第一部分　 語(yǔ)法專題
第五節(jié)　介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)
分析廣東近幾年的中考真題可知，介詞為每年的必考點(diǎn)，主要出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法選擇和短文填空中。
at時(shí)間點(diǎn)，有n必有天，in指月季年，也和午相連。
2．befre, after與in
3.fr, since與frm
4.by, until/till與during
1．(2018廣東改編)—Hw sn will we get the ffer frm a new high schl? — abut tw mnths.2．(2016廣東改編)Many yung peple put mbile gaming _______ anything else, thinking little f their nrmal lives.3．Althugh my father is busy with his wrk, he ften makes meals fr us wrk every day.4．(2021江蘇南通改編)My brther was a brn genius. He was able t read and write the age f 4.
5．(2021遼寧大連改編)I ften d vlunteer wrk in the library Sundays.6．He didn't realize it was a big mistake years later.7．—I hear yu've taught here abut ten years. —Yes, I came t this schl in 2010.8．Li Hua keeps helping ut in the cmmunity mrning t evening.
表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)
2.between與amng
3.ver, under, abve, belw, n與behind
如：(1)Lk！A by is drawing n the bridge which is ver the river. 看！一個(gè)男孩正在河上的橋上畫畫。(2)There is a little cat under the desk.桌子下面有只小貓。(3)The plane is flying abve the cluds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。(4)Sandy lives three flrs belw me.桑迪住得比我低三層。(5)Jane liked standing behind her mther when she was six. 簡(jiǎn)在6 歲的時(shí)候喜歡站在媽媽身后。
Tip:abve和belw還可以表示“溫度高于/低于……”。如： Tmrrw the temperature will stay abve zer during the day, arund 9℃. Hwever, it will be belw zer at night. 明天白天 的溫度會(huì)保持在零度以上，大約9攝氏度。然而，在夜間會(huì)降到零度 以下。
Tips: (1)在地理位置上只有屬于同一個(gè)國(guó)家或范圍才可以用in。 如：日本屬于亞洲，廣東屬于中國(guó)。 (2)在地理位置上n和t必須是同一級(jí)別的才可以用。 如：日本與中國(guó)相離用t，但是不能說(shuō)日本與廣東相離。
5.acrss, thrugh, ver與past▲acrss，指從物體的表面穿過，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一邊到另一邊。 如：walk acrss the rad▲thrugh，強(qiáng)調(diào)指從物體內(nèi)部通過。如：g thrugh the gate▲ver，指從上方經(jīng)過；跨越。如：fly ver the wall▲past，指從旁邊經(jīng)過，意義與by相似。如：walk past a bank＝ pass a bank
Tips: (1)一般情況下，“動(dòng)詞＋acrss”相當(dāng)于crss。crss作動(dòng)詞，意 為“穿過，越過，橫跨”，主要指在物體表面上橫穿。如： Lk left and right befre yu g acrss/crss the rad. 左右看一看，然后再過馬路。 (2)一般情況下，“動(dòng)詞＋past”相當(dāng)于pass。pass作動(dòng)詞，表示 “通過，經(jīng)過”。如： As she walked past/passed the library dr, the telephne began t ring. 她經(jīng)過圖書館門口時(shí)，電話開始響了。
6．in frnt f與in the frnt f
7．in the tree與n the tree in the tree指在樹上的外來(lái)物，n the tree指樹本身的果實(shí)、葉子等。如： Jack put his schlbag in the tree and picked the apples n the tree. 杰克把他的書包放到樹上，并摘了樹上的蘋果?！ip: here, there, hme, abrad, upstairs, dwnstairs等地點(diǎn)副詞前面不用介詞。
9．I will arrive the high-speed railway statin Shenzhen next Friday.10．—Mm, I can't find my jacket. D yu knw where it is? —Maybe it is yur bed. 11．(2021青海改編)Lk! The sun is shining directly int the car. Yu'd better park it the tree.
12．There is a bridge the river. And he ften walks ______ the bridge t play with his friends.13．(2021江蘇無(wú)錫改編)The sun shne the windw and left a tiny rainbw n the wall.14．(2021貴州銅仁改編)—Taiwan lies the sutheast f China, and it is the east f Fujian. —OK, I want t visit it sme day.
