTok Followers. B. Unique Beauty Standards on TikTok.
C. Harmful TikTok Beauty Trends. D. Dangerous TikTok Platform.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。“鏡子，墻上的鏡子。誰是最漂亮的?”每個人都是，包括你。不管TikTok的美容趨勢想讓你相信什么。作者通過一句耳熟能詳?shù)呐_詞引出自己對于美的看法：自信，勇敢，善良，積極…，你就是美的。
60. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyone is. Including you. No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.( 每個人都是。包括你。不管抖音的美容趨勢想讓你相信什么)”可知，這就是作者自己對于“誰是最美的人”的答案，是作者自己對于美的態(tài)度，不要跟風某平臺某博主，相信自己最美。所以說作者引用那句故事臺詞的目的就是引出自己對于美的看法。故選C項。
61. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段首句“We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval.( 我們天生就有隨波逐流以獲得認可的傾向)”可知，作者認為，我們生來有從眾心理是為了得到他人認可。A項get acceptance與gain approval意思一致。故選A項。
62. 推理判斷題，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful.( 幾代人以來，媒體一直保持著西方的審美標準，卻沒有考慮到不同的文化和國家有自己的審美標準。你可能不相信，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)黑眼圈(證明你一直努力工作到深夜)和傷疤(證明你從戰(zhàn)斗中幸存下來)是美麗的)”可知，作者認為，你奮斗拼搏，你善良勇敢，你愛國愛人民，不論你外表怎樣，你就是最美的。據(jù)此可知，雖然你腿瘸了，可是你是英勇冒死從大火中救出孩子而受傷，在作者看來那你就是最美的。A項容易誤選，酒吧打架造成的傷疤和文章中在前線英勇戰(zhàn)斗留下的傷疤不是一回事兒。故選D項。
63. 主旨大意題。第一段作者闡述了自己對美的態(tài)度。第二段“The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?(這個流行的視頻分享平臺無需介紹。世界上任何人都可以創(chuàng)造任何東西，并將其發(fā)布到廣泛的平臺上。但是，當越來越多吹毛求疵的內容—-尤其是關于人們的外貌的內容——被創(chuàng)造出來時，又會發(fā)生什么呢)”質疑抖音網(wǎng)絡平臺上很多人分享的內容是對人的外貌吹毛求疵，追求外表的人造美，對社會導向是錯誤的；倒數(shù)第二段“TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size. ( TikTok的美標準是根據(jù)鼻子、額頭或嘴唇的大小將人們分成不同的組。他們以貌取人。事實上，人是一個完整的個體，比起額頭的大小，他們有更有趣的特質)”也指出了這些網(wǎng)絡視頻中的審美是負面影響的，并指出了正確的審美觀。自信，勇敢，善良，積極…，就是美的。綜上，作者在擔心抖音平臺的審美趨勢所帶來的負面影響。C項內容符合文章主旨。故選C項。
16
（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中一模）Many people count on faster, cheaper and better technology to offer a vision of a brighter future. Nevertheless, as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making matters worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy (零工經濟) may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles.
Today’s pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents. And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.
However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that Luddite (反對技術進步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate, and come up with good answers. So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.
64. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by new technologies?
A. Endless hacking. B. Network viruses.
C. Convenient communication. D. Leaking privacy.
65. Which word can best describe Romantics’ concern over industrialization?
A. Negative. B. Uncertain. C. Sympathetic. D. Enthusiastic.
66. What might be a result of a “technology trap”?
A. A lack of good jobs in the job market.
B. An increase in the number of Luddites.
C. A decrease in the number of skilled workers.
D. An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.
67. What can we know from the passage?
A. Man is blessed to live in the 2020s with high tech advancing fast despite some drawbacks.
B. All the people object to the progress technology brings because it harms our civilization.
C. The 2020s is the Age of Technology and mankind is suffering a lot due to its influence.
D. Humans completely depend on our future caretakers—robots.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是科技所帶來的悲觀情緒。
64. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy.(社交媒體本應把人們聚在一起，但它們更出名的是泄露隱私)”可知，新技術引起的問題是泄露隱私。故選D。
65. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.(工業(yè)化在19世紀受到了浪漫主義者的批評，他們擔心技術工人的更替，農村的掠奪和工廠工人的痛苦)”可知，浪漫主義者對工業(yè)化的擔憂是消極否定的，故選A。
66. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use.(人們擔心機器人會搶走人們的工作，因此不愿使用它們)”可推斷出，人們不愿用新技術，可得出“技術陷阱”的結果可能是一項新技術進步的中斷。故選D。
67. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.(因此，隨著十年的交替，暫時把悲觀情緒放在一邊。活在癡迷科技的21世紀20年代，是有史以來最幸運的人之一)”可知，盡管科技會帶來一些缺點，但人類有幸生活在高科技快速發(fā)展的21世紀20年代。故選A。
17
（2022·廣東廣州·二模）If you happen to flip through TV channels, you’re likely to come across a commercial for a new vitamin or supplement (保健品) designed to improve your health. These pills often promise the world, claiming to cure baldness or fight overweight. But in the medical community, there’s some debate on whether these products provide any actual benefits.
Many people begin their day by popping a multi-vitamin. These pills are supposed to effortlessly provide our bodies with vitamins in case we have missed them in our meals. It seems to be a no-brainer that everyone should take one.However, a 2006 study by the Agency for Healthcare Research, concluded that multi-vitamins have zero effect on reducing a person’s chances of getting cancer or heart disease. The only people multi-vitamins benefited were those in poverty-stricken nations who lacked nutrition. In2009, a related study by the Hutchinson Cancer Research Center came to a similar conclusion.
Antioxidants are another supplement that is promoted to improve health and prevent aging. Antioxidants in vitamins A, C, and E are supposed to greatly reduce cellular damage. Yet, in a study involving over 180,000 adults, those who took these vitamins actually increased their risks of dying by 16 percent.
