第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Rbtic scientists say that ne-year-ld human babies have better mvement skills than rbts d. Let's take a lk at sme tasks that are easy fr yu but tugh fr rbts.
Pick things up
Picking things up is nt easy. If we drp ur pencil n the flr, ur brains wrk hard. First, we must find the pencil and lk at its distance. Then we mve ur hands t it. A rbt cannt always mve its "hand" t the right place. Calculating the distance is nt easy. Then, when we tuch the pencil, it might rll a little bit. Rbts cannt easily understand this either. S, if yu drp a pencil n the flr, a rbt will prbably rll it arund the rm.
Get arund spaces
If smene drps yu in a building yu've never been t, yu might feel a bit lst. But yu can lk arund, find a dr and get ut quickly. Yu will nt get stuck in a crner. But a rbt will lk everywhere fr a dr, even n ceilings and flrs. This is because it's hard fr them t understand spaces.
Understand the wrld made by peple
"Cmmn sense" is what we dn't need t think r talk abut. Because f cmmn sense, we pick up a cffee cup by its handle. We feel whether it has cffee inside, and whether it is ht.
But rbts may turn the cup upside dwn r hld the ht part f the cup, damaging itself. Scientists have tried teaching rbts cmmn-sense rules. But even huge databases dn't help much. There are just t many rules—and t many exceptins. Maybe they just need mre time t learn.
1. Why is it difficult fr a rbt t pick things up?
A. It cannt lcate where the thing is.B. Its hands cannt mve far enugh
C. It likes t rll things arund the rmD. It has difficulty wrking ut the exact distance.
2. What d rbts tend t d when they are trapped in a crner?
A. Ask fr help.B. G t a dr and get ut.C. Lk fr drs aimlessly.D. Wait fr thers t help.
3. What is the authr's purpse in writing the article?
A. T shw rbts have their wn limitatins.B. T describe hw rbts help imprve ur lives.
C. T explain the imprtance f the database t rbtsD. T intrduce in what areas rbts will be applied.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些對(duì)我們?nèi)祟悂碚f容易但對(duì)機(jī)器人來說很難的任務(wù)，從而表明了機(jī)器人有自己的局限性。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Pick things up部分中的“A rbt cannt always mve its "hand" t the right place. Calculating the distance is nt easy.”(機(jī)器人不能總是把“手”移動(dòng)到正確的位置，計(jì)算距離并不容易。)可知，機(jī)器人拾起東西很難，是因?yàn)樗鼈兒茈y算出準(zhǔn)確的距離，故選D。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Get arund spaces部分中的“But a rbt will lk everywhere fr a dr, even n ceilings and flrs. This is because it's hard fr them t understand spaces.”(但是機(jī)器人會(huì)到處找門，甚至在天花板和地板上找。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兒茈y理解空間。)可知，當(dāng)機(jī)器人被困在角落時(shí)，它們會(huì)漫無目的地找門。故選C。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Let's take a lk at sme tasks that are easy fr yu but tugh fr rbts.”(讓我們來看看一些對(duì)你來說容易但對(duì)機(jī)器人來說很難的任務(wù)。)可知，文章主要介紹了一些對(duì)人類來說容易但對(duì)機(jī)器人來說很難的任務(wù)，由此可以推斷出，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了表明機(jī)器人有自己的局限性，故選A。
B
K2 is nicknamed "savage muntain". Yu hear tragic stries: Fr every fur peple wh reach the summit, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. Even the best ski muntaineers thught it impssible.
But that changed after a training expeditin t Brad Peak. I gt a clear lk at K2's massive face, and it inspired me. Over time, my skills imprved and, by 2017, I didn't feel the fear anymre. I began preparatins. T be the first t d it just adds t the challenge. Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.
At the base camp, I felt calm and prepared. There were n emtins r dubts — I just knew I culd d it. But there were challenges. In ttal, it tk abut three days t reach the summit. Fr many climbers, getting t the peak f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. Fr me, it was where the real challenge began.
The mst dangerus part was the Messner Traverse. It's pure ice, up t a 75-degree angle in places, with drps n either side. Yu need t keep yur turns and mvements smth and cnfident. N ne had attempted it befre, s it was a relief t crss it.
In ttal, ging dwn the muntain tk abut seven hurs. When I eventually skied int camp, I simply lay in the snw, emtinally and physically exhausted. I'm s prud f what I achieved. N ne thught it culd be dne. It taught me the value f patience and that nbdy else can make yur dreams cme true.
4. What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the rigin f K2's nickname.B. T shw that K2 is very hard t be cnquered.