表示方式、手段、工具和方向等的介詞
Tips: (1)by＋表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于take a＋交通工具的單 數(shù)名詞。 (2)特殊情況：n ft表示“步行”；drive a car表示“開車”； ride a bike表示“騎自行車”。
2．表示方式、手段、工具
拓展：with的其他用法(1)表示伴隨，意為“和……一起；具有；帶有”，如： I visited the Cantn Twer with my parents last mnth. 上個(gè)月我和父母 參觀了廣州塔。 A yung wman came in with a cup f cffee. 一個(gè)年輕女子端著一杯咖啡 走了進(jìn)來(lái)。(2)表示具有(某種特征)，如： She is tall and slim with bright blue eyes. 她又高又苗條，還有一雙明亮的 藍(lán)眼睛。(3)表示原因，如： We jumped up and dwn with jy. 我們高興得上下跳躍。
15．(2019廣東改編)I think tea will taste better sme milk in it.16．(2017廣東改編)It's very kind yu t lend me yur reusable shpping bags.17．Sme peple may feel sick when they read a bk a car r a bus.18．It takes me twenty minutes t g t wrk subway.19．What will yu d if yu dn't understand what yur teacher has said Chinese?
拓展： be made f 意為“由……制成”(可以看出原材料)；be made frm 意為“由……制成”(看不出原材料)。如： The chpsticks are made f wd. 筷子是由木材做的。 Wine is made frm grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄做的。
20．In the last few mnths, the teachers have given lessns n the Internet anchrs(主播). 21．Befre yu g t Canada, yu need t learn mre it.22．I’m building a factry in the city because it is bad fr the envirnment.
23．All f us helped t clean up the ld peple’s hme ________ Eric. He lked after his little sister at hme.24．(2021貴州黔東南州改編)Ms. Huang was very pleased because her husband and daughter bught a beautiful dress her n her birthday.25．Tm is a gd swimmer and he can swim a fish in the swimming pl.
1．介詞與名詞的搭配 at hme 在家 in the end 最后in surprise 驚奇地 n business 出差by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 n ft 步行in fact 事實(shí)上 n hliday 度假in persn 親自 n time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)in public 當(dāng)眾 n ne's way t 在某人去……的路上in time 及時(shí) with/withut ne's help 在有/沒有某人的幫助下
2．動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配agree with同意 hear f 聽說(shuō)cme up with 提出；想出 lk frward t ding sth.盼望/期待做某事change... int... 把……變成…… pay fr 付費(fèi)；為……付出代價(jià)talk abut 討論 get int陷入；參與think f 想起；認(rèn)為 get t 到達(dá)hear frm sb.收到某人的信 wrry abut 擔(dān)心
3.形容詞與介詞的搭配be gd at 擅長(zhǎng)…… be different frm 與……不同be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣 be afraid f 害怕be excited abut 對(duì)……感到興奮 be fnd f 喜歡be serius abut 認(rèn)真對(duì)待 be full f 充滿……的be sure abut 對(duì)……有把握 be prud f 為……而自豪be/get ready fr為……做準(zhǔn)備 be similar t 與……相似be angry with 生……的氣 be busy with 忙于……
二、句型類1．What/hw abut ging t the z? 去動(dòng)物園怎么樣？2．—What des yur mther lk like？ 你媽媽長(zhǎng)什么樣？ —She is tall with big eyes. 她很高，有一雙大眼睛。3．—What is yur sister like？ 你姐姐(妹妹)怎么樣？ —She is utging and funny. 她既外向又有趣。4．It's time fr me t g hme. 我該回家了。
5．It is difficult fr me t finish the task. 完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是 困難的。6．There is smething wrng with my bike. 我的自行車出故障了。7．Thank yu fr yur help. 謝謝你的幫助。8．He desn't spend much time n his study/in studying. 他在學(xué)習(xí) 上花的時(shí)間不多。
26．I met Nancy my way hme yesterday.27．Jack, it's time us t have English class nw. Hurry up!28．—I think drinking milk every mrning is gd fr ur health. —Yes. I agree yu.29．(2021安徽改編)—Yur village is really beautiful! —Thank yu. fact, all the villages here have taken n a new lk.
