在英語(yǔ)中，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的用作定語(yǔ)的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。例： The girl wh is behind the tree is Kate. The man wh was running n the playgrund was a dctr. The ld man wh is kind is waiting fr his grandsn.
2.定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成要素
①先行詞（被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞）②引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞注意:從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系eg: This is the factry where he wrks.
Mary is a girl wh has lng hair.
which, wh, whm, whse, that
where, when, why, hw
The by is Jack. Jack is dancing.Jack wears shrts.Jack is happy.Jack has shrt black hair.
The by wh is dancing is Jack.
The by wh wears shrts is Jack.
The by wh is happy is Jack.
The by wh has shrt black hair is Jack.
1.The man is a farmer.
2.The man is fishing by the lake.
The man wh is fishing by the lake is a farmer.
Mary is a girl.
Mary has lng hair.
當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí), 用which 或that引導(dǎo).
These are the trees which we planted last year.
當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí), 用wh, whm, whse, that引導(dǎo).
wh, whm, whse, that用法區(qū)別.
wh 作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).
The man wh is playing ftball is a wrker.
The man is a wrker.
The man is playing ftball.
Whm 作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)
The wman whm they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The wman is a teacher.
They wanted t visit the wman.
whse 作定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ).
I knw the girl whse mther is a teacher.
I knw the girl.
The girl’s mther is a teacher.
that 可以作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).
注意: 關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略.
The wman (whm/ that) they wanted t visit is a teacher.
3.引導(dǎo)詞——關(guān)系詞的分類
( ) 1. Srry, we dn’t have the cat ________ yu need.A. what B. wh C. whichD. whm
( ) 2. The dctr _______ is talking with yu is a friend f mine.A. whB. whenC. whichD. whm
( ) 3. This is the rm ___________we lived last year.A. whichB. whereC. whD. whse
( ) 4. The film ___________ we saw last night was wnderful. A. whmB. whC. whichD. when
( ) 5.The sng __________they are listing t is very gd. A. when B. why C. which.D. wh
( ) 6. This is the man _________ class I listened t yesterday. A. wh B. whse C. whm D. that
Match the tw sentences1.I’m reading a bk. The bk is abut Bill Gates. _______________________________________2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._______________________________________ 3.I dn’t like the man. He is is the picture? Yu bught it last week._______________________________________
I’m reading a bk that/which is abut Bill Gates.
He is a teacher wh/ that teaches us Chinese.
I dn’t like the man wh is smking.
Where is the picture that yu bught last week?
1.Octber 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was funded.which B. when C. that D. n that2.Is that the reasn _____ yu are fr the plan. A. which B. what C. why D. fr that
4.定語(yǔ)從句的考查方向:引導(dǎo)詞的考查
理解掌握幾個(gè)區(qū)分:①區(qū)分that 和which②區(qū)分as和which ③區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句 ④區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句 ⑤區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
③先行詞被the nly, the very, the same, the last等詞修飾。
1.下面情況只用that不用which和whm: I watched all the glasses were n the table fall ff the table. The parks are the clearest parks yu can imagine． Crn was nt the nly fd was taken t Eurpe． They talked abut things and persns they remembered. Wh is the persn yu just talked with? The village is n lnger the ne it was 5 years ag. There are many apples are very delicius.
①先行詞為much, little, nne, smene, smething等不定代詞。
②先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。
④先行詞既有人也有物。
⑤以wh /which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。
⑥先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
⑦在there be 句型中，指物只用that。
that 和which 的區(qū)別1
2.下面情況不用that: This is the bk abut 　　　　we are talking nw． Tm studies hard and is ready t help thers, 　　　　his parents expect.What’s that is flying in the sky?
③當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)：
that和which的區(qū)別2
which和as的區(qū)別
1.Tm has made much prgress, ______makes me very happy.3. ________ is ften the case, we have wrked ut the prductin I explained n the phne, yur request will be cnsidered at the next married Mary, we expected.6. He married Mary, we didn’t expected.7. Let’s read such bks will make them better.8. He will give yu such infrmatin will help yu.
as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：①as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。②as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可翻譯為“正如，正像”；而which常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”③ 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果先行詞被as, s ,the same, such 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用as
總結(jié)：which和as的區(qū)別
介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which/whm
He built a telescpe he culd study the skies.The glasses, I’ll be blind, is lst.I’ll never frget the day I jined the army.D yu knw the man yu just shk hands?5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn _________ she culd turn fr help.6. He washed ten windws, ______________hadn’t been cleaned fr at least a year.
thrugh which
withut which
mst f which
1.He was late again, _______case he was stayed in Lndn fr ten years, __________ time he picked up sme French.比較：1.He was late again, and in that case he…2.He stayed in Lndn fr ten years, and during that time he …
during which
1.D yu still remember the days __________ we spent in Qingda?2. D yu still remember the days ________ we spent the summer hlidays in Qingda?用that , when, why, where , which填空1.I want t knw the date, _______yu were brn.2.I have frgtten the date __________ yu tld yu knw the reasn ________ he is absent tday?4.That is the reasn____________I want t is the factry ________ his father is the factry ___________ his father built.
1.We have fund a way ________ is way ____________ he explained t us was quite way _________________ he explained the sentences t us was nt is a jb ______ yu can find smething interesting and ften has n such ccasin ____ she can spare sme time fr his have reached a pint _____ we shuld make an immediate decisin fr ften meet such cases _____ they have n idea what t d.
that/which/不填
that/in which/不填
1.(2008,山東) Occasins are quite rare ____ I have the time t spend a day with my kids.wh B. which C. why D. when2.(2007,陜西) Tday, we’ll discuss a number f cases ______ beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.which B. as C. why D. where3.(2009,浙江) I have reached a pint in my life ____ I am suppsed t make decisins f my wn.A. which B. where C. hw D. why4.(2009,福建) It’s helpful t put children in a situatin ______ they can see themselves differently.A. That B. when C. which D. where

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