C. T explain why the authr wanted t ski dwn K2.D. T describe the authr's first impressin f K2.
5. What was the mst imprtant factr in challenging K2 accrding t the authr?
A. Advanced equipment.B. Skilled safety guards.
C. An verall knwledge f K2.D. A psitive attitude withut fear.
6. Which wrd best describes the authr?
A. Curageus.B. Creative.C. Cautius.D. Curius.
7. What did the authr learn frm his experience?
A. One shuld always dream big.B. Supprt is needed t realize dreams.
C. It takes patience and effrt t succeed.D. We shuld always have self-cnfidence.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者攀登喬戈里峰的經(jīng)過和登上山峰后的感受。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“K2 is nicknamed "savage muntain". Yu hear tragic stries: Fr every fur peple wh reach the summit, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. Even the best ski muntaineers thught it impssible.(喬戈里峰被稱為“野蠻之山”。你會(huì)聽到悲慘的故事：每四個(gè)人登上頂峰，就有一個(gè)人死亡。我害怕得連在那里滑雪的念頭都不敢想。即使是最好的滑雪登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員也認(rèn)為這是不可能的)”可推知，第一段的目的是表明喬戈里峰很難被征服。故選B。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.( 恐懼是生活中很重要的元素，但要滑下喬戈里峰，我必須停止恐懼)”可知，在挑戰(zhàn)喬戈里峰的過程中，最重要的因素是沒有恐懼的積極態(tài)度。故選D。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Over time, my skills imprved and, by 2017, I didn't feel the fear anymre. I began preparatins. T be the first t d it just adds t the challenge. Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的技能得到了提高，到2017年，我不再感到恐懼了。我開始準(zhǔn)備。成為第一個(gè)這樣做的人只會(huì)增加挑戰(zhàn)?？謶质巧钪泻苤匾脑兀聠谈昀锓?，我必須停止恐懼)”可推知，作者很勇敢。故選A。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“In ttal, it tk abut three days t reach the summit. Fr many climbers, getting t the peak f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. Fr me, it was where the real challenge began.(總共花了大約三天時(shí)間到達(dá)頂峰。對(duì)許多登山者來說，登上喬戈里峰將是他們一生中決定性的時(shí)刻。對(duì)我來說，真正的挑戰(zhàn)開始于此)”以及最后一段中“It taught me the value f patience and that nbdy else can make yur dreams cme true. (它教會(huì)了我耐心的價(jià)值，沒有人能讓你的夢(mèng)想成真)”可推知，作者從他的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了成功需要耐心和努力。故選C。
C
With lw temperatures and a lack f fd, winter is a bad seasn fr animals. Many animals enter hibernatin t get thrugh it. Hibernatin is when an animal ges int a state f extended inactivity. This cls the creature's bdy and slws its heartbeat t just a few times per minute, fr up t mnths at a time.
But why dn't humans hibernate? Human hibernatin desn't exist fr many reasns. Our bdy is nt designed fr hibernatin. Fr example, waste management is a huge challenge fr human hibernatin. Animals that hibernate are able t essentially preserve nutrients during hibernatin thrugh a prcess f reabsrptin. Unfrtunately, humans can't d this. In additin, cld temperatures can limit the immune system, making peple mre likely t get infectins, accrding t Smithsnian Magazine.
In fact, humans dn't need t sleep thrugh winter. We have discvered fire, clthes, shelter hunting and agriculture, all f which are much mre effective ways f surviving the cld.
Culd humans hibernate in the future? Fr lng-distance space travel, it's likely. A jurney t Mars wuld take arund mnths using current technlgy. If we hpe t visit anther star system, even if we culd travel at the speed f light, the jurney wuld take years. Being able t hibernate wuld make such distances cnsiderably less bring fr the astrnauts and cnserve vital resurces, accrding t University f Oxfrd in the UK.
NASA is treating this questin seriusly. Beginning in 2014, the agency funded research n lng-term hibernatin as a way t facilitate lng-term space travel, accrding t The Atlantic magazine.
8. What are animals like when they enter hibernatin?
A. Their heartbeat slws dwn.B. Their breathing rate disappears.
C. Their rgans functin as nrmal.D. Their bdy temperature increases.
9. Humans can't hibernate partly because________.
A. we can't guarantee necessary nutritin
B. lng-term sleep will damage ur immune system
C. cld temperatures damage ur waste management
D. ur immune system wn't wrk at lw temperatures
10. What d the last tw paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A. Different pinins n humans' hibernatin.B. A new technlgy fr humans t hibernate.
