人教版新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件--冠詞、代詞和介詞

這是一份人教版新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件--冠詞、代詞和介詞
核心語法必備專題四　冠詞、代詞和介詞英 語2022高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI內(nèi)容索引要點(diǎn)精講?破疑解難　對(duì)點(diǎn)演練?精準(zhǔn)提升要點(diǎn)精講?破疑解難　重點(diǎn)一　冠詞考點(diǎn)1　不定冠詞a/an的用法　?1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前, an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前, 如:an honest man, a university2.泛指 “一個(gè)”, 如: an English lecture, a professor3.表示類別, 指一類人或物4.表示 “(每)一個(gè)”, 相當(dāng)于per, each, every5.表示 “某一個(gè)人或物”, 相當(dāng)于some或a certain, 如: a Mr Green6.用于固定短語中, 如: as a rule, in a way, in a hurry, in a moment考點(diǎn)2　定冠詞the的用法　?1.用于特指、雙方都知道的或上文提到的人或物2.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物3.用于表示獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前4.用于形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前5.用于序數(shù)詞前表示順序6.用于樂器名詞前、姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前(表示全家人或夫婦)、表示年代的名詞前, 如: the Browns, in the 1970s7.用于某些形容詞或分詞前表示一類人或物, 如: the rich, the unemployed8.用于某些江、河、海、洋、海灣、山脈、群島等專有名詞前, 如: the Yangtze River9.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前, 如: the History Museum, the Middle East10.用于固定短語中, 如: on the right, at the age of, on the whole, in the long run考點(diǎn)3　不用冠詞的情況　?1.不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞2.物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前不用冠詞, 如: water, luck3.有些專有名詞(人名、國(guó)家、城市、街道、山峰、湖泊等)前不用冠詞, 如: China, Qingdao, Mount Tai4.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期以及節(jié)日、假日的名詞前不用冠詞, 但特指季節(jié)、日期和傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)節(jié)日時(shí)多使用定冠詞, 如: the Spring Festival, the spring of Beijing5.表示三餐、球類或棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)等的名詞前不用冠詞6.表示學(xué)科、語言的名詞前不用冠詞7.表示職位、頭銜、稱呼的名詞做表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或同位語時(shí)不用冠詞8.在表示使用某種交通工具的by詞組中, 交通工具名稱之前通常不用冠詞, 如: by taxi, by ship, by bike9.在 “名詞+and+名詞” 和 “名詞+介詞+名詞” 形式的習(xí)語中, 名詞前通常不用冠詞, 如: face to face, hand in hand10.在某些固定短語中不用冠詞, 如: at home and abroad, in debt重點(diǎn)二　代詞考點(diǎn)1　人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的功能和形式　? 考點(diǎn)2　反身代詞的習(xí)慣用法 考點(diǎn)3　it的用法　?1.it的基本用法2.it做形式主語或形式賓語的常用句型 3.it的常用短語或句型(1)When it comes to learning English, reading widely is of great importance. 當(dāng)談到學(xué)習(xí)英語, 廣泛閱讀很重要。(2)You can count on/rely on/depend on it that he will help you out. 你可以相信他能幫助你擺脫困境。(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.盡管下雨, 但是我們最終及時(shí)趕到了機(jī)場(chǎng)。(4)As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.正如某人所說, 熟能生巧。(5)Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving. 開車時(shí)請(qǐng)確保系好安全帶。(6)I take it that you don’t agree with the manager. 我想你不同意經(jīng)理的意見。(7)It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他參軍三年了。(8)It was three years before he returned home.過了三年他才回家?？键c(diǎn)4　不定代詞　?1.other, others, the other/others, another2.one(s), that, those在文中為避免重復(fù), one(s), that, those等都可以用來代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。3.both, all, either, any, neither, none 4.something, anything, nothing 提示固定搭配: anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不過; 僅僅), all but(幾乎; 差一點(diǎn)), none but(僅僅; 只有)。everything意為 “每件事物; 所有事物”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 與not連用時(shí)表示部分否定, 意為 “并不是所有事物都……”。重點(diǎn)三　介詞考點(diǎn)1　常見介詞的用法　? 考點(diǎn)2　介詞短語　?1.at+名詞at a loss 不知所措　　　　at dinner 在吃晚餐at peace 處于和平狀態(tài) at war 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中 at work 在工作2.