One likely cause for these negative results is that people who eat healthy diets and take vitamins are probably getting too many nutrients, which can be poisonous. Then why are these supplements being promoted? Many experts blame the health industry because supplements aren’t as highly inspected as they should be. What’s worse, vitamin makers aren’t required to list negative side effects like medicines do. In many cases, it can even be difficult for the U.S.’s Federal Drug Agency (FDA) to ban risky ingredients due to lengthy and expensive legal battles. On the other hand, after these studies were made public, people continued buying more vitamins than ever. It seems that no matter what evidence is presented, the majority of people aren’t ready to give upon a magic pill just yet.
68. What does the first paragraph suggest about vitamins?
A. They are advertised very heavily.
B. They are healthy and beneficial.
C. They have never helped anyone ever.
D. They are welcomed in the medical community.
69. What does the underlined word “no-brainer” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Foolish decision. B. Obvious truth.
C. Small possibility. D. First option.
70. What can vitamin pills actually help?
A. To reduce cellular damage.
B. To prevent people from aging.
C. To reduce risk of getting cancer.
D. To benefit people with poor nutrition.
71. According to the author, what has caused the problems with vitamins?
A. FDA doesn’t ban risky ingredients.
B. Vitamin makers do not list side effects.
C. The health industry fails to inspect enough.
D. People turn a blind eye to the research findings.
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了關于維生素的一些爭論。
68. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“If you happen to flip through TV channels, you’re likely to come across a commercial for a new vitamin or supplement???designed to improve your health.(如果你碰巧瀏覽電視頻道，你很可能會看到一種旨在改善你健康的新維生素或補品的廣告。)”可知，維生素他們做了大量的廣告。故選A。
69. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“These pills are supposed to effortlessly provide our bodies with vitamins in case we have missed them in our meals.(這些藥片被認為可以毫不費力地為我們的身體提供維生素，以防我們在吃飯時錯過了它們。)”可知，所以每個人都應該服用維生素，這似乎是顯而易見的真理。所以no-brainer為“顯而易見的真理”之意。故選B。
70. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The only people multi-vitamins benefited were those in poverty-stricken nations who lacked nutrition.(唯一受益于復合維生素的人是那些貧困國家缺乏營養(yǎng)的人。)”可知，維生素片的作用是使營養(yǎng)不良的人受益。故選D。
71. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“On the other hand, after these studies were made public, people continued buying more vitamins than ever. It seems that no matter what evidence is presented, the majority of people aren’t ready to give upon a magic pill just yet. (另一方面，在這些研究公開之后，人們繼續(xù)購買比以往更多的維生素?？磥?，無論提出什么樣的證據(jù)，大多數(shù)人都還沒有準備好放棄這種神奇的藥丸。)”可推斷，作者認為是人們對研究結果視而不見導致了維生素的問題。故選D。
18
（2022·山東淄博·一模）What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive (認知) intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI).
Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.
But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences — one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent. suggesting that a high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.
Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic (共鳴) toward others.
All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills.
72. People with book smarts tend to___________.
A. debate with other people B. deal with various situations
C. be outstanding in academic research D. be good at gaining real life experience
73. Why does the author mention the data in paragraph3?
A. To indicate the strictness of hiring process.
B. To prove the priority of emotional intelligence.
C. To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests
D. To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.
74. What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Evaluating how others feel. B. One’s extreme behaviors.
C. One’s academic performance D. Controlling others’ emotions.
75. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Does Book Smart Matter B. Is CI or EI More Important?
C. What Counts Most in Life? D. Mental Health or Physical Health?
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章討論了一個問題，決定人成功的究竟是智商還是情商。最終得出了智商和情商都在人的成功上發(fā)揮很重要的作用。但人的成功不僅僅是這兩個因素決定的，同時還有很多其他方面的因素。
72. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement.(認知智力仍然被認為是成功的重要因素，尤其是在學術成就方面)”可知，讀書聰明的人往往在學術研究方面表現(xiàn)突出。故選C項。
73. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.(根據(jù)一項對招聘經理的調查，幾乎75%的應答者表示，他們更重視員工的情緒智力，而不是他的認知智力)”可以推知，作者在第三段提到數(shù)據(jù)是為了證明情商的重要性。故選B項。
74. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic (共鳴) toward others. (情商包括品格教育、教學策略建模積極行為，鼓勵人們去思考別人的感受，和他人產生共鳴)”可知，關于情商我們能學到評估別人的感受。故選A項。
75. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street smarts? (在決定人生成功的過程中，哪一個更重要——書本知識還是街頭智慧？)”以及最后一段“Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas.(認知智力和情緒智力在整體成功，以及衛(wèi)生、健康和幸福中都發(fā)揮著作用。與其關注哪些因素具有優(yōu)先影響力，學習提高多個領域的技能才是最有益的)”可知，文章一直在討論情商與智商誰更重要，故選B項。
19
（2022·江西·模擬預測）Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透鏡) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says.
76. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B. The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C. Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D. Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
77. What does the underlined word “jarring” possibly mean?
A. Disturbing. B. Inspiring.
C. Exciting. D. Disgusting.
78. According to Jackson, a romantic partner is different from friends in that___________.
A. friends are much harder to get than a romantic partner
B. your romantic partner will be apart from you but friends never
C. you are more afraid of losing a friend than losing a romantic partner
D. you are sure who will be your friend but not sure of a romantic partner
79. Which of the following proverbs can best interpret Kristen Newton's opinion in the text?
A. All good things came to an end.
B. A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
C. We don't know what we've got until we lose it.
D. Everything is good when new, but friend when old.
【答案與解析】本文是議論文。文章主要講述有關朋友和友誼的看法。
76. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的緩慢的轉變，由意見不合造成的突然的巨大的距離，或者是許多關系在疫情期間漸漸地分開，失去某個你認為在你人生中會永遠在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives(但是友誼的破裂在我們的人生中是會發(fā)生的)”可知，這篇文章主要講述失去朋友，失去友誼在人生中是常有的事情。故選B。
77. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)這句話“l(fā)osing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(失去某個你認為在你人生中會永遠在的人是很jarring)”可知，jarring是形容詞，表示失去某個你認為在你人生中會永遠在的人的時候的心情，所以應該是令人意外，不安等情緒，和A選項意思一致。故選A。
78. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“With a partner, we wonder if they' re going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.(和一個情侶在一起，我們想知道他是否是我們想要的那一個。但是和朋友，我們從確定彼此喜歡的那一刻起，我們就假定他們是我們的另一半)”可知，在Jackson看來，我們確定誰是我們的朋友，但不確定誰是我們的浪漫情侶。故選D。
79. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment.(然而，當他們不行的時候，我們認識到他們的分量，并且我們體會到那份傷害和失望)”可知，Kristen Newton認為，直到我們失去時，我們才知道我們曾得到過什么。故選C。
20
（2022·廣東汕頭·一模）Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.