C. New research n hibernatin in space travel.D. The significance f studying human hibernatin.
11. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A text bk.B. A science magazine.C. An art review.D. A bigraphy
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為什么人類無法像動(dòng)物一樣冬眠的原因以及未來人類是否能夠冬眠的問題。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hibernatin is when an animal ges int a state f extended inactivity. This cls the creature's bdy and slws its heartbeat t just a few times per minute, fr up t mnths at a time.(冬眠是指動(dòng)物進(jìn)入一種長(zhǎng)期不活動(dòng)的狀態(tài)。這可以使它的身體降溫，并使心跳減慢到每分鐘幾次，每次可以持續(xù)幾個(gè)月)”可知，動(dòng)物進(jìn)入冬眠時(shí)心跳變慢了。故選A。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Animals that hibernate are able t essentially preserve nutrients during hibernatin thrugh a prcess f reabsrptin. Unfrtunately, humans can't d this.(冬眠的動(dòng)物能夠在冬眠期間通過一個(gè)重新吸收的過程來保存營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。不幸的是，人類無法做到這一點(diǎn))”可知，人類不能冬眠的部分原因是我們不能保證必要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。故選A。
【10題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Culd humans hibernate in the future? Fr lng-distance space travel, it's likely. A jurney t Mars wuld take arund mnths using current technlgy. If we hpe t visit anther star system, even if we culd travel at the speed f light, the jurney wuld take years. Being able t hibernate wuld make such distances cnsiderably less bring fr the astrnauts and cnserve vital resurces, accrding t University f Oxfrd in the UK.(未來人類會(huì)冬眠嗎？對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途太空旅行來說，這是可能的。使用目前的技術(shù)，到火星旅行大約需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。如果我們希望訪問另一個(gè)恒星系統(tǒng)，即使我們可以以光速旅行，這一旅程也需要數(shù)年時(shí)間。根據(jù)英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)的說法，能夠冬眠將使宇航員在這樣的距離中不那么無聊，并保存重要的資源)”以及最后一段“NASA is treating this questin seriusly. Beginning in 2014, the agency funded research n lng-term hibernatin as a way t facilitate lng-term space travel, accrding t The Atlantic magazine.( NASA正在認(rèn)真對(duì)待這個(gè)問題。 據(jù)《大西洋月刊》報(bào)道，從2014年開始，該機(jī)構(gòu)資助了長(zhǎng)期冬眠的研究，以促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)期太空旅行)”可知，最后兩段主要講的是研究人類冬眠的意義。故選D。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“But why dn't humans hibernate? Human hibernatin desn't exist fr many reasns. Our bdy is nt designed fr hibernatin.(但是為什么人類不冬眠呢？人類冬眠是不存在的，原因有很多。我們的身體不是為冬眠而設(shè)計(jì)的)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了為什么人類無法像動(dòng)物一樣冬眠的原因以及未來人類是否能夠冬眠的問題?？赏浦恼驴赡苓x自科學(xué)雜志。故選B。
D
"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-ld sn shuted frm his rm. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have n idea," he said. "Where is he frm?" I cntinued. He respnded, "I think smewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it desn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a rbt."
"Yur friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It desn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game cntinues." My sn desn't mind playing with a persn r a rbt, which is typical f gamers these days. I wnder whether the face-t-face experience f friendship that I grew up with will be lst by ur children.
Aristtle, a great thinker and educatr, has pinted ut that shallw friendship is easily frmed but als easily abandned because such bnds are fragile. Deep friendship, by cntrast, is when yu care fr yur friend fr his sake, nt fr any benefit yu can get. This is selfless friendship. Yu can have nly a cuple f these friends because they require lts f time and effrt. Yu must make sacrifices fr each ther.
Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "ding fr". Perhaps the mst defining feature f deep friendship is "ding fr", as my friend has my back in truble r brings me sup when I'm sick. Only strng bnds have the pwer t mtivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why nline "friends" wuld bther t d the hard wrk f friendship. When I asked my students whether they had peple in their lives wh wuld bring them sup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stne Age questin and said they'd just rder sup nline.
Digital life fills and absrbs waking life time s that peple d nt jin in example case f friendship, like sprts, cllective arts, free range childhds, etc. In this way, digital lie prduces false friendships.
12. What did the authr start the text with?
A. A mtt.B. A gameC. A questin.D. A cnversatin.
13. What des the authr mainly explain in paragraph 3?
A. Selfish friendship.B. Selfless sacrifices in life
C. The meaning f deep friendship.D. The frmatin f shallw friendship
14. What des the authr want t tell his students in paragraph 4?
A Strng bnds are frmed easilyB. Ordering fd nline is cnvenient
C. Rbts will have ur back in truble.D. Virtual friends wn't make real sacrifices.
15. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Digitalized friendshipB. The benefits f digital life.