一、介詞在語(yǔ)法選擇中的運(yùn)用 分析廣東近兩年的中考語(yǔ)法選擇可知，介詞考查了2次{2021(34.between), 2020(31.with)}。針對(duì)該考點(diǎn)，考生需要根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文語(yǔ)境，判斷介詞在句中的用法。
1．方位介詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷
2．介詞在句中表伴隨，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷
30 a histry f mre than 3，000 years, Hanfu has had different styles in different dynasties(朝代)．(　 　)30.A．fr B．since C．by D．with
二、介詞在短文填空中的運(yùn)用 分析廣東近五年的中考短文填空可知，介詞考查了5次{2021(67.fr), 2020(67.at), 2019(72.f), 2018(71.in), 2017(71.withut)}。針對(duì)該考點(diǎn)，考生需要根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文語(yǔ)境，判斷介詞在句中的用法，還要注意常見的固定搭配。
1．介詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷
解析：because f表示“由于”，后面跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)?！癶ard wrk”為名詞短語(yǔ)，故填f。
3．介詞作后置定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷
(改編自21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào))During the lckdwn(隔離), Bill Guveia started giving chess lessns nline. He starts 31. teaching hwt set up a chessbard and hw different pieces mve arund. Later he teaches kids 32. gd and bad chess decisins.
二、介詞固定搭配易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。
1．It's necessary us t wear masks(口罩) in public places during the COVID-19 perid.2．We have a gegraphy lessn at three 'clck Thursday afternn.3．—Hw d yu study fr a test，Annie?　 —I study wrking with a grup.4．The ancient twn has been pen t visitrs abut ten years.
5．(2021云南昆明改編)Since 1921, the Cmmunist Party f China(中 國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨) has been leading the Chinese peple a better life. 6．—Many peple have been back t their wrk March 5th. —Cities are brught back t life.7．—Did yu see Mr.Green recently? —Yes，but I nly saw him nce my stay in Paris.8．(2021安徽改編)Our cuntry has made great prgress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.
9．The Great Wall winds its way high muntains,__________ deep valleys(山谷) and great deserts(沙漠)．10．Yu'd better nt hang ut after schl telling yur parents.They may wrry abut yu.
一、語(yǔ)法選擇(2021汕頭濠江區(qū)一模改編) Here is an interesting experience I had last Sunday. I gt up 1 the usual time and had breakfast. I heard a funny nise while I 2 . I thught it came frm 3 the cker(廚灶). But when I mved it, I culdn't see anything.
I rang my uncle fr his advice. He said it culd be a gas leak(煤氣泄漏). When I heard this, I was s scared that I immediately put the phne dwn and drve 4 the lcal plice statin. Right at the gate, I remembered that my huse didn't have gas but nly electricity(電)! I felt really stupid and started heading back hme 5 what the nise was. In the street, I saw a lst-and-fund ntice 6 a mnkey that ran ut f the City Safari Park last night.
When I gt hme, I heard 7 funny nise again. I held my breath and pened the dr slwly. Guess what? I saw the mnkey 8 my cupbard(櫥柜)! As it lked 9 ， I fed it with a banana and then I drve it t the park. The zkeepers were really pleased that it 10 back and gave me a reward f $50! Hw interesting my experience was!
(　 　)1.A．n B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．fr(　 　)2.A．eat B．a(chǎn)te C．have eaten D．was eating(　 　)3.A．n B．behind C．a(chǎn)mng D．ver(　 　)4.A．t B．a(chǎn)t C．thrugh D．past
(　 　)5.A．find ut B．fund ut C．t find ut D．finding ut(　 　)6.A．a(chǎn)gainst B．a(chǎn)but C．with D．a(chǎn)s(　 　)7.A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the(　 　)8.A．a(chǎn)crss B．in C．f D．under
(　 　)9.A．hunger B．hungers C．hungry D．hungrily(　 　)10.A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent
二、短文填空　 Du Fu, ne f the greatest pets in China, is familiar t mst f us. Hwever， peple in western cuntries knw little 1._______ him. Recently, the BBC's ne-hur dcumentary(紀(jì)錄片) intrduces the great 2. t western audiences. As the first English-language film abut Du, it 3. him t Dante and Shakespeare wh were tw f the greatest literature masters(文學(xué)大師) f the West.
It als intrduces the pet's life experiences in detail. Du was brn in 712 and lived 4. hard life. Du never stpped writing, althugh life was 5. fr him. Even thugh he never held a high psitin in the gvernment, Du still cared abut cmmn peple. The dcumentary explains why Du's wrks have been ppular 6. centuries. Chinese peple really value the recrding f histry and Du is better than anyne 7. reflecting(反映) histry in his petry. That's because histrical events are mirrred in 8. wn life.
hard/difficult

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