Some may say that a banana peel out of your car along the motorway would be a harmless action. Actually, they are wrong. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an amazing 500 per cent.
It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent f500 million on keeping the streets clean. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a ￡20,000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.
To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.
80. Which of the following is easiest to decompose comparatively?
A. An orange peel. B. A plastic bag.
C. An aluminium can. D. A glass bottle.
81. What can we know from Para.3?
A. Annual littering has increased a little in UK since the 1960s.
B. Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment.
C. Cigarette-related litter is a severe environmental problem in UK.
D. Regular littering has caused the UK’s mouse population to reach 60 million.
82. Which of the following can best describe UK’s punishment on littering according to Para.4?
A. Every little helps. B. A drop in the bucket.
C. No pains, no gains. D. More haste, less speed.
83. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Rubbish collection, an urgent task. B. Environment issue, a big concern.
C. Littering, a surprisingly big issue. D. Long-lasting material, a hidden danger.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。主要討論了亂扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我們想象的更緊迫。
80. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading???term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.”（桔皮和煙頭的生物降解作用與香蕉相似，但錫和鋁罐可以保存100年，塑料瓶可以保存到永遠，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，桔子皮相比較其他三種東西更容易分解。故選A項。
81. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day.”（盡管更持久的材料會對環(huán)境和動物造成更長久的破壞，但我們不能僅僅通過它的壽命來衡量某種垃圾的嚴重程度。例如，盡管香煙的生物降解時間很短，但英國每天仍有超過120噸與香煙有關的垃圾被丟棄。）可知，在英國，與香煙有關的垃圾是一個嚴重的環(huán)境問題。ABD項均與原文實意不符。故選C項。
82. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.”（然而，不管處罰看起來多么嚴厲，在報告的82.5萬件案件中，只有2000件被處罰，因此，在確保人們遵守規(guī)則方面還有一段路要走。）可知，關于在垃圾上的處罰是遠遠不夠的。結合選項意思A“每一點都是有幫助的”、B“滄海一粟，九牛一毛”、C“沒有付出就沒有收獲”、D“欲速則不達”可知與B項意思符合。故選B項。
83. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.”（與我們每天聽到的顯而易見的環(huán)境問題相比，亂扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我們想象的更緊迫。）以及最后一段“To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.”（為了奪回我們美麗的城市，我們需要做的不僅僅是不把垃圾留在不該在的地方。我們需要更多地關心我們周圍的世界。）可知，文章主要講的是亂扔垃圾是一個驚人的大問題。故選C項。
（2022·河南·溫縣第一高級中學一模）Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential(機密的). The means of transferring this information is often done through emails, letters, notice boards, and even with the help of social media like Skype, Zoom, and Google Meet, in the current times.
Honest internal communication is the healthiest way to keep your organization growing. With honesty around the workplace, it is a safer environment for the employees to voice their opinions which could help in the modification of a certain operation that might have been outdated. Other than changes, not opening up to your colleagues can result in frustration and give rise to “gossip culture” at the workplace. When information is not passed out with lucidity, not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company.
An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability. If the CEO of a company voices the shortcomings of his team in a respectful manner, it would bring room for each and every employee to take it on a positive note and bring around the change for the one common goal of development of the company that they are working for. This brings a lot of change in the attitude of every individual employee since they start seeing the company that they are working for as an asset that they cherish (珍愛) dearly.
In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees. The positives should be celebrated while the negatives should be taken as positive criticisms that could help the company grow into something better. The main goal of unity and development should always be kept in mind.
84. Which is considered one main character of IC?
A. It comes with the times of social media.
B. It exists within the leadership of a company.
C. It is often kept secret within an organization.
D. It needs a long and difficult process in most cases.
85. What does the underlined word “l(fā)ucidity” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Clearness. B. Appreciation. C. Authority. D. Assistance.
86. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The main responsibilities of the CEO.
B. The importance of unity for a company.
C. The advantage of a powerful leadership.
D. The role of an honest leadership in a company.
87. What does the author suggest to us in a workplace in the last paragraph?
A. Communicating both the positives and the negatives.
B. Taking responsibilities bravely for our mistakes.
C. Trying all possible means to avoid the negatives.
D. Strengthening unity mainly among the employees.
【答案與解析】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要以內部溝通為話題，講述了其對于公司，個人，領到以及員工的重要意義。誠實的內部溝通是保持組織成長的最健康的方式，誠實的氛圍也鼓勵責任感、領導力和自我責任感的增長，因此，在溝通過程中，應該正確對待信息，無論好壞。
84. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內容“Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential.(內部溝通，也被稱為IC，指的是組織內部負責信息有效傳播的一組過程。 這些信息是對組織有價值的信息，應該保密。)”可知，內部溝通中的信息應該是有價值的，被保密的。由此可知，“在內部溝通中，消息被保密”是其特點之一。故選C項。
85. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company(這不僅會影響工作質量，還會讓人質疑在公司花的時間是否值得)”可知，“When information is not passed out with lucidity”造成的結果并不好，造成這樣的結果應該是內部溝通中的信息沒有得到清楚的傳達。由此可推知，“l(fā)ucidity”應是“清楚；明確”含義，與選項A“Clearness.(清楚明確。)”表達含義一致。故選A項。
86. 主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章第三段內容可知，首句“An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability.(誠實的氛圍也鼓勵責任感、領導力和自我責任感的增長。)”為主旨句，并在后文用公司CEO舉例具體講述了誠實的領導能夠在公司發(fā)揮積極的作用。D項“The role of an honest leadership in a company.(誠實的領導在公司中的作用。)”符合該段主旨。故選D項。
87. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內容“In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees.(在工作場所，事情有好有壞，所以當這種情況發(fā)生時，無論是領導還是員工，欣賞和批評都是很重要的。)”可知，在作者看來，工作中，事情有好有壞，就會有欣賞和批評。由此可推知，作者應是建議在工作中應該誠實地傳達信息，無論好壞，即，同時傳達積極和消極的信息。故選A項。
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（2022·遼寧·東北育才學校模擬預測）Princess culture is less about a princess lifestyle, and more about great-depth of character, serving as a beautiful reminder of worth—whether a girl is a princess or not. In Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, Sara Crewe survived her many tragedies and hardships by remembering “I am a princess. All girls are… even if they aren’t pretty, or smart, or young. They are still princesses.” Whether child or adult, all can benefit from the belief that no matter their circumstances, they always have value—that true self-worth goes beyond appearance or environment and is found deep within. No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.