C. Face-t-face cmmunicatinD. The sacrifices f nline friends.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了現(xiàn)在的友誼變得數(shù)字化，失去了原來的面對(duì)面友誼的意義。
【12題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-ld sn shuted frm his rm. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have n idea," he said. "Where is he frm?" I cntinued. He respnded, "I think smewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it desn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a rbt."(“我?guī)追昼娋偷??！蔽艺诤鸵粋€(gè)叫Scuzbll的朋友玩游戲，”我15歲的兒子從他的房間里喊道。“哦，斯庫茲鮑爾的真名是什么？”我問，“我不知道，”他說。“他是哪里人？”我接著說到。他回答說：“我想在加拿大的某個(gè)地方。哦，等等，這都不重要了，因?yàn)镾cuzball剛剛離開比賽，他已經(jīng)被一個(gè)機(jī)器人取代了?！?”以及第二段“"Yur friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It desn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game cntinues."(“你的朋友被人工智能取代了?”“沒關(guān)系，爸爸。這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生！游戲還在繼續(xù)。”)”可知，作者通過呈現(xiàn)他和兒子的對(duì)話來引出文章的話題。故選D。
【13題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Aristtle, a great thinker and educatr, has pinted ut that shallw friendship is easily frmed but als easily abandned because such bnds are fragile. Deep friendship, by cntrast, is when yu care fr yur friend fr his sake, nt fr any benefit yu can get. This is selfless friendship. Yu can have nly a cuple f these friends because they require lts f time and effrt. Yu must make sacrifices fr each ther. (偉大的思想家、教育家亞里士多德曾指出，膚淺的友誼很容易形成，也很容易放棄，因?yàn)檫@種聯(lián)系是脆弱的。相比之下，深厚的友誼是你為了朋友而關(guān)心他，而不是為了你能得到的任何好處。這就是無私的友誼。你只能有幾個(gè)這樣的朋友，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰罅康臅r(shí)間和精力。你們必須為彼此做出犧牲)”可知，第三段主要解釋了深厚友誼的含義。故選C。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "ding fr". Perhaps the mst defining feature f deep friendship is "ding fr", as my friend has my back in truble r brings me sup when I'm sick. Only strng bnds have the pwer t mtivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why nline "friends" wuld bther t d the hard wrk f friendship.(友誼的存在需要“陪伴”和“奉獻(xiàn)”。也許深厚友誼最顯著的特征是“奉獻(xiàn)”，就像我的朋友會(huì)在我遇到麻煩時(shí)支持我，或者在我生病時(shí)給我端湯。只有牢固的關(guān)系才能激發(fā)真正的犧牲。但目前還不清楚為什么網(wǎng)上的“朋友”會(huì)費(fèi)心去做友誼這一艱苦的工作)”可知，作者主要想告訴他的學(xué)生，網(wǎng)上的朋友不會(huì)做出真正的犧牲，他們無法在你遇到困難的時(shí)候給予你支持和幫助。故選D。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文并結(jié)合文章最后一段“Digital life fills and absrbs waking life time s that peple d nt jin in example case f friendship, like sprts, cllective arts, free range childhds, etc. In this way, digital lie prduces false friendships. (數(shù)字生活填補(bǔ)并吸收了人們清醒時(shí)的生活時(shí)間，這樣人們就不會(huì)加入體現(xiàn)友誼的具體事項(xiàng)，比如運(yùn)動(dòng)、集體藝術(shù)、自由放養(yǎng)的童年等。通過這種方式，數(shù)字謊言產(chǎn)生了虛假的友誼)”結(jié)合文章主要論述了現(xiàn)在的友誼變得數(shù)字化，失去了原來的面對(duì)面友誼的意義?？芍恼碌闹髦际菙?shù)字化友誼。故選A。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Cmfrt fds are typically energy-dense, high-fat, and sweet, such as chclate, ice cream and French fries. They prvide pleasure r temprarily make us feel better. ____16____ .
?Self-medicatin.
There seems t be a cnsistent cnnectin between negative emtins and unhealthy fds, a phenmenn called emtinal eating. In a bad md, peple are drawn t unhealthy fds（sugary and fatty）as a cping apprach. ____17____ Hwever, ne study fund that althugh cmfrt fds prvide sme relief frm negative mds, s d ther fds r even eating n fd at all.
?The need t belng.
We tend t assciate certain fds with members f ur family, scial gatherings and peple taking care f us. S when we feel lnely we desire these fds t give us cmfrt and security. ____18____ . Fr example, fr a cllege student away frm hme fr the first time, cmfrt fds may serve as a reminder f family r friends in times f stress r islatin. Evidence shwed that peple with psitive family relatinships were mre likely than thers t reach fr cmfrting fds n the days when they felt lnely.
?Special ccasin.
____19____ . The excuse reflects a dilemma. Frm a shrt-term perspective, the indulgence（縱情享受）is the best chice, but frm a lng-term perspective, healthy eating is the best chice. The ideal slutin is t smehw d bth. ____20____ . If the situatin can be framed as the "last time", then the dilemma disappears, since the persn can say t himself that a new and better life will begin tmrrw.
