2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題8：主謂一致

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高中英語語法專題8：主謂一致一．概述：主謂一致指謂語動詞（包括系動詞）在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致。在解題過程中既要考慮謂語動詞或系動詞應(yīng)該使用那種時態(tài)，又要考慮使用單復(fù)數(shù)的問題。比如我們一起來觀察下面四個選自高考語法填空題中的句子：In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _______ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.我們看到主語it立刻可以確定be動詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式，再觀察前一句時間狀語為in 1969可以確定時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)，得出was這個答案。There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _________ (have) to worry about fashion.先去掉when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，得到主語是nobody的結(jié)論，且為單數(shù)，觀察前后兩句時態(tài)均為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，綜合分析得出答案has。While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it _________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.由it在賓語從句中做主語看出be動詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，再由says一詞看出主語使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，那么從句保持一致，得出答案is。Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.主語為fast food，單數(shù)；上一句看出整體使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，且本句陳述的是一個事實，也應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，得出的答案is。 二．高考?？贾髦^一致的類型：上面舉的幾個例子只是冰山一角，高中涉及到的主謂一致的情形不止這幾種，下面我們做一個歸納。（一）as well as, along with, with, together with, like, besides, in addition to，but連接兩個名詞做主語時，謂語動詞和前面的名詞保持一致，也就是就前原則，也可以稱之為就遠原則。要注意的是，and不符合就前原則，因為and表示并列，前后加起來應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)。相比較而言，with相關(guān)的這幾個詞表示的是伴隨，可以忽略不計，所以符合就前原則。比如：5. E-mail, as well as telephones, __________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing             B. have played          C. are playing         D. play6. The father together with his three children __________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going              B. go                  C. goes               D. are going7. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered            B. has been offered          C. are offered         D. have been offered8. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work                 B. working            C. is working           D. are working9. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, __________ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to              B. are going to       C. was going to            D. were going to10. Nobody but Jane __________  the secret. A. know                 B. knows               C. have known         D. is known11. No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign.A. knows          B. know            C. have known           D. am to know （二）分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)，a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, the rest of, the majority of等跟可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；跟不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。分析其根本原因，在于上述這次詞或短語加上名詞之后，并沒有從本質(zhì)上改變該名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的性質(zhì)。apples是復(fù)數(shù)，加上half of之后變成了half of apples，一半的蘋果，一堆蘋果的一半其實還是復(fù)數(shù)。比如：12. _________ of the land in that district _________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth … is        B. Two fifth … are    C. Two fifths … is        D. Two fifths … are13. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _________ sea. A is                    B are                 C were                 D has been14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is                    B. are               C. was              D. were15. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area __________.A. need repairing           B. needs to repair      C. needs repairing             D. need to repair16. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _______ saved for other purposes.A. is              B. are                C. was              D.  were 17. One third of the country _________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens __________black people.    A. is; are           B. is; is                C. are; are             D. are; is （三）由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but…連接的兩個詞做主語時，根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動詞的形式以鄰近的主語的數(shù)而定。在倒裝句和there be句型中，謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語保持一致，也符合就近原則。比如：18. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.A. is                   B. are                  C. am                D. be19. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are                    B. is                   C. have                   D. be        20. There _____ a book and some pens on the desk. There _____ some pens and a book on the desk. Here _____ some cakes and an egg for you.特別說明一下，很多學(xué)生不理解為什么there be句型也符合就近原則，比如上面這個例句There _____ a book and some pens on the desk. 明明桌子上有書和筆好幾個東西啊，理應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)才對啊，為什么要用is。其實我們換個更典型的例子就更好理解了。There ________ a man and three pigs in the room.如果填are，那么就有一個邏輯上的矛盾出現(xiàn)了，房間里到底是有四個人還是有四頭豬呢？顯然，人和豬不同類，所以不能相加。這就是根本原因。 （四）當(dāng)either (each, one)+ of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 或some, any, no, every和body, one或thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。many a +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞，即使用 and或逗號連接作主語，或主語為more than one + n. 謂語動詞依然用單數(shù)。我們舉幾個例子來觀察思考一下：①Every boy and every girl has a book in their bags. 意思等同于：Every person has a book in his or her bag.②Many a teacher has been there. 意思等同于： Many teachers have been there.③More than one child has read the book.意思等同于： Many children have read the book.我們通過練習(xí)題來深化一下理解，比如：21. --- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university. --- So do I. A. hope           B. hopes           C. hoping            D. hoped22. Every possible means _________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used                  B. are used         C. has been used                     D. have been used23. It is reported that many a new house __________  at present in the disaster area.      A. are being built        B. were being built             C. was being built       D. is being built 24. —Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___________ invited.A. were   B. have been   C. has been   D. was備注：24題容易誤選C項。時態(tài)分析錯誤。如果要使用完成時態(tài)，則應(yīng)該用過去完成時態(tài)，而不是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。具體可參考《高中英語語法專題2：時態(tài)和語態(tài)》 （五）當(dāng)and連接的兩個詞表同一概念，或同一人（物）時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。比如：25. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.A. hasn’t been decided                         B. haven’t decided    C. isn’t being decided                          D. aren’t decided （六）a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。要注意的是這兩個短語的意思不一樣，a number of意思為“大量的，許多的”，the number of意思為“...的數(shù)目”，這是造成兩者所在的句子中謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)不同的原因所在。比如：26. The number of people invited _________fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons. A. were; was            B. was; was           C. was; were         D. were; were27. As you can see, the number of cars on roads __________ rising these days. A. are keeping            B. keep                 C. keeps             D. were keeping28. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________ rising steadily since1990.A. is                    B. are                C. has been            D. have been （七）表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，通?？醋饕粋€整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。書籍、文章等的名稱也看作單數(shù)。動名詞做主語，表示一件事，看做單數(shù)。①Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我們離開學(xué)校已經(jīng)20年了。Twenty years雖然表面加了s是個復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，但在該句子中表達的是一段時間，所以看做單數(shù)。②Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一萬美元是一大筆錢。Ten thousand dollars雖然表面也是復(fù)數(shù)，但在句子中表達是一筆錢這樣的概念，不在于錢的多少，再多再少也是一筆錢，所以看做單數(shù)。③Reading Skills is a book written by an American scholar.Reading skills雖然加了s，但改變不了是一本書的本質(zhì)，所以看做單數(shù)。我們再通過下面幾個習(xí)題鞏固一下。比如：29. It is great for these small kids to complete the running game. After all, 3000 meters _________ not a short distance.A. is            B. are          C. has           D. have30. Fifty dollars ___________ to the child, but he is still not satisfied.A. was given    B. is given    C. has been given    D. have been given31. The teacher together with the students ___________ discussing Reading Skills that _________ newly published in America. A. are; were                        B. is; were                     C. are; was            D. is; was32. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is                            B. are                          C. has                         D. have （八）在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是若前有the only, the every將其限定為只有一個時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。我們先觀察下面這兩個例句。①Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.②Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.第一句，擅長踢足球的學(xué)生不止一個，Tom是其中之一。who指代students，看做復(fù)數(shù)。第二句，擅長踢足球的學(xué)生其實就只有一個，那就是Tom。who雖指代的還是students，表面是復(fù)數(shù)，本質(zhì)上是單數(shù)。我們再通過下面兩個習(xí)題鞏固一下。比如：33. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship in three years. A. is                  B. are                 C. have been                D. has been 34. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who_________evening dress.A. wear      B. wears      C. has worn       D. have worn（九）其他。我們觀察下面兩個例句。①A singer and an actor ________ (be) going to give us a lecture tomorrow.②A singer and actor _________ (be) going to give us a lecture tomorrow.第一句，有兩個冠詞分別連接了歌手和演員，說明是兩個人要一起來給我們上課，所以是復(fù)數(shù)，填are。第二句，只有一個冠詞a連接了歌手和演員，說明是一個人同時具有雙重身份，既是歌手又是演員，所以是單數(shù)，填is。我們再通過下面兩個習(xí)題鞏固一下。比如：35. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is                        B. are                         C. was                       D. were36. A poet and an artist _________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is                        B. are                         C. was                       D. were 參考解析（一）5--11 ACBCABA（二）12--17 CACADA（三）18--19 BB    20. is; is; are（四）21--24 BCDA（五）25 A（六）26--28 CCC（七）29--32 ACDC（八）33--34 DB（九）35--36 AB