Spend much time with a four-year-old girl in the U.S and you will likely see some sort of princess play, whether it is dressing up, acting out stories, or playing with princess-themed toys. This particular type of pretend play is very important to children. Lindsey and Colwell found that children who regularly engage(參與)in pretend play have more positive emotions with peers(同齡人), score higher on emotional understanding, and are better at emotional regulation one year later. Research suggests that princess play specifically can lead to rich experiences for children as they expand on the stories of familiar characters.
Princesses also provide examples of “women who rule”, showing women and girls that they can be accepted as the heroines of their own stories and lead with wisdom and maturity(成熟). In other words, princesses inspire potential.
Adults often think of princesses in a negative way someone who is too proud or crazy about their appearance. But in children’s imagination, the word “princess” allows them to think about what they can become. Maybe they won’t save the world, but they will defend their values. Maybe they won’t have the perfect figure, but they can develop the confidence to move beyond appearance.
88. Why does the author mention Sara Crewe in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the definition of princesses.
B. To prove the value of princesses.
C. To tell her painful experiences.
D. To show her determination.
89. How does pretend play benefit children?
A. It makes children get high scores.
B. It helps children get on well with peers.
C. It helps children learn tings easily.
D. It encourages children to understand adults better.
90. Why do adults think negatively of princesses?
A. Children may focus on appearance.
B. Children may like to rule others.
C. Children may be addicted to virtual world.
D. Children may lose interest in communicating with adults.
91. What’s the author’s attitude towards princesses according to the passage?
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain.
C. Positive. D. Disappointed.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章就“公主”文化對人們—尤其是孩子有益展開討論。
88. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“In Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, Sara Crewe survived her many tragedies and hardships by remembering “I am a princess. All girls are… even if they aren’t pretty, or smart, or young. They are still princesses.” Whether child or adult, all can benefit from the belief that no matter their circumstances, they always have value—that true self-worth goes beyond appearance or environment and is found deep within. No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth. （在弗朗西絲·霍奇森·伯內特的《小公主》中，薩拉·克魯憑借回憶‘我是一位公主，所有的女孩都是……即使她們不漂亮，不聰明，也不年輕。她們還是公主?！瘡臒o數(shù)的悲劇和磨難中幸存下來。無論是兒童還是成人，所有人都可以受益于這樣一種信念，即無論他們身處何種環(huán)境，他們都有真正的自我價值超越外表或環(huán)境的價值觀，且深入內心。無論我們的處境多么艱難，‘公主’都鼓勵我們記住自己的價值）”推知，作者提到Sara Crewe的故事是為了證明“公主”無論在什么環(huán)境下都讓人受益的價值。故選B。
89. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Lindsey and Colwell found that children who regularly engage(參與)in pretend play have more positive emotions with peers(同齡人), score higher on emotional understanding, and are better at emotional regulation one year later. （Lindsey和Colwell發(fā)現(xiàn)，經常參與虛擬游戲的孩子與同伴之間有更多的積極情緒，在情感理解方面得分更高，一年后在情感調節(jié)方面也更出色）”可知，虛擬游戲有助于孩子與同伴友好相處。故選B。
90. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Adults often think of princesses in a negative way someone who is too proud or crazy about their appearance. （成年人對‘公主’的看法往往是消極的，認為他們對自己的外表過于驕傲或迷戀）”可知，成年人對“公主”有消極看法，是因為他們認為有這種思想的孩子可能只關注自己的外表。故選A。
91. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.（No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.（無論我們的處境多么艱難，公主們都鼓勵我們記住自己的價值）”，第三段的“In other words, princesses inspire potential.（換句話說，公主激發(fā)潛力）”和最后一段的“But in children’s imagination, the word “princess” allows them to think about what they can become. Maybe they won’t save the world, but they will defend their values. Maybe they won’t have the perfect figure, but they can develop the confidence to move beyond appearance.（但在孩子們的想象中，“公主”這個詞讓他們思考自己能成為什么。也許他們不會拯救世界，但他們會捍衛(wèi)自己的價值觀。也許他們不會擁有完美的身材，但他們可以培養(yǎng)出超越外表的自信）”推知，作者對“公主”的態(tài)度是積極正面的。故選C。
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（2022·河南洛陽·一模）Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (處理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personal credentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “l(fā)ocked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.
Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (節(jié)儉的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.
The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.