A. This is impssible, except in ne situatin
B. This is because we feel cmfrted when we are full
C. Hwever, as it is ideal, it's impssible fr mst peple
D. Here are sme factrs that can cntribute t cmfrt eating
E. In cntrast, peple in a psitive md tend t chse healthy fds
F. We tend t g fr special, ften unhealthy, fds n celebratry ccasins
G. That is, cmfrt fd's pwer may lie in the assciatins it calls t mind
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了安慰食品通常是高能量、高脂肪和甜的，如巧克力、冰淇淋和炸薯?xiàng)l。它們給我們帶來快樂或暫時(shí)讓我們感覺更好，以及具體列出一些為什么可以讓你吃得舒服的因素。
【16題詳解】
由上文“They prvide pleasure r temprarily make us feel better.”（它們給我們帶來快樂或暫時(shí)讓我們感覺更好。）引出話題“讓你感覺舒服的原因”。以及下文詳細(xì)列舉了三種因素， 故可以推出，空格處內(nèi)容為“一些可以讓你吃得舒服的因素”引出下文的具體的舉例。故選D項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
上文“There seems t be a cnsistent cnnectin between negative emtins and unhealthy fds, a phenmenn called emtinal eating. In a bad md, peple are drawn t unhealthy fds（sugary and fatty）as a cping apprach.”（消極情緒和不健康食物之間似乎有一種一致的聯(lián)系，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“情緒化飲食”。心情不好的時(shí)候，人們會(huì)選擇不健康的食物(含糖和高脂肪的)作為一種應(yīng)對(duì)方法。）由此推斷，接下來可能會(huì)說明舉出相反例子說明積極情緒可能會(huì)更健康的吃。故與E項(xiàng)“相反，心情好的人傾向于選擇健康的食物”形成對(duì)比。故選E項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
上文“We tend t assciate certain fds with members f ur family, scial gatherings and peple taking care f us. S when we feel lnely we desire these fds t give us cmfrt and security.”（我們傾向于將某些食物與我們的家庭成員、社交聚會(huì)和照顧我們的人聯(lián)系在一起。所以當(dāng)我們感到孤獨(dú)的時(shí)候，我們渴望這些食物給我們安慰和安全。）下文“Fr example, fr a cllege student away frm hme fr the first time, cmfrt fds may serve as a reminder f family r friends in times f stress r islatin.”（例如，對(duì)于一個(gè)第一次離開家的大學(xué)生來說，舒適的食物可以在壓力或孤立的時(shí)候提醒家人或朋友。）可知，選項(xiàng)G“也就是說，安慰性食物的力量可能在于它能喚起人們的聯(lián)想”是對(duì)上文的推斷，以及引出下文的具體證明例子。故選G項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
上文標(biāo)題“Special ccasin.”說明特殊的場(chǎng)合。與下文選項(xiàng)F“We tend t g fr special, ften unhealthy, fds n celebratry ccasins”中的“special”，“ccasin”詞匯保持一致以及對(duì)上文標(biāo)題的具體說明。故選F項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
上文“The ideal slutin is t smehw d bth.”（理想的解決辦法是兩者兼顧。）下文“If the situatin can be framed as the "last time", then the dilemma disappears, since the persn can say t himself that a new and better life will begin tmrrw”（如果情境可以被設(shè)定為“最后一次”，那么困境就消失了，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人可以對(duì)自己說，新的、更好的生活將在明天開始。）可知選項(xiàng)A“這是不可能的，除非在一種情況下?！笔菍?duì)上文的總結(jié)，以及下文的具體解釋說明。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
It was Jennifer Williams' mther wh gt her interested in bks. As a librarian, she read t her three ____21____ every day until they went t cllege.
When Williams became a ____22____ , she wanted her students t lve reading as she did. But she realized that sme kids had limited ____23____ t bks.
"It's very bvius t teachers which kids are ____24____ t and which kids are nt," she said. T Williams, the ____25____ was simple: Give kids bks. In 2017, she gave away 900 used children's ____26____ ver three days. Mst peple wuld be ____27____ with that.
"Anybdy culd d that," she said. "I wanted t d smething that was ging t ____28____ my faith, my wrk ethic, my everything." S she set a new ____29____ fr herself: Give away ne millin bks. It sunds like a（n） _____30_____ number, but as Williams psted n Facebk: "Dn't cmplain if yu aren't willing t wrk hard ut n the field."
S she gt t wrk, first by persuading friends t _____31_____ bks r mney t buy bks. And as news f Williams' prject spread, strangers started _____32_____ bks n her frnt prch. As the bks came in. Williams gave them t lcal schls, free f _____33_____ .
Nw, Williams has _____34_____ mre than 78,000 bks—nly 922,000 mre t reach her gal! And she's nt slwing dwn. It's t _____35_____ fr kids with few ptins.