其他高頻介詞短語against time 爭(zhēng)分奪秒at the sight of 一看到……in the face of 面對(duì); 面臨in addition(to) 除了……以外(還)in case of 萬一in charge of 負(fù)責(zé); 主管in favour of 贊成; 支持in need of 需要in no time 立刻in a hurry 匆忙in preparation for 為……做準(zhǔn)備in return for 作為回報(bào)of help/use 有幫助的/有用的of importance 重要的on behalf of 代表3.by+名詞by accident 偶然; 意外地by chance 偶然地by hand 手工by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地by month 按月4.beyond+名詞beyond comparison 無與倫比beyond control 失控beyond description 難以描述beyond doubt 毋庸置疑beyond expression 難以表達(dá)beyond (one’s) reach 夠不到5.in+名詞in bed 在床上; 臥床in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中in debt 負(fù)債in difficulty 處于困難中in high spirits 情緒高昂in need 需要幫助的in order 整齊; 井然有序in surprise 吃驚地in trouble 在困難中in use 使用中6.on+名詞on a trip 在旅行on business 出差on display/show 陳列; 展出on duty 值班on holiday/vacation 在度假on sale 出售on strike 罷工on the way 在途中7.out of+名詞out of balance 失去平衡out of control 失去控制out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)out of date 過期out of order 出故障out of work 失業(yè)8.under+名詞under consideration 在考慮中under construction 在建造中under control 處于控制之下under discussion 在討論中under pressure 在壓力下under repair 在修理中under treatment 在治療中對(duì)點(diǎn)演練?精準(zhǔn)提升Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as 　　　　　　example to follow—as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home.?2.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners, and so far, 　　　　　　service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.?3.And he did it in six hours and 48 minutes, a personal record nearly double 　　　　　　of his previous finish time.?an　the　that　4.However, he had no regrets or complaints about giving up romantic evenings with his wife or dinners with relatives and friends so that he could devote 　　　　　　(he) to community work. ?5.We Chinese people believe that only with 　　　　　　(we) own hands can we create a happy and beautiful life.?6.They keep their babies at home until they are physically able to survive 　　　　　　their own. ?himself　our　on　7.Easy access 　　　　　　a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted.?8.Because she was lacking in training, she was afraid of making 　 exhibition of herself.?9.Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current 　　　　　　would most likely happen.?10.He was born 　　　　　　Hangzhou and brought up by his grandma in a seaside village.?to　anone　inⅡ.微語法填空1.Forsythia(連翹) is one of the earliest flowers blooming in spring, ①　　　　　　　 March and May. It is ②　　　　　　　 popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, which is native ③　　　　　　 China. It’s easy to grow because it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but ④　　　　　　 grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in traditional Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating ⑤　　　　　　 some 4,000 years ago.?①答案 between　解析 根據(jù)上文的the earliest flowers blooming in spring可知, 此處表示 “在三月和五月之間”, 應(yīng)用between... and...。故填介詞between。②答案 a　解析 此處泛指 “一種受歡迎的植物”, 故用不定冠詞, popular是輔音音素開頭的單詞, 故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。③答案 to　解析 此處是固定短語be native to, 意為 “產(chǎn)于……”, 故填介詞to。④答案 it　解析 空格處在句中做主語, 指代連翹, 故應(yīng)用代詞it。⑤答案 from　解析 此處是動(dòng)詞短語date from, 意為 “追溯到”, 故填介詞from。2.Ma was born into a doctor’s family in 1933 and became ①　　　　　　military doctor in 1947.She applied to become a paratrooper in 1961, but she failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. But she learnt to parachute by ②　　　　　　　(she) in secret. Finally, she became China’s first female paratrooper. She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump ③　　　　　　　　 the age of 51.She completed over 140 parachuting jumps over a period of 20 years. In 2018, Ma donated ④　　　　　　(she) entire life savings to support local education and public welfare.?①答案 a　解析 她在1947年成為一名軍醫(yī), 此處表示泛指, 故用不定冠詞a。②答案 herself　解析 此處為learn...by oneself, 意為 “自學(xué)”, 故填herself。 ③答案 at　解析 句意: 她在51歲時(shí)創(chuàng)下了年齡最大的現(xiàn)役女兵跳傘紀(jì)錄。在具體多少歲的時(shí)候, 應(yīng)用介詞at。④答案 her　解析 空格處在句中做定語, 修飾名詞短語entire life savings, 應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞, 故填her。