92. How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?
A. They can warn people of risks.
B. They can remind people of mistakes.
C. They can reduce psychological pain.
D. They can make life convenient.
93. What’s the second reason the author tells to support his idea?
A. The risk of cheat. B. The inconvenience.
C. The lack of safety. D. The desire to purchase.
94. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Going Against the Cashless Wave B. Going Completely Cashless Is True
C. Stopping Moving towards Cashless D. We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer
95. The passage is mainly developed by ________.
A. giving examples B. analyzing causes
C. making introductions D. examining differences
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了作者反對無現(xiàn)金社會的原因。
92. 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat.(事實上，無現(xiàn)金支付已經在一定程度上緩解了這種痛苦)”可知，無現(xiàn)金支付可以減少花錢時的心理痛苦。故選C項。
93. 細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows.(無現(xiàn)金世界的主要擔憂之一是作弊的風險，以及隨之而來的不便)”可知，作者論證的第二個理由是無現(xiàn)金支付的不便之處。故選B項。
94. 主旨大意題。由尾段“However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.(但是，為了維護所有用戶的利益，最好是緩和一下我們的熱情——也許成為一個現(xiàn)金較少的社會而不是一個完全無現(xiàn)金的社會是一種更可行的選擇)”可知，作者認為我們應該降低對于無現(xiàn)金社會的熱情，即作者反對無現(xiàn)金社會。故選A項。
95. 推理判斷題。由第二段開頭“One of the main concerns(主要關注點之一)”和第三段開頭“Another reason(另一個原因)”可知，作者是通過分析原因的方式來組織文章的。故選B項。
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（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級中學一模）Feeling hungry? If so, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy and hectic lives, or some other reasons that we lack the skills to prepare a meal for ourselves might add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.
Eating options (the freedom to choose) are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings or eager desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the recent corona virus (冠狀病毒) crisis, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It’s estimated (估計) that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that its research “suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future”.
It’s no wonder we are tempted and attracted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity (肥胖) and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
96. Why might some people choose to order a takeaway meal?
A. They might be too lazy to cook themselves.
B. They might never have the experience of cooking.
C. They might be so young that they can’t cook for themselves.
D. They might be too busy to cook or might be short of the skills to prepare a meal.
97. What is the quick and easy way to order your takeaway food?
A. Takeaway delivery apps B. A takeaway menu C. Grocery shopping. D. Going to the restaurant.
98. What’s the number of the takeaway meals eaten by people a day in the United Kingdom?
A. 100. B. 60,000. C. 3,000,000 D. 3,000,000,0000
99. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The reasons of the great need of takeaway food.
B. The suggestions of making takeaways healthier.
C. The increases of takeaways in the future.
D. The results of fast food.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了點外賣食品的利與弊及讓外賣更健康的建議。
96. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關鍵句“And our increasingly busy and hectic lives, or some other reasons that we lack the skills to prepare a meal for ourselves might add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.”（我們的生活越來越忙碌，或者我們缺乏為自己準備食物的技能等其他原因可能會增加我們在路上購買現(xiàn)成食物或遞送食物到家的需要。）可知，因為我們的生活越來越忙碌，或者因為我們缺乏為自己準備食物的技能，所以我們需要購買現(xiàn)成食物或點外賣，由此可知，有些人會選擇點外賣是因為他們可能太忙而不能做飯，或者可能缺乏做飯的技能。故選D項。
97. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關鍵句“Eating options (the freedom to choose) are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings or eager desires at the push of a button.”（飲食選擇（自由選擇）是無止境的，而新技術意味著我們只需按下一個按鈕就可以滿足我們的愿望或渴望。）和“Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient”（外賣遞送應用程序使點餐快捷方便）可知，外賣遞送應用程序使點餐快捷方便，我們只需按下一個按鈕就可以，由此可知，點外賣食品的快捷和簡單的方式是用外賣遞送應用程序。故選A項。
98. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關鍵句“It’s estimated (估計) that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants.”（據(jù)估計，僅在英國，人們每天就要吃300萬份外賣餐，而三大外賣應用程序加在一起提供了來自60000家餐廳的100種美食選擇。）可知，據(jù)估計，僅在英國，人們每天就要吃300萬份外賣餐，由此可知，在英國，人們每天吃3,000,000份外賣餐。故選C項。
99. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段關鍵句“Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes.”（當然，減少鹽、糖和脂肪是使外賣食品更健康的一種方法，同時提供更小的份量。）和“And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.”（如果你沒有時間，試著從菜單上點一份更健康的替代品。）可知，最后一段告訴我們如何讓外賣食品更健康，例如作為商家可以減少外賣食品的鹽、糖和脂肪，或者提供小份量的食品等，作為顧客可以從菜單上點一份更健康的食品，由此可知，最后一段主要講的是讓外賣更健康的建議。故選B項。
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（2022·陜西·西安中學二模）The new radio programme from Self-help expert Glennon Doyle unexpectedly disturbed me. In a session of We Can Do Hard Things, she focuses on boundaries and their importance to our mental happiness. I heartily agree with her, because saying a polite but firm “no” is one of the basics for a happy life. I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them. When does a boundary become a cage that locks us away?
Isn’t it always the case that just as you think you’ve got an area of life nailed; somebody comes along to show you that that’s not the case? As I listened, I started to see boundaries that might cause more problems than they were solving.
There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn’t take it- -which meant that I turned down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding.
There was the boundary that said I wasn’t to buy anything until I’d reached my savings goal－which resulted in me having to restart my laptop 20 times a day.
And then there was a boundary around relationships that set out exactly how I should be treated and what I wanted in them. Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.
Had I been doing boundaries wrong all the time? Did I need to figure them all out again? I’ve spent the past few weeks looking at the boundaries I’ve secretly put in place, and I’ve let myself lower some that have been my protection over the years. Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine. In fact, being back at the beginning is a blessing because it means there are still lessons to be learned and adventures to be had and that is something for which I can only be grateful.