21. A. friendsB. childrenC. studentsD. relatives
22. A. teacherB. mtherC. mnitrD. librarian
23. A. accessB. reactinC. apprachD. guide
24. A. talkedB. readC. listenedD. written
25. A. resultB. reasnC. slutinD. situatin
26. A. tysB. chairsC. bksD. clthes
27. A. bredB. busyC. enughD. satisfied
28. A. determineB. delayC. stretchD. fllw
29. A. galB. faithC. timetableD. requirement
30. A. safeB. meaningfulC. strangeD. unreachable
31. A. sellB. writeC. lendD. dnate
32. A. gettingB. leavingC. sharingD. brrwing
33. A. trubleB. damageC. chargeD. reward
34. A. given awayB. asked frC. applied frD. gathered up
35. A. manyB. imprtantC. difficultD. incredible
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了詹妮弗·威廉姆斯為了讓更多的孩子閱讀，開始了自己的捐書目標(biāo)。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)圖書管理員，她每天給她的三個(gè)孩子讀書，直到他們上大學(xué)。A. friends朋友；B. children孩子；C. students學(xué)生；D. relatives親戚。根據(jù)“It was Jennifer Williams' mther wh gt her interested in bks.”可知，詹妮弗·威廉姆斯的母親每天為孩子們讀書。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)威廉姆斯成為一名教師時(shí)，她希望她的學(xué)生像她一樣熱愛閱讀。A. teacher老師；B. mther母親；C. mnitr班長(zhǎng)；D. librarian圖書管理員。根據(jù)“she wanted her students t lve reading as she did.”可知，威廉姆斯回來成為一名教師。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但她意識(shí)到，有些孩子接觸書籍的機(jī)會(huì)有限。 A. access接近(的機(jī)會(huì))；B. reactin反應(yīng)；C. apprach方法；D. guide向?qū)Аave access t有接觸……的機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利。根據(jù)“T Williams, the ____5____ was simple: Give kids bks.”可知，有些孩子接觸書的機(jī)會(huì)很有限。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“老師很清楚哪些孩子閱讀了，哪些孩子沒有閱讀?！盇. talked交談；B. read閱讀；C. listened聽；D. written寫。根據(jù)“It's very bvius t teachers”可知，作為老師很清楚自己所教的學(xué)生有沒有閱讀。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)威廉姆斯來說，解決辦法很簡(jiǎn)單：給孩子們書。 A. result結(jié)果；B. reasn原因；C. slutin解決方法；D. situatin形勢(shì)。根據(jù)“Give kids bks.”可知，威廉姆斯解決孩子閱讀問題的辦法很簡(jiǎn)單。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2017年，她在三天內(nèi)送出了900本用過的兒童書籍。A. tys玩具；B. chairs椅子；C. bks書；D. clthes衣服。根據(jù)“T Williams, the ____5____ was simple: Give kids bks.”可知，威廉姆斯給孩子們書籍。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人會(huì)對(duì)此感到滿意。A. bred厭煩的；B. busy繁忙的；C. enugh足夠的；D. satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)“In 2017, she gave away 900 used children's ____6____ ver three days.”可知，大多數(shù)人對(duì)威廉姆斯送書感到滿意。故選D。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想做一些能夠拓展我的信仰、職業(yè)道德和一切的事情。A. determine決定；B. delay延遲；C. stretch伸展，拓展；D. fllw跟隨。根據(jù)“Anybdy culd d that,”可知，威廉姆斯想通過做一些事情來拓展自己的信仰、職業(yè)道德和一切的事情。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她給自己定了一個(gè)新目標(biāo)：捐出一百萬本書。A. gal目標(biāo)；B. faith信念；C. timetable時(shí)間表；D. requirement要求。根據(jù)“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯給自己定了一個(gè)捐贈(zèng)書的新目標(biāo)。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這聽起來像是一個(gè)遙不可及的數(shù)字。A. safe安全的；B. meaningful有意義的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unreachable不能到達(dá)的。根據(jù)“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，捐出一百萬本書聽起來像是一個(gè)遙不可及的數(shù)字。故選D。
【31題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：于是她開始工作，首先說服朋友們捐贈(zèng)書籍或錢來買書。A. sell賣；B. write寫；C. lend借出；D. dnate捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯說服朋友們參與捐贈(zèng)書籍。故選D。
【32題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著威廉姆斯項(xiàng)目的消息傳開，陌生人開始把書放在她的前廊上。A. getting得到；B. leaving留下；C. sharing分享；D. brrwing借來。根據(jù)“And as news f Williams' prject spread,”可知，陌生人參與威廉姆斯的計(jì)劃，主動(dòng)把書放在她的前廊上。故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：威廉姆斯把它們免費(fèi)送給了當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校。A. truble麻煩；B. damage損害；C. charge負(fù)責(zé)；D. reward報(bào)答。free f charge免費(fèi)。根據(jù)“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯把書免費(fèi)捐贈(zèng)給學(xué)校。故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，威廉姆斯已經(jīng)捐出了78000多本書——只要再捐出922000本書就能實(shí)現(xiàn)她的目標(biāo)了!A. given away贈(zèng)送；B. asked fr請(qǐng)求；C. applied fr申請(qǐng)；D. gathered up聚集。根據(jù)“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯完成捐贈(zèng)一百萬本書的目標(biāo)。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)那些別無選擇的孩子來說太重要了。A. many許多的；B. imprtant重要的；C. difficult困難的；D. incredible難以置信的。根據(jù)“And she's nt slwing dwn.”可知，威廉姆斯繼續(xù)完成捐書目標(biāo)，因?yàn)闀緦?duì)那些別無選擇的孩子來說太重要了。故選B。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
New Yrk state is America's tp apple grwer after the state f Washingtn, but New Yrk City's nickname has nthing t d ____36____ fruit prductin. ____37____ （actual）, the nickname the "Big Apple" first gained ppularity in cnnectin with hrse racing. Arund 1920, New Yrk City newspaper reprter Jhn Fitz Gerald, ____38____ reprted n the track, heard stable hands（馬夫）say they were ging t "the big apple," a ____39____ （refer）t New Yrk City, whse race tracks ____40____ （cnsider）great. Fitz Gerald sn began mentining the Big Apple in his newspaper clumns. In the 1930s, jazz musicians adpted the term ____41____ （indicate）New Yrk City was hme t tp music clubs.