100. What has really interested the author in Glennon Doyle’s programme?
A. The importance of confirming our boundaries.
B. The benefits of boundaries to our happiness.
C. The urgency of maintaining our boundaries.
D. The necessity of reassessing our boundaries.
101. What can be concluded as to the author’s views on boundaries?
A. We should favour savings goals over boundaries.
B. Boundaries tend to keep us from potential friends.
C. Boundaries are very likely to relieve boredom at work.
D. We should stick to boundaries despite inconvenience.
102. How did the author feel about boundaries after the adjustments?
A. Relaxed. B. Depressed. C. Pressured. D. Amused.
103. What is probably the best tittle for the passage?
A. Just when you think you’ve got things sorted ..
B. Just where you believe there’s no way out ..
C. How can we live a life without boundaries?
D. How do we become victims of boundaries?
【答案與解析】本文是議論文。文章主要圍繞人不能只做自己喜歡的習慣的事情，我們要突破局限，找到新的自我。
100. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”（然而，我感興趣是當她提出那個觀點的時候，她說也許，當我們學習確認我們的界限的時候，我們也需要延展它們）可知，作者對Glennon Doyle的節(jié)目感興趣的地方是要重新評估我們的界限。故選D。
101. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.”（在某種程度上，它阻擋了我允許他人向我表達他們對我的喜歡，即使那不是我曾預料到的）可知，在作者看來，設置界限會阻止我們交到可能的朋友。故選B。
102. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine.”（當說到界限時，我又成為了一個新手，并且這很好）可知，在調整了之后，作者覺得很放松。故選A。
103. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”（然而，我感興趣是當她提出那個觀點的時候，她說也許，當我們學習確認我們的界限的時候，我們也需要延展它們）可知，作者是想通過一個節(jié)目引出話題：我們不能局限在一定的界限之內，我們要突破局限，找到新的自我。A選項“就當你認為你已經把一切都分好類的時候…”后面的省略號就是要讓讀者反思，是否要按照界定好的去做，是否要突破。符合文章意思。故選A。
25
（2022·河北·邯鄲一中模擬預測）There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes.
In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in navigating (導航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise.
People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment.
Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual (會說兩種語言的) gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.”
Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.
104. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2?
A. To tell the cultural differences between them.
B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture.
C. To stress American expressions are informal.
D. To reveal a language is associated with status.
105. What is English speakers’ response to an accident?
A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others.
C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it.
106. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals?
A. They enjoy a more colorful life.
B. They can remain mentally healthy.
C. They find it easier to learn a language.
D. They can gain insight into others’ minds.
107. What can be the best title for the text?
A. How do languages differ?
B. Will your language be extinct?
C. Why does our mother tongue matter?
D. Should we speak a second language?
【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過引出“Does the language we speak shape who we are?（我們說的語言是否塑造了我們）”這個問題，然后分析原因，最后得出結論：我們的母語對我們如何思考、我們知道什么以及我們是誰至關重要的。

104. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“In this way, languages are essential in navigating (導航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise. (因此，語言在引導任何文化中都是必不可少的，無論是我們自己的文化還是其他文化。)”可知語言在引導任何文化中都至關重要，由此可推斷出，作者提到“美國腔”和“泰語”是用來說明語言是文化的指南。故選B。
105. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident.(說英語的人會記得是誰錯了，因為他們的語言要求他們這樣做，而說西班牙語的人更有可能記得這是一個意外。)” 可知，當意外發(fā)生之后，說英語的人會追究責任。故選A。
106. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they inhabit, and how that world is different from our own.(語言學家朱利安·萊爾(Julien Leyre)寫道，學習另一種語言可以發(fā)展我們的能力，“基于他人原始的語言，以及這個世界與我們自己的世界有何不同，來理解他們的心理世界?！?”可知，語言學家Julien Leyre認為會說兩種語言的人能夠理解對方的精神世界。故選D。
107. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文圍繞“Does the language we speak shape who we are?(我們所說的語言決定了我們是誰嗎？) ”這個問題展開，結合最后一段“Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.(我們的母語對我們的思維方式、我們知道什么以及我們是誰至關重要。和我們一樣，語言也是生命體，隨著時間的推移會發(fā)生變化，必須加以保護才能生存。通過這樣做，我們不僅保護我們使用的語言結構或詞匯，而且保護它們背后的文化、知識和權力 。)”點明主題，闡述了母語對我們來說至關重要，可知C項“Why does our mother tongue matter?(為什么我們的母語很重要？)”符合文章的主旨，適合作為本文的標題。故選C。
26
（2022·全國·重慶南開中學模擬預測）Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crime than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported very day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.
The bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to“justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.
The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.
There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn’t steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.
And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.
They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits proposed best where authority was merely local —over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.
The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “take from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social justice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as of invisible and invulnerable; he is a “l(fā)oyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.
None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.
Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.
The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera — Don Jose on “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.
108. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?
A. Bold (Para. 1).
B. Claimed (Para. 4).
C. Legend (Para. 2).
D. Loyalty (Para. 4).
109. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?
A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.
B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.
C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.
D. They had very few careers open to them.
110. “…began their careers harshly victimized” (Par. 9) means that they _____.
A. had received excessive ill-treatment
B. were severely punished for their crimes
C. took to violence through a sense of injustice
D. were misunderstood by their parents and friends
111. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they_____.
A. are sure they are invincible
B. possess a theatrical quality
C. retain the virtues of a peasant society
D. protest against injustice and inequality
【答案與解析】本文是議論文。文章討論了電影制片人把土匪作為電影主角的原因。
108. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves...( 這些強盜，他們聲稱自己不僅僅是小偷)”可知，claim意為“聲稱，宣稱”，是中性詞，無法表示對土匪的認可，故選B；由第一段最后一句中的“the film makers know we always fall for a bandit(電影制作人知道我們總是喜歡綠林好漢)”可知，“Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata(白蘭度曾為傲慢的Emiliano Zapata做過的事，如今賈格爾也準備好為大膽的內德·凱利這么做。)”中的bold在這里是褒義，表示土匪內德·凱利的“大膽”，因此排除A；第二段第一個分句指出土匪生活在一個特殊的legend王國，緊接著三個where引導的并列定語從句修飾realm of legend，根據(jù)從句的句意可知, legend意為“傳奇”，是褒義，表示對土匪的認可，故排除C；第四段第一句提到“There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from.(這些強盜，聲稱自己不僅僅是小偷，有共同之處，他們首先對自己出身的階級——農民，擁有忠誠感和認同感。)”該句表明這些強盜對農民擁有共同的忠誠感和認同感，緊接著第二句進一步解釋了這種忠誠感是指他們偷走的是貴族而不是農民的收成, 由此可知, loyalty為褒義，故排除D。故選B項。
109. 細節(jié)理解題。第六段最后一句“Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(不像普通的農民，他們喜歡派頭十足的衣服和姿態(tài)，但他們通常擁有和農民相同的宗教信仰和迷信。)”可知，不像普通的農民，土匪喜歡派頭十足的衣服和姿態(tài)，說明了土匪和普通農民的區(qū)別，而不是人們成為土匪的原因，故選A項。
110. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第九段第一句“Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern.(然而，令人吃驚的是，這些暴力分子中有許多人至少一半時間的確是在按照這種理想主義模式行事。)”提到這些暴力分子中有許多人至少半數(shù)時間的確是在按照這種理想主義模式行事，緊接著第二句“Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(墨西哥的潘丘·維拉和意大利的薩爾瓦托·襲連諾由于遭受殘酷迫害而開始他們的職業(yè)生涯。他們的許多慈善行為后來成為傳奇。)”指出墨西哥的潘丘·維拉和意大利的薩瓦托·裘連諾“began their careers harshly victimized”，由此可知第二句是以潘丘·維拉和薩爾瓦托·裘連諾為例說明這些暴力分子是在按照這種理想主義模式行事,也就是說潘丘·維拉和薩爾瓦托·襲連諾開始從事的是暴力事業(yè)，即took to violence，而上文第七段具體說明了這種理想主義模式，其中第一句“The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice(人們染上羅賓漢綜合征的第一個跡象是，他剛開始時是作為不公正的受害者而被迫成為非法之徒)”指出人們剛開始時是作為不公正的受害者而被迫成為非法之徒，由此可以推斷, harshly victimized是指潘丘·維拉和薩爾瓦托·襲連諾剛開始是由于遭受殘酷迫害而感到不公正，從而成為土匪，這與C表述一致。故選C項。
111. 推理判斷題。第一段最后一句“The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.( 電影制作人知道我們總是喜歡綠林好漢，白蘭度曾為傲慢的埃米利亞諾，薩帕塔做過的事，如今賈格爾也準備好為大膽的內德·凱利這么做。)”可知，電影制作人將土匪作為電影主角；緊接著下文解釋了原因是土匪對社會不公的反抗， “劫富濟貧”，從而得到人們的欽佩，他們的慈善行為成為傳奇，因此推斷是土匪抗議不公正和不平等的行為讓他們成為適合成為電影主角。故選D項。
27
（2022·廣東廣東·一模）It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than, to open it and remove all doubt.
-Mark Twain
You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.
Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.
If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not. Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.
If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have. Listening is another key trait(特征)for a leader to have, and it is harder to achieve than many people think. First, you have to be quiet, and then you have to listen attentively, with all your attention on what the person is saying to be a good listener. When you learn to stop and think before you speak and when you learn to become a good listener you will be well on your way to becoming a good leader. By being able to listen to the people that work with you and for you, you will be able to make informed decisions.
112. The quotation(引言)from Mark Twain functions as________.
A. an example B. a thread C. a comparison D. a model
113. The author takes the example of many famous, noteworthy people to express that____
A. influential people are able to express themselves freely
B. many important people didn't take Mark Twain's words seriously
C. leaders should attach great importance to when, how and what to say
D. the public will not understand them if famous, noteworthy people keep silent
114. According to the passage, what are the advantages of developing the skills of holding your tongue?
① You could be underestimated by others.???????② People often think highly of you.
③ You can polish up listening skills.???????????????④You will improve your relationship with others.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ③④ D. ②④
115. Which of the following is the best title?
A. He That Talks Much Errs Much B. Facts Speaks Louder than Words
C. Even Homer Sometimes Nods D. A Still Tongue Makes a Wise Head
【答案與解析】本文是議論文。文章討論了保持沉默的重要性。
112. 推理判斷題。文章開篇引用馬克·吐溫的話，結合第二段內容“You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.(你可以說一些非常聰明、有用或有趣的話，但如果你在不恰當?shù)臅r候說，你可能會讓自己看起來很愚蠢。)”和第三段的“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent.(縱觀歷史，許多著名的人把馬克的話銘記在心上。這些聰明的人知道什么時候該說話，什么時候該保持沉默。)”可推斷，馬克吐溫的話被用來作為引子引出文章的主題；沉默是金。故選B。
113. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.(縱觀歷史，許多著名的人把馬克的話銘記在心上。這些聰明的人知道什么時候該說話，什么時候該保持沉默。許多領導人必須學會什么時候說話，什么時候保持沉默，即使它可能很難這樣做。所有的領導人都必須仔細選擇他們的話，選擇正確的時間發(fā)言，這樣他們的話才能產生最大的影響。)”可推斷，作者舉許多名人的例子，想要說明；作為名人，更應該重視何時、何地，以何種方式說話，這樣他們的話才能產生更大的影響。故選C。
114. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.(事實上，有些人會低估你，因為他們一直不知道你在想什么。這可以讓你在很多情況下獲得優(yōu)勢。當人們低估你時，他們不會關注你，讓你在不被注意的情況下制定和執(zhí)行計劃)”和第五段的“If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have.(如果你想好再說，你也可以提高你的聽力技能，這是一個非常重要和有用的技能。)”可知，保持沉默可以讓別人低估你的能力，這樣你可以集中精力制定和執(zhí)行你的計劃，而不被人關注。其次，保持沉默還可以提高你的傾聽能力。故選B。
115. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so.( 這些聰明的人知道什么時候該說話，什么時候該保持沉默。許多領導人必須學會什么時候說話，什么時候保持沉默，即使這樣可能很難保持沉默)”和第三段的“If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not.(如果你學會了發(fā)展這種知道什么時候閉嘴的技能，你也會變得聰明，即使人們認為你不是。)”以及下文可知，文章論述了保持沉默的重要性。A.言多必失。B.事實勝于雄辯。C.智者千慮，必有一失。D.寡言者智。因此推斷A項為最佳標題，與主旨一致。故選D。
28
（2022·全國·重慶南開中學模擬預測）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B. F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失敗), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.
Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.
What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.
Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “l(fā)earning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.
Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成績落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.
Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.