The nickname later faded frm use and wasn't revived ____42____ the early 1970s as part f a turism campaign t restre New Yrk's image. At the time, the cuntry's mst ppulus city ____43____ （experience）ecnmic difficulties. The man wh created ____44____ campaign, Charles Gillett, was a jazz enthusiast wh knew that the Big Apple had nce been a nickname that brught respect t the city. Prmtinal items _____45_____ （feature）apples sn became ppular and visitrs were invited t take a bite ut f the Big Apple；this time arund, the name stuck.
【答案】36. with
37. Actually
38. wh 39. reference4
40. were cnsidered
41. t indicate
42. until 43. was experiencing
44. the 45. featuring
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述了為什么把紐約叫做“大蘋果”的原因。
【36題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：紐約州是美國(guó)繼華盛頓州之后最大的蘋果種植者，但紐約市的這個(gè)綽號(hào)與水果生產(chǎn)無關(guān)。have nthing t d with...“與……無關(guān)”，根據(jù)句意，故填with。
【37題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：實(shí)際上，“大蘋果”這個(gè)綽號(hào)最初是在賽馬中流行起來的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，副詞能夠單獨(dú)使用，這里表示實(shí)際上，需使用actual的副詞形式作狀語， 故填A(yù)ctually。
【38題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：1920年左右，紐約市報(bào)紙記者約翰·菲茨·杰拉爾德，在賽道上報(bào)到，聽到馬手說他們要去“大蘋果”，指的是紐約市，紐約市的賽道被認(rèn)為是偉大的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞Jhn Fitz Gerald指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞wh引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故填wh。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞。句意同上。冠詞修飾名詞，根據(jù)此處的不定冠詞a，可知本處需要單數(shù)名詞，refer的名詞形式reference，故填reference。
【40題詳解】
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：1920年左右，紐約市報(bào)紙記者約翰·菲茨·杰拉爾德，在賽道上報(bào)到，聽到馬手說他們要去“大蘋果”，指的是紐約市，紐約市的賽道被認(rèn)為是偉大的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cnsider在此處作從句的謂語，與主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)句意，講述過去發(fā)生的事情，句子為一般過去式，故填were cnsidered。
【41題詳解】
考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：20世紀(jì)30年代，爵士音樂家用這個(gè)詞來表示紐約市是頂級(jí)音樂俱樂部的所在地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語adpted，故動(dòng)詞indicate為非謂語作狀語，與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填indicating。
【42題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：這個(gè)綽號(hào)后來逐漸不再使用，直到20世紀(jì)70年代初才重新使用，作為一場(chǎng)旨在提升紐約形象的旅游運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分。in the early 1970s“在20世紀(jì)70年代早期”是固定短語。根據(jù)句意，故填in。
【43題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)國(guó)家人口最多的城市正在經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)困境。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語at the time“在那時(shí)”可知句子應(yīng)該使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在過去某段時(shí)期一直存在的狀態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was experiencing。
44題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：發(fā)起這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人，查爾斯·吉列特，是一個(gè)爵士樂愛好者，他知道“Big Apple”曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)尊重這座城市的綽號(hào)。此處特指“這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”，故填the。
【45題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：以蘋果為特色促銷項(xiàng)目很快成為受歡迎的，游客們被邀請(qǐng)“去吃一口這個(gè)大蘋果”。分析句子可知，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是became，feature用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作定語，修飾items，二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填featuring。
第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）
46. 假定你是李華，打算邀請(qǐng)外教Mr. William去參觀“中國(guó)藝術(shù)展”。請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 參觀時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；
2. 參觀內(nèi)容。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)80左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Mr. William,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Mr. William,
I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin this Saturday mrning.
We will get tgether at ur schl gate and leave at 8 am. The exhibitin will be held in ur city gallery, where we will enjy large varieties f art wrks, including traditinal Chinese paintings, sculptures, and calligraphy wrks and s n. We will luckily appreciate sme wrks by Chinese artists exhibited fr the first time, which will surely appeal t yu.
I knw yu have a passin fr Chinese arts s yu had better nt miss the precius chance.
Yurs
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給外教Mr. William寫封信，邀請(qǐng)他去參觀“中國(guó)藝術(shù)展”。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
展覽：exhibitin→display
種類：variety→srt
幸運(yùn)地：luckily→frtunately
無疑：surely→certainly
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin this Saturday mrning.