116. According to the passage, education technology can ________.
A. decrease teachers’ working load
B. facilitate personalized learning
C. help standardize curriculums
D. be loved by schoolchildren
117. Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?
A. The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.
B. Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.
C. Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.
D. Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.
118. The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.
A. at the service of teaching
B. limited in use among pupils
C. aimed at narrowing the wealth gap
D. in line with students’ learning styles
119. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of edtech.
B. To introduce the application of edtech.
C. To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.
D. To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.
【答案與解析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了“個性化”學習軟件可以幫助數(shù)以億計陷入悲慘課堂的孩子，但如何使用edtech（教育科技）是個問題，文章就如何充分利用edtech展開了討論。
116. 細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. (后來，他建造了第一臺“教學機器”，讓孩子們按照自己的節(jié)奏解決問題。)”和第二段中的“Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. (“個性化”學習軟件可以幫助數(shù)以億計陷入悲慘課堂的孩子，但前提是edtech的支持者能夠抵制住重新喚起關于孩子如何學習的有害想法的誘惑。)”可知，教育技術（edtech）可以讓孩子們按照自己的節(jié)奏解決問題，促進個性化學習。故選B項。
117. 推理判斷題。由第四段中的“A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher. (一個不那么重要的謬誤是，科技意味著孩子們不需要學習事實或向老師學習，相反，他們可以直接使用谷歌。一些教育家更進一步，認為事實妨礙了諸如創(chuàng)造力之類的技能。事實上，恰恰相反。根據(jù)研究，促進學習的最有效方法幾乎都依賴于教師的技能。)”可知，一些教育家認為學習事實或向老師學習會妨礙創(chuàng)造力，但研究表明，學習事實或向老師學習技能有助于促進學習，C項“莎士比亞受過語法訓練，但他寫了許多偉大的戲劇”體現(xiàn)了事實技能學習并不會妨礙創(chuàng)造力。故選C項。
118. 細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成績落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. (其次，edtech必須縮小而不是擴大教育不平等。這里有樂觀的理由。一些開創(chuàng)性的學校是硅谷的私立學校。但更多的學校是由特許學校組織的，主要教授貧困學生，在這些學校里，相對于普通班的同齡人，落后學生取得的進步最大。)”可知，有貴族式私立學校，也有教授貧困學生的普通學校，因此作者認為edtech要有用，就需要edtech縮小教育上的貧富差距。故選C項。
119. 主旨大意題。第一段用哈佛心理學家B.F. Skinner的故事引入“教育技術（edtech）”，第二段講“教育技術（edtech）能促進個性化學習，但效果不如傳統(tǒng)的學校教育模式那樣有效地教育那么多的兒童”，第三段講“如何使用edtech的方法——通過量身定做的指導學習”，第四段講“如何充分利用edtech——第一、個性化學習必須遵循兒童如何學習的證據(jù)”，第五段講“如何充分利用edtech——第二、縮小教育上的貧富差距”，最后一段講“如何充分利用edtech——只有教師接受教育技術，教育技術的潛力才能實現(xiàn)”，可知文章主要就edtech展開討論，討論了如何充分利用edtech。故選C項。
30
（2022·福建漳州·二模）People say water can improve health and memory. But now some experts say that to think drinking water equals health is taking things too far and that hvdration(水合作用）is about the balance between electrolytes(電解質)like sodium and the water in your body.
Then. how much water do you need to drink? Many say you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. Not so, some experts say. ___120___ A 200-pound person who hikes 10 miles in the heat needs more water than a 120-pound office manager in a temperature-controlled building.
___121___ Someone with a heart condition or kidney stones has one level of need. A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿藥）may need a different amount of water.You may need to change the amount you are drinking if you lave been ill with vomiting or diarrhea.
Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.___122___One popular idea is that caffeine or alcohol will make your body lose much water. But one study showed the effect is not significant.You also get water from what you eat. Fruits, vegetables, and soups all add to the intake of water. Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough. You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.___123___
Electrolytes are essential minerals. ___124___ Some sports drinks ads say you need to add electrolytes to stay healthy. But some experts say that your body produces electrolytes. You may need more water if you exercise a lot during the heat of the day. Otherwise, most people get enough electrolytes from food.
A. Just drink then you are thirsty.
B. They are vital to many functions in the body
C. It gives you more energy and makes you look good.
D. Instead, your body and the activities you attend matter.
E. It is also necessary to set a timetable about when to drink water.
F. The amount of water you need in a day also depends on your health.
G. But when it comes to hydration, any drink can add water to your system.
【答案與解析】本文為議論文，首先提出兩個關于水的不同觀點：飲水能改善健康狀況與記憶；飲水并不等同于健康，水合作用是體內電解質與水的平衡。然后從四方面對后者展開論證。
120. 根據(jù)空前“how much water do you need to drink?”引出本段話題：你需要喝多少水。然后提出許多人對此的看法，并被專家否定了。后面對比不同人的需水量，說明了體重及其進行的活動不同，需水量不同，故選D項。
121. 從空后“heart condition”“ kidney stones”(腎結石)“ A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿藥)”“ vomiting or diarrhea”(嘔吐或腹瀉)可看出，該段主要在說需水量與個人身體健康狀況有關，此空為該段的主旨句，故選F項。
122. 根據(jù)空后“You also get water from what you eat.”該句表明人們可以從吃的事物中獲取水，其中“also”，說明前面已經提出了一個人體中水的來源，G項“any drink can add water to your system.”符合要求，且與第一句“Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.”連貫，“any drink”與“sugary sodas or fruit juices”對應，故選G項。
123. 根據(jù)空前“Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough.”(你的身體會告訴你體內的水是否充足。)“You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.”(你不必思考這個問題也不必增加喝水量。)你口渴的時候就是身體在給你信號，所以你在這個時候喝水就可以了，不必專門去考慮體內的水是否充足，A項符合，故選A項。
124. 根據(jù)空后“add electrolytes to stay healthy”表明電解質有利健康，說明電解質在人體內有重要作用，B項符合，“They”對應“Electrolytes”，“vital”對應“essential”，故選B項。





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