拓展句：I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin, which will be held this Saturday mrning.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]The exhibitin will be held in ur city gallery, where we will enjy large varieties f art wrks, including traditinal Chinese paintings, sculptures, and calligraphy wrks and s n.（運(yùn)用了where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
[高分句型2]We will luckily appreciate sme wrks by Chinese artists exhibited fr the first time, which will surely appeal t yu.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭話續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in seventh grade, my parents paid a tutr(家庭教師)frty dllars a week fr her cming t my huse and helping me with math. It ended up raising my marks frm 50 t 55.
I had t admit it was mainly my fault. Maybe I shuld have cncentrated n my math frm the beginning. But studying math was a painful and tugh thing. My teachers and friends wuld frequently ask the questin after tests, “Hw’s yur math this time？” Gradually I became extremely afraid f math. My fear f math gt wrse in ninth grade. Every reprt card I received frm my new math teacher Ms Rbbins had the cmment t encurage me,“I’m glad t d what I can t help yu.” But I culdn’t tell her the real reasn why I didn’t ask fr help—I didn’t want t be cnsidered stupid. Every questin I had was, in my pinin at that time, smething that the whle class had understd but me. S I ended up nt caring abut anything related t math, withut wrking hard n math at all. But in my bttm f my heart, there was still a wrry that I wuld nt pass the math exam r even fail t be admitted t high schl .
Finally, the day came when my classmates and I tk the final test that wuld lead t ur graduatin frm middle schl and stepping int high schl. Days after the exam, n a rainy summer mrning, Ms. Rbbins called me t her ffice.
注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)為 150 左右。
Paragraph 1：
With wrry and uncertainty, I entered her ffice.
Paragraph 2：
After I tk the curage t tell my parents the bad news, they were silent.
【答案】Paragraph 1
With wrry and uncertainty, I entered her ffice. Ms. Rbbins tld me that I had failed the math test, and, what was wrse, that I had t spend anther year in middle schl if I wanted t be admitted t a high schl. Hardly had I heard the news when I was reduced t tears. Seeing that, Ms. Rbbins came t cmfrt and encurage me, “I’m glad t d what I can t help yu.” After leaving her ffice, wandering in the rain, I was wndering hw t tell the bad news t my parents, anxius and nervus.
Paragraph 2
After I tk the curage t tell my parents the bad news, they were silent. Trembling with fright, I waited fr their blame. Hwever, they encuraged me t have anther try in ninth grade. It was then that I determined t take math seriusly. The fllwing day, I turned t Ms Rbbins fr help and tld her abut my determinatin. Ms. Rbbins was happy that I finally decided t wrk hard n math. Thanks t her patient guidance and my devtin, I made great prgress and was relieved f the fear f math. Finally, I made it t a gd high schl and a university. Nw I’m a dctr and I’m grateful t Ms. Rbbins.
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇讀后續(xù)寫。文章以時(shí)間為線索，講述了作者上初中時(shí)數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)不好，九年時(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)老師Ms Rbbins主動(dòng)提出幫作者，但出于對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的恐懼和害怕被嘲笑，作者沒有接受老師的幫助。最終，作者在中考中沒有通過數(shù)學(xué)考試。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫
①根據(jù)本段首句“帶著擔(dān)憂和不確定，我走進(jìn)了她的辦公室?！笨芍?，下文可描寫老師告訴作者沒有通過數(shù)學(xué)考試，如果要上高中的話，需要復(fù)讀，并給予作者安慰和鼓勵(lì)。
②根據(jù)本段首句“在我鼓起勇氣告訴父母這個(gè)壞消息后，他們沉默了?！笨芍挛目擅鑼懜改腹膭?lì)作者再嘗試一次，以及在老師的幫助和自己的努力下，作者的數(shù)學(xué)有了很大提高，并順利通過中考。
2.續(xù)寫線索：走進(jìn)辦公室——得知數(shù)學(xué)未通過——老師建議復(fù)讀并給予鼓勵(lì)——告訴父母壞消息——父母鼓勵(lì)——下定決心努力——主動(dòng)求助于老師——順利通過中考
3.詞類激活
行為類
①落淚：burst int tears/ burst ut crying/ reduce t tears
②告訴某人某人：tell sth. t sb./ infrm sb. f sth.
③決心做某事：determine t d sth./ decide t d sth./ make up ne's mind t d sth.
情緒類
①焦慮的：anxius/wrried
②高興的：happy/delighted/pleased
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Ms. Rbbins tld me that I had failed the math test, and, what was wrse, that I had t spend anther year in middle schl if I wanted t be admitted t a high schl. （句中運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)賓語從句和if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）
[高分句型2]Hardly had I heard the news when I was reduced t tears.（句中運(yùn)用了部分倒裝）
[高分句型3]After leaving her ffice, wandering in the rain, I was wndering hw t tell the bad news t my parents, anxius and nervus.（句中運(yùn)用了形容詞作